JP2001304519A - Vertical refuse incinerator for incinerating industrial waste - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an economical vertical refuse incinerator for incinerating industrial waste in which glass is prevented from being welded to the lower part of the incineraotr and an operation stop due to clinker is avoided by stably incinerating the industrial waste having different properties and completely thermally decomposing dioxin. SOLUTION: On the upper part of an incinerator main body 1, exhaust gas mixing means 51 are provided. A plurality of combustion gas turning secondary air nozzles 24 are provided in aflame layer t in the upper part of the incinerator main body 1. Further, the outer surface of the intermediate part to the lower part of the incinerator main body 1 including the flame layer t, a refuse layer u and an ember combustion layer v and an ash layer g formed from its upper part is cooled by a cooling casing comprising an air-cooled jacket 34 and a water-cooled jacket 35.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a vertical incinerator for incinerating industrial waste including medical waste.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Industrial wastes not only contain many harmful substances, but also contain high calorific substances, flame-retardant substances or non-combustible substances, as well as solids, powders, liquids, viscous substances and their properties. Due to the wide variety of refuse, complete incineration of such industrial waste has been extremely difficult with the fixed batch combustion type incinerators used in the past.

[0003] In particular, rotary kilns, which are widely used for incineration of medical waste containing dangerous infectious substances including pathogenic viruses and easily meltable substances such as glass, which have a large variation in waste quality, or Incliners with inclined rotary hearths or horizontal rotary hearths with stirring means
In each case, the waste is turned and agitated and burned, so that only flammable materials burn first, leaving incombustible materials that remain unburned, making complete incineration and sterilization impossible. In addition, there is a defect that the glass melts and adheres to the furnace outlet, making it impossible to continue the operation.

FIG. 5 shows a solution to these problems.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a vertical side view which shows the outline of "vertical incinerator and its incineration method" disclosed by Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 4-158110.

In FIG. 5, a combustion gas discharge port b is provided at the top of an incinerator main body a, and a hopper c having a feeder is provided at the top.
And a burner d for ignition, a garbage support plate e, e that can come and go, is provided below the incinerator main body a, and an incineration ash discharge plate f, f, which can be opened and closed, is provided at the bottom.

The refuse support plates e, e are normally disposed in a state of being buried from the incinerator main body a as shown in the figure, and only when the incineration ash discharge plates f, f are opened to discharge the incineration ash.
As shown by a dashed line in the figure, it projects above the ash layer g, and supports the load of the refuse above the refuse support plates e and e and the burned incineration ash.

On both sides of the incinerator main body a where the dust support plates e and e are located, the dust support plates e and e are accommodated when the dust support plates e and e are submerged from the inside of the incinerator main body a. Storage rooms h, h are provided.

Cooling air i at room temperature is supplied to the storage chambers h, h. The cooling air i is supplied from gaps j, j formed between the incinerator body a and the storage chambers h, h. The dust is blown into the incinerator main body a to cool the refuse support plates e and e, and the incineration ash in the incinerator main body a is prevented from entering the storage chambers h and h through the gaps j and j. .

The incineration ash discharge plates f, f are provided at the bottom of the incinerator body a so as to be openable and closable from a horizontal position to a vertical position indicated by a dashed line. After the ash layers g in the lower part of the incinerator main body a are supported from the upper layer by the refuse support plates e and e, the incinerated ash is turned down by turning the incinerated ash discharge plates f and f downward. Can be discharged to the ash discharge device k provided below the ash discharge device.

That is, the waste support plates e, e are provided to assist the incineration ash discharge by the incineration ash discharge plates f, f.

Further, combustion air m, n, and p whose temperature has been adjusted are supplied to upper, middle, and lower portions of the incinerator main body a through dampers q, r, and s, respectively. These combustion airs m, n, and p are adjusted to optimal temperatures according to the quality of the refuse.

An ignition burner d installed on the side of the incinerator main body a opposite to the hopper c is used for igniting dust at the start of operation or assisting combustion when the temperature in the furnace is lowered.

Next, a description will be given of a method of incinerating refuse using the vertical incinerator thus constructed.

Here, the incinerator body a during normal operation
Inside, although the position moves depending on the burning state of the garbage,
From above, a flame layer t, a refuse layer u, a combustion layer v, and an ash layer g are formed.

The refuse supplied from the hopper c into the incinerator main body a is deposited on the ash layer g at the bottom of the incinerator main body a at the start of operation, and is heated by the ignition burner d to generate combustion air m, The fuel starts burning by n and is incinerated from flammable refuse to become ash.

If the refuse is supplied in this state, the refuse is deposited on the refuse layer u, ignited by the heat of the primary combustion layer v and the combustion air m, and the combustion gradually spreads over the entire refuse layer u. Move to

During this combustion, the combustion gas w generated in the lower layer of the primary combustion layer v and the lower layer of the refuse layer u passes through the refuse layer u and rises, and the heat promotes the ignition and gasification of the upper refuse. At the same time, dry the garbage.

Further, the combustion gas w rising to the flame layer t
Is recombusted by the secondary air x at normal temperature supplied to the upper portion, and then discharged from the combustion gas outlet b as exhaust gas to the next step.

The radiant heat at the time of combustion in the flame layer t performs pre-drying of the refuse introduced into the refuse layer u, and promotes burning of paper or plastic having a low ignition point to become a fire.

When the combustion of the incineration ash is completed, at this stage, the refuse support plates e, e are protruded above the ash layer g in the incinerator body a, and the refuse layer located above the refuse support plates e, e. u, the combustion layer v, and the ash layer g.

At the time of projecting, since the combustion of the refuse is completed at the positions of the refuse support plates e and e, the resistance due to the refuse is small and the refuse support plates e and e can protrude smoothly.

After the refuse support plates e, e are thus protruded, the combustion ash discharge plates f, f are turned downward, and the incineration ash below the refuse support plates e, e falls into the ash discharge device k. Let it.

After the incineration ash is discharged, the incineration ash discharge plates f, f are returned upward, and the refuse support plates e, e are then moved to the incinerator main body a.
From the inside into the storage chambers h, h, and the remaining incineration ash above the refuse support plates e, e and the incineration residue of the main combustion layer v are dropped onto the bottom incineration ash discharge plates f, f. And the refuse layer u is also sequentially dropped.

The shock at the time of the drop not only improves the air permeability of the ash layer g, but also the ash layer g and the garbage layer u.
Since the lump of the unburned matter is collapsed, the air permeability of the entire layer is improved, and the air passes through the lump. For this reason, when the high-temperature combustion air n, p is supplied, the unburned matter in the combustion ash easily burns due to the remaining fire.

[0025]

However, in the conventional vertical incinerator shown in FIG. 5, dioxins cannot be completely thermally decomposed because the secondary combustion in the flame layer t is not complete. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the volumes of the incinerator main body a and the subsequent reburning chamber (not shown) to extend the residence time of the combustion gas w, resulting in an increase in equipment costs.

In the case of medical waste, not only complete combustion and sterilization is difficult due to the diversification of waste quality, but also
Glasses such as syringes, test tubes and bottles contained in large quantities soften and melt at 400-700 ° C, and clinker due to partial combustion of high calorific substances such as plastics such as styrofoam and papers and fibers. As a result, blockage accidents occurred frequently in the vicinity of the main combustion layer u below the incinerator main body a, hindering the lowering of upper refuse and incineration ash, and the operation for removing the refuse and ash was frequently stopped.

[0027]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a vertical waste incinerator for incinerating industrial waste, which is a vertical waste incinerator for incinerating industrial waste including medical waste. A flame layer, a refuse layer, a combustion layer, and an ash layer are formed from above in the furnace body, and a plurality of secondary air nozzles for swirling combustion gas are arranged in the flame layer above the incinerator body. A plurality of primary air nozzles for combustion are arranged in the garbage layer, the combustion layer, and the ash layer, while the outside of the sidewalls of the combustion layer and the ash layer are covered with a cooling casing, and below the ash layer, An incineration ash discharge mechanism comprising a retractable garbage support plate and an openable and closable incineration ash discharge plate is vertically provided, and a reburning chamber and an air preheater are provided above the incinerator main body via an exhaust gas mixing means. Is placed.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a vertical incinerator for incineration of industrial waste, wherein the incineration ash discharge mechanism is inverted from a horizontal position at the time of incineration ash deposition to a vertical position at the time of discharge. It becomes.

[0029]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a vertical waste incinerator for industrial waste incineration according to the present invention, and FIG.
Fig. 3 is a partially broken plan view showing the situation near the combustion device at the bottom of the vertical waste incinerator, and Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the combustion situation in the vertical waste incinerator. The same members as those described with reference to FIG. 5 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description will be omitted.

In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a cylindrical portion V and a funnel portion F.
And an upper refractory 11 and a lower refractory 12, and an upper refractory 11 and a lower refractory 1
2 is constructed by a steel material 13 surrounding the same.

The flame layer t in the cylindrical portion V in the upper half of the incinerator body 1 is provided with an input opening 21 for garbage R on its side with an openable and closable input damper 22, and an upper refractory. A plurality of combustion gas swirling secondary air nozzles 24 for feeding secondary air 23 at normal temperature and a flame layer for supplying ignition air burners d and combustion gas w and performing secondary combustion on the side wall of the object 11. In addition to a water injection nozzle 25 that is injected when the temperature rises excessively, and a harmful liquid spray evaporation processing unit including a waste liquid spray nozzle 26 and a garbage wastewater spray nozzle 27, a temperature detector (not shown), a furnace monitoring camera, and the like are provided. It is arranged.

From the middle part of the incinerator body 1 onward, it is narrowed down in a funnel shape in order to thicken the waste layer and to level out waste materials having different properties. Although the position fluctuates, the refuse layer u, the auxiliary combustion layer v, and the ash layer g formed in the funnel portion F include a plurality of primary combustion air sources that supply high-temperature combustion air 31a to 31c to the above-described layers. Air nozzles 32a to 32c are appropriately disposed with dampers 33a to 33c and a plurality of temperature detectors (not shown).

The outer surface below the upper corner portion 14 of the lower refractory 12 constituting the side wall of the funnel portion F is cooled by, for example, a cooling casing divided into an air cooling jacket 34 at an upper portion and a water cooling jacket 35 at a lower portion. Each of the combustion layer v and the ash layer g has a plurality of level measurement detection seats 36.
Is provided.

At the bottom of the incinerator main body 1, for example, as shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of comb-shaped support rods 41 are attached to a mounting frame 42 so as to facilitate the projecting and retracting operation. The incineration ash discharge plates f, f, which can be opened and closed via a space G (see FIG. 1), are disposed below the refuse support plates 4, 4 with support plate driving means 43. It is provided with discharge plate driving means 45, 45.

The above-mentioned refuse support plates 4 and 4 and the incineration ash discharge plates f and f are built in a casing 47, and the casing 47 has a high temperature combustion air 31d adjusted by a damper 32d on its side surface. The primary air supply duct 46 to be supplied is connected, and the lower part is inserted into the ash discharge device k.

The above-mentioned refuse support plates 4 and 4 and support plate drive means 43, incineration ash discharge plates f and f, and discharge plate drive means 45 and 4
5, and a primary air inlet duct 46 and a casing 47 constitute an incineration ash discharge mechanism D.

On the other hand, on the incinerator main body 1, the combustion gas w which has started rotating by the air injection from the combustion gas swirling secondary air nozzle 24 is swirled more reliably.
A reburning chamber 52 is mounted via a refractory exhaust gas mixing means 51 constructed by inclining a gas passage, and a reburning burner 53 is provided on a side wall of the reburning chamber 52, and a ceiling thereof is provided. An air preheater 54 is disposed in the section, and is connected to a gas cooling chamber (not shown).

The outside of the incinerator main body 1 and the reburning chamber 52 is subjected to heat insulation using a heat insulation material (not shown).

Next, the combustion state of industrial waste in the vertical waste incinerator for industrial waste incineration constituted as described above will be described mainly with reference to FIG. 3 and, if necessary, with reference to FIG.

Incidentally, the flame layer t, the refuse layer u, and the combustion layer v
The state of formation of the ash layer g and the combustion state up to the transition to the normal operation state and the operation of discharging the incineration ash A are the same as those in the above-described conventional technology, and therefore, detailed description is omitted.

In the normal operation state, in the refuse layer u, the radiant heat due to the secondary combustion of the unburned gas 61 described later in the flame layer t is applied to the surface of the refuse layer u by the exhaust gas mixing means 51 and from the inside. Represents the supply of combustion air 31a at 200 to 250 ° C. and the unburned gas 61 rising from the combustion layer v.
By heating, high-calorific flammable substances such as plastics, paper, and fibers are ignited and gasified and burnt. The unburned gas 61 is generated together with the flammable substances described above.

At this time, since the outside of the lower refractory 12 is gradually cooled by the air cooling jacket 34 cooled by the cooling air 62, the surface temperature of the lower refractory 12 can be maintained at about 700 ° C. or less, and the funnel The combustion in the portion F is not hindered, and the clinker welding due to the partial combustion of the flammable material is prevented (see FIG. 1).

The combustion layer v receives the unburned carbides and flame retardants that could not be burned in the refuse layer u by supplying hot air rising from the ash layer g described later and the combustion air 31b and 31c.
It is a part that burns over time, and generates unburned gas 61 by the combustion. At this time, the surface temperature of the lower refractory 12 is set to the water cooling jacket 35 cooled by the cooling water 63.
Due to the cooling effect of the above, the temperature is limited to 400 to 500 ° C., thereby preventing the glass melt from being welded and solidified (see FIG. 1).

The ash layer g is composed of the combustion airs 31c and 31d.
And burns out the remaining unburned carbides to form incineration ash A, and cools the incineration ash A to supply hot air to the upper combustion layer v. Of the incinerated ash A is cooled to about 300 ° C. by the ventilation of the combustion air 31d and the water-cooling jacket 35, and the incineration ash A is supplied to the ash discharge device k by the operation of the refuse support plates e, e and the incinerated ash discharge plates f, f. Stays until discharged.

If the temperature of the flame layer t rises excessively during the above operation, the cooling water 64 is sprayed from the water injection nozzle 25 into the flame layer t and the secondary air 23 is adjusted to stabilize the temperature. .

Further, during a time period when the operation state is stable, the waste liquid to be treated is sprayed from the waste liquid spray nozzle 26 and the waste sewage is sprayed from the waste sewage spray nozzle 27 into the flame layer t to evaporate and burn.

On the other hand, in the above-described normal operation state, the high-temperature unburned gas 61 generated in the lower layer of the primary combustion layer v and the lower layer of the refuse layer u passes through the lower layer of the refuse layer u, rises, and is heated by the heat. Promote the ignition and gasification of garbage,
Is dried, and the above-mentioned natural gas 61 which has risen to the flame layer t is dried.
Is secondary-combusted by the normal-temperature secondary air 23 supplied to the upper part of the flame layer t to become a combustion gas w, and is swirled to extend the residence time in the flame layer t. Reburning for the main purpose of thermal decomposition of dioxins is sufficiently performed.

Thereafter, by further passing through the exhaust gas mixing means 51, the motion of the combustion gas w enters the reburning chamber 52 as a rotating motion, and the residence time is extended by effectively utilizing the volume of the reburning chamber due to the swirling motion. And the dioxins remaining due to the flame irradiation of the reburn burner 53 become a completely thermally decomposed reburn gas 65, which becomes an exhaust gas 66 which has passed through the air preheater 54 and cooled down, and is not shown in the next step. It is sent to the gas cooling chamber.

The cooling casing is an air-cooled jacket 3
Although the description has been given of the combination of the water cooling jacket 35 and the water cooling jacket 35, the combination and the cooling medium are not limited.

Also, the refuse support plates 4 and 4 have been described as being provided with comb-shaped support rods, and the incineration ash discharge plates f and f have a flat plate structure, but the incineration ash support / discharge operation is easy. If so, any shape may be used, and the incineration ash discharge plates f, f may be provided with ventilation holes for passing the combustion air 31d.

Further, the exhaust gas mixing means 51 is made of only a refractory, but a method of cooling the inside by air may be adopted.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing a schematic structure of an incineration ash discharging mechanism in a vertical waste incinerator for industrial waste incineration according to the second aspect.

As the incineration ash discharging mechanism, an inclined inverted grate 7 is employed. Instead of the combination of the refuse support plates 4 and 4 and the incineration ash discharge plates f and f described above, the inclined inverted grate 7 is moved from the horizontal position indicated by the solid line to the inverted position indicated by the two-dot chain line by the grate driving means 71. , Turnable grate 7
When the combustion of the incineration ash A deposited on the grate 72 at the horizontal position is completed, the incineration ash A is turned to the vertical position and only a part of the incineration ash A is discharged as shown in the figure. Is configured.

[0055]

As described above, the vertical waste incinerator for industrial waste incineration of the present invention employs a method of vertically stacking and incinerating waste in a thick manner. Not only can large wastes be stably incinerated, but the volume of the flame layer t and the reburning chamber can be used effectively by using the exhaust gas mixing means and the secondary air nozzle for circulating the combustion gas. Equipment costs can be reduced, and the generation of dioxins can be prevented.

Further, by cooling the outside of the lower refractory, which forms the side wall of the primary combustion layer and the ash layer, with a cooling casing, the incineration ash is cooled without obstructing the combustion in the incinerator main body, and clinker generation occurs. And glass can be prevented from welding.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a vertical waste incinerator for industrial waste incineration according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a partially broken plan view showing the situation near the combustion device at the bottom of a vertical waste incinerator for industrial waste incineration.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a combustion state in a vertical waste incinerator for incineration of industrial waste.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing a schematic structure of an incineration ash discharging mechanism in the vertical waste incinerator for industrial waste incineration according to the second embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional view showing a conventional vertical incinerator.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Incinerator main body 24 Secondary air nozzle for combustion gas swirling 32a-c Primary air nozzle for combustion 34 Air cooling jacket (cooling casing) 35 Water cooling jacket (cooling casing) 4 Garbage support plate 51 Exhaust gas mixing means 52 Reburning chamber D Incineration Ash discharge mechanism f Incineration ash discharge plate g Ash layer t Flame layer u Garbage layer v Other combustion layer

Continued on the front page F term (reference) 3K061 AA16 AB01 AC01 AC02 AC13 AC19 AC20 DA13 DA19 DB02 DB11 DB12 DB16 DB19 DB20 ND03 ND12 ND15 ND16 ND17 ND18 3K078 BA03 CA03 CA07 CA09 CA12 CA21

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A vertical incinerator for incinerating industrial waste including medical waste, wherein a flame layer, a waste layer, a combustion layer, and an ash layer are formed from above in the incinerator body. A plurality of secondary air nozzles for swirling combustion gas are arranged in the flame layer above the incinerator body, and a plurality of primary air nozzles for combustion are arranged in the garbage layer, the remaining combustion layer and the ash layer. On the other hand, the outside of the side wall of each combustion layer and ash layer is covered with a cooling casing, and below the ash layer, an incineration ash discharge mechanism consisting of a garbage support plate that can come and go A vertical waste incinerator for incineration of industrial waste, wherein a reburning chamber and an air preheater are mounted above the incinerator body via an exhaust gas mixing means. 2. The vertical incinerator for industrial waste incineration according to claim 1, wherein the incineration ash discharging mechanism comprises a tilted inverted grate which is inverted from a horizontal position at the time of depositing the incinerated ash to a vertical position at the time of discharging.