JPH08238001A - Working machine for forming uniform soil layer in paddy field - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To provide a method for forming uniform soil layer in a paddy field capable of harvesting crops such as rice uniformly every part in a paddy field by uniforming the depth not of the layer from the soil surface but of plow layer by making the sole of a spade horizontal when the environmental control of the paddy field is performed and also to provide a working machine extremely useful. for it. CONSTITUTION: The depth of plow layer is made uniform by performing plowing while keeping the sole of a spade of a bottom working machine 10 always horizontal against a standard plane when a field is plowed. The working machine has such a structure as to perform plowing while bottoms are raised and lowered, and a leveling board of a leveling machine is raised and lowered against the standard plane after soil is roughly crushed. Further, a soil-crushing machine moves in a horizontal direction independently from the frame of the working machine. The objective working machine enables the formation of the uniform plow-layer depth above the sole of the spade and uniform harvest every part of a field, and accordingly it can contribute to the lowering of the production cost of crops.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for forming a uniform soil layer in a paddy field and a working machine suitable for this work, and more particularly to a method for ensuring that the paddy field has a uniform soil environment. Regarding work machines.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art First, since the background of the present invention cannot be explained without considering the current situation of Japanese agriculture, the actual situation of Japanese agriculture will be explained. The environment surrounding Japan's agriculture has long held the position that self-sufficiency is essential due to the need for food security, but due to changes in the international trade environment, that position began to break down, and the Uruguay Round signed this year. With the above arrangement, the minimum import amount of rice has become obligatory while increasing the number of rice imports every year, and it is inevitable that the agricultural policy will continue to change after the war. The anti-counterfeit policy that continued until 1992 had to be reviewed due to an unprecedented bad harvest last year (1993). First, 670,000 hectares
Leopard reduction policy was eased to 600,000 ha and 4
It is still new to us that a policy aimed at increasing production by 0,000 tons has been announced.

However, the partial import of rice has finally begun, and furthermore, foreign rice that has been urgently imported this year by the spring of 1994 has become a large inventory, and the
Given that nearly two million tons of inventories will be produced in a month, the reality is that it is inevitable that the policy will be changed to strengthening the reduction policy again within half a year from the planning. However,
Even if the rice surplus phenomenon occurs, the international commitment of minimum access must be implemented, and the amount of imports cannot be suppressed. Japan's agricultural policy is trying to overcome this. This is no-policies (measures) rather than agricultural politics, and is a cat-eye policy. To put it in an extreme way, if rice is left over, rice production will be suppressed, and if there is not enough rice, rice production will be encouraged. Amateur policy is adopted. If rice is scarce, incentives will be scattered, and if there is excess rice, it will only be used to settle fallows.In any case, since these policies are operated by large subsidies, many producers Lost their willingness to work and Japanese agriculture fell into an industry with no future potential, resulting in the number of new employees falling below 2,000 every year, and the survival of the agricultural sector as an industry with no successor. It is being driven into a situation of concern. The responsibility for falling into such a situation lies with the development of consciousness and the farmers without reform, but the person in charge of formulating agricultural policies and executing agricultural affairs also has a great responsibility. Most of these agricultural policy makings are based on desk logic and are decided by bureaucrats who do not understand the actual state of agriculture in Japan. The reduction policy and the conversion policy can be easily decided, and the conversion from “field” to “field” can be done simply by adding “fire” to the word “field”.
It seems that it is considered to be converted to.

However, the conversion work from rice fields to fields is
It is not a simple task of adding a "fire" to the character of "ta", it is extremely difficult, and it is not possible to think like it is on a desk. Since it is extremely difficult to convert the once converted fields into paddy fields, it is necessary to carefully perform the conversion work.

By the way, even if a paddy field is converted into upland cultivation, the conversion itself is not a simple task, and it cannot be converted into a field suitable for upland cultivation unless the soil structure is fully recognized. Generally, the cross-sectional structure of a field suitable for upland cultivation is composed of three layers, a soil layer on the outermost surface, a cultivator layer underneath it, and a subsoil layer that does not allow any moisture to pass underneath. Has been done. For the growth of crops, it is ideal that the soil layer always contains an appropriate amount of water and has sufficient depth.

It is not difficult to imagine that the conversion work from paddy fields to upland fields, which is carried out by the rice reduction policy, has many problems, and upland crops, unlike rice fields, suffer a great deal of damage when flooded, so they were converted. Upland fields must have a structure that can reliably remove surface water from the soil. However, in paddy fields, especially in heavily soiled paddy fields, trampling due to the use of large tractors and soil subsidence solidified due to excessive scratching, resulting in poor soil physical properties such as breathability, water permeability, and water retention. In addition, by rotary cultivation that is repeated every year,
Forming a difference in tillage depth and making a good growth condition. Therefore, top-dressing is locally applied to make the growth uniform, but the results are suspicious.

Even if a culvert is provided below the cultivator bed layer, if there is a large amount of rainfall, the soil layer on the surface of the ground will have stagnant water and become over-humidified, resulting in a so-called mud state. On the contrary, if there is no rainfall for a long period of time, the cultivating layer blocks the uptake of water from the soil layer to the lower layer, and only the soil layer becomes dry, causing so-called drought. There is.

Therefore, when the above-mentioned paddy field is converted into a field field, the cultivating layer, which has poor water permeability and water retention, is destroyed, and the subsoil layer below it is in a softened state. By improving the air permeability and water permeability of the soil, the depth of the cropping layer is desirable for the field crop, for example, 20 to 3
It is necessary to make it 0 cm or more.

From such a point of view, conventionally, in order to convert a paddy field into a field field, a depth of 50 to 60 cm is destroyed with a subsoil crusher and the subsoil layer is expanded and softened. After that, a method of plowing and reversing the soil with a plow, or a method of plowing and reversing the soil and plow layers together with a subsoil plowing and puffing the subsoil layer is adopted.

Also, in order to improve the removal of surface water from the soil layer, the trencher is perpendicular to the existing underdrain and has a depth of 50 cm.
Dig a groove of ~ 60cm, put the chaff into the groove manually,
Methods are also being used to improve the permeability of fields. In addition, a rice husk insertion hopper is attached to the upper part of the bullet culvert excavator, and by combination with a blower driven by the PTO of the tractor, the rice husk inside the hopper is forcibly blown into the bullet culvert's post passing through groove to fill the chaff filling bullet. An underdrain construction machine is also known.

These are for survival of Japanese agriculture by converting paddy fields into upland fields, but it is also necessary to activate paddy agriculture in order to activate and survive Japanese agriculture. There is no place.

[0012]

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] In order to activate paddy field agriculture, a large-scale field is economically necessary, and in addition to labor saving work, it is necessary to increase the yield per unit area. However, although the level of labor saving has been improved to some extent by the mechanization of work, it is extremely difficult to improve the yield per unit area. In particular, it is extremely difficult to expect a uniform crop in a large-scale field, and if this is not overcome, the scale will increase, but the yield could not be expanded so much. Therefore, if uniform crops can be expected over the entire field, revitalization of Japanese agriculture is not a dream, together with the improvement of work efficiency through scale expansion. Therefore, the present invention is not only a national policy to increase the scale of paddy fields, but it is also possible to obtain high yields by equalizing the soil-growing environment over the entire field and to sufficiently compete against international competition in terms of cost. The purpose is.

Originally, to prepare the environment of the paddy field is to improve the permeability and drainage, and to stop excessive scratching that may promote respiratory disorder of the crop. However, in reality, he does not prefer excessive scraping work, but there are timing restrictions in supplying water to paddy fields.
Also, since the growth of seedlings cannot suppress this, the scraping work should be minimized in order to level the surface of the paddy field in a short period of time, but the current scraping work is Rather than the original purpose of scraping work, it is technically laborious and difficult to finish the rice field leveling work in a short time by moving the soil mainly through water and learning from the water surface. Has become. In addition, a scraping operation is adopted to improve the effect of the herbicide. If the surface of the field can be leveled before the paddy field is filled with water, only one scraping operation is sufficient and the problem of excessive scraping does not occur. Although such an ideal is known, it is extremely difficult and a dream to dream that it is extremely difficult to make the surface of the field horizontal in the agricultural situation of Japan, which mainly uses rotary cultivators. Because, in a rotary cultivator, the working standard is the depth from the surface, the difference in soil hardness changes the plowing depth, and the agitation of the soil by the rotary also causes the weed seeds to stir and proliferate. And then
This requires extra herbicide. The soil on the surface of the field has moved considerably for one year due to rotary agitation, wind, and the drainage environment, and it is necessary to correct this movement every year. However, although the surface has been leveled, there has been almost no modification of the soil environment throughout the soil layer, in other words, the correction of the soil that has moved. Next, I will briefly describe what improvements and improvements are necessary. Paddy fields can be broadly classified into wet fields, dry fields, and leaky fields. The most ideal paddy field is the dry paddy field, but this dry paddy field is hardly seen in the present rural areas, as it is said to be "old dry field and now wet field". In the case of dry rice field, the depth of decrease (sedimentation rate) of paddy water is 15 to 15
With 20 mm, oxygen (O ₂ ) can be uniformly supplied to the entire soil. On the other hand, in the case of Shitsuden is too small time in the particle size of the soil to carry out puddling, or reduced water depth of paddy field water (sedimentation rate) is very slow, almost no, the oxygen (O ₂₎ in soil for the Unable to supply,
We cannot expect sufficient growth of rice by causing respiratory disorders. Then, how to form a dry field and a wet field results in the problem of whether the soil layer near the surface has been moved in order to maintain the field. Ideally, it is necessary that soil and upholstery soil should not be formed during maintenance, but if someone who has little knowledge of paddy soil performs maintenance work, soil and upholstery soil will inevitably be formed. . Then, what is meant by an ideal paddy field is that it is required that the plow layer is usually horizontal, not the surface of the paddy field but under the cropping layer. However, although we have been focusing on the horizontal surface of the paddy field, it seems that we achieved the purpose because it is relatively easy to do, but in extreme cases, the soil layer is It was believed that it would be possible to make a rice paddy with a horizontal surface without any use, which would make water management easier, and if fertilizer was applied to it, it would be desirable to increase the yield. Is an ideal paddy field that does not increase yield. Nevertheless, the reason why the work has been focused on the leveling of the surface of the paddy field is due to the misunderstanding that the meaning of horizontal is to the surface or the misunderstanding. Therefore,
It is not possible to cultivate rice with sufficient yield by simply leveling the surface of the paddy field, but water management is easy if the depth of the soil layer can be made uniform by turning upside down instead of leveling the surface of the paddy field. In addition to suppressing the overgrowth of weeds, the effect of fertilization is improved even with a small amount of rice growth, and it is resistant to changes in the weather, and it will be reformed into a stable revenue-increasing system. However, in the history of rice farming, the idea of making the part that is usually called the plow layer below the crop soil layer horizontal is thin, and the focus is mainly on growth management above ground. The present invention described below is the first one since the history of rice cultivation. The present invention not only solves the problems of Japanese agriculture described above and prepares a paddy environment suitable for rice cultivation, but also contributes to the development of strong Japanese agriculture that can sufficiently cope with the internationalization of agriculture. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method suitable for forming a paddy field most suitable for rice cultivation and a working machine suitable for carrying out the method.

[0014]

To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a bottom working machine having two horizontal detecting means, at least one of which is a horizontal sensor mounted on a frame. The remaining one is the horizontal sensor in the left and right direction, and the front end is controlled by the lift mechanism control output.
At the rear end, posture control is performed by raising and lowering a gauge wheel or a wheel having the same function as this, and the bottom is kept horizontal in the work advancing direction, while the work width direction is framed. It is a bottom work machine characterized by performing the tillage reversal work while maintaining the horizontal state by the attached horizontal sensor, and at least the left and right ends can freely move up and down independently. A leveling machine equipped with a crusher supported by a supporting mechanism, a leveling plate, and a crusher, further comprising a work reference signal receiving section, and the leveling plate or the crushing device depending on the received signal. By moving one of the machines up and down, the height of the flat plate against the surface soil is controlled, and the flat plate swings to the left and right with the center in the width direction as the fulcrum within the plane along the work width direction. It is characterized in that it has configured to control the angle of.

[0015]

According to the present invention, the plow bottom is formed horizontally during the tillage reversal work by the bottom working machine in order to make the surface soil environment of the paddy field uniform. It is possible to control the height of the bottom part and the rear end part, so that the bottom can always maintain a horizontal posture during the work, and the leveling machine can perform the leveling work directly. It is possible to perform work while maintaining the flat plate height at a certain level by a horizontal signal. In addition, it is possible to perform work while maintaining the horizontal state in the work width direction. The left and right can freely move up and down, and the flat plate can reduce the resistance to soiling by forming an appropriate angle with respect to the working direction.

[0016]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to working machines and the method thereof. First, the attached FIGS. 1 to 4 show a reversible bottom plow working machine (hereinafter, abbreviated as working machine), which represents a working machine for horizontally plowing a plowing layer (plow floor). The reference numeral 10 indicates the working machine as a whole, and the working machine 10 is rotated with respect to the front frame 11 whose posture does not change even by reversing motion and the front frame 11. It is composed of a river frame 21.
The front frame 11 has a mast 12 for mounting an upper link UL included in a tractor, and a lower frame 13 for mounting a lower link RL which spreads in the left-right working width direction at a lower end portion thereof.

A reversing frame 21 is attached to the front frame 11 via a rotation main shaft, and the reversing frame 21 has a top end portion pivotally attached to the mast 12. The lower end of the cylinder 14 is connected so that the expansion and contraction of the cylinder 14 can reverse the reverse frame 21. The river frame 21 has a main frame 221 extending in the working width direction, and a bottom arranged obliquely (with respect to the working width) is attached to the main frame 221. And a bottom frame 223 is attached to the top and bottom of the mounting frame 222 to form an eight-bottom working machine.

The mounting frame 222 is the main frame.
There are two support arms 224 extending rearward from the frame 221 and the mounting frame 222 is supported at the rear end portion of the support arms 224.

The front frame 11 and the mounting frame 222 are supported by a support shaft that serves as a center of rotation during the reversing motion, and the support arm is provided on an extension of the support shaft 21A. 31A is arranged, and a horizontal sensor 31 is provided at the tip thereof, so that the horizontal state of the working machine 10 can be detected as an electrical signal. Further, a horizontal sensor 32 is also attached to the bottom frame 222. The sensors 32 are provided on the upper and lower surfaces of the bottom frame 222, and can be used by switching when reversing. Normally, the horizontal state of the working machine 10 in the left-right direction can be detected by the output from the horizontal sensor 32 located on the upper side. The signals output from these horizontal sensors are processed in the control box 34 (microcomputer) to control the opening / closing of the solenoid valve 45 of the hydraulic circuit described later. Further, at the rearmost position of the bottom frame 222, there is a gage wheel 41, and the gage wheel 41 is rotatably attached to the tip of the swing arm 42 with respect to the bottom frame 222. And
The swing arm 42 changes the ground angle (θ) by expanding and contracting the control cylinder 43, in other words, it is possible to control the ground clearance at the rear end of the bottom frame 222. In other words, the gauge wheel 4
By controlling 1, it is possible to control the horizontal state of the working machine 10 in the left-right direction as well as the horizontal state in the front-rear direction. The signal obtained from the horizontal sensor 31 is sent to the hydraulic circuit of the lift control mechanism included in the tractor. The control cylinder 4
3 may be a double-acting type or a single-acting type, but here, a single-acting type is used, and the extension is performed by a compression spring 43A and can be contracted by supplying pressure oil. There is. In this case, the return circuit of the pressure oil chamber 43A may be omitted, and the piston may be replaced with a one-way valve.

The above description is of the type in which the height of the bottom 223 is selected by adjusting the height of the gauge wheel 41. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the gauge wheel is The heat 411 can be used instead of the reel 41. That is, the end portion of the rod A of the control cylinder 43 is connected to the center positions of the tool support members 412 and 413 having a square shape, and the heel 411 is respectively attached to the tool support members 412 and 413 and the pin 411A. By attaching these heels 411 to the land side of the bottom 223Z, which is located at the rearmost end of the bottom 223, by the pin 223Y.
The toe portion is prevented from rising by hitting the stopper 223X at a portion in front of the pivot point.

Therefore, when the control cylinder 43A is extended with the heel 411 grounded, the bottom frame with the bottom attached using the heel 411 as a tension member.
The rear end of the frame 222 is raised. This state is performed when the bottom group is in the bottom-down state, and the horizontal state is maintained as a whole. On the contrary, when it is detected that the bottom group is in the ascending state, the control cylinder 43A is contracted to slightly raise the grounded heel 411, and accordingly, the bottom group of the bottom group is increased by that amount. Hold down to keep the whole horizontal. These controls are the same as those for controlling the gauge wheel, and the horizontal sensor 3
The horizontal control circuit of the tractor, or the gage wheel, or the hear according to the signals obtained by the reference numerals 1 and 32.
The horizontal state of the working machine 10 is controlled by the control of the lever, so that the plow bottom S is controlled to be horizontal.

An end of a lift rod 51 forming a lift mechanism 50 is connected to a lower link RL of the tractor, and a lift arm 53 extends on the opposite side of the pivot point 52, and the lift arm 53 extends. The rod 54A of the lift cylinder 54 is connected to the end of the arm 53, and the lower arm RL can be moved up and down via the lift rod 51 by rotating the lift arm 53 by the expansion and contraction movement of the lift cylinder 54. It has become.

The lift cylinder 54 is controlled by a signal from the horizontal sensor 31, and the drive source of the tractor is driven by the pressure oil from the hydraulic pump P36. That is, the control circuit 3 including the control microcomputer
4, the work machine 10 is raised and lowered by the control circuit 34 to maintain the horizontal position, in other words, the plow bed formed by the bottom is controlled to be horizontal. For this control, a switching valve 35 that switches the flow of pressure oil in response to a signal from the control circuit 34 is used, whereby pressure oil is supplied from the pump 36 to the lift cylinder 54 via the flow rate control valve 37. . The flow rate control valve 37 also receives a signal from the control circuit and its opening is controlled.

In FIG. 6, the signal of the horizontal sensor 32 is processed by the control box 44, and the horizontal direction of the working machine 10 is controlled by controlling the gauge wheel 41 and the wheel 411. It is possible.

By moving the gauge wheel 41 up and down, the horizontal posture of the working machine 10 in the horizontal direction is controlled.
That is, when the working machine 10 is in the front rising state, the lift cylinder 54 is extended to lower the front portion of the working machine 10 (via the lift rod 51), and the horizontal state in the left-right direction is accompanied by the gage wheel. By controlling the angle θ (angle with the horizontal plane) of the swing arm 42 supporting 41 to a direction in which the rear part of the working machine 10 is raised, the working machine 10 is in a horizontal state as a whole, in other words, the bottom 223.
The plow bed B formed by is controlled to be in a horizontal state.

Similarly to the lift mechanism, the mechanism for moving the gage wheel 41 up and down controls the flow rate of the driving pressure oil from the control circuit 44 by the horizontal signal obtained from the horizontal sensor 32. Pressure oil from a pump (same as the hydraulic pump) is supplied to the control cylinder 43 via the switching valve 45 and the flow rate control valve 46. When the swing wheel 42 is rotated to increase the ground angle .theta. Of the gauge wheel 41, the control cylinder 43 is contracted, and the pressure oil chamber 43 in the cylinder is compressed.
Supply pressure oil to X. At this time, there is a compression spring 43A in the pressure oil chamber 43Y, which acts on the piston, so that a hydraulic pressure exceeding the resistance of the compression spring 43A is applied. In other words, the posture control is performed by contracting the control cylinder 43 when it is necessary to raise the left end portion of the work machine 10 and extending the control cylinder 43 when lowering the left end portion. This control can also be used for horizontal control of the working machine 10 in the front-rear direction. That is, if the ground angle increases, the rear end of the working machine 10 rises, and conversely, if the ground angle decreases, the rear end of the working machine 10 lowers.

Since the compression spring 43A constantly pushes the piston, the piston is pushed by simply releasing the pressure oil in the pressure chamber 43X, the control cylinder 43 extends, and in addition,
When the work implement 10 is lifted for the reversing motion,
Since the swing arm 42 is released from the constraint such as the ground with which the gear wheel is in contact, the swing wheel 42 is always in the direction in which the gauge wheel 41 is always grounded due to its own weight including the gauge wheel 41. It will be rotated.

Such an operation is controlled by a signal from the water sensor 32, the posture of the working machine 10 is detected, and the state thereof is displayed on the operator of the tractor, which is the most primitive. The operator can manually perform the expansion and contraction of the control cylinder 43 or the lift cylinder 54 of the lift mechanism, but according to the embodiment of the present invention, automatic control is possible.

In the above description, the posture of the bottom working machine 10 is controlled in order to make the plow bottom S horizontal, but the surface soil after plowing and reversing using the bottom working machine 10 is leveled. The working machine, ie, the so-called leveling machine 60 will be described. This leveling machine 60 is a frame 61 of a working machine.
Further, a tine or disk type crusher 62, a flat plate 63, and a spring coil type crusher 64 are provided from the top in the work progressing direction, and a frame 65 of the crusher 64 is provided.
Has arms 65A for supporting the central axis of rotation at both the left and right ends of the compressor, and the frame 65 is supported by the pivot shaft 66 with respect to the frame 61 so as to be rotatable in a vertical plane. . Further, a mast 65B is provided at a horizontal portion of the frame 65, and an end portion of a rod 67A of a telescopic cylinder 67, which will be described in detail later, is attached to the mast 65B and is pivotally attached to the frame 61. The pin 66 allows the frame 65 to move up and down in a plane vertical to the work advancing direction. By the expansion and contraction of the expansion and contraction cylinder 67, the ground angle θ of the support arm 64A that supports the pressure suppressor 64.
The height of the flat plate 63 from the ground surface is controlled by changing the height.

Since the leveling machine 60 is also towed by the tractor, it is suitable to have the mast 68 for mounting the upper link UL and the pair of mounting plates 612 for mounting the rear link RL. An arm-type support plate 613, which is arranged at a distance from the frame 61 and is provided so as to project forward in the working direction of the frame 61 in both spaces, is inserted into the space and is supported at one point by a hitch pin 611. It is designed to rotate freely in the horizontal plane. The position of the hitch pin 611 is located in front of the position of the lower link RL so that the tractor T can travel along a curved line. Therefore, continuous work is possible without forming a headland in a field of one section.

The horizontal signal H received by the light receiver 34 provided upright on the frame 61 is used for the expansion / contraction control of the expansion / contraction cylinder 67, and the control is performed by the gauge wheel in the bottom working machine 10 described above. 41 to the soil angle, in other words, can be performed in the same manner as the height control of the gauge wheel 41,
Instead of the swing arm 42 shown in FIG. 2, the ground angle θ of the support arm 65A is controlled, and the pressure suppressor 64 is controlled.
The coil which forms the same function as the gauge wheel 41.

The leveling machine 60 is provided with a light receiver 33 for receiving light emitted from a laser light emitter 34 installed upright at an appropriate place in the field, and drawn with the horizontal signal H as a reference. If the light receiver 33 is always in the horizontal plane, the working machine 60
Can work in a certain horizontal plane. That is, when the flat plate 63 is at a position deeper than a predetermined depth, the expansion cylinder 67 is extended to form the coil 64 forming the compression machine 62 at a deep position, in other words, the swing arm 6 is provided.
The position of the flat plate 63 is raised by increasing the ground angle θ of 5A.

When the flat plate 63 is located at a position shallower than a predetermined depth, the swing arm 65A is reversed, contrary to the above.
The position of the flat plate 63 is lowered by decreasing the ground angle θ of. This operation contracts the telescopic cylinder 57 to reduce the ground angle θ of the swing arm 65A. While repeating such operations, the leveling implement 60 is pulled by the tractor to level the surface of the field.

In the above description, the type in which the pressure suppressor 64 is moved up and down to control the position of the flat plate 63 is mentioned.
As shown in FIG. 11, it is also possible to use a telescopic cylinder 69 to directly move the flat plate 63 up and down.
The rod 69A of the telescopic cylinder 69 is attached to an arm member 63B protruding from a supporting member 63A supporting the flat plate 63, and the arm member 63B is vertically moved along a guide 63C provided on the frame 61. Has become.
The light receiver 34 is arranged in line with the vertical movement direction of the arm member 63B. In this embodiment, in order to adjust the height of the pressure suppressor 64, a turret is provided between the mast 65B and the mast 68.
A buckle 69X is provided, and the height of the pressure suppressor 64 is adjusted by the crank handle 69Y.

In the crusher 62 described above, the support shaft 621 is supported by the free end 622A of the arm 622 pivotally supported by the frame 61, and is restrained in the attitude of the frame 61. Instead, it can move according to gravity. Therefore, it moves according to the shape of the topsoil to further ensure the crushing effect. In the tine type crusher shown in FIG. 11, if the tine is attached to the support shaft, the same work as the disk type crusher can be expected.

As shown in FIG. 7, a rod 631A of a cylinder 631 is attached to either of the left and right ends of the flat plate 63, and the extension and contraction of the cylinder 631 causes the flat plate 63 to form an angle with respect to the work advancing direction. Can be adjusted.

Next, the leveling work of the paddy field using the working machine described above will be explained. Paddy field (Fig. 1)
In 3), the tilling reversal work is performed using the bottom working machine 10 (Fig. 14). In this case, the bottom working machine 10 always causes the plow floor S to be in a horizontal state, and as the surface becomes closer to the ridge, it rises. It will be flattened in later work.
The importance of making the plow bed S horizontal is omitted because it has been described in the section of the prior art, but it is the most important work in the method of the present invention, which makes it possible to provide a paddy field with a uniform environment. As a result, it is possible to make the pattern uniform.

Further, a leveling work is performed by using the leveling machine 60 to simultaneously level the coarsely crushed soil and crush the soil to level the surface of the paddy field continuously (FIG. 15).

The paddy field (FIG. 16) to be described next shows a case where fields A and B having a difference above ground are formed in one field as the scale increases, and there is a ridge AZ in the middle part. AZ
When the paddy field is expanded by removing the ridges, the ridges AZ are removed and the B portion is tilled and inverted. At this time, the plowing depth is set deeper than the portion A (FIG. 17). Then, the soil in the lower layer, which has become the upper layer, is dried, and then the upper portion is moved to A while coarsely crushing the soil to roughly adjust the soil (FIG. 18).

Further, both the parts A and B are tilled and inverted by using a bottom working machine so that the plow bottom S is commonly leveled (FIG. 19), and then the whole is flattened. Finishing is performed using the leveling machine of the invention.

20 and 21 show the actual leveling work using the conventional leveling machine K. When the field surface H is tilted by α with respect to the absolute horizontal plane, the state of the tractor T is tilted. Therefore, the leveling machine K is inevitably inclined by α, so that the leveling work must be repeated 4 or 5 times. The cause is that the crusher 62 is fixed to the frame. Therefore, in the leveling work, the leveling plate 63 is tilted by α, and the work must be repeated.

On the other hand, according to the leveling machine 60 of the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 22 and 23, the crusher 62 moves vertically with respect to the frame 61 by its supporting shaft 621. Since it is supported so that the frame 61 can be held in a horizontal state without being constrained by the posture of the frame 61, it is possible to perform the crushing work in a state close to the horizontal and The flat plate 63 can be scraped at an angle smaller than α. Therefore, it is possible to make the surface of the field even by multiplying it approximately twice.

[0043]

As is clear from the above description, according to the working machine of the present invention, the surface soil can be cultivated with the plow bottom in a horizontal state in the paddy field plowing work. Even if it has longevity, it will eventually become a horizontal paddy field with a uniform soil layer, and it will be possible to expect a uniform pattern in any part of the field, which will increase the production yield and reduce costs. The cost can be reduced.

Further, especially in the case of a bottom working machine, since the height can be controlled at the front part and the rear part, the plow bottom can be easily leveled and the soil can be dried by the plow effect. It is possible to start the next work process quickly, and in the leveling work machine, the leveling of the topsoil can be achieved accurately and efficiently. -Because both ends of the frame can move freely up and down, the flat plate attached to the frame that is always kept horizontally is extremely unlikely to be affected by the inclination of the field surface. You can work in a nearly horizontal position. Therefore, the improvement of our rice paddies,
It can contribute to scale expansion, etc., which can reduce cost, stabilize yield, and improve quality.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a bottom working machine according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a side view of the bottom working machine of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a plan view of another embodiment of the bottom working machine of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a side view of another embodiment of the bottom working machine of the present invention. .

FIG. 5 is a control circuit diagram of a lift mechanism of the bottom working machine of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a control circuit diagram of a gauge wheel of the bottom working machine of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a side view of the leveling machine of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a plan view of a part of the leveling machine of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a partially enlarged plan view of the leveling machine of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory plan view showing an angle change of the flat plate in FIG.

FIG. 11 is a side view of a leveling machine according to another embodiment.

FIG. 12 is a side view of a leveling machine according to another embodiment.

FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of a paddy field to which the present invention is applied.

FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of a paddy field in which tillage inversion of the paddy field according to the present invention is performed.

FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the tillage and leveling work is performed after the coarse crushed soil of the paddy field according to the present invention.

FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of a target paddy field along with the scale expansion of the paddy field.

FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the rice paddy ridges are also removed.

FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view of a state in which the paddy field is also plowed and inverted.

FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view of the paddy field showing the state of completion of work.

FIG. 20 is a rear view of the tractor in a working state with a conventional working machine.

FIG. 21 is a rear view of the uniform flat working machine in the working state by the conventional working machine.

FIG. 22 is a rear view of the tractor in a working state by the working machine of the present invention.

FIG. 23 is a rear view of the uniform flat working machine in the working state by the working machine of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 10 bottom working machine 11 front frame 12 mast 13 lower frame 14 reversing cylinder 221 main frame 222 frame 223 bottom 224 support frame 31 light receiving part 32 light receiving part 33 laser light emitting part 34 control Circuit 35 Switching valve 41 Gauge wheel 42 Swing arm 43 Control cylinder 43X Pressure oil chamber 43Y Pressure oil chamber 43A Compression spring 45 Switching valve 46 Flow control valve 50 Lift mechanism 51 Lift rod 52 Pivot point 53 Lift arm 54 Lift cylinder 54A Rod 60 Leveling machine 61 Frame 62 Crusher 621 Support shaft 622 Support arm 622A Free end 63 Flat plate 631 Cylinder 64 Compressor 65 Frame 66 Pivoting pin 67 Expansion cylinder 68 Mast

[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] July 28, 1995

[Procedure Amendment 1]

[Document name to be corrected] Drawing

[Correction target item name] All drawings

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

FIG.

[Fig. 2]

[Figure 3]

[Figure 9]

[Figure 10]

[Fig. 13]

FIG. 14

FIG. 15

[Figure 4]

[Figure 5]

[Figure 6]

[Figure 7]

[Figure 8]

FIG. 20

FIG. 11

[Fig. 12]

FIG. 16

FIG. 17

FIG. 18

FIG. 19

FIG. 21

FIG. 22

FIG. 23

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A bottom working machine has two horizontal detecting means, at least one of which is a horizontal sensor attached to a frame, and the other one is a sensor in a horizontal direction, In response to the received signal, the front end is controlled by the lift mechanism control output, and the rear end is controlled by raising or lowering a gauge wheel or a wheel having the same function as this. A bottom working machine characterized by performing a tillage reversal work while maintaining the horizontal state by a horizontal sensor attached to the frame in the working width direction while maintaining the horizontal state. 2. A leveling machine comprises at least a crusher having both end portions in the working width direction supported by a support mechanism capable of freely moving up and down independently, a leveling plate, and a compactor. It has a reference signal receiving part, and by moving either the flat plate or the pressure suppressor up and down according to the received signal, the height of the flat plate against the surface soil is controlled, and the flat plate is a surface along the working width direction. A flat plate working machine characterized by being configured to control the angle with respect to the work proceeding direction by swinging to the left and right with the center in the width direction as a fulcrum inside.