JPH08280201A - Method of forming uniform soil layer in paddy field and working machine suitable for this operation - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To form uniform crop fields from the crop-growing point of view by forming not only the surface of crop fields but also the plow pan horizontally. CONSTITUTION: A beam receptor which receives the light beam horizontally projected to detect the height of the working machine from the horizontal light beam as a standard line is mounted to the bottom working machine 10 and the leveling machine each to always monitor the deviation from the standard line and control the attitude of the working machines. Particularly, the attitudes of the bottom working machine 10 and leveling machine are improved to give ideal crop fields and increase the crop yield.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for forming a uniform soil layer in a field and a working machine suitable for this work, and more particularly, to a field such as a paddy field or a field having a uniform soil environment. And a working machine suitable for creating such an environment.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art First, the background of the present invention cannot be explained without considering the current situation of Japanese agriculture. Therefore, the actual situation of Japanese agriculture will be explained. The environment surrounding Japan's agriculture has long held the position that self-sufficiency is essential due to the need for food security, but due to changes in the international trade environment, that position began to break down, and the Uruguay Round signed this year. With the above arrangement, the minimum import amount of rice has become obligatory while increasing the number of rice imports every year, and it is inevitable that the agricultural policy will continue to change after the war. The anti-reduction policy that continued until 1992 had to be reviewed due to an unprecedented bad harvest last year (1993). First, the anti-reduction policy of 670,000 hectares was relaxed to 600,000 hectares.
It is still new to us that a policy aimed at increasing production by 400,000 tons has been announced.

However, the partial import of rice has finally begun, and furthermore, foreign rice that has been urgently imported this year by the spring of 1994 has become a large inventory, and the
Given that nearly two million tons of inventories will be produced in a month, the reality is that it is inevitable that the policy will be changed to strengthening the reduction policy again within half a year from the planning. However,
Even if the rice surplus phenomenon occurs, the international commitment of minimum access must be implemented, and the amount of imports cannot be suppressed. Japan's agricultural policy is trying to overcome this. This is no-policies (measures) rather than agricultural politics, and is a cat-eye policy. To put it in an extreme way, if rice is left over, rice production will be suppressed, and if there is not enough rice, rice production will be encouraged. Amateur policy is adopted. If rice is scarce, incentives will be scattered, and if there is excess rice, it will only be used to settle fallows.In any case, since these policies are operated by large subsidies, many producers Lost their willingness to work and Japanese agriculture fell into an industry with no future potential, resulting in the number of new employees falling below 2,000 every year, and the survival of the agricultural sector as an industry with no successor. It is being driven into a situation of concern. The responsibility for falling into such a situation lies with the development of consciousness and the farmers without reform, but the person in charge of formulating agricultural policies and executing agricultural affairs also has a great responsibility. Most of these agricultural policy makings are based on desk logic and are decided by bureaucrats who do not understand the actual state of agriculture in Japan. The reduction policy and the conversion policy can be easily decided, and the conversion from “field” to “field” can be done simply by adding “fire” to the word “field”.
It seems that it is considered to be converted to.

However, the conversion work from rice fields to fields is
It is not a simple task of adding a "fire" to the character of "ta", it is extremely difficult, and it is not possible to think like it is on a desk. Since it is extremely difficult to convert the once converted fields into paddy fields, it is necessary to carefully perform the conversion work.

By the way, even if a paddy field is converted into upland cultivation, the conversion itself is not a simple task, and it cannot be converted into a field suitable for upland cultivation unless the soil structure is fully recognized. Generally, a cross-sectional structure of a field suitable for upland cultivation is composed of a soil layer on the outermost surface, a cultivator layer underneath it, and a subsoil layer that does not allow moisture to pass underneath. ing. For the growth of crops, it is ideal that the soil layer always contains a proper amount of water and air, and that it has sufficient depth.

It is not difficult to imagine that the conversion work from paddy fields to upland fields, which is carried out by the rice reduction policy, has many problems, and upland crops, unlike rice fields, suffer a great deal of damage when flooded, so they were converted. Upland fields must have a structure that can reliably remove surface water from the soil. However, in paddy fields, especially in heavily soiled paddy fields, trampling due to the use of large tractors and soil subsidence solidified due to excessive scratching, resulting in poor soil physical properties such as breathability, water permeability, and water retention. In addition, by rotary cultivation that is repeated every year,
Forming a difference in tillage depth and making a good growth condition. Therefore, top-dressing is locally applied to make the growth uniform, but the results are suspicious.

Even if a culvert is provided below the cultivator bed layer, if there is a large amount of rainfall, the soil layer on the surface of the ground will have stagnant water and become over-humidified, resulting in a so-called mud state. On the contrary, if there is no rainfall for a long period of time, the cultivating layer blocks the uptake of water from the soil layer to the lower layer, and only the soil layer becomes dry, causing so-called drought. There is.

Therefore, when the above-mentioned paddy field is converted into a field field, the cultivating layer, which has poor water permeability and water retention, is destroyed, and the subsoil layer below it is in a softened state. By improving the air permeability and water permeability of the soil, the depth of the cropping layer is desirable for the field crop, for example, 20 to 3
It is necessary to make it 0 cm or more.

From such a point of view, conventionally, in order to convert a paddy field into a field field, a depth of 50 to 60 cm is destroyed with a subsoil crusher and the subsoil layer is expanded and softened. After that, a method of plowing and reversing the soil with a plow, or a method of plowing and reversing the soil and plow layers together with a subsoil plowing and puffing the subsoil layer is adopted.

Also, in order to improve the removal of surface water from the soil layer, the trencher is perpendicular to the existing underdrain and has a depth of 50 cm.
Dig a groove of ~ 60cm, put the chaff into the groove manually,
Methods are also being used to improve the permeability of fields. In addition, a rice husk insertion hopper is attached to the upper part of the bullet culvert excavator, and by combination with a blower driven by the PTO of the tractor, the rice husk inside the hopper is forcibly blown into the bullet culvert's post passing through groove to fill the chaff filling bullet. An underdrain construction machine is also known.

These are for survival of Japanese agriculture by converting paddy fields into upland fields, but it is also necessary to activate paddy agriculture in order to activate and survive Japanese agriculture. There is no place.

[0012]

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] In order to activate paddy field agriculture, a large-scale field is economically necessary, and in addition to labor saving work, it is necessary to increase the yield per unit area. However, although the level of labor saving has been improved to some extent by the mechanization of work, it is extremely difficult to improve the yield per unit area. In particular, it is extremely difficult to expect a uniform crop in a large-scale field, and if this is not overcome, the scale will increase, but the yield could not be expanded so much. Therefore, if uniform crops can be expected over the entire field, revitalization of Japanese agriculture is not a dream, together with the improvement of work efficiency through scale expansion. Therefore, the present invention is not only a national policy to increase the scale of paddy fields, but it is also possible to obtain high yields by equalizing the soil-growing environment over the entire field and to sufficiently compete against international competition in terms of cost. The purpose is. Originally, improving the environment of the paddy field means improving permeability and drainage,
It is to stop excessive scratching that can promote respiratory failure in crops. However, in reality, although he does not prefer oversubscription work, there are timing restrictions in supplying water to paddy fields, and the growth of seedlings cannot suppress this. In order to level the surface of the paddy field in a short period of time, the scraping work should be minimized.However, the current scraping work is not the original purpose of scraping work, but the soil is moved mainly through water to move the water surface. Therefore, it is technically very laborious and difficult to finish the leveling work on the rice field in a short time. In addition, a scraping operation is adopted to improve the effect of the herbicide. If the surface of the field can be leveled before the paddy field is filled with water, only one scraping operation is sufficient and the problem of excessive scraping does not occur. Although such an ideal is known, it is extremely difficult and a dream to dream that it is extremely difficult to make the surface of the field horizontal in the agricultural situation of Japan, which mainly uses rotary cultivators. Because, in a rotary cultivator, the working standard is the depth from the surface, the difference in soil hardness changes the plowing depth, and the agitation of the soil by the rotary also causes the weed seeds to stir and proliferate. This in turn requires extra herbicide. The soil on the surface of the field has moved considerably for one year due to rotary agitation, wind, and the drainage environment, and it is necessary to correct this movement every year. However,
Although the surface has been leveled, there has been almost no modification of the soil environment throughout the soil layer, in other words, correction of the soil that has moved. Next, I will briefly describe what improvements and improvements are necessary. Paddy fields can be broadly classified into wet fields, dry fields, and leaky fields. The most ideal paddy field is the dry rice field, but this dry rice field can hardly be seen in the present rural areas, as it is said to be "old dry field now wet field". In the case of a dry field, even if the paddy field is scratched, the reduced depth (sedimentation rate) of the paddy water is 15 to 20 mm per day, and oxygen (O ₂ ) can be uniformly supplied to the entire soil. On the other hand, in the case of wetland, the grain size of the soil becomes too small each time the soil is scraped, and the reduction depth (sedimentation rate) of the paddy water is extremely slow or almost zero. Therefore, oxygen (O ₂ ) is added to the soil. It cannot be supplied, and respiratory failure can not be expected to expect sufficient growth of rice. Then, how to form a dry field and a wet field results in the problem of whether the soil layer near the surface has been moved in order to maintain the field. Ideally, it is necessary that soil and upholstery soil should not be formed during maintenance, but if someone who has little knowledge of paddy soil performs maintenance work, soil and upholstery soil will inevitably be formed. . Then, what is meant by an ideal paddy field is that it is required that the plow layer is usually horizontal, not the surface of the paddy field but under the cropping layer. However, although we have been focusing on the horizontal surface of the paddy field, it seems that we achieved the purpose because it is relatively easy to do, but in extreme cases, the soil layer is It was believed that it would be possible to make a rice paddy with a horizontal surface without any use, which would make water management easier, and if fertilizer was applied to it, it would be desirable to increase the yield. Is an ideal paddy field that does not increase yield. Nevertheless, the reason why the work has been focused on the leveling of the surface of the paddy field is due to the misunderstanding that the meaning of horizontal is to the surface or the misunderstanding. Therefore, it is not possible to grow rice with sufficient yield just by leveling the surface of the paddy field, but if the surface of the paddy field can be turned upside down and the depth of the cropping layer can be made uniform, instead of leveling the surface of the paddy field, water management will be possible. Not only is it easier to grow, the weeds are suppressed and the growth of rice is improved even with a small amount of rice growth. However, in the history of rice farming, the idea of making the part that is usually called the plow layer below the crop soil layer horizontal is thin, and the focus is mainly on growth management above ground.
The present invention described below is the first one since the history of rice cultivation. In addition, it is extremely difficult to increase the scale of the field by preventing the placement of soil and upholstery at all, and at the very least form a field with a horizontal surface even if there is soil or upholstery. The only thing that can be done is the gospel. A leveling machine is also required for such work, and is also necessary for correcting the change in the surface of the field. The field is constantly affected by nature and greatly affected by its environment.For example, in regions where the northern seasonal winds are constantly exposed during winter, the soil on the field surface is blown south by the north wind. , Tends to be deposited on the south side of the ridge. Therefore, the cultivated soil on the south side becomes high during the winter, and the cultivated soil on the north side significantly decreases, and there is a tendency that the whole becomes an inclined surface. It is necessary to correct this inclination by spring work.
A leveling machine is also required for such work. An object of the present invention is to provide a method suitable for forming a paddy field and a field most suitable for Japanese agricultural products represented by rice cultivation and a working machine suitable for carrying out the method. . The present invention not only solves the problems of Japanese agriculture described above and prepares a paddy environment suitable for rice cultivation, but also contributes to the development of strong Japanese agriculture that can sufficiently cope with the internationalization of agriculture. In addition to paddy fields most suitable for rice cultivation, a method suitable for forming fields such as fields,
It is an object of the present invention to provide a working machine suitable for carrying out this.

[0013]

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention is to raise a plow so that the plow bed may be an absolutely horizontal plane or a flat plane having a constant slope without being affected by the surface environment of the field. The whole soil layer is dried, and then the surface soil is moved so that the surface becomes parallel to the plow bottom, then water filling is performed, and then padding is performed, or paddy fields suitable for direct seeding of dry fields are prepared. Or is a method for uniformly forming a soil layer of a paddy field, which is characterized by forming a horizontal paddy field suitable for a non-substitution scratching method, in order to carry out this method, the bottom working machine has a horizontal detection means, At least the front end portion, and further, the rear end portion has a receiving portion for a horizontal signal which is a work reference signal, the front end portion is controlled by the lift mechanism according to the received signal, and the rear end portion is a gauge wheel. Or to raise and lower the heel It is characterized in that the bottom is kept horizontal and the bottom is kept horizontal and the plowing inversion work is performed.The leveling machine is a coarse crusher, and a flat plate and And a horizontal signal receiving section, and configured to control the height of the flat plate against the surface soil by vertically moving either the flat plate or the crusher according to the received signal. It is characterized by.

Along with the working direction, a flat plate is mounted on the frame of the working machine, and a crusher, a compression wheel, etc. are attached to the frame, and the horizontal state is detected at the light receiving part on the horizontal plane drawn by the laser light. In the leveling work machine configured to control the attitude of the working machine, the upper link among the three-point links is mounted in the elongated hole formed in the mast, and the mounting point of the upper link is within the range of the elongated hole. Is free to move, and a flat plate is attached to an intermediate position connecting the lower link mounting position of the frame of the working machine and the grounding point of the compression wheel, and the flat plate is mounted on the flat plate. -The flat plate is configured to be vertically moved about the grounding point of the compression wheel by a vertical movement of the lower link so as to have a predetermined height with respect to a reference plane determined by the light. Is. Further, the mast of the leveling work machine has a long hole for attaching the upper link along the work advancing direction, and the upper link is configured to be freely movable within the range of the long hole. Instead of this long hole, the mounting point of the upper link with the tractor is made a long hole so that the mounting point can freely move within a predetermined range. Instead, the mast of the working machine is composed of a mast with a fixed part and a movable part, the upper link is attached to the movable mast to allow movement within an appropriate range, and further, the upper link itself is within a predetermined range. It is characterized by being configured to be expandable and contractible.

According to the present invention, in order to make the surface soil environment of a field such as a paddy field or a field uniform, the plow bottom is formed horizontally during the tillage reversal work by the bottom working machine. Can control the height at the front end and the rear end in the work advancing direction, which allows the bottom to always maintain a horizontal posture during work, and the leveling machine can directly perform leveling work. It is possible to perform the work while keeping the height of the flat plate, which is normally performed, at a constant height by the horizontal signal.

In particular, since the leveling machine is moved up and down with the compression wheel as a fulcrum, the leveling plate located in front of this fulcrum is moved up and down within a range smaller than the vertical movement under the control of the tractor. However, the unevenness of the surface of the topsoil to be leveled becomes extremely small, and even when the tractor travels at high speed, the surface unevenness has a very small pitch, and it is possible to make the field surface even as a whole. .

[0017]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described while explaining a working machine, and a method thereof will be described with respect to the surface soil leveling of paddy fields, which is a representative of a field. First, FIGS. 1 to 4 attached herewith show a reversible bottom plow working machine (hereinafter, abbreviated as working machine) as a representative working machine for horizontally plowing a plowing layer (plow bed). ), The reference numeral 10 indicates the entire working machine, and the working machine 10 is
Front frame 1 whose posture does not change even when moving
1 and a reverse frame 21 rotated with respect to the front frame 11. The front frame 11 has a mast 12 for mounting an upper link UL included in a tractor, and a lower frame 13 for mounting a lower link RL which spreads in the left-right working width direction at a lower end portion thereof.

A reversing frame 21 is attached to the front frame 11 via a rotary main shaft, and the reversing frame 21 is pivotally mounted on the mast 12 at its upper end. The lower end of the cylinder 14 is connected so that the expansion and contraction of the cylinder 14 can reverse the reverse frame 21. The river frame 21 includes a main frame 221 extending in the working width direction and the main frame 221.
Mounting frame 22 for mounting the bottom arranged obliquely with respect to the frame 221 (with respect to the working width)
2 and eight bottoms 223 are attached to the upper and lower sides of the attachment frame 222 to form an 8-bottom working machine.

The mounting frame 222 is the main frame.
There are two support arms 224 extending rearward from the frame 221 and the mounting frame 222 is supported at the rear end portion of the support arms 224.

The mast 12 on the front frame 11 has a light receiving portion 31A for receiving laser light, which will be described later, and is located at the rearmost position in the working direction of the working machine 10. However, in other words, the bottom frame
The laser light receiving section 31B is also provided at the rearmost position of the frame 222,
Outside the field, at a suitable location, at a suitable height,
The laser light from the laser emitting section 33 can be received. The laser light receiving unit 31B can be replaced with a horizontal sensor 32A, and the posture of the work machine 10 can be horizontally controlled by signals detected by the light receiving unit 31A and the horizontal sensor 32A. The horizontal sensor 32A is a front frame 1 having a mast.
1 directly, or front frame 1
Attached to the arm 32X extending backward from 1,
Even if the bottom frame 222 is reversed, the standing state can be maintained. Further, the light emitting section 33 emits laser light while rotating to draw a horizontal trajectory of light to form a horizontal plane, and functions as a transmitter of the horizontal signal H. In other words, the two light receiving parts 31A, 31
If both B are in the horizontal plane drawn by the horizontal signal H, the working machine 10
Is at least horizontal in a plane along the work progress direction. For example, when any of the light receiving units deviates from the horizontal signal H, specifically, the working machine 10
If the tail is in a rising position, the gauge wheel explained later
By reducing the ground angle Θ of the tool 41.
Correct the horizontal position by lowering the rear end. In addition, when the working machine 10 is in the state of falling down,
By increasing the angle of the wheel 41 to the ground, the rear end portion is lifted and, as a result, the horizontal position is obtained. The horizontal in the work width direction is detected by the horizontal sensor 32B attached to the bottom frame 222. This horizontal sensor 3
2B are arranged on both upper and lower surfaces of the bottom frame 222, and when the frame is inverted, the signal from the sensor on either upper side can be adopted. In the correction of the horizontal posture in the working width direction, the posture is controlled by driving the horizontal control mechanism provided in the tractor. Further, at the rearmost position of the bottom frame 222, there is a gage wheel 41, and this gage wheel 41 is at the tip of the swing arm 42 pivotally attached to the bottom frame 222. The swing arm 42 is rotatably attached, and the swing angle 42 changes the ground angle (θ) by expanding and contracting the control cylinder 43. In other words, the ground clearance at the rear end of the bottom frame 222 can be controlled. (Fig. 2). The control cylinder 43 may be a double-acting type or a single-acting type, but here, a single-acting type is used, and the extension is performed by a compression spring 43A and can be contracted by supplying pressure oil. It has become. In this case, the return circuit of the pressure oil chamber 43A may be omitted, and the piston may be replaced with a one-way valve.

The above description is of the type in which the height of the bottom 223 is selected by adjusting the height of the gauge wheel 41. However, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the gauge wheel is The heat 411 can be used instead of the reel 41. That is, the end portion of the rod A of the control cylinder 43 is connected to the center positions of the tool support members 412 and 413 having a square shape, and the heel 411 is respectively attached to the tool support members 412 and 413 and the pin 411A. By attaching these heels 411 to the land side of the bottom 223Z, which is located at the rearmost end of the bottom 223, by the pin 223Y.
The toe portion is prevented from rising by hitting the stopper 223X at a portion in front of the pivot point.

Therefore, when the control cylinder 43A is extended with the heel 411 grounded, the bottom frame with the bottom attached by using the heel 411 as a supporting member.
The rear end of the frame 222 is raised. This state is performed when the bottom group is in the bottom-down state, and the horizontal state is maintained as a whole. On the contrary, when it is detected that the bottom group is in the ascending state, the control cylinder 43A is contracted to slightly raise the grounded heel 411, and accordingly, the bottom group of the bottom group is increased by that amount. Hold down to keep the whole horizontal. These controls are the same as those in the case of controlling the gauge wheel, and the light receiving section 31A,
31B is controlled so as to be located within the signal H on the horizontal plane drawn by the laser beam, in other words, the plow bottom S by the bottom is controlled to be horizontal.

In order to form the plow floor horizontally, the mounting hole 12A of the mast 12 to which the upper link UL of the tractor is mounted is a long hole, and the mounting point of the upper link UL is the long hole. The work machine 10 can freely move within the range depending on the posture of the work machine 10, and when the work machine 10 is in the butt-down state, the mounting point is located at the frontmost position of the elongated hole 12A, and in the butt-up state, the mounting point is The mounting point is located at the rearmost position of the long hole 12A. Therefore, even if the lift mechanism of the tractor operates, the working machine 10 is not immediately controlled, and flexibility is given within the range of the length of the long hole 12A, so that a small vertical movement is repeated and the work machine 10 is moved within the horizontal plane. It will be converged and will form a horizontal plow bed S when viewed as a whole field.

In the above description, the two light receiving parts 31A and 3A are provided.
Although the example in which the posture is detected when 1B is in the same horizontal plane and the posture is controlled has been described, any one of them may be replaced with a horizontal sensor. In that case, the bottom frame 2
In order to prevent the posture of 22 from reversing even when reversing, as described above, it is attached to the arm 32X extending rearward from the front frame 11 and the bottom frame is attached.
A mechanism is required to maintain the standing state even when the frame 222 is reversed.

In particular, the bottom frame 222 has a light receiving portion 31B independent of the light receiving portion 31A, but these light receiving portions 31A and 31B are controlled so as to be located in the same horizontal plane, and The subsequent light receiving portion 31B is erected in a vertical plane including the main axis. In other words, even when the reversing frame 222 is reversed, the light receiving portion 31B is not affected by the positional change, that is, the posture change.
The light receiving section 31B can be replaced with the horizontal sensor 32A, whereby the light receiving section 31A and the horizontal sensor 3A can be replaced.
It is also possible to horizontally control the posture of the working machine 10 by detecting signals from two locations such as 2A.

An end of a lift rod 51 forming a lift mechanism 50 is connected to a lower link RL of the tractor, and the other end of the lift rod 51 is allowed to rotate by a pivot point 52. The lift arm 53 is connected to the lift arm 53. A rod 54A of a lift cylinder 54 is connected to an end of the lift arm 53, and the lower arm RL is moved up and down via the lift rod 51 by rotating the lift arm 53 by the expansion and contraction motion of the lift cylinder 54. Is able to.

The lift cylinder 54 includes the light receiving portion 3
The drive source is the hydraulic pump 36 and the pressure oil from the hydraulic pump 36 is controlled by a signal obtained by the control box 34 calculating the deviation from the horizontal plane drawn by the laser light emitting unit 33 received by the lasers 1A and 31B. Driven by. That is, it is input to a control circuit 50 including a control microcomputer, and in this control circuit 50, the working machine 10 is raised at either the front part or the rear part, or both right sides, and lowered to keep the working machine horizontal, in other words, The plow bed S formed by the bottom is controlled to be horizontal. For this control, a switching valve 35 that switches the flow of pressure oil in response to a signal from the control box 34 is used, whereby pressure oil is supplied from the pump 36 to the lift cylinder 54 via the flow control valve 37. . The flow rate control valve 37 also receives a signal from the control box 34 and its opening is controlled.

Further, the horizontal attitude of the working machine 10 is controlled by moving the gauge wheel 41 up and down. That is,
When the working machine 10 is in the front rising state, the lift cylinder 5
4 is extended (via the lift rod 51) and the working machine 1
The lower part of the working machine 10 is lowered by lowering the front part of 0, and by making the angle θ (angle with the horizontal plane) of the swing arm 42 supporting the gauge wheel 41 smaller, the rear part of the working machine 10 is controlled to be raised. The working machine 10 as a whole is in a horizontal state, in other words, the plow floor S formed by the bottom 223 is controlled to be in a horizontal state.

Similarly to the lift mechanism, the mechanism for moving the gauge wheel 41 up and down is also controlled by the control box 44 based on the horizontal signal H from the laser light emitting portion 33 received by the light receiving portions 31A and 31B. The flow rate of the driving pressure oil is controlled by the signal, and the pressure oil from the hydraulic pump (same as the hydraulic pump) is switched to the switching valve 45 and the flow rate control valve 4.
It is supplied to the control cylinder 43 via 6. By rotating the swing arm 42, the gear wheel 4
When the ground angle θ of 1 is increased, the control cylinder 43 is contracted to supply the pressure oil to the pressure oil chamber 43X in the cylinder. At this time, there is a compression spring 43A in the pressure oil chamber 43Y, which acts on the piston, so that a hydraulic pressure exceeding the resistance of the compression spring 43A is applied. In other words, the posture control is performed by contracting the control cylinder 43 when it is necessary to raise the rear part of the work machine 10 and extending the control cylinder 43 when lowering the rear part.

Since the compression spring 43A constantly pushes the piston, the piston is pushed by simply releasing the pressure oil in the pressure chamber 43X, the control cylinder 43 extends, and in addition,
When the work implement 10 is lifted for the reversing motion,
Since the swing arm 42 is released from the constraint such as the ground with which the gear wheel is in contact, the swing wheel 42 is always in the direction in which the gauge wheel 41 is always grounded due to its own weight including the gauge wheel 41. It will be rotated.

Such an operation is performed by the light receiving portions 31A and 31B receiving a signal on the horizontal plane drawn by the horizontal signal H of the laser light emitting portion 33 (or by a horizontal sensor which is replaced by any one of the light receiving portions). The posture of 10 is detected, and the state is displayed on the operator of the tractor. Most primitively, the operator manually operates the control cylinder 43 or the lift cylinder 54 of the lift mechanism to expand and contract. Yes, but it is not possible to work efficiently. According to the embodiment of the present invention, automatic control is possible. In addition, attitude control is performed by using a signal from any one of the light receiving units 31A and 31B, in particular, the horizontal sensor in place of the light receiving unit 31B, and further, the horizontal sensor 3
It is also possible to input two signals obtained from 2A and 32B, that is, information about the horizontal direction in the work advancing direction and the horizontal posture in the working width direction to the control box 34 so that the posture of the working machine 10 becomes horizontal. Is.

In the above description, the posture of the bottom working machine 10 is controlled in order to make the plow bottom S horizontal, but next, the surface soil after the plowing inversion using the bottom working machine 10 is performed. A so-called leveling machine 60 for leveling the work will be described. This leveling machine 60 is a frame of the working machine.
Tine-type crusher 6 from the top in the working direction
2. A flat plate 63 and a spring coil type pressure reducer 64 are provided. The frame 65 of the pressure reducer 64 has an arm 6 for supporting the center axis of rotation at the left and right ends of the pressure reducer.
5A, the frame 65 is supported on the frame 61 by a pivot 66 so as to be rotatable in a vertical plane. Furthermore, a mast 65B is provided on the horizontal portion of the frame 65.
The end of a rod 67A of a telescopic cylinder 67, which will be described in detail later, is attached to the mast 65B, and a pivot pin 66 is attached to the frame 61 in a vertical plane in the work advancing direction. -It is allowed that the frame 65 moves up and down. By extending and contracting the expander / contractor cylinder 67 to change the angle of soil .theta. Of the support arm 64A that supports the compression machine 64, the entire working machine 60 can be moved up and down with the compression machine 64 as a fulcrum. The height of the flat plate 63 from the ground surface is controlled.

Since the leveling machine 60 is also towed by the tractor, it has a mast 68 for mounting the upper link UL, and the telescopic cylinder 6 has a mast 68.
In order to control the expansion and contraction of 7, the light receiving portion 3 provided upright on the frame 61
The horizontal signal H received by 8 is used, and its control is performed in the same manner as the soil angle of the gauge wheel 41 in the bottom working machine 10, in other words, the height control of the gauge wheel 41. Swingarm 4 in FIG.
Instead of 2, the ground angle .theta. Of the support arm 65A of FIG. 7 is controlled, and the coil forming the pressure suppressor 64 performs the same function as that of the gauge wheel.

That is, when the flat plate 63 is at a position deeper than a predetermined depth with respect to the horizontal signal H, the coil forming the crusher by extending the telescopic cylinder 67 is formed at a deep position, in other words, the swing arm 65A. The position of the flat plate 63 is raised by increasing the ground angle θ.

When the flat plate 63 is located at a position shallower than a predetermined depth, the swing arm 65A is reversed, contrary to the above.
The position of the flat plate 63 is lowered by decreasing the ground angle θ of. This operation contracts the telescopic cylinder 57 to reduce the ground angle θ of the swing arm 65A. While repeating such operations, the leveling implement 60 is pulled by the tractor to level the surface of the field.

In the above description, the type in which the pressure suppressor 64 is moved up and down to control the position of the flat plate 63 is given.
As shown in FIG. 8, it is possible to use a telescopic cylinder 69 so that the flat plate 63 supported thereby can be moved up and down. That is, the rod 69A of the telescopic cylinder 69 is attached to the arm member 63B protruding from the support member 63A that supports the flat plate 63, and this rod 69A along with the arm member 63B follows the guide 63C provided in the frame 61. It is configured to move up and down. The light receiving portion 38 is aligned with the vertical movement direction of the flat plate 63.
38A that supports the light receiving unit 38 so that it can also move up and down
Is located right above the flat plate 63 in a side view. In this embodiment, the turnbuckle 6 is provided between the mast 65B and the mast 68 to adjust the height of the crusher 64.
9X is provided, and the pressure suppressor 64 is provided by the crank handle 69Y.
Adjust the height manually by hand prior to work. For the height control based on this set height, the leveling work machine as a whole is moved up and down similarly to the reversible bottom work machine by using the lift mechanism of the tractor with reference to the horizontal plane drawn by the laser light.

A leveling machine 60 (see FIG. 1) shown in the next embodiment.
In 7), the horizontal signal H of the horizontal plane drawn by the laser emitting section 33 is received by the light receiving section 38 provided on the support 38A of the leveling work machine 60, and the lower link RL is transmitted via the lift rod 51 by the obtained signal. Move up and down. This vertical movement driving operation is the same as that in the above-mentioned embodiment, but is characterized by the mounting portion of the upper link UL and the mast 68. That is, there is a long hole 68A in a vertical plane along the work advancing direction, and the mounting pin ULX of the upper link can be moved back and forth along the work advancing direction within the range of the long hole 68A.

Therefore, when the tractor rides on the unevenness of the field surface (FIG. 20) and moves, the leveling implement 60 also moves up and down. For example, the tractor rides on the convex part and the leveling implement 60 rises. Then, although the flat plate 63 is lowered, the compression wheel 64 is always in the grounded state, so
Even if 3 descends, a lever movement is made with the ground contact point 64A as a fulcrum, and the frame 61 is corrected to move forward. This means that the upper link U in the long hole 68A
The mounting pin ULX of L moves to the front side of the elongated hole 68A. In other words, since a tensile load is applied to the upper link UL, the hydraulic control circuit described later is switched and the lower link RL is pushed down via the lift arm 53 and the lift rod 51. At this time, the vertical movement width of the flat plate 63 is always smaller than the vertical movement control width of the tractor,
Although there is no extreme vertical movement, irregularities with a small pitch are formed on the surface of the topsoil, but they are formed on the horizontal surface in the whole field scene.
In other words, the vertical control width of the tractor does not directly move up and down the flat plate 63, but only the width of the long hole (the mounting pin UL
(Only the X movement width) It does not move up and down little by little, and it is formed on the horizontal plane as the whole field scene.

That is, when the mounting pin ULX moves within the range of the long hole 68A, the movement is sent to the sensor S1 for detecting the movement amount through the wire W1 or the rod, and the hydraulic pressure is output by the control box CB such as a microcomputer. The position of the switching valve V1 of the circuit is switched, and the direction of the oil flow from the hydraulic pump P is switched. At the same time, the output signal of the control box CB is input to the control valve CV that controls the amount of oil from the hydraulic pump P to configure the hydraulic control circuit 50 that controls the opening degree.

This means that the light receiving portion 34 is displaced upward from the area of the horizontal signal H, and the oil passage of the hydraulic control circuit 50 is also switched by the signal, so that the light receiving portion 34 receives the horizontal signal H. A load in the pressing direction is applied to the lower link RL so as to return to the area. Thereby, the flat plate 6
No. 3 carries out the leveling work while moving in a plane parallel to the horizontal plane drawn by the horizontal signal H. In this case, due to the traveling speed of the tractor, the lower edge 63A of the flat plate 63 repeats a small vertical movement as shown in FIG. 20, but the overall (average) plane is the laser light. It will be parallel to the horizontal plane drawn by.

The effect of the long hole 68A of the mast 68 in the present invention becomes clear when it is considered in comparison with a leveling machine which does not have this. That is, if the light receiving section 34 is displaced downward from the horizontal plane area, the control mechanism serves to pull up the entire leveling machine 60 upward. However, since the leveling machine 60 as a whole is pulled up, the leveling plate 63 naturally goes up. In this case, the height at which the leveling implement 60 is raised is equal to the lift height at which the leveling plate 63 is raised, so that relatively large unevenness is formed on the field surface by the leveling plate 63. In other words, even if the position of the unevenness changes, the size of the unevenness does not change, resulting in a problem in leveling the surface soil surface.

However, according to the leveling machine 60 of the present invention, the upper link UL and the mast 68 of the leveling machine are provided.
Since the play is made possible by the long hole 68A at the mounting point with the, the lift height of the lift rod 51 is not transmitted to the leveling work machine as it is, and the lower level of the flat plate 63 is lower than that of the lower link RL. The lift height at the edge is reduced. That is, since the lift height of the leveling implement 60 is a lever movement with the ground contact point 64A of the compression wheel 64 as a fulcrum, the lower link R
Flat plate 63 between the L mounting point and the grounding point 64A
The lift height of the lower edge portion 63A is naturally smaller than the lift height of the leveling work machine 60, and the leveling plate 63 is attached to the compression wheel 6.
The closer it is to 4, the smaller the lift height becomes, and irregularities with a small pitch are formed on the field surface, but it is possible to finish the surface in a substantially horizontal state as a whole.

In the above embodiment, a long hole in which the mounting pin ULX plays, that is, a so-called free zone is formed between the upper link UL and the mast 68.
As shown in FIG. 7, the posture of the working machine can be detected even if a free zone is provided at the attachment portion between the upper link UL and the tractor, and the position of the mounting pin at the attachment portion with the tractor is detected by the transmission means. It can also be configured to be transmitted to S1. In this embodiment, it is easy to draw a wire or the like as the transmission means, but it is somewhat difficult to change the tractor side.

Further, as shown in FIG. 19B, the mast 6
The upper link UL may be attached to the fixed mast 68X and the movable mast 68Y with the pin hinge 68Z. The wire W is used for the tilting movement of the movable mast 68Y.
It is also possible to transmit it to the sensor S1 via 1, etc., and switch the hydraulic control circuit 50 by its output. According to this embodiment, the tractor is not required to be improved and it is simple, but a part of the mast needs to be modified, but the free zone is selected by selecting the position of the stopper 68B.
It is easy to select

Further, it is neither a tractor nor a working machine,
As shown in FIG. 19C, the upper link is made up of two members 68.
M and 68N, and a structure capable of sliding between the two, a member 68M has a long hole 68P, and a member 68N has a pin 68E fitted into the long hole 68P.
To be able to move within the range of the long hole 68P. It is also possible that the movement is transmitted to the sensor by a wire such as a transmission means.

Which of these is to be selected may be selected depending on the circumstances in which a wire or the like as a transmission means is routed from the posture detection position of the working machine to the sensor, and which is suitable for the working machine. Should be selected.

Next, the leveling work of the paddy field using the working machine described above will be explained. Paddy field (Fig. 1)
0) The bottom working machine 10 is used to perform the tillage reversal work (FIG. 11). In this case, according to the bottom working machine 10, the plow floor S is always in a horizontal state, and as the surface becomes closer to the ridge, it rises. It will be flattened in later work.
The importance of making the plow bed S horizontal is omitted because it has been described in the section of the prior art, but it is the most important work in the method of the present invention, which makes it possible to provide a paddy field with a uniform environment. As a result, it is possible to make the pattern uniform.

Further, the leveling work is carried out at the same time by using the leveling machine 60 to simultaneously level the roughly crushed soil and crush the soil (FIG. 12).

The paddy field described below shows a case where fields A and B having a difference in ground height are formed in one field as the scale increases, and there is a ridge AZ in the middle part. In the case of removing the paddy field and expanding the scale of the paddy field, as shown in FIG. 13, the ridge AZ is removed, and the B portion is plowed and inverted. At this time, the plowing depth is set deeper than the portion A. Then, the soil in the lower layer, which has become the upper layer, is dried, and then the upper portion is moved to A while coarsely crushing the soil to roughly adjust the soil (FIG. 14).

Further, both the parts A and B are tilled and inverted by using a bottom working machine so that the plow bottom S is commonly leveled (FIG. 15), and then the whole is flattened. Finishing is performed using the leveling machine of the invention. In the above description, the scale expansion of the paddy field has been described, but it is of course also applicable to the scale expansion of the field, and is not limited to the paddy field.

Next, the actual use of another leveling machine will be described. By raising and lowering the lower link UL via a lift arm 53 and a lift rod 54, which are lift mechanisms included in the tractor, so that the light receiving unit 34 can always be positioned in a preset horizontal plane (drawn by laser light). It is controlled, for example, when the height at which the flat plate 63 is in contact with the topsoil is high, in other words, in the state where the topsoil is raised and the protrusions are formed, as shown in FIG. In the case of shaving and moving it to the recess, it is necessary to increase the working depth of the flat plate 63. At this time, the pitch of the unevenness is increased because the tractor moves the flat plate 63 up and down while traveling, and the position of the unevenness is changed, but the height cannot be changed so much. In other words, the unevenness cannot be improved. However, it is necessary to make the vertical movement width of the flat plate 63 smaller than the vertical movement width controlled by the tractor. Therefore, the flat plate 63 is located at a position close to the fulcrum during the vertical movement.

In the above description, the leveling of the topsoil has been described, but it is also possible to provide the horizontal signal H with a slight gradient so that the surface (plane) of the topsoil is provided with an inclination. In other words, this is extremely effective when considering irrigation of fields. For example, when planning irrigation with labor saving, it is possible to provide ridges along the slope if the surface has a slope. Since water flows from high to low, irrigation can be done very naturally. Irrigation water is not limited to just hydration, it also has a trace element replenishment function and can contribute to the control of pest outbreaks and restores fertility.

[0053]

As is clear from the above description, according to the method of the present invention, the surface soil can be cultivated while the plow bottom is kept horizontal in the paddy field and field tillage work, so that the surface environment is uneven. Even if it has the above-mentioned characteristics, it can be finally used as a horizontal paddy field or field in which the topsoil layer is made uniform, and it is possible to expect a uniform cropping in any part of the field, which will improve the yield. Cost reduction can be achieved by increasing production.

Further, according to the working machine of the present invention, in the case of the bottom working machine, since the height can be controlled at the front part and the rear part, the plow bottom can be leveled easily. Due to the plow effect, the soil can dry quickly, and the next work process can be started.In addition, with the leveling machine, the topsoil can be leveled reliably and accurately, and at the same time coarse crushed soil and compaction can be achieved. Can form a floor suitable for sowing, and can contribute to the improvement of rice fields, fields in Japan, scale expansion, etc.,
This makes it possible to reduce costs, stabilize yields, and improve quality.

Furthermore, according to the leveling machine of another invention,
The vertical movement of the lower link due to the control movement does not directly become the vertical movement width of the flat plate, and the flat plate is located at the intermediate position from the mounting position of the lower link to the compression wheel. The unevenness formed is small, and the pitch thereof is also small, so that the entire field can be made almost horizontal.

Although the work for making the surface soil surface horizontal has been described above, if a leveling machine is operated along this sloped surface by giving a predetermined slope to the plane drawn by the laser light, the field The surface of the can be sloped to improve the convenience of upland irrigation.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a bottom working machine according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a side view of the bottom working machine of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a plan view of another embodiment of the bottom working machine of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a side view of another embodiment of the bottom working machine of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a control circuit diagram of a lift mechanism of the bottom working machine of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a control circuit diagram of a gauge wheel of the bottom working machine of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a side view of the leveling machine of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a side view of a leveling machine according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a plan view of the leveling machine of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a paddy field to which the present invention is applied.

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a paddy field in which tillage inversion of the paddy field according to the present invention is performed.

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the tillage and leveling work has been performed after the coarsely crushed soil of the paddy field according to the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of a target paddy field along with the scale expansion of the paddy field.

FIG. 14 is a sectional view showing a state in which the intermediate ridges of the paddy field are also removed.

FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of a state in which the paddy field is also plowed and inverted.

FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of the paddy field showing a state of completion of work.

FIG. 17 is a side view of a leveling machine according to the present invention.

FIG. 18 is an explanatory diagram of a control system of a leveling machine according to the present invention.

FIG. 19 is an explanatory diagram of an example of a free zone.

FIG. 20 is an explanatory diagram of a work for correcting unevenness of the topsoil.

[Explanation of symbols]

 10 Bottom Working Machine 11 Front Frame 12 Mast 13 Lower Frame 14 Reversing Cylinder 221 Main Frame 222 Frame 223 Bottom 224 Support Frame 30 Control Circuit 31 Light Receiving Section 32 Light Receiving Section 33 Laser Emitting Part 38 Light receiving part of leveling machine 35 Switching valve 41 Gauge wheel 42 Swing arm 43 Control cylinder 43X Pressure oil chamber 43Y Pressure oil chamber 43A Compression spring 45 Switching valve 46 Flow control valve 50 Lift mechanism 51 Lift rod 52 pivot fulcrum 53 lift arm 54 lift cylinder 54A rod 60 leveling machine 61 frame 62 crusher 63 level plate 64 compression ring 65 frame 66 pivot pin 67 telescopic cylinder 68 mast 68A long hole to attach upper link UL upper link ULX number pin RL lower link

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. A plow is performed so that the plow bed is absolutely horizontal without being affected by the surface environment of the field, and then the soil is dried, and the surface soil is roughly crushed and the same step is applied. And at the same time move the soil by a flat plate so that the soil surface becomes parallel to the plow bottom and the field is made into an environment suitable for sowing and transplanting. How to form. 2. The bottom working machine has a horizontal detecting means, at least a front end portion thereof has a horizontal signal receiving portion, and the front end portion is controlled by the lift mechanism according to the received signal, and the rear end portion thereof is a gauge wheel. Or the same function as this
The bottom working machine is characterized in that the posture is controlled by raising and lowering the lever, etc., and the bottom is kept horizontal and the plowing inversion work is performed. 3. A leveling machine comprises at least coarse crushed soil, and a leveling plate, and a crusher, and further has a receiving section for a work reference signal, and the leveling plate or the leveling plate according to the received signal.
A leveling work machine characterized in that the height of the flat plate against the surface soil is controlled by vertically moving one of the crushers. 4. A frame of a working machine is arranged along a work advancing direction.
It is configured by mounting a leveling plate, a compaction wheel, etc. on the top of the flat plate, and detecting the horizontal state at the light receiving part on the horizontal plane drawn by the laser beam to control the posture of the working machine. In the leveling machine, the upper link among the three-point links is attached to the long hole formed in the mast, and the attachment point of the upper link can be freely moved within the range of the long hole, and , A flat plate is attached to an intermediate position connecting the lower link mounting position of the frame of the working machine and the grounding point of the compression wheel, and the flat plate is attached to a reference plane defined by a laser beam. The flattening work machine is characterized in that the flat plate is moved up and down with the grounding point of the compression wheel as a fulcrum by the vertical movement of the lower link so as to have a predetermined height. 5. A mast of a leveling machine is provided with a long hole for mounting an upper link along a work advancing direction, and the upper link is configured to be freely movable within the range of this long hole. The leveling machine described. 6. A frame of a working machine is arranged along a work advancing direction.
The leveling work is configured by mounting a leveling plate, a compression wheel, etc. on the top of the frame and controlling the posture of the work machine by detecting the horizontal state at the light receiving part on the horizontal plane drawn by the laser light. In the machine, the upper link among the three-point links is mounted through the elongated hole in the mounting portion with the tractor, and the mounting point of the upper link can be freely moved within the range of the elongated hole, and A flat plate is mounted at an intermediate position connecting the lower link mounting position of the frame of the working machine and the grounding point of the compression wheel, and the flat plate is predetermined with respect to the reference plane defined by the laser beam. 5. The leveling work machine according to claim 4, wherein the leveling plate is moved up and down with the grounding point of the compression wheel as a fulcrum by the vertical movement of the lower link so as to reach the height. 7. The frame of the working machine is arranged along the working direction.
It is configured by mounting a leveling plate, a compaction wheel, etc. on the top of the flat plate, and detecting the horizontal state at the light receiving part on the horizontal plane drawn by the laser beam to control the posture of the working machine. In a leveling machine, the upper link of the three-point links is attached to a movable mast that is tiltably provided at the upper end of a fixed mast of the mast of the working machine, and the upper link attachment point is within the range of the tilt. Is free to move, and a flat plate is attached to an intermediate position connecting the lower link mounting position of the frame of the working machine and the grounding point of the compression wheel, and the flat plate is mounted on the flat plate. -The flat plate is configured to be vertically moved about the grounding point of the compression wheel by the vertical movement of the lower link so as to have a predetermined height with respect to a reference plane defined by the beam. According to claim 4, Flat working machine. 8. A frame of a working machine along a working direction.
It is configured by mounting a leveling plate, a compaction wheel, etc. on the top of the flat plate, and detecting the horizontal state at the light receiving part on the horizontal plane drawn by the laser beam to control the posture of the working machine. In the leveling machine, the upper link among the three-point links is extendable / contractible in the length direction, the length of the upper link is freely extendable / contractible within the range of extension / contraction, and the frame of the working machine is A flat plate is attached to an intermediate position connecting the lower link mounting position and the grounding point of the compression wheel, and the flat plate has a predetermined height with respect to a reference plane defined by a laser beam. The leveling work machine according to claim 4, wherein the leveling plate is moved up and down with the grounding point of the compression wheel as a fulcrum by the vertical movement of the lower link.