JPH08303731A - Small size incinerator - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To permit complete combustion at a low temperature without enlarging the occupying volume of an incinerator. CONSTITUTION: This small size incinerator 1 is provided with an incinerating chamber 2, incinerating wastes, a combustion chamber 3, provided above the incinerating chamber 2 to burn unburnt gas generated out of the incinerating chamber 2, a first flue 4, pinched between the ceiling of the incinerating chamber 2 and the floor of the combustion chamber 3, a second flue 5, neighbored to the ceiling of the combustion chamber 3, a third flue 6, neighbored to the wall of the incinerating chamber 2 and communicated with the incinerating chamber 2 as well as the first flue 4, and a fourth flue 7, beighbored to the wall, of the combustion chamber 3 and communicated with the combustion chamber 3 as well as the second flue 5.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a small incinerator. This small incinerator can be suitably used for completely burning medical waste and polymer compounds at low temperatures.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In order to reduce black smoke, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, hydrogen chloride, etc. from waste gas, there is no choice but to completely burn them, and existing incinerators generally try to burn them by the following methods. There is.

That is, what is incinerated in a small incinerator is
The majority are usually solids such as paper, wood chips, plastics, and pieces of cloth. In these combustions, most of the solids are released as gas by thermal decomposition and the gas burns. Most of the components in this gaseous state are hydrocarbons composed of carbon and hydrogen. And, since hydrogen has far better flammability than carbon, if the combustion conditions are not so good, only hydrogen will burn, and unburned carbon will remain and become black smoke. Once unburned carbon is produced, it is difficult to reburn in the same incinerator.

Therefore, in many small incinerators, the incinerator is first burned by the burner in the incinerator, and the unburned gas (mainly carbon gas) generated there is sent to the unburned gas combustion chamber via the flue. It was completely burned by the afterburner. That is, it was equipped with two furnaces. In this case, in order to increase the burning power of the incinerated material or to bring the discharged unburned gas close to complete combustion, a constant temperature (high temperature), mixed air (oxygen) and unburned gas, these three One combustion condition needs to be prepared.

On the other hand, in the incineration of a small incinerator, smokeless incineration at a temperature as low as possible prolongs the life of the furnace, prevents cracking or explosion of the furnace, shortens the replacement time of the incineration material, saves fuel and administers. It is desirable in terms of instruction. In particular, when incinerating infectious medical waste that belongs to specially controlled waste, the guidelines for treating infectious medical waste require that the outlet temperature be set to approximately 800 ° C. before incinerating the waste. Therefore, such special waste is 8
It is desirable to steadily clear the temperature of 00 ° C and then smokelessly incinerate it so that the temperature does not rise as high as possible.

[0006]

However, in order to completely burn the unburned gas generated when incinerating waste in an incinerator in an unburned gas combustion chamber equipped with an afterburner to prevent smoke emission, it is appropriate. It requires clean air and a constant high temperature. Especially, if you try to smokelessly incinerate a large amount of black smoke such as vinyl chloride and synthetic rubber, it is usually 1300.
It seems that it needs a temperature above ℃. (There is a considerable difference depending on the degree of mixing with air.) In addition, high heat energy is often generated when the incinerator itself is burned.

[0007] Infectious waste and the like often cannot be separated or the contents thereof cannot be confirmed because of the risk of infection. For this reason, various miscellaneous wastes including highly flammable materials such as solvents are mixed, and the wastes that are strictly sealed in plastic containers and forbidden to open are to be smokelessly incinerated. At times, it is not uncommon for the temperature to exceed 1500 ° C. and approach 2000 ° C., resulting in an abnormally high temperature that may cause explosion.

However, in the conventional small incinerator, the space where air and unburned gas are mixed,
The length of the flue is limited. Further, if these facilities are separately provided, the temperature of the unburned gas mixed with the air is lowered, and the unburned gas is likely to be incompletely burned in the combustion chamber, which causes black smoke.

Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a small incinerator which enables complete combustion at a low temperature without increasing the occupied volume of the furnace.

[0010]

In order to achieve the object, a small-sized incinerator according to the present invention is provided with an incinerator for incinerating waste and an unburned gas generated from the incinerator provided above the incinerator. It is characterized by including a combustion chamber for burning gas and a flue (hereinafter, referred to as “first flue”) sandwiched between the ceiling of the incinerator and the floor of the combustion chamber.

In this small incinerator, it is preferable to provide a second flue adjacent to the ceiling of the combustion chamber. More preferred is a third flue adjacent to the wall of the incinerator and in communication with the incinerator and the first flue, and adjacent to the wall of the combustion chamber and in communication with the combustion chamber and the second flue. It is equipped with a fourth flue. Most preferably, the third flue and the fourth flue are divided by vertical partitions that intersect the walls of the incinerator and combustion chamber, respectively, and the unburned gas is in the third flue and the third flue. It is designed to reciprocate up and down in the flue through a partition. Protrusions may be provided in the third flue and the fourth flue.

[0012]

The smokeless combustion is achieved by satisfying the following three conditions. <Air> In a small incinerator, there is usually a large amount of air, so one of the decisive factors for preventing soot (black smoke) is to mix both well. Combustible gas mixed well with air has a high burning velocity and a short flame. Conversely, flames that do not mix well with air will be longer. When the flame becomes longer, the flame surface is radiatively cooled and only hydrogen with good flammability burns, leaving carbon with poor flammability as black smoke. Furthermore, when the flame becomes long, it hits the furnace wall and is cooled, and black smoke is generated.

<Temperature> If the temperature in the combustion chamber is kept above a certain level, the generation of soot can be prevented. The combustion chamber temperature is generated by the combustion of pyrolysis gas, but since the gas generation due to pyrolysis is not constant, the combustion also fluctuates accordingly. Therefore, the temperature in the combustion chamber also fluctuates remarkably, and when the temperature drops temporarily, a part of the gas is incompletely burned to generate soot. However, if the combustion becomes violent and the temperature inside the furnace rises, the generation of soot will gradually disappear.

<Time> If the gas and air stay in the combustion chamber for a certain period of time, no soot is generated. This is the time required to get a good mix of gas and air and to raise their temperature. Normally, air is introduced directly from the outside of the furnace, but since it has a cooling effect on the flame surface for flames, it often causes soot and smoke. Therefore, it is necessary to have a structure in which the temperature of the combustion gas is not lowered as much as possible in the combustion chamber or the flue and the residence time is such that the air and the gas are sufficiently mixed.

In the small incinerator according to the present invention, the space between the ceiling of the incinerator and the floor of the combustion chamber is used as the flue, so that the heat of the incinerator and the combustion chamber is conducted through the ceiling and floor to produce smoke. Supplied on the road. Therefore, the temperature of the flue rises without supplying new heat energy from outside the furnace, and the above temperature condition is satisfied.

If the second flue adjacent to the ceiling of the combustion chamber is provided, the unburned gas remaining in the combustion chamber is completely burned. If a third flue is provided as described above, the unburned gas will be mixed with the air in the third flue for a sufficient amount of time before being sent to the first flue and in the incinerator. It is preheated by the heat transferred from the incinerator through the walls, so spontaneous combustion occurs in the first flue. Also with a fourth flue, the remaining unburned gas is mixed with air in the fourth flue for a sufficient time before being sent to the second flue, and the walls of the combustion chamber are It is preheated by the heat transferred from the combustion chamber via the so that spontaneous combustion occurs in the second flue.

The third flue and the fourth flue are divided by vertical partitions that intersect the walls of the incinerator and the combustion chamber, respectively, and the unburned gas is in the third flue and the fourth flue. If you are going to reciprocate vertically through the partition in the flue,
Furthermore, the mixing time with air and the preheating time become longer,
Meets the conditions.

[0018]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A small incinerator according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a framework of a small incinerator, and FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing the small incinerator.

The small incinerator 1 comprises an incineration chamber 2 for incinerating waste, a combustion chamber 3 provided above the incineration chamber 2 for burning unburned gas generated from the incineration chamber 2, and an incineration chamber 2. The first flue 4 sandwiched between the ceiling and the floor of the combustion chamber 3, the second flue 5 adjacent to the ceiling of the combustion chamber 3, and the wall of the incineration chamber 2 adjacent to the incineration chamber 2 and the first flue. A third flue 6 communicating with 4 and a fourth flue 7 adjacent to the wall of the combustion chamber 3 and communicating with the combustion chamber 3 and the second flue.

A main burner 21 and an afterburner 31 are fixed to one side surface of the incineration chamber 2 and the combustion chamber 3, respectively. Further, the temperature sensors 22 and 32 and the air intake ports 23 and 33 are arranged in parallel near each burner. The temperature sensors 22 and 32 are connected to a controller 8 provided on the opposite side of the incineration chamber 2 to send a temperature signal.

The third flue 6 and the fourth flue 7 are divided by vertical partitions 61 and 71 which intersect the respective walls of the incineration chamber 2 and the combustion chamber 3, respectively, and unburned gas is contained in the third flue. In the fourth flue, it reciprocates in the vertical direction via partitions 61 and 71.

The inner and outer surfaces of the incineration chamber 2, the combustion chamber 3 and the flues 4 to 7 are made of a heat resistant material. A chimney 9 that communicates with the second flue and the outside air is provided above the second flue. When incinerating waste using this small incinerator, follow the procedure below.

(1) The door 24 (not shown in FIG. 1) on the rear surface of the incineration chamber 2 is opened and the incinerator is put into the incineration chamber 2. Incineration room 2
The upper limit of the combustion temperature inside and inside the combustion chamber 3 is controlled within 1000 ° C. That is, the temperature sensors 22 and 32 are 10
When the temperature of 00 ° C. is detected, the fuel in each burner 21, 31 is temporarily stopped and only the air is blown. Meanwhile, the combusted material burns with residual heat. When the furnace temperature gradually drops and reaches a temperature that has been arbitrarily set to the minimum temperature without black smoke in advance, the burner 2 is restarted.
1,31 ignite and burn up to 1000 ° C (set temperature 800 ° C for infectious medical waste) and stop. This is repeated sequentially.

(2) The unburned gas flows into the third flue 6 through the hole 25 provided near the ceiling of the incinerator 2. The unburned gas descends in the space on the other side of the partition 61 and, when reaching the lower end, passes through the hole 62 of the partition 61 and rises in the space on the front side. During that time, the unburned gas is constantly in contact with the wall surface of the incineration chamber 2. As described above, the temperature of the unburned gas passing through the third flue that widely uses the wall surface of the incinerator 2 is immediately increased by the radiant heat of the incinerator 2. Third flue 6 due to circumstances
By appropriately arranging protrusions (not shown) inside, the unburned gas and the air can be easily mixed, and the gas path is bent so that they are sufficiently mixed and the residence time for raising the temperature is increased. give.

(3) The unburned gas, which has been sufficiently mixed with air and heated, passes through the hole 62 at the upper end of the third flue and eventually is sandwiched between the incineration chamber 2 ceiling and the combustion chamber 3 floor. Reach 4. This place is a high temperature part where the radiant heat of the two furnaces, that is, the incineration chamber 2 and the combustion chamber 3 overlap, and is almost comparable to the temperature inside the furnace.
Therefore, of all the flues, the unburned gas is now spontaneously ignited here, with continuous combustion occurring. While burning, it flows into the combustion chamber 3 through the hole 34 above the end opposite to the third flue 6, and the combustion is further promoted by the afterburner 31. Combustion chamber 3
The smoke-free exhaust gas passes through the hole 35 provided in the vicinity of the ceiling of the combustion chamber 3 and enters the fourth flue 7 having the same structure as the third flue 6, and the same procedure as (2) is sufficient. Mix and heat up.

(4) Subsequently, the exhaust gas, which is sufficiently mixed and heated, passes through the second flue at the high temperature portion on the back surface of the ceiling of the combustion chamber 3. At this time, if carbon (black smoke) remains in the exhaust gas, spontaneous combustion will occur again and combustion will occur. Thus, the gas discharged from the chimney 9 is made smokeless and odorless.

According to the small incinerator of this embodiment, the radiative conduction heat from the incinerator or the combustion chamber is used as the heat energy of the flue, so that the flue does not have to be supplied with heat energy from the outside. Is heated. Therefore, even if the temperature of the incineration chamber and the combustion chamber itself does not exceed 1000 ° C., complete combustion can be achieved. Therefore, a great effect is produced as follows.

(1) There is a margin in the allowable temperature of the furnace material, and the life of the furnace is greatly extended. (2) Since the set temperature is low, there is no risk of cracking or explosion, which is safe. Further, there is little formation of clinker that vitrifies and ejects the furnace material during high temperature combustion. Therefore, the maintenance management of the furnace material becomes easy and the maintenance cost becomes low. (3) Since the cooling time is shortened, the waiting time for inputting the next incinerated material can be reduced. As a result, the number of incineration operations per day will increase. (4) It does not require a burner with high heat energy and the product price is lower than before. Similarly, fuel consumption can be greatly saved. (5) There is no need to separate the incinerated waste, and it can be widely used for multiple purposes.

[0029]

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY As described above, in the small incinerator of the present invention, the flues are brought close to the incinerator and the combustion chamber, and the heat in each of these chambers is efficiently used for the flue. The waste can be completely combusted at low temperature without increasing the occupied volume.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a framework of a small incinerator according to an embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the small incinerator.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 small incinerator 2 incinerator 3 combustion chamber 4 first flue 5 second flue 6 third flue 7 fourth flue 8 controller 9 chimney

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code Internal reference number FI Technical display location F23G 5/50 ZAB F23G 5/50 ZABH ZABJ

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. An incineration chamber for incinerating waste, a combustion chamber provided above the incineration chamber for burning unburned gas generated from the incineration chamber, a ceiling of the incineration chamber, and a floor of the combustion chamber. A small incinerator characterized by having a flue (hereinafter referred to as the "first flue"). 2. The miniature incinerator according to claim 1, further comprising a second flue adjacent to the ceiling of the combustion chamber. 3. A third flue adjacent to the wall of the incinerator and in communication with the incinerator and the first flue, and adjacent to the wall of the combustion chamber and in communication with the combustion chamber and the second flue. The small incinerator according to claim 2, further comprising a fourth flue. 4. The third flue and the fourth flue are divided by vertical partitions that intersect the respective walls of the incinerator and the combustion chamber, and unburned gas is contained in the third flue and the third flue. The small incinerator according to claim 3, wherein the small incinerator is configured to reciprocate in the vertical direction through a partition in the fourth flue. 5. The small incinerator according to claim 3, wherein projections are provided in the third flue and the fourth flue.