JP3981122B2 - Leveling machine - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a work machine that forms a flat farm field, and more particularly, to a work machine that forms a flat surface of a farm field.

  The applicant first explained that it is important to make the environment uniform for crops in the field, and in order to do so, not only the surface of the field but also the horizontal bed of the field is leveled. The work method suitable for the work and the work machine suitable for the work have been proposed. This work machine is of a composite type, and is capable of performing a soil crushing operation, a soil removal operation, a soil removal operation, a pressure reduction operation, and a soil removal operation, a soil removal operation and a pressure reduction operation in combination.

  The need for such work equipment is largely due to the enforcement of the New Food Law introduced in 1995. In principle, produced rice must be sold at its own risk and must be profitable. If one whole area is enlarged, efficient farming work will be possible, and agricultural profits can be improved. However, since agriculture in Japan has a large number of agricultural units, it has become smaller and has reached the present. Although farming infrastructure is being developed on the way, most of the farmland is very small as described above.

  Therefore, the policy adopted by the country is that a large-scale field can be obtained by combining multiple fields into one. Therefore, in the work to make large-scale farmland, the soil structure of the field is neglected and the emphasis is on leveling the surface. The yield tends to decrease drastically in such fields. If the anti-yield amount of rice decreased, the increase in scale would be unacceptable, which is not preferable for agricultural management.

  Originally, in order to improve the environment of paddy field, first of all, it is necessary to improve the permeability and drainage of the field soil and to stop excessive scratching that may promote the respiratory disorder of crops. However, although we do not like excessive plucking work in practice, it is necessary to level the paddy field quickly because there is a timing restriction on the supply of water. It is forced to do.

  Also, in farming methods using herbicides, horizontal and level soil conditions are important in order to increase the effectiveness of the farming method, and because of this, emphasis is placed on the scraping work. Will be significantly reduced, leading to suffocation of the crop. Therefore, the smaller the number of scrapings, the better. However, at present, it is necessary to rely on the scraping work to make the soil in the field very fast and uniform.

  If the surface of the field can be leveled before watering the paddy field, only one scraping operation is sufficient, and the problem of excessive scraping does not occur.

Next, I will talk a little about what improvements are needed. Paddy fields can be broadly classified into wet fields, dry fields, and leaked fields. The most ideal paddy field is the dry paddy field, but this dry paddy field can hardly be seen in the current farm villages, as it is called the "old dry paddy field now".
In the case of dry paddy fields, even if pricking is performed, the reduced water depth (sedimentation rate) of paddy water is 15 to 20 mm per day, and oxygen (O2) can be uniformly supplied to the entire soil. On the other hand, in the case of a wet paddy, the soil particle size becomes too small every time the padding is carried out, and the water reduction depth (sedimentation rate) of paddy water is very slow or almost none, so oxygen (O2) is contained in the soil. It cannot be supplied and it is impossible to expect sufficient growth of rice by causing respiratory problems.

In order to receive appropriate water reduction, even if a culvert is provided under the cultivating layer, water permeability is hindered by excessive scraping, and the effect of the culvert cannot be exhibited, and the paddy field is often created.

  In order to revitalize paddy field agriculture, a large-scale profitable field is indispensable, and in addition to labor saving, it is necessary to increase the yield per unit area. The present invention takes into consideration the formation of a uniform soil environment over the entire area of the field targeted for leveling work, and in a field where the bed is horizontally formed, the soil layer is not buried and is small-scaled. In order to facilitate the conversion from a field to a large-scale field, an ideal field can be formed even if there is a height difference between the two, and the scale can be expanded by increasing the yield. In combination with the improvement of work efficiency, the aim is to revitalize Japanese agriculture. Therefore, the present invention is not only a large-scale paddy field, which is a national policy, but also an agriculture that can sufficiently compete with international competition in terms of cost by obtaining a high yield by making the soil environment uniform throughout the field. The purpose is to train.

  In order to achieve the above-described object, the present invention is configured by attaching a leveling flat plate to the top of a work machine frame along with the work traveling direction and attaching a crusher, a pressure-reducing wheel or the like to the laser beam. In the leveling work machine configured to detect the horizontal state in the light receiving unit on the horizontal plane drawn by the above and control the posture of the work machine, the upper link of the three point links is attached to a long hole formed in the mast, The upper link attachment point can be freely moved within the range of the long hole, and the intermediate position connecting the lower link attachment position of the frame of the work implement and the grounding point of the pressure reducing wheel. A leveling plate is attached to the base plate, and the leveling plate has a predetermined height with respect to a reference plane defined by the laser beam. Is configured to move up and down It is intended to equalizing flat and crush wheels are essential Harrow wheel sometimes the unnecessary.

  Furthermore, the pressure-reducing wheel is a wheel type such as a rubber tire or a sled, and an iron wheel, and is configured to be arranged at both ends of the work width, or at the center, or at both ends and the center, and further across the work width. To do. In addition, the mast of the leveling machine has a long hole for attaching a long upper link along the working direction, and the upper link can be freely moved within the range of this long hole. Instead of this, a sled or a steel wheel may be used.

  Furthermore, along the working direction, the work equipment frame is constructed by attaching a leveling flat plate to the top of the work equipment, and a sand crusher, a pressure-reducing wheel, etc., and detects the horizontal state at the light receiving part on the horizontal plane drawn by the laser light. In the leveling work machine configured to control the attitude of the work implement, the upper link of the three-point link is attached through a long hole at the attachment portion with the tractor, and the upper link attachment point within the range of the long hole Can be moved freely, and a leveling plate is attached to an intermediate position connecting the lower link mounting position of the frame of the work implement and the grounding point of the pressure reducing wheel. -The flat plate is moved up and down with the grounding point of the pressure-reducing wheel as a fulcrum by the vertical movement of the lower link so as to reach a predetermined height with respect to the reference plane defined by the beam. It is what.

  Furthermore, along the working direction, the work machine frame is constructed by attaching a leveling plate to the top of the work machine, and a ground crusher, a pressure-reducing wheel, etc., and the light receiving unit is in a horizontal state on the horizontal plane drawn by the laser beam. In the leveling work machine configured to detect the position of the work machine and control the attitude of the work machine, the upper link of the three-point links is a movable mast provided tiltably at the upper end of the fixed mast of the work machine. The attachment point of the upper link can be freely moved within the range of tilting, and the lower link attachment position of the frame of the work implement and the grounding point of the pressure reducing wheel are A flat plate is attached to the intermediate position to be connected, and the grounding point of the pressure reducing wheel is supported by the lower link up and down so that the flat plate is at a predetermined height with respect to a reference plane defined by the laser beam. The flat plate is moved up and down as It is characterized in that it has configured.

  In addition, along the working direction, the work equipment frame is constructed by attaching a leveling plate to the top of the work equipment, a crusher, a pressure wheel, etc. In the leveling work machine configured to detect and control the posture of the work machine, the upper link of the three-point link is extendable in the length direction, and the length of the upper link is within the extendable range. A flat plate is attached at an intermediate position connecting the lower link attachment position of the frame of the working machine and the grounding point of the pressure reducing wheel, and the flat plate is attached to the laser beam. The leveling plate is moved up and down with the grounding point of the pressure-reducing wheel as a fulcrum by the vertical movement of the lower link so as to have a predetermined height with respect to the reference plane defined by (1).

  As is apparent from the above description, according to the working machine of the present invention, the surface soil can be cultivated in the paddy field and field cultivation work, so that the top soil can be cultivated with the bottom of the culvert being in a horizontal state. Even in the end, it can be a horizontal paddy field or field with a uniform topsoil layer, and a uniform pattern can be expected in any part of the field. Cost reduction can be achieved.

  Further, according to the working machine of the present invention, in the case of the bottom working machine, the height control can be performed at the front part and the rear part. The soil can be dried quickly and the next work process can be started, and the leveling machine can ensure the leveling of the topsoil accurately and at the same time. Can be formed, and can contribute to the improvement of rice paddy fields and fields, expansion of scale, etc., thereby reducing costs, stabilizing yields, and improving quality.

  Furthermore, according to the leveling work machine of another invention, the vertical movement of the lower link due to the control motion does not become the vertical movement width of the leveling plate as it is, and the leveling plate is located at an intermediate position from the mounting position of the lower link to the pressure reducing wheel. Therefore, the vertical movement width is small, the unevenness formed on the surface of the topsoil is small, the pitch is also small, and the entire field can be made almost horizontal.

  The above has described the work of leveling the topsoil surface, but by applying a predetermined gradient to the plane drawn by the laser light, if the leveling machine is operated along this gradient surface, the surface of the field will be Inclination can be applied to improve upland irrigation facilities.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

  Hereinafter, before explaining the leveling machine according to the embodiment of the present invention, the bottom working machine used prior to the leveling machine will also be described. First, FIG. 1 thru | or FIG. 4 shows the reversible type bottom plow working machine (henceforth a working machine) which shows the working machine for plowing a tilling layer (floor bed) horizontally. Reference numeral 10 denotes the entire working machine. The working machine 10 has a front frame 11 whose posture is not changed by a reversing motion, and a lever that is rotated with respect to the front frame 11. The frame 21 is constituted. The front frame 11 has a mast 12 having a long hole 12A for mounting an upper link UL provided in the tractor, and a lower frame for mounting a lower link RL extending in the left-right working width direction at the lower end thereof. 13 is held.

  A reverse frame 21 is attached to the front frame 11 via a rotation main shaft, and a reverse cylinder whose upper end is pivotally attached to the mast 12 is attached to the reverse frame 21. 14 is connected, and the reverse frame 21 can be reversed by expansion and contraction of the reverse cylinder 14. The reverse frame 21 has a main frame 221 extending in the working width direction, and is attached to the main frame 221 in an oblique state (with respect to the working width). The mounting frame 222 has eight bottoms 223A attached to the upper and lower sides thereof to constitute a bottom working machine having eight bottoms.

  The mounting frame 222 has two supporting arms 224 extending rearward from the main frame 221, and the mounting frame 222 is supported at the rear end of the supporting arm 224. Yes.

  The front frame 11 and the mounting frame 222 are supported by a support shaft that becomes the center of rotation during the reversing motion, and a support arm 31A is disposed on an extension line of the support shaft 21A. In addition, a horizontal sensor 31 is provided at the distal end of the work unit 10 so that the horizontal state of the work machine 10 can be detected as an electrical signal. A horizontal sensor 32 is also attached to the bottom frame 223. The sensors 32 are provided on both the upper and lower surfaces of the bottom frame 223, and can be used by switching between the upper and lower sensors when reversing. In the normal state, the horizontal state of the work machine 10 in the left-right direction can be detected by the output from the horizontal sensor 32 located on the upper side. Signals output from these horizontal sensors are processed in a control box 34 (microcomputer) to control opening and closing of an electromagnetic valve 45 of a hydraulic circuit described later. Further, at the rearmost position of the bottom frame 222, there is a gage wheel 41. The gage wheel 41 is rotatable at the tip of the swing arm 42 with respect to the bottom frame 223. The swing arm 42 changes the ground angle (θ) by the expansion and contraction of the control cylinder 43, in other words, the ground height of the rear end portion of the bottom frame 223 can be controlled. ing. In other words, by controlling the gage wheel 41, the horizontal state in the front-rear direction can be controlled together with the horizontal state in the left-right direction of the work machine 10. A signal obtained from the horizontal sensor 31 is sent to a hydraulic circuit of a lift control mechanism provided in the tractor. The control cylinder 43 may be either a double-acting type or a single-acting type, but here, a single-acting type is used, and the expansion is performed by a compression spring 43A and can be contracted by supplying pressure oil. It has become. In this case, the return circuit of the pressure oil chamber 43X can be omitted, and a one-way valve can be substituted for the piston.

  The above description has been given of the type in which the height of the bottom 223A is selected by adjusting the height of the gauge wheel 41. However, as shown in FIGS. Instead, a wheel 411 can also be used. That is, the end of the rod A of the control cylinder 43 is connected to the center position of the wheel support members 412 and 413 having a rectangular shape, and the wheels 411 are respectively connected to the wheel support members 412 and 413 by the pins 411A. These wheels 411 are attached to the pin 223Y with respect to the land side of the bottom 223Z located at the rearmost end of the bottom 223A, and hit the stopper 223X at the front side of the pivot point. Suppresses the toe from floating.

  Accordingly, when the control cylinder 43 is extended with the wheel 411 in contact with the ground, the rear end portion of the bottom frame 222 to which the bottom is attached with the wheel 411 as a tension member is lifted. This state is performed when the bottom group is in the bottom-down state, and the horizontal state is maintained as a whole. Conversely, when it is detected that the bottom group is in the top-up state, the control cylinder 43 is contracted to slightly lift the grounded wheel 411 so that the bottom group bottom part is correspondingly raised. Keep the whole horizontal by lowering. These controls are the same as in the case of the gage wheel control, and the horizontal control circuit of the tractor, the gage wheel, or the wheel is obtained by the signals obtained by the horizontal sensors 31, 32. With this control, the horizontal state of the work machine 10 is controlled, whereby the bottom S is controlled to be horizontal.

  An end of a lift rod 51 forming a lift mechanism 50 is connected to the lower link RL provided in the tractor. A lift arm 53 extends on the opposite side of the pivot point 52. The rod 54A of the lift cylinder 54 is connected to the end, and the lower link RL can be moved up and down via the lift rod 51 by rotating the lift arm 53 by the expansion and contraction movement of the lift cylinder 54. Yes.

  The lift cylinder 54 is controlled by a signal from the horizontal sensor 31, and a drive source provided in the tractor is driven by pressure oil from a hydraulic pump P36. That is, it is input to the control circuit 34 including the control microcomputer, and the work machine 10 is raised and lowered in the control circuit 34 to maintain the level, in other words, so that the bed formed by the bottom becomes horizontal. Be controlled. For this control, a switching valve 37 that switches the flow of pressure oil in response to a signal from the control circuit 34 is used, whereby pressure oil is supplied from the pump 36 to the lift cylinder 54 via the flow rate control valve 37. . The flow control valve 37 also receives a signal from the control circuit and controls its opening, in other words, the amount of oil supplied.

  FIG. 6 shows that the signal of the horizontal sensor 32 is processed by the control box 34 and the horizontal of the work machine 10 can be controlled by controlling the gauge wheel 41 and the wheel 411. Yes.

  The horizontal posture of the work implement 10 is controlled by moving the gauge wheel 41 up and down. That is, when the work machine 10 is in the forwardly raised state, the lift cylinder 54 is extended (via the lift rod 51) to lower the front part of the work machine 10, and the horizontal state in the left and right direction together with the gage wheel. The ground arm θ of the swing arm 42 that supports 41 (the angle with respect to the horizontal plane) is reduced to control the direction in which the rear portion of the work machine 10 is raised, so that the work machine 10 as a whole is in a horizontal state, in other words, the bottom 223. The bed B formed by is controlled so as to be in a horizontal state.

  Similarly to the lift mechanism, the mechanism for moving the gage wheel 41 up and down controls the flow rate of the drive pressure oil from the control circuit 44 based on the horizontal signal obtained from the horizontal sensor 32, and includes a hydraulic pump (described above). Pressure oil from the same as the hydraulic pump is supplied to the control cylinder 43 through the switching valve 45 and the flow rate control valve 46. When the ground angle θ of the gage wheel 41 is increased by rotating the swing arm 42, the control cylinder 43 is contracted to supply the pressure oil to the pressure oil chamber 43X in the cylinder. To do. At this time, the pressure oil chamber 43Y has a compression spring 43A that pushes against the piston, so that a hydraulic pressure with a pressure exceeding the resistance force of the compression spring 43A is applied. In other words, the posture control is performed by contracting the control cylinder 43 when the left end of the work machine 10 needs to be raised, and conversely extending the control cylinder 43 when lowering the left end. This control can also be used for horizontal control of the work machine 10 in the front-rear direction. That is, if the ground angle increases, the rear end portion of the work implement 10 rises. Conversely, if the ground angle decreases, the rear end portion of the work implement 10 decreases.

  Since the compression spring 43A always pushes the piston, the piston is pushed only by releasing the pressure oil in the pressure chamber 43X, the control cylinder 43 extends, and in addition, the work machine 10 is used for reversing motion. When the lift is lifted, the swing arm 42 is released from the restriction such as the ground on which the gage wheel is in contact, so that the gage wheel 41 is always kept under its own weight including the gage wheel 41. It will be rotated in the direction of grounding.

  Such an operation is controlled by a signal from the horizontal sensor 32. The posture of the work implement 10 is detected, and the state is displayed on the operator of the tractor. Although the operator can manually perform the expansion / contraction of the control cylinder 43 or the lift cylinder 54 of the lift mechanism, automatic control is possible according to the embodiment of the present invention.

  In the above description, the attitude of the bottom working machine 10 is controlled in order to level the dredged bottom S. Next, the surface soil after plowing and reversal using the bottom working machine 10 is leveled. A so-called leveling work machine 60 according to the present invention will be described. This leveling work machine 60 is a work machine frame 61 in order from the head of the work progressing direction in order from a tine 62 or a vertical crusher that rotates about a vertical axis, and a coarse crusher such as a granbra that rotates about a horizontal axis. 63, followed by a leveling plate 64 and a spring coil type pressure suppressor 65, and the tine 65X is arranged in parallel in the working width direction in front of the pressure suppressor 65. The pressure reducer 65 has a main frame 65M in the working width direction. Arms 65A are provided at the left and right ends of the main frame 65M, and both ends of the central support shaft 65B are supported by the arms 65A. Thus, the coil-shaped rotating body constituting the pressure suppressor can rotate about the support shaft 65B.

  Further, the main frame 65M has a frame 66 protruding in front of the main frame 65M. The frame 66 is a frame of a working machine constituted by the flat plate 64 and the crusher 63 through a support shaft 66B. The frame 66 is attached to the rear end portion of the frame 61. The frame 66 can be rotated in a vertical plane with respect to the frame 61 around a pivot shaft 66B. A mast 66C is erected at the center of the main frame 65M, and an end of a rod 67A of a telescopic cylinder 67, which will be described in detail later, is attached to the mast 66C. On the other hand, the frame 66 rotates in the vertical plane along the working direction around the pivot shaft 66B, so that the frame 66, that is, the pressure suppressor, can move up and down. The height of the flat plate 64 from the ground surface is controlled by changing the ground angle θ of the support arm 65A that supports the pressure suppressor 65 by the expansion and contraction of the telescopic cylinder 67. In other words, it is possible to adjust the amount of earthing by the flat plate 64.

  Since the leveling machine 60 is also pulled by the tractor, it has a mast 68 for attaching the upper link UL, and a pair of mounting plates 612 for attaching the lower link RL with an appropriate interval. An arm-shaped support plate 613 that is disposed in both spaces and extends forward in the working direction of the frame 61 is inserted into the space and supported by a hitch pin 611. The entire leveling machine behind the support plate 613 can freely rotate in a horizontal plane. The position of the hitch pin 611 is located in front of the position of the line connecting the free ends of the lower links RL, and the leveling machine can follow and move even when the tractor T travels in a curve. ing. Therefore, continuous work is possible without forming a headland in a field of one section.

  For the expansion / contraction control of the expansion / contraction cylinder 67, a signal obtained by receiving the horizontal signal H emitted from the light emitter 33X by the light receiver 33 standing on the frame 61 is used. It can be performed by a mechanism similar to the height control of the gage wheel 41 in the work machine 10, in other words, the height control of the gage wheel 41, and is supported in place of the swing arm 42 in FIG. The ground angle θ of the arm 65A is controlled, and the coil forming the pressure reducer 65 performs the same function as the gage wheel 41 in the bottom working machine.

  The leveling machine 60 is provided with a light receiver 33 that receives a laser beam as a horizontal signal emitted from a laser light emitter 33X standing at an appropriate place in a farm field. The position is directly above the flat plate. If the light receiver 33 is always in a horizontal plane drawn with the horizontal signal H as a reference, the work implement 60 will work in a certain horizontal plane. That is, when the flat plate 64 is at a position deeper than a predetermined depth, the telescopic cylinder 67 is extended to position the coil forming the pressure suppressor 65 deeply. In other words, a force in a direction in which the leveling plate 64 is raised is applied using the coil as an outrigger (protruding member) to increase the ground angle θ of the swing arm 65A, thereby raising the position of the leveling plate 64. For these controls, the same control system as a hydraulic circuit that moves the bottom up and down by a signal from the horizontal sensor in the bottom working machine is used.

  On the other hand, when the flat plate 64 is at a position shallower than the predetermined depth, the position of the flat plate 64 is lowered by reducing the ground angle θ of the swing arm 65A contrary to the above. In this operation, the telescopic cylinder 67 is contracted to rotate the frame 66 about the pivot shaft 66B, thereby reducing the ground angle θ of the swing arm 65A. In other words, the leveling plate 64 is lowered by raising the pressure suppressor 65. While repeating such an operation, the field work machine 60 is pulled by the tractor to crush the soil on the surface of the field and level it. At this time, the soil is brought forward by the flat plate 64, but in the conventional one, the soil gathered between the rotating coarse crusher becomes a mass and is simply pushing the soil. In some cases, the field function may be hindered. However, the crambra 63 is moved up and moved forward in the working direction by moving the crusher 63 which is gathered due to the arrangement of the crumbler 63, so that the lump-like soil is dissolved. It becomes possible to eliminate the occurrence of lumps. In particular, as apparent from the plan views shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the belt-like member 63 </ b> X is wound in a spiral shape, so that the movement while crushing the soil is promoted. In addition, since the edge of the member 63X has a saw-tooth-like crushed soil function, the crushed soil function is also improved.

  In the above description, the type in which the pressure suppressor 65 is moved up and down to control the position of the leveling plate 64 is described. However, as shown in FIG. 11, the leveling plate 64 is directly moved up and down using the telescopic cylinder 69. The rod 69A of the expansion / contraction cylinder 69 is attached to an arm member 64B protruding from a support member 64A that supports the flat plate 64, and the arm member 64B is a guide 64C provided on the frame 61. It is configured to move up and down along. The light receiver 33 is arranged so as to coincide with the vertical movement direction of the arm member 64B. In this embodiment, a turn buckle 69X is provided between the mast 65B and the mast 68 in order to adjust the height of the pressure suppressor 64, and the height of the pressure suppressor 64 in relation to the flat plate 64 is adjusted by the crank handle 69Y. Fine adjustment is possible.

  The coarse crusher described above, so-called crumbler 63, is supported at the free end 632A of the arm 632 in which both ends of the support shaft 631 at the center are supported by the pivot shaft 61A with respect to the frame 61. Thus, regardless of the posture of the frame 61, the crambler 63 can be grounded according to the shape of the field surface according to gravity. In other words, the crumbler is always slightly deeper than the surface of the field due to its own weight, so if there is an extreme difference in the left and right heights of the crumbler on the field surface, either end may float, Even if there is, there is almost contact. Therefore, the movement according to the shape of the topsoil is made to further ensure the crushed soil effect.

  In particular, in order to ensure contact with the field surface, if a ball joint swivel bearing is used for the support structure of the support arm 632 and the support shaft 632A, even if a height difference occurs in the left-right direction. Since the support arm 632 and the support shaft 632A are not restricted to a right angle state, the pressure reducing member of the pressure reducer can reliably contact the surface of the field. In the tine type earth crusher shown in FIG. 11, if the tine 62 is attached to the support shaft 632 and the tines are arranged in a two-row type, the same work as a disk type earth crusher can be expected. .

  Further, as shown in FIG. 8, the flat plate 64 is pivotally supported at the center position in the working width direction, and is rotatable in a horizontal plane along the working width direction. On the other hand, the rod 641A of the cylinder 641 is attached, and the angle of the flat plate 64 with respect to the work progressing direction can be adjusted by the expansion and contraction of the cylinder 641. As a result, the resistance of the soil at the time of soiling is reduced.

  In addition to the working machine using the tine 62 described above, as shown in FIG. 13, a rotation torque is supplied from the TPO shaft of the tractor T, and the rotation in the vertical plane passes through the gear groups G1 and G2 and is perpendicular to the surface. The torque is transmitted to the gear groups G11 and G12 that rotate in the horizontal plane by the bevel gear GB located at the end of the gear groups G1 and G2, and the disk D1 provided on each gear of the gear groups G11 and G12. It is also possible to use a rotary type coarse crusher configured by rotating the rotary claws attached to D2, and the stirring claws K1 and K2, thereby causing the crushing action.

  Next, the field work of the paddy field using the working machine described above will be described. The paddy field (FIG. 14) to be worked is subjected to the tilling inversion work using the bottom working machine 10 (FIG. 15). In this case, according to the bottom working machine 10, the bed S is always in a horizontal state, and the surface Swells closer to the heel, but this is flattened by later work. The importance of the horizontal bed S being leveled is omitted because it has been described in the section of the prior art, but it is the most important work in the method of the present invention, and this makes it possible to provide a paddy field in a uniform environment. This makes it possible to make the pattern uniform.

  Further, the surface of the paddy field is continuously leveled while simultaneously carrying out the coarse crushing and crushing using the leveling machine 60 (FIG. 16).

  The paddy field (FIG. 17) to be described next shows a case where the farms A and B where there is a difference in ground exist are formed in one farm as the scale increases, and there is a ridge AZ in the middle part, and this ridge AZ is removed. Then, when expanding the paddy field scale, plowing is reversed on the portion B except for the straw AZ. At this time, the plowing depth is set deeper than the portion A (FIG. 18). And after drying the soil of the lower layer part which became the upper layer part, the upper part is moved to A while coarsely crushing and roughing the ground (FIG. 19).

  Further, the field work of the present invention is carried out so that both parts A and B are plowed using a bottom working machine so that the bottom S is in common and horizontal (FIG. 20), and then the whole becomes a field. Finish using the machine.

  21 and 22 show actual field work using a conventional leveling machine. When the field surface H is inclined by α with respect to the absolute horizontal plane, the state of the tractor T is inclined, and thereby leveling is performed. Since the work machine 60 is necessarily inclined by α, the leveling work needs to be performed while being repeated four or five times. The cause is that the crusher 63 is fixed to the frame. Therefore, in the field work, the work is performed in a state where the flat plate 64 is inclined by α, and it is necessary to repeat the work many times. The surface pressure is hardened by applying the pedaling pressure by re-applying.

  On the other hand, according to the working machine 60 of the present invention, as shown in FIGS. Therefore, the work can be performed while maintaining the horizontal state without being constrained by the posture of the frame 61, so that the crushed work can be performed in a state close to the horizontal. The scraping work can be done at a smaller angle. Therefore, it is possible to level the surface of the field roughly by applying twice.

  In the above description, the type in which the pressure suppressor 65 is moved up and down to control the position of the leveling plate 64 has been described. However, as shown in FIG. The flat plate 64 may be moved up and down. That is, the rod 69A of the telescopic cylinder 69 is attached to the arm member 64B protruding from the support member 64A that supports the leveling plate 64, and this rod 69A along the guide 64C provided in the frame 61 together with the arm member 64B. It can be moved up and down. A support post 38A that supports the light receiving portion 38 is disposed right above the flat plate 64 in a side view so that the light receiving portion 38 can also move up and down in accordance with the vertical movement direction of the flat plate 64. In this embodiment, a turnbuckle 69X is provided between the mast 66C and the mast 68 in order to adjust the height of the pressure suppressor 65, and the height of the pressure suppressor 65 is manually adjusted by the crank handle 69Y prior to work. Set. For height control based on the set height, the entire leveling work machine is moved up and down in the same manner as the reversible bottom work machine using a lift mechanism of the tractor on the horizontal plane drawn by the laser beam. The pressure-reducing wheel as the pressure-reducing machine 65 may be of a rubber tire type or a wheel of an iron wheel attached to the support shaft 65B, and can also be used by replacing it with a sled. This is effective when the suppression effect is not expected (in the case of a field where there is no need for suppression), and the wheels and sleds at that time are arranged at both ends of the support shaft 65B, or at the center, or between both ends. Can also be arranged across the entire width of the work. Accordingly, a function as a fulcrum when controlling the vertical movement of the flat plate 64 can be expected.

  The leveling work machine 160 (FIG. 25) shown in the next embodiment is obtained by receiving the horizontal signal H of the horizontal plane drawn by the laser light emitting part 33X by the light receiving part 38 provided on the support 38A of the leveling work machine 160. The lower link RL is moved up and down via the lift rod 51 by a drooping signal. This vertical movement driving operation is the same as that in the above embodiment, but is characterized in the portion where the upper link UL and the mast 168 are attached. That is, there is a long hole 168A in the vertical plane along the work progress direction, and the upper link mounting pin ULX can move back and forth along the work progress direction within the range of the long hole 168A.

  Therefore, when the tractor rides on the unevenness (FIG. 28) on the field surface, the leveling work machine 160 also moves up and down. For example, when the tractor rides on the convex part and the leveling work machine 160 rises, the leveling work machine 160 rises. Although the flat plate 163 is lowered, since the pressure suppressor 164 is always in a grounded state, even if the leveling plate 163 is lowered, a lever motion is performed with the grounding point 164A as a fulcrum, and the frame 161 is moved forward and downward. To correct. This means that the mounting pin ULX of the upper link UL in the long hole 168A is moved to the rear side of the long hole 168A. In other words, since a tensile load is applied to the upper link UL, a hydraulic control circuit described later is switched, and the lower link RL is pushed down via the lift arm 53 and the lift rod 51. At this time, the vertical movement width of the flat plate 163 is always smaller than the vertical movement control width of the tractor, and there is no extreme vertical movement as in the L curve shown in FIG. The entire surface is formed in a horizontal plane. In other words, the vertical control width by the tractor does not directly become the vertical movement of the flat plate 163, but only the width of the long hole (only the movement width of the mounting pin ULX) moves up and down, like Oyama Koyama. However, the entire farm scene is formed on a horizontal plane.

  That is, when the mounting pin ULX moves in the range of the long hole 168A, the movement is sent to the sensor S1 that detects the movement amount via the wire W1 or the rod, and the hydraulic circuit is switched by the output from the control box CB such as a microcomputer. The position of the valve V1 is switched, and the direction of the oil flow from the hydraulic pump P is switched. At the same time, the output signal of the control box CB is input to the control valve CV that controls the amount of oil from the hydraulic pump P, and the hydraulic control circuit 50 that controls the opening degree is configured.

  This is a state in which the light receiving unit 38 is deviated upward from the region of the horizontal signal H, and the oil path of the hydraulic control circuit 50 is switched by the signal, and the light receiving unit 38 returns to the region of the horizontal signal H. Thus, a load in the push-down direction is applied to the lower link RL. As a result, the leveling plate 163 performs leveling work while moving in a plane parallel to the horizontal plane drawn by the horizontal signal H. In this case, the lower edge 163A of the leveling plate 163 repeats a small vertical movement as shown in FIG. 20 in relation to the traveling speed of the tractor, but the (average) plane as a whole is a laser beam. It becomes parallel to the horizontal plane drawn by.

  The effect of the long hole 168A of the mast 168 in the present invention becomes obvious at a glance when compared with a flat work machine not equipped with this. In other words, if the light receiving unit 38 is moved downward from the horizontal plane region, the control mechanism performs the action of pulling up the entire leveling work machine 160 upward. However, since the entire leveling machine 160 is pulled up, the leveling plate 163 naturally rises upward. In this case, since the height at which the leveling work machine 160 is lifted upward is equal to the lift height at which the leveling plate 163 is lifted upward, relatively large irregularities are formed on the field surface by the leveling plate 163. In other words, although the position of the unevenness changes, the size of the unevenness does not change, leaving a problem in leveling the topsoil surface.

  However, according to the leveling work machine 160 of the present invention, the play between the upper link UL and the mast 168 of the leveling work machine is enabled by the long hole 168A. However, the lift height of the lower edge portion of the flat plate 163 becomes smaller than the lift height of the lower link RL. That is, since the lift height of the leveling work machine 160 is a lever motion with the ground contact point 164A of the pressure reducing wheel 164 as a fulcrum, it is below the level plate 163 between the lower link RL mounting point and the ground contact point 164A. The lift height of the edge portion 163A is naturally smaller than the lift height of the leveling work machine 160. The closer the leveling plate 163 is to the pressure-reducing wheel 164, the smaller the lift height becomes, and the unevenness with a small pitch on the field surface. Is formed, but can be finished to a substantially horizontal surface as a whole.

  In the above embodiment, a long hole in which the mounting pin ULX plays between the upper link UL and the mast 168, that is, a so-called free zone is formed, but as shown in FIG. 27A, the upper link UL and the tractor are attached. The posture of the work implement can be detected even if the zone is provided with a free zone, and the position of the mounting pin in the attachment portion with the tractor can be transmitted to the sensor S1 by the transmission means. In this embodiment, it is easy to route the wire or the like as the transmission means, but it is somewhat difficult to change the tractor.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 27B, the mast 168 may be constituted by a fixed mast 168X and a movable mast 168Y having a pin hinge 168Z, and an upper link UL may be attached thereto. It is also possible to transmit the tilting movement of the movable mast 168Y to the sensor S1 via the wire W1 or the like, and to switch the hydraulic control circuit 50 by the output. According to this embodiment, the tractor is not required to be modified and is simple, but a part of the mast needs to be modified. However, the selection of the position of the stopper 168B can select the free zone. It becomes easy.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 27C, neither the tractor nor the work machine is configured, and the upper link is configured by two members 168M and 168N, and a slide is possible between them, and the member 168M has a long hole 168P. A pin 168E that fits into the long hole 168P is formed on the member 168N so that the pin 168E can move within the range of the long hole 168P. It is also possible to transmit the movement to a sensor by using a wire as a transmission means.

  Which of these should be selected may be selected according to the convenience of routing the wire as a transmission means from the position detection position of the work implement to the sensor, and may be selected according to the ability of the work implement. That's fine.

  Next, the leveling operation of the paddy field using the working machine described above will be described. The paddy field (FIG. 14) to be worked is subjected to the tilling inversion work using the bottom working machine 10 (FIG. 15). In this case, according to the bottom working machine 10, the bed S is always in a horizontal state, and the surface Swells closer to the heel, but this is flattened by later work. The importance of the horizontal bed S being leveled is omitted because it has been described in the section of the prior art, but it is the most important work in the method of the present invention, and this makes it possible to provide a paddy field in a uniform environment. This makes it possible to make the pattern uniform.

  Furthermore, a leveling operation is performed to continuously level the paddy field while simultaneously performing coarse crushing and crushing simultaneously using the leveling machine 160 (FIG. 16).

In the above description, the expansion of the paddy field has been described. Of course, the paddy field can be used to expand the field, and is not limited to the paddy field.

It is a top view of the bottom working machine of the present invention. It is a side view of the bottom working machine of the present invention. It is a top view of the other Example of the bottom working machine of this invention. It is a side view of the other Example of the bottom working machine of this invention. . It is a control circuit diagram of the lift mechanism of the bottom working machine of the present invention. It is a control circuit diagram of the gage wheel of the bottom working machine of the present invention. It is a side view of the leveling machine of the present invention. It is a partial top view of the leveling machine of this invention. It is a partially expanded plan view of the leveling machine of the present invention. FIG. 10 is an explanatory plan view showing an angle change of the flat plate in FIG. 9. It is a side view of the leveling machine by another Example. It is a side view of the leveling machine by another Example. It is a side view of the earth crusher replaced with the tine by another Example. It is sectional drawing of the paddy field which applies this invention. It is sectional drawing of the paddy field which gave plowing inversion of the paddy field which applies this invention. It is sectional drawing of the state which performed the post-cultivation field work after the rough crushed soil of the paddy field which applies this invention. It is sectional drawing of the object paddy field accompanying the scale expansion of a paddy field. It is sectional drawing of the state which similarly removed the paddy field paddle. It is sectional drawing of the state which similarly plowed the paddy field. It is sectional drawing of the paddy field which shows the state of work completion. It is a rear view of the tractor of the working state by the conventional working machine. It is a rear view of the uniform flat work machine of the working state by the conventional working machine. It is a rear view of the tractor of the working state by this invention working machine. It is a rear view of the uniform flat working machine of the working state by this invention working machine. It is a side view of the leveling machine by this invention. It is explanatory drawing of the control system of the leveling work machine by this invention. It is explanatory drawing of the Example of a free zone. It is explanatory drawing of the correction | amendment operation | work of the unevenness | corrugation of topsoil.

Explanation of symbols

10 Bottom working machine
11 Front frame
12 Mast
13 Lower frame
14 Reverse cylinder
221 Main frame 222 Frame
223 Bottom 224 Support frame
31 Horizontal sensor 32 Horizontal sensor
33 Light-receiving unit 33X Laser light-emitting unit
34 Control circuit 35 Switching valve
38 Light-receiving part 41 Gage wheel
42 Swing arm 43 Control cylinder
43X Pressure oil chamber 43Y Pressure oil chamber
43A Compression spring 45 Switching valve
46 Flow control valve 50 Lift mechanism
51 lift rod 52 pivot point
53 Lift arm 54 Lift cylinder
54A Rod 60 leveling machine
161 Frame 162 Crusher
163 Flat plate 164 Pressing wheel
165 Frame 166 Pivoting Pin
167 Telescopic cylinder 168 Mast
168A Long hole UL upper link for mounting the upper link
ULX pivot pin RL lower link

Claims (1)

A work machine frame is constructed by attaching a pressure-reducing wheel to the work machine frame at least after the leveling plate, and detecting the horizontal state at the light receiving unit on the horizontal plane drawn by the laser beam. In leveling machine configured to control the attitude of
Formed on the mast of the frame of the working machine, in which the mounting pin of the upper link attached to the frame of the working machine fits the mounting pin so that the mounting pin can be moved back and forth along the working direction. A slotted hole,
A lower link attachment position attached to the frame of the working machine, and a leveling plate attached to a position between the grounding point of the pressure reducing wheel,
The flat plate is moved up and down with the grounding point of the pressure reducing wheel as a fulcrum by the vertical movement of the lower link so that the flat plate has a predetermined height with respect to a reference plane determined by the laser beam. A leveling machine characterized by the construction.