JPH0810740A - Treatment of kitchen garbage with mold fungi - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide the treatment with which kitchen garbage can be decomposed in a short time and also any odor can be prevented from being generated. CONSTITUTION:In this treatment, an appropriate combination of mold fungi of Aspergillus, i.e., Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus awamori, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus saitoi and/or Aspergillus sojae, and/or mold fungi of Rhizopus, i.e., Rhizopus niveus and/or Rhizopus delemar is used as the mold fungi. This mold fungi are inoculated into a culture medium and just after the inoculation, kitchen garbage is added to the resulting culture medium. As the culture medium, sawdust, wheat bran, rice bran, bean-curd refuse, water or the like can be used. Further, used tea leaves, powdery shrimp shell or powdery dried green laver is added to the culture medium in an about 5% ratio to the garbage. Thus, the garbage is decomposed with a decomposition enzyme produced by the mold fungi and the mold fungi are grown by using the decomposition product as their nutrient source to enable the treatment of the garbage. Also, any odor is prevented from being generated with the used tea leaves, powdery shrimp shell or powdery dried green laver.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for treating garbage with a filamentous fungus. Here, treating the garbage means decomposing the garbage into other components, perhaps carbon dioxide gas and water, and consequently causing the garbage to disappear.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, the amount of garbage including garbage that is discharged is huge every day, and due to lack of a treatment facility or a landfill area, a serious social problem is caused about the discharge of such garbage. Is the current situation. Therefore, in recent years, there have been attempts to subdivide the types of garbage, collect them separately according to their classification, and not to discard reusable garbage as much as possible, but to reuse it at low cost. There is an attempt to dispose of garbage that cannot be reused in a more harmless state. However,
Only a small amount of garbage is treated by such an attempt, and almost half of the garbage is kitchen waste discharged from ordinary households and food processing companies. This was announced by the Environment Agency on June 23, 1993 in the “White Paper on the Environment
It is also clear in the Annual Review. According to this white paper, "In Tokyo, from home, 515g per person per day
The garbage has been discharged. Looking at this composition, kitchen waste, which is kitchen garbage, occupies up to half, and papers make up a little less than a quarter, and these two types occupy 70% of the whole. . (Page 150),
About the breakdown of these garbage, the graph created from the data of the Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Cleaning is posted. The contents of this graph are shown in Table 1.

[0003]

[Table 1]

As is clear from Table 1, the amount of garbage discharged is 243.1 g, which is about 50% of the total amount. And since these kitchen wastes are easy to rot and easily give off a bad odor, they need to be processed promptly from the viewpoint of hygiene and environment, but at present, they are regularly collected and processed in the processing facility. . In addition, the amount of this kitchen waste tends to increase year by year, and the shortage of treatment facilities and landfills is significant.Therefore, some municipalities that manage these treatment facilities will try to charge for garbage treatment. Some are considering doing so. Therefore, if it becomes possible to treat the kitchen waste generated from each household at each household, it is possible to reduce the total amount of garbage discharged, and it is possible to dispose of the kitchen waste sanitarily without waiting for regular collection. It will bring social benefits. From such a point of view, as a conventional method for treating garbage using microorganisms, there has been, for example, JP-A-47-21972, which uses bacteria. Further, there is, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 63-163710 as an apparatus for treating food waste by drying garbage to prevent spoilage.

[0005]

However, the treatment method disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 47-21972 is for decomposing garbage by the decomposing ability of bacteria, and the decomposing rate of garbage by bacteria is slow. However, it took a long time to completely disassemble the kitchen waste. Further, since the decomposition is insufficient, the odor is generated from the undecomposed kitchen waste. On the other hand, JP-A-6
No. 3-163710 is one for drying kitchen waste to prevent spoilage, and as a method therefor, is to irradiate with microwaves, and it is possible to prevent spoilage and thus not to generate odor, It wasn't for treating garbage.

In view of the above points, it is an object of the present invention to provide a treatment method capable of decomposing garbage in a short time and preventing the generation of odor.

[0007]

Means for Solving the Problems The present invention is characterized by culturing a filamentous fungus to produce amylase, protease, lipase, and cellulase, and decomposing the garbage by these enzymes. The main point is the garbage disposal method by.

According to the present invention, after inoculating a culture medium with a filamentous fungus,
The gist is a method for treating garbage with a filamentous fungus, which comprises giving garbage to be treated and decomposing the garbage with amylase, protease, lipase, and cellulase.

The filamentous fungus is treated with Aspergillus.
It is preferably a filamentous fungus of the genus r. The filamentous fungus is preferably a filamentous fungus of the genus Rhizopus. The filamentous fungus was treated with Aspergillus
Niger (Aspergillus niger) is preferable. The filamentous fungus is preferably Aspergillus oryzae. The filamentous fungus, Aspergillus niger,
Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus sojae are preferable. The filamentous fungus, Aspergillus niger,
Aspergillus
awamori), Aspergillus Saitoi (Asp
ergillus Saitoi), Aspergillus
Orise and Aspergillus soja are preferred.

[0010] The culture medium is used as shavings, rice bran, and
A culture medium consisting of water is preferred. The culture medium,
It is preferable to use a culture medium consisting of shavings, wheat bran, and water. The culture medium, Okakuzuku, wheat bran,
A culture medium consisting of okara and water is preferable.
It is preferable that the culture medium is a culture medium consisting of Scutellaria, rice bran, okara, and water. It is preferable that the culture medium is a culture medium consisting of sukukuzu, rice bran, wheat bran, okara, and water.

The gist of the present invention is to provide a method for treating garbage with a filamentous fungus, which comprises inoculating Aspergillus niger to a culture medium consisting of Okakuzuku, wheat bran, rice bran, okara, and water, and then giving garbage. To do.

The present invention provides Aspergillus oryzae
A method of treating garbage with a filamentous fungus, which comprises inoculating a waste medium after inoculating it into a culture medium consisting of shavings, rice bran and water.

The present invention is a filamentous fungus characterized by inoculating Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, and Aspergillus soya into a culture medium consisting of shavings, wheat bran, okara, and water, and then providing garbage. The main point is the garbage disposal method by.

The present invention is to inoculate Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus awamori, Aspergillus cytoii, Aspergillus oryzae, and Aspergillus soja to a culture medium consisting of Okakuzuku, wheat bran, and water, and then to give a waste. The gist is a method for treating garbage with a filamentous fungus.

The present invention relates to Rhizopus nibeus (Rhi
Zopus niveus) and Rhizopus delemar (Rhizopus delemar) are inoculated into a culture medium consisting of shavings, rice bran, and water, and then the waste is treated with garbage, which is a gist.

[0016] It is preferable to add tea leaves or tea leaves, crab or shrimp shells, or seaweeds.

[0017]

With the above-mentioned constitution, the filamentous fungi of the genus Aspergillus and the genus Rhizopus are capable of growing and simultaneously degrading starch degrading enzyme (amylase), proteolytic enzyme (protease), lipolytic enzyme (lipase), fiber degrading enzyme Cellulase)
Can be secreted, and each component that constitutes garbage can be decomposed. And, since these filamentous fungi use a decomposition product formed by this decomposition as a nutrient source to further enhance the growth, they metabolically ferment aerobically, and the decomposition of kitchen waste becomes more active, and in a short time, The whole kitchen can be decomposed.

Further, since filamentous fungi grow vigorously under aerobic conditions, almost no malodor is generated during the decomposition process, but a minute amount of malodor is also generated during the decomposition treatment of garbage for a long period of time. Therefore, generation of malodor can be suppressed by adding 1 to 10% of tea leaves or tea leaves, crustacean powder, seaweed powder, etc. at the initial stage of culturing filamentous fungi or during the decomposition of garbage. The prevention of this malodor is considered to be due to the action of catechin contained in tea leaves or tea leaves, and chitin or chitosan contained in crustaceans.

[0019]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below. The present invention uses filamentous fungi. First, of the various filamentous fungi, which filamentous fungus should be adopted in this example is examined. Therefore, since the object of the present invention is to decompose kitchen waste discharged from general households, etc., it can be used in general households, is easy to handle, and the condition that the fungus does not harm the human body is satisfied. It is required to be a filamentous fungus. Therefore, those suitable for this example include those belonging to the genus Aspergillus and the genus Rhizopus that are generally used for brewing or producing enzyme preparations. Further, among these filamentous fungi, there are filamentous fungi used for brewing miso, soy sauce, sake and the like, or for producing enzyme preparations and the like. That is, in the genus Aspergillus, they are niger, awamori, oryzae, cytoi, and soya, and in the genus Rhizopus, they are nibeus and derema. Then, immediately after inoculating the culture medium with these filamentous fungi, kitchen waste is given to decompose the kitchen waste. Here, examples of the culture medium include generally easily available shavings, wheat bran, rice bran, okara, and the like.

Therefore, prior to the garbage disassembly experiment according to the embodiment, an examination of the materials constituting kitchen waste in general households,
The enzyme production ability of each filamentous fungus was tested. Regarding the content of kitchen waste discharged from general households, the results of an examination of 20 households are shown in Table 2, and the results of the enzyme productivity test of each filamentous fungus are shown in Table 3.

In the enzyme productivity test, the productivity of starch degrading enzyme, proteolytic enzyme, lipolytic enzyme, and fiber degrading enzyme was measured, and the starch degrading enzyme was Fehling.
The -Lehmann-Scool method, the casein-Folin method for proteolytic enzymes, the olive method for lipolytic enzymes, and the CMC reductive saccharification method for fiber degrading enzymes were adopted. Then, as a culture method for examining the enzyme-producing ability of each filamentous fungus, 60 g of Okakuzuku, 30 g of wheat bran, 5 g of rice bran, and okara 5
Mix well with 100g of water and 12g Celsius
Filamentous fungi were inoculated into the product sterilized at 0 ° C for 30 minutes, and cultured at 30 ° C for 72 hours. The above enzyme-producing ability was measured by extracting koji with water after culturing.

[0022]

[Table 2]

[0023]

[Table 3]

From the above results, none of the filamentous fungi show high productivity for all four types of degrading enzymes under the above-mentioned culture conditions, and the results differ depending on the type of filamentous fungus. There is. However, although there are numerical differences, the substances that produce each enzyme and that constitute kitchen waste in ordinary households do not have starch, protein, fat and fiber uniformly present (Table 2) From that,
It is thought that the garbage can be decomposed by one of these filamentous fungi.

Therefore, the first embodiment will be described next. In this example, the results of the above-mentioned enzyme productivity test (Table 3)
Among them, one species of Aspergillus niger, which showed a relatively high productivity for four degrading enzymes, was inoculated into a culture medium consisting of shavings, wheat bran, rice bran, okara, and water, and then provided with garbage. It is a thing.

Further, the second embodiment is an Aspergillus
One kind of oryzae is inoculated into a culture medium consisting of shavings, wheat bran, rice bran, and water, and then garbage is given.

The experimental results based on the first and second embodiments are shown in Table 4. In addition, in the experiment, a plastic test device having a two-stage impeller stirrer built therein was prepared, and the test device was installed in a thermostatic chamber at 25 degrees Celsius. The stirrer in the test apparatus was rotated at a speed of 2 revolutions per minute. The total amount of kitchen waste to be given was set to 500 grams. The breakdown of kitchen waste and culture medium is as described in the table. The experiment time was 40 hours after the kitchen waste was put into the test device, and the degree of decomposition was visually observed after the experiment. At that time, the enzyme productivity and the growth of filamentous fungi were also observed.

[0028]

[Table 4]

From the above results, most of the kitchen waste was decomposed in any filamentous fungus, but it took a predetermined time (40 hours)
There are a few things that cannot be decomposed. It is clear from the degree of decomposition that the remaining portion is capable of sufficiently decomposing kitchen waste if a long time has passed or if a large amount of filamentous fungus is used. ,
It is capable of decomposing kitchen waste by filamentous fungi in garbage disposal facilities.

Next, third to fifth embodiments in which several kinds of filamentous fungi are mixed will be described. In order to solve the problems in the first and second embodiments, it is necessary to be able to decompose all the kitchen waste in the shortest possible time. So, the third example is Aspergillus niger,
Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus soya were cultured at the same time, and the fourth example is a culture of Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus awamori, Aspergillus cytoii, Aspergillus oryzae, and Aspergillus soya that were simultaneously cultured. In the fifth embodiment, Rhizopus nibeus and Rhizopus derema are co-cultured. The experimental results based on this example are shown in Table 5. The experimental method is the same as that of the first embodiment, and the amount of kitchen waste to be input is 50.
The weight was adjusted to 0 gram, and the number of times the kitchen was thrown in and the time until observation were changed. The number of inputs and the time until observation are as described in the table.

[0031]

[Table 5]

From the above results, it is recognized that the mixture of Aspergillus spp. Decomposes garbage well. Furthermore, the growth rate of the bacterium is good and the enzyme activity is also high. It is considered that this is because the kitchen waste is decomposed by the enzyme secreted by the filamentous fungus, and the decomposition product is used as a nutrient source to further enhance the metabolic fermentation of the filamentous fungus. In addition, vegetable fibers remained in the genus Rhizopus.

Based on the above experimental results and consideration, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, and
Three types of Aspergillus soya were mixed and cultured, and experiments were conducted for a long period of time to determine how much kitchen waste actually discharged could be decomposed. It should be noted that the kitchen waste used here is the rest of the lunch for lunch, and was taken out from the kitchen so that the proportion of the types of kitchen waste would not be changed so much. In addition, the degree of decomposition was observed about one hour before the garbage was put in the next day.

[0034]

[Table 6]

From the above results, it can be understood that filamentous fungi belonging to the genus Aspergillus can sufficiently decompose ordinary kitchen waste.

Next, since a slight amount of odor was confirmed from about the 8th day in the above experiment, it is necessary to prevent the generation of odor without suppressing the action of the above-mentioned filamentous fungus. Therefore, it was judged that it would be appropriate to select from those contained in kitchen waste or those normally discharged as kitchen waste, and various substances were added to examine the presence or absence of deodorant effect. As a result, it was confirmed that three types of seaweed such as tea leaves or tea leaves, crab or shrimp shells, and blue seaweed have a deodorizing effect. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to find out to what extent these three types have a deodorizing effect. Tea powder, shrimp shell powder, and blue seaweed powder were used in this experiment, and about 5% was added to the kitchen waste when the kitchen waste was introduced on the first day. In addition, the kitchen waste was taken out from the lunch for lunch in the same manner as above, and the observation was performed about 1 hour before the feeding on the next day.

[0037]

[Table 7]

From the above results, powder of tea leaves, shrimp shells,
It is recognized that any of the green seaweed powder has a deodorizing effect, and in any of the above, the filamentous fungi grow well, the enzyme activity is active, and the separation of garbage is not suppressed. There wasn't.

[0039]

[Effects] From the above, the present invention provides amylase, protease, lipase,
And, by producing cellulase, by these enzymes,
Since the method of treating garbage with a filamentous fungus is characterized in that the garbage is decomposed, the garbage can be decomposed in a short time, and the garbage can be decomposed even in a general household. Moreover, since the present invention uses a filamentous fungus of the genus Aspergillus or the genus Rhizopus, it is easy to handle.

Further, according to the present invention, the addition of tea leaves or tea leaves, crab or shrimp shells, or seaweeds can prevent the generation of odors, so that it is easier to use in general households. . Further, according to the present invention, since garbage is decomposed into carbon dioxide gas and water, it is possible to solve the problem of a shortage of waste treatment facilities and the problem of a shortage of landfill.

Further, since the present invention uses a culture medium consisting of shavings, rice bran, wheat bran, okara, and water, the unnecessary culture medium can be used as a fertilizer for gardening or home gardening. Since it can be used, it can be effectively used without generating new dust.

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. A method for treating garbage with a filamentous fungus, which comprises culturing a filamentous fungus and decomposing the garbage. 2. After inoculating a culture medium with a filamentous fungus, a refuse to be treated is given, and amylase, protease, lipase,
And a method for treating garbage with a filamentous fungus, which comprises producing a degrading enzyme such as cellulase and decomposing the garbage. 3. The filamentous fungus is a filamentous fungus composed of Aspergillus spp., Alone or in a mixture.
Alternatively, the method for treating garbage with the filamentous fungus of item 2. 4. The method for treating kitchen waste with filamentous fungi according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the filamentous fungus is a filamentous fungus composed of a genus of Rhizopus alone or in a mixture. 5. The filamentous fungus, wherein the filamentous fungus is a filamentous fungus composed of Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus soja, Aspergillus cytoii, or Aspergillus awamori alone or in a mixture thereof. Method for kitchen waste treatment with filamentous fungi. 6. The method for treating kitchen waste with a filamentous fungus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the filamentous fungus is a filamentous fungus which is composed of Arizopus nibeus or Rhizopus delemmer alone or in a mixture. 7. The culture medium is used as a scraps, wheat bran,
3. The method for treating garbage with a filamentous fungus according to claim 2, wherein the culture medium is composed of rice bran, okara, or water alone or in a mixture. 8. The method of treating kitchen waste with filamentous fungi according to claim 1, wherein tea leaves or tea leaves, crab or shrimp shells, or seaweed is added alone or in combination.