JPH08506928A - 電気化学セル - Google Patents
電気化学セルInfo
- Publication number
- JPH08506928A JPH08506928A JP6521680A JP52168094A JPH08506928A JP H08506928 A JPH08506928 A JP H08506928A JP 6521680 A JP6521680 A JP 6521680A JP 52168094 A JP52168094 A JP 52168094A JP H08506928 A JPH08506928 A JP H08506928A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- cell
- cathode
- transition metal
- cathode material
- active
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 155
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 210000000352 storage cell Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 87
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 32
- JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromide Chemical group [Na+].[Br-] JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium iodide Chemical compound [Na+].[I-] FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910018306 Cu2Sb Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910005343 FeSb2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910005874 NiSb2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- ZSFZQNSWHYVSDP-UHFFFAOYSA-G dialuminum;sodium;heptachloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-] ZSFZQNSWHYVSDP-UHFFFAOYSA-G 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021626 Tin(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052789 astatine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- AXZWODMDQAVCJE-UHFFFAOYSA-L tin(II) chloride (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Sn+2] AXZWODMDQAVCJE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- ZCWZYHKKKJLNOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M aluminum sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[Cl-] ZCWZYHKKKJLNOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 description 10
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910016345 CuSb Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ferrous sulfide Chemical compound [Fe]=S MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- TXNPFKONLYLCNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K [Na].[Al+3].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-] Chemical compound [Na].[Al+3].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-] TXNPFKONLYLCNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000003850 cellular structure Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- RPMPQTVHEJVLCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaaluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3] RPMPQTVHEJVLCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000036647 reaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910021381 transition metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- TXUICONDJPYNPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1,10,13-trimethyl-3-oxo-4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl) heptanoate Chemical compound C1CC2CC(=O)C=C(C)C2(C)C2C1C1CCC(OC(=O)CCCCCC)C1(C)CC2 TXUICONDJPYNPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 FeSb Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 240000005523 Peganum harmala Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001508 alkali metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008045 alkali metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010277 constant-current charging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006069 physical mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008247 solid mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011150 stannous chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001119 stannous chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/36—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34
- H01M10/39—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34 working at high temperature
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/582—Halogenides
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49108—Electric battery cell making
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Primary Cells (AREA)
- Hybrid Cells (AREA)
- Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (1)
- 【特許請求の範囲】 1. 高温再充電可能型の電気化学的電力蓄積セル(10)であって、セパレー タ(14)によって内部がアノード室とカソード室に分割されたセル・ハウジン グ(12)を含み、アノード室は活性アノード材料としてナトリウム(28)を 含み、セパレータはナトリウムイオン伝導性の固体電解質であり、カソード室は 塩化アルミニウムナトリウム溶融塩電解質(30)を含むとともに溶融塩電解質 を含浸させ、その中に分散され固体活性カソード材料を有しかつ導電性を有する 電解液透過性の多孔質マトリックスを含む固体カソード(32)を含み、セル( 10)の作動温度はナトリウム(28)と溶融塩電解質(30)とが融解する温 度であって、その溶融塩電解質(30)は塩化ナトリウムと塩化アルミニウムと の実質的に等モルの混合物を含み、これにおいて、塩化アルミニウムの割合は、 全ての充電状態においてモルベースで最大で50%であり、 活性カソード材料は、Fe,Ni、Cr、Co、Mn、CuおよびMoから成 る群より選択される少なくとも一種の遷移金属を含み、この遷移金属にはAs、 Bi、Sb、Seおよび Teからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種の添加物元素が分散されており、活 性カソード材料中における遷移金属と添加物元素の原子比率は99:1〜30: 70であり、セルが充電された状態においては活性カソード材料は塩素化されて いることを特徴とするセル。 2. 活性カソード材料が単一の遷移金属と単一の添加物元素を含み、活性カソ ード材料中における遷移金属と添加物元素の原子比率が80:20〜50:50 であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のセル。 3. 活性カソード材料が、Fe、NiおよびCuから選ばれる遷移金属と、A s、BiおよびSbから選ばれる添加物元素とを含むことを特徴する請求項1ま たは請求項2に記載のセル。 4. 活性カソード材料が、Ni16Sb、Ni3Sb、Ni5Sb2、Ni7Sb3 、NiSb、NiSb2、NiAs、FeSb、FeSb2、Cu2SbおよびC uSbから選択される少なくとも一つの化合物を含むことを特徴とする請求項3 に記載のセル。 5. 活性カソード材料が単一の遷移金属としてNiを含み、単一の添加物元素 としてSbを含むことを特徴とする請求項3 または請求項4に記載のセル。 6. 活性カソード材料がNiSbおよびNi2Sbから選択されることを特徴 とする請求項4または請求項5に記載のセル。 7. カソード室は、NaBr、NaI、SnCl2、およびそれらの混合物か ら選択されるドーパントを含み、セルが完全に充電された状態ではカソード室は 固体NaClを含み、ドーパントは完全に充電された塩素化された状態での活性 カソード材料の2〜20重量%に相当する割合で存在することを特徴とする請求 項5または請求項6に記載のセル。 8. カソード室は、カソード(32)のマトリックス内に埋め込まれたカソー ド電流コレクタ(22)を含み、このカソード電流コレクタは、ニッケルよりも 貴な金属を含む外表面を有していることを特徴とする請求項5〜7の何れかに記 載のセル。 9. ニッケルよりも貴な金属がモリブデンであることを特徴とする請求項8に 記載のセル。 10. カソード室が、完全に充電され活性な状態の活性カソード材料の2〜1 2重量%に相当する割合で存在するNaFを含むことを特徴とする請求項1〜9 の何れかに記載のセル。 11. カソード室が、完全に充電された状態の活性カソード 材料の0.3〜5重量%に相当するイオウ含有率を有するイオウ含有化合物を含 むことを特徴とする請求項1〜10の何れかに記載のセル。 12. 請求項1に記載の高温再充電可能型電気化学的電力蓄積セル(10)を 製造する方法であって、ナトリウムイオン伝導性の固体電解質であるセパレータ (14)によってセル・ハウジング(12)内においてアノード室から分離され た電気化学的セルのカソード室に、As、Bi、Sb、SeおよびTeから成る 群より選択される少なくとも一種の添加物元素をFe、Ni、Cr、Co、Mn 、CuおよびMoから成る群より選択される少なくとも一種の遷移金属中に混合 ・分散させたものを充填して、遷移金属活性カソード成分と添加物元素活性カソ ード成分とをカソード室内に提供して、遷移金属と添加物元素とを原子比率、9 9:1〜30:70で存在させ、前記成分は、モルベースで最大で50%の割合 で塩化アルミニウムを含む塩化アルミニウムナトリウム溶融塩電解質(30)ま たはこの溶融塩電解質の前駆体とともに前記カソード室に充填されることを特徴 とする方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ZA932406 | 1993-04-02 | ||
ZA932650 | 1993-04-15 | ||
ZA933459 | 1993-05-18 | ||
ZA93/2650 | 1993-12-06 | ||
ZA93/3459 | 1993-12-06 | ||
ZA939121 | 1993-12-06 | ||
ZA93/2406 | 1993-12-06 | ||
ZA93/9121 | 1993-12-06 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH08506928A true JPH08506928A (ja) | 1996-07-23 |
JP2716268B2 JP2716268B2 (ja) | 1998-02-18 |
Family
ID=27506093
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP6521680A Expired - Lifetime JP2716268B2 (ja) | 1993-04-02 | 1994-03-31 | 電気化学セル |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5476733A (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0693228B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2716268B2 (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE157484T1 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU6564294A (ja) |
DE (1) | DE69405220T2 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2107210T3 (ja) |
FR (1) | FR2703513B1 (ja) |
IT (1) | IT1269906B (ja) |
TW (1) | TW254001B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1994023467A2 (ja) |
Cited By (3)
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JP2015530722A (ja) * | 2012-09-28 | 2015-10-15 | セラマテック・インク | 電池の電荷移動機構 |
JP2016100077A (ja) * | 2014-11-18 | 2016-05-30 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | ナトリウム二次電池 |
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AU686091B2 (en) * | 1994-06-08 | 1998-01-29 | Programme 3 Patent Holdings | Electrochemical cell |
GB9512971D0 (en) * | 1995-06-26 | 1995-08-30 | Programme 3 Patent Holdings | Electrochemical cell |
WO1997032351A1 (en) * | 1996-02-29 | 1997-09-04 | Aabh Patent Holdings Societe Anonyme | Electrochemical cell |
WO1997032350A1 (en) * | 1996-02-29 | 1997-09-04 | Aabh Patent Holdings Societe Anonyme | Electrochemical cell |
US5972533A (en) * | 1996-02-29 | 1999-10-26 | Electro Chemical Holdings Societe Anonyme | Electrochemical cell comprising a molten salt electrolyte containing sodium iodide |
JP2000508829A (ja) * | 1997-02-06 | 2000-07-11 | アー・アー・ベー・アツシユ・パテント・ホールデイングス・ソシエテ・アノニム | 電気化学電池 |
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US20080145746A1 (en) * | 2006-12-19 | 2008-06-19 | General Electric Company | Copper-based energy storage device and method |
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US9076996B2 (en) | 2009-07-20 | 2015-07-07 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Liquid metal alloy energy storage device |
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-
1994
- 1994-03-23 IT ITMI940549A patent/IT1269906B/it active IP Right Grant
- 1994-03-28 TW TW083102713A patent/TW254001B/zh active
- 1994-03-31 AT AT94913511T patent/ATE157484T1/de active
- 1994-03-31 JP JP6521680A patent/JP2716268B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-03-31 DE DE69405220T patent/DE69405220T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-03-31 AU AU65642/94A patent/AU6564294A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-03-31 WO PCT/EP1994/001027 patent/WO1994023467A2/en active IP Right Grant
- 1994-03-31 EP EP94913511A patent/EP0693228B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-03-31 ES ES94913511T patent/ES2107210T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-04-01 FR FR9403891A patent/FR2703513B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-11-18 US US08/344,651 patent/US5476733A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR20140135712A (ko) * | 2012-02-24 | 2014-11-26 | 에스케이이노베이션 주식회사 | 나트륨 이차전지 및 나트륨 이차전지의 제조방법 |
JP2015530722A (ja) * | 2012-09-28 | 2015-10-15 | セラマテック・インク | 電池の電荷移動機構 |
JP2016100077A (ja) * | 2014-11-18 | 2016-05-30 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | ナトリウム二次電池 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2107210T3 (es) | 1997-11-16 |
IT1269906B (it) | 1997-04-16 |
FR2703513B1 (fr) | 1995-08-04 |
EP0693228A1 (en) | 1996-01-24 |
WO1994023467A2 (en) | 1994-10-13 |
ITMI940549A1 (it) | 1995-09-23 |
DE69405220T2 (de) | 1998-03-26 |
WO1994023467A3 (en) | 1994-11-24 |
ATE157484T1 (de) | 1997-09-15 |
EP0693228B1 (en) | 1997-08-27 |
TW254001B (ja) | 1995-08-11 |
AU6564294A (en) | 1994-10-24 |
ITMI940549A0 (it) | 1994-03-23 |
DE69405220D1 (de) | 1997-10-02 |
JP2716268B2 (ja) | 1998-02-18 |
US5476733A (en) | 1995-12-19 |
FR2703513A1 (fr) | 1994-10-07 |
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