CN117625479A - Mixed microbial agent and application thereof in kitchen waste composting - Google Patents
Mixed microbial agent and application thereof in kitchen waste composting Download PDFInfo
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- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 239000010806 kitchen waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 240000006439 Aspergillus oryzae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000002247 Aspergillus oryzae Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 241000194108 Bacillus licheniformis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 241000563903 Bacillus velezensis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 241000193385 Geobacillus stearothermophilus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 241000223261 Trichoderma viride Species 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 55
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a mixed microbial agent and application thereof in kitchen waste composting. The invention discloses a mixed microbial agent which comprises 10-20 parts of bacillus subtilis, 10-15 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 5-10 parts of bacillus dextran-decomposing bacillus, 5-10 parts of bacillus sorafei, 5-10 parts of bacillus siamensis, 10-15 parts of bacillus methylotrophicus, 10-15 parts of lactobacillus harbinensis, 10-20 parts of bacillus stearothermophilus, 3-8 parts of aspergillus oryzae and 3-8 parts of trichoderma viride, and the microbial agent prepared by mixing the above strains in proportion is used for composting kitchen waste and has the advantages of short composting time, high composting temperature, high organic matter content in composting and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural microorganisms, in particular to a mixed microbial agent and application thereof in kitchen waste composting.
Background
Kitchen waste is food residues, food processing waste, waste edible oil and fat and the like produced by dining halls and catering enterprises and daily life of people, the production amount of the kitchen waste is rapidly increased in recent years, and the annual output of waste produced in China is about 1.2 hundred million tons according to investigation. However, only 10% of the kitchen waste is recycled, so how to reduce, harmless and recycle the kitchen waste is a problem to be solved urgently.
The kitchen waste has the characteristics of high water content, high salt content, high organic content, high grease content, odor and the like, and the environment is seriously affected if the kitchen waste is improperly treated. At present, conventional kitchen waste treatment technologies such as landfill and incineration can not only bring serious environmental pollution problems, but also cause waste of organic matters. The kitchen waste has the characteristics of harmfulness and coexistence of resources, has rich organic nutrient components, contains organic matters such as protein, starch, vitamins, lipids and the like, and can be used as an organic fertilizer and a biological energy source after being treated, so that the kitchen waste has great significance in changing waste into valuables, and is a necessary choice for sustainable development of kitchen waste treatment.
The biological treatment technology (composting) of the kitchen waste is a mode for recycling the kitchen waste, and is relatively safe. At present, composting treatment of kitchen wastes at home and abroad mainly comprises composting modes such as aerobic fermentation composting, anaerobic fermentation composting, earthworm synergistic microorganism composting and the like.
The aerobic fermentation compost is characterized in that under the aerobic condition, organic solids in a substrate are decomposed into soluble organic matters by utilizing the metabolism activity of aerobic microorganisms to secrete extracellular enzymes, and then the soluble organic matters permeate into microbial cells to participate in metabolism, so that the substrate is converted into humus, and finally, the product is decomposed and stabilized. Aerobic composting is an effective way for treating organic wastes, and the composting raw materials can be converted into organic fertilizers through high-temperature fermentation and microbial decomposition and utilization. The microorganism variety is rich in the composting process, and the method plays an important role in decomposing and utilizing organic matters in the composting materials. The microbial agent can promote the fermentation and the decomposition of the compost materials. In addition, the composite bacterial system is added in the composting process, so that the growth of ammonia oxidizing bacteria is promoted, the ammonia emission is reduced, and the odor problem in the compost can be effectively solved. The temperature of the piled body in the composting process can be increased through microorganism reinforcement, the degradation of lignocellulose in the material is promoted, and the decomposition effect is improved.
The anaerobic compost can decompose organic matters through anaerobic microorganisms to reduce organic solid wastes, and the residue after fermentation is a high-quality organic fertilizer. Anaerobic fermentation techniques are generally divided into three stages: a hydrolysis stage, a hydrogen-producing and acetic acid-producing stage and a methane-producing stage. The hydrolysis stage is to convert water-insoluble polymer organic matters in the kitchen waste into single molecules, then further decompose a large number of single molecules formed in the hydrolysis stage into volatile fatty acids, ethanol and the like in the acid and hydrogen production stage, and further convert fatty acids such as lactic acid, pyruvic acid and the like into acetic acid and hydrogen, which is the origin of the acid and hydrogen production stage. Finally, hydrogen and acetic acid produced in the methanogenesis stage react to generate methane and carbon dioxide, and the generated methane is recycled, so that harmless treatment of kitchen waste is achieved. The hydrogen production and methane production stages in the kitchen waste fermentation process are in conflict, the methane producing bacteria have strict requirements on the pH in the environment, and the strong acid substances generated in the process of hydrolyzing and acidifying organic substances in the kitchen waste can seriously influence the activity of the methane producing bacteria, so that the method commonly adopted at home and abroad is to separate the acid production stage and the methane production stage into two different fermentation containers by using a two-phase method, thereby improving the methane production rate. At present, anaerobic digestion process is complex, engineering investment is large, but organic load is high, and generated biogas can be used for recycling energy, so that resource utilization is realized.
The composting technology of earthworm cooperated with microorganism is a green and safe biological treatment mode, and can efficiently decompose and convert organic matters in compost substrates, so that the mineralization degree of the compost products is high, and the system is more stable. The earthworm composting process carries out biodegradation on organic matters through the synergistic effect of earthworms and microorganisms, on one hand, the earthworms can directly degrade the organic matters through ingestion and digestive systems from experiments in the earlier stage, on the other hand, the earthworms can also be used as driving factors to stimulate the activity of microorganisms through the actions of digging holes, discharging manure, secreting mucus and the like, and indirectly stimulate the degradation of the organic matters. The research shows that the sludge earthworm compost can remove various pollutants such as heavy metals, ARGs and the like, and the compost product wormcast contains various agricultural probiotics and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient elements required by crops, so that the sludge earthworm compost is a green high-quality biological organic fertilizer. To directly throw the earthworm in the kitchen garbage and handle, earthworm can be fine living, but because the kitchen garbage that does not carry out the preliminary treatment is big cubic more, inside is in anaerobic environment, and organic matter carries out anaerobic fermentation in the kitchen garbage and produces a large amount of ammonia or amazing substances such as hydrogen sulfide, and inside the earthworm can not even enter into the kitchen garbage, only can exist in the surface of kitchen garbage and take the effect, very big restriction composting system treatment efficiency's further improvement. Therefore, the air circulation inside the kitchen waste and the earthworm uniformity in the composting system are important technical problems affecting the composting efficiency.
At present, most of domestic manners for producing organic fertilizers by processing and fermenting kitchen wastes are aerobic fermentation, various microorganisms are needed to participate in the aerobic fermentation process, and researches show that the inoculation of exogenous microbial agents is favorable for enabling compost to span a heating period and enter a high-temperature period, so that the humification of the compost can be accelerated, and the fermentation period is shortened. Therefore, the microbial agent which is favorable for composting fermentation of the kitchen waste and shortens the decomposition period of the kitchen waste has important significance for agricultural production and waste resource utilization.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the mixed microbial agent and the application thereof in kitchen waste composting, the mixed microbial agent provided by the invention has the functions of microorganisms with different functions, and meanwhile, the ratio of each strain determined by a composting test of a plurality of batches has the advantages of short composting time, high composting temperature, high organic matter content in the composting and the like.
The first object of the invention is to provide a preparation method of a mixed microbial agent, which comprises the following steps:
step S1: inoculating the mixed strain into a seed culture medium to obtain seed liquid;
step S2: inoculating the seed liquid into a fermentation medium to obtain a mixed microbial agent;
the mixed bacterial comprises, by weight, 10-20 parts of bacillus subtilis, 10-15 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 5-10 parts of bacillus dextran-decomposing bacillus, 5-10 parts of bacillus sorafei, 5-10 parts of bacillus siamensis, 10-15 parts of bacillus methylotrophicus, 10-15 parts of lactobacillus harbine, 10-20 parts of bacillus stearothermophilus, 3-8 parts of aspergillus oryzae and 3-8 parts of trichoderma viride;
the seed culture medium comprises 10-15g/L peptone, 5-7g/L yeast powder and 10-12g/L sodium chloride with the final concentration as the final concentration;
the fermentation medium comprises 10-12g/L glycerol, 24-30g/L yeast powder, 12-15g/L peptone, 2.31-2.4g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 16.43-17.1g/L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate based on the final concentration.
Further, the concentration of the cells in the seed solution in step S1 was 1X 10 8 -2×10 8 cfu/mL。
Preferably, the concentration of the bacterial cells in the seed solution is 1X 10 8 cfu/mL。
Further, the concentration of the cells in the fermentation broth in step S2 was 1X 10 10 -5×10 10 cfu/mL。
Preferably, the concentration of the cells in the fermentation broth is 1X 10 10 cfu/mL。
Further, the volume ratio of the seed liquid to the fermentation medium in the step S2 is (5-10): 100.
the second object of the invention is to provide a mixed microbial agent prepared by the method.
The third purpose of the invention is to provide the application of the mixed microbial agent prepared by the method in kitchen waste composting.
Further, the method comprises the following steps:
step S1: crushing kitchen waste, and uniformly mixing the crushed kitchen waste with wood chips to obtain a mixed material;
step S2: adding the mixed microbial agent and brown sugar into the mixed material for fermentation, turning the pile after 2 days from the beginning of fermentation, and turning the pile every 3-4 days.
Further, the volume ratio of the wood chips to the kitchen waste is (2-5): 1.
preferably, the volume ratio of wood chips to kitchen waste is 2:1.
further, the ratio of the mixed material to the mixed microbial agent is 1: (1-1.5) (ton: liter).
Preferably, the ratio of the mixed material to the mixed microbial agent is 1:1 (ton: liter).
Further, the mass ratio of the mixed material to the brown sugar is (25-30): 1.
compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
the mixed microbial agent provided by the invention is matched with wood chips and brown sugar to carry out composting treatment on kitchen waste, so that the fermentation period and the treatment cost can be shortened, a composting product with high organic matter content and high composting temperature can be obtained, and the composting product is used for plant seed germination, so that the germination rate of seeds can be improved, and kitchen waste can be successfully converted into resources. The effective viable count of the mixed microbial agent prepared by the invention is not less than 5 multiplied by 10 8 The quality of the fertilizer pile obtained by degrading the kitchen waste by the mixed microbial agent meets the industrial standard of organic fertilizers, and the composting effect is better than that of the microbial agent sold in the market at present.
Drawings
In order that the invention may be more readily understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof that are illustrated in the appended drawings, in which
FIG. 1 is a comparison of the weight of a compost batch during composting of a Control (CK), the microbial agent prepared in example 1, and 4 commercially available microbial agents;
FIG. 2 is a comparison of the temperature of the compost during composting of a control blank (CK), the microbial agent prepared in example 1, and 4 commercially available microbial agents;
FIG. 3 is a comparison of organic matter content during composting of a control blank (CK), the microbial agent prepared in example 1, and 4 commercially available microbial agents;
FIG. 4 is a comparison of total nutrient mass fractions during composting of a Control (CK), the microbial agent prepared in example 1, and 4 commercially available microbial agents;
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples, which are not intended to be limiting, so that those skilled in the art will better understand the invention and practice it.
And (3) counting the germination rate of seeds: and (3) at the 16 th day of composting, stacking part of fertilizer into a seed germination box, uniformly sowing 100 rape seeds in the seed germination box, placing the seed germination box into an illumination incubator, setting illumination time for 12 hours and darkness time for 12 hours, controlling the temperature to be 15-25 ℃, watering twice in the morning and evening, and counting the rape seed germination rate after 7 days.
The microorganisms used in the examples and the commercial microbial agents used in the performance test were all purchased from Saighur Biotechnology Co.
Example 1
The mixed microbial agent of the embodiment comprises, by weight, 10 parts of bacillus subtilis, 10 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 7 parts of bacillus dextran, 8 parts of bacillus sorafei, 8 parts of bacillus siamese, 10 parts of bacillus methylotrophicus, 12 parts of lactobacillus harbine, 20 parts of bacillus stearothermophilus, 7 parts of aspergillus oryzae and 8 parts of trichoderma viride.
The preparation method of the fermentation broth comprises the following steps:
(1) Inoculating strain into liquid seed culture medium, culturing at 26 deg.C and rotation speed of 150-180rpm for 12-48 hr until thallus concentration reaches 10 8 cfu/mL, obtaining seed liquid; the liquid seed medium is as follows: 10g/L peptone, 5g/L yeast powder, 10g/L sodium chloride, pH=7, and sterilizing at 120-125 ℃ for 15-25min;
(2) Inoculating the seed solution obtained in step (1) into fermentation medium according to 5-10% volume ratio, culturing at constant temperature of 26 deg.C and 150-180rpm until thallus concentration reaches 10 10 cfu/mL, obtaining fermentation broth; the fermentation medium is as follows: 10g/L of glycerol, 24g/L of yeast powder, 12g/L of peptone, 2.31g/L of monopotassium phosphate and 16.43g/L of dipotassium phosphate, wherein the pH=7, and the sterilization is carried out for 15-25min at 120-125 ℃.
The kitchen waste is cooked and crushed according to the proportion of 6 of rice, noodles, vegetables, meat stuffing, bean curd and vegetable oil of 39%, 18%, 24%, 6%, 11% and 2%, and then is mixed with pine wood dust according to the proportion of 2:1, adding and uniformly mixing the prepared mixed microbial agent according to the proportion of 1L microbial agent added into 1 ton of material, and finally adding a certain amount of brown sugar for uniformly mixing, wherein the mass ratio of the mixed material to the brown sugar is 25:1, starting fermentation, wherein after the composting is started for 48 hours, the fertilizer pile enters a high-temperature period, at this time, the pile turning work is carried out every day, and the pile turning work is carried out once every 3-4 days later.
The mixed microbial agent provided by the embodiment is used for composting, the weight reduction rate of the kitchen waste after composting is 42.4%, the highest temperature in the high temperature period is 51.2 ℃, the total organic matter content (calculated by a drying basis) in the finished organic fertilizer is 36.1%, and the total nutrient (N+P) 2 O 5 +K 2 The mass fraction (based on the drying basis) of the O) is 10.18%, and the germination index of the seeds is 86.39%.
Example 2
The microbial components of the mixed microbial agent of the embodiment comprise, by weight, 20 parts of bacillus subtilis, 15 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 10 parts of bacillus dextran, 10 parts of bacillus sorafensis, 5 parts of bacillus siamensis, 10 parts of bacillus methylotrophicus, 10 parts of lactobacillus harbine, 10 parts of bacillus stearothermophilus, 5 parts of aspergillus oryzae and 5 parts of trichoderma viride.
The preparation method of the fermentation broth comprises the following steps: (1) Inoculating strain into liquid seed culture medium, culturing at 26 deg.C and rotation speed of 150-180rpm for 12-48 hr until thallus concentration reaches 10 8 cfu/mL, obtaining seed liquid; the liquid seed medium is as follows: 10g/L peptone, 5g/L yeast powder, 10g/L sodium chloride, pH=7, and sterilizing at 120-125 ℃ for 15-25min;
(2) Inoculating the seed solution obtained in the step (1) into a fermentation culture medium according to an inoculum size of 5% by volume, and culturing at a constant temperature of 26 ℃ and under a condition of 150-180rpm until the concentration of thalli reaches 1010cfu/m L to obtain fermentation bacteria solution; the fermentation medium is as follows: 10g/L of glycerol, 24g/L of yeast powder, 12g/L of peptone, 2.31g/L of monopotassium phosphate and 16.43g/L of dipotassium phosphate, wherein the pH=7, and the sterilization is carried out for 15-25min at 120-125 ℃.
The kitchen waste is cooked and crushed according to the proportion of 6 of rice, noodles, vegetables, meat stuffing, bean curd and vegetable oil of 39%, 18%, 24%, 6%, 11% and 2%, and then is mixed with pine wood dust according to the proportion of 2:1, adding and uniformly mixing the prepared microbial agent according to the proportion of 1.5L microbial agent added into 1 ton of material, and finally adding a certain amount of brown sugar for uniformly mixing, wherein the mass ratio of the mixed material to the brown sugar is 30:1, starting fermentation, wherein after the composting is started for 48 hours, the fertilizer pile enters a high-temperature period, at this time, the pile turning work is carried out every day, and the pile turning work is carried out once every 3-4 days later.
The mixed microbial agent provided by the embodiment is used for composting, the weight reduction rate of the kitchen waste after composting is 43.8%, the highest temperature in the high temperature period is 51.5 ℃, the total organic matter content (calculated by a drying basis) in the finished organic fertilizer is 38.4%, and the total nutrient (N+P) 2 O 5 +K 2 The mass fraction (based on the dry basis) of O) is 10.7%, and the germination index of the seeds is 88.3%.
Example 3
The microbial components of the mixed microbial agent of the embodiment are 18 parts of bacillus subtilis, 14 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 5 parts of bacillus dextran, 5 parts of bacillus sorafei, 10 parts of bacillus siamese, 15 parts of bacillus methylotrophicus, 10 parts of lactobacillus harbinensis, 15 parts of bacillus stearothermophilus, 4 parts of aspergillus oryzae and 4 parts of trichoderma viride in parts by weight.
The preparation method of the fermentation broth comprises the following steps: (1) Inoculating strain into liquid seed culture medium, culturing at 26 deg.C and rotation speed of 150-180rpm for 12-48 hr until thallus concentration reaches 10 8 cfu/mL, obtaining seed liquid; the liquid seed medium is as follows: 10g/L peptone, 5g/L yeast powder, 10g/L sodium chloride, pH=7, and sterilizing at 120-125 ℃ for 15-25min;
(2) Inoculating the seed solution obtained in step (1) into fermentation medium according to 10% volume ratio, culturing at constant temperature of 26 deg.C and 150-180rpm until thallus concentration reaches 10 10 cfu/mL, obtaining fermentation broth; the fermentation medium is as follows: 10g/L of glycerol, 24g/L of yeast powder, 12g/L of peptone, 2.31g/L of monopotassium phosphate and 16.43g/L of dipotassium phosphate, wherein the pH=7, and the sterilization is carried out for 15-25min at 120-125 ℃.
The kitchen waste is cooked and crushed according to the proportion of 6 of rice, noodles, vegetables, meat stuffing, bean curd and vegetable oil of 39%, 18%, 24%, 6%, 11% and 2%, and then is mixed with pine wood dust according to the proportion of 2:1, adding and uniformly mixing the prepared microbial agent according to the proportion of 1L microbial agent added into 1 ton of material, and finally adding a certain amount of brown sugar and uniformly mixing to ensure that the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the fertilizer pile reaches 25:1, starting fermentation, wherein after the composting is started for 48 hours, the fertilizer pile enters a high-temperature period, at this time, the pile turning work is carried out every day, and the pile turning work is carried out once every 3-4 days later.
The mixed microbial agent provided by the embodiment is used for composting, the weight reduction rate of the kitchen waste after composting is 44%, the highest temperature in the high temperature period is 52.5 ℃, the total organic matter content (calculated by a drying basis) in the finished organic fertilizer is 37.5%, and the total nutrient (N+P) 2 O 5 +K 2 The mass fraction (based on the dry basis) of O) is 10.1%, and the germination index of the seeds is 87.6%.
Example 4
The microbial components of the mixed microbial agent of the embodiment are 15 parts of bacillus subtilis, 12 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 8 parts of bacillus dextran, 8 parts of bacillus sorafei, 8 parts of bacillus siamese, 12 parts of bacillus methylotrophicus, 12 parts of lactobacillus harbinensis, 15 parts of bacillus stearothermophilus, 5 parts of aspergillus oryzae and 5 parts of trichoderma viride in parts by weight.
The preparation method of the fermentation broth comprises the following steps: (1) Inoculating strain into liquid seed culture medium, culturing at 26 deg.C and rotation speed of 150-180rpm for 12-48 hr until thallus concentration reaches 10 8 cfu/mL, obtaining seed liquid; the liquid seed medium is as follows: 10g/L peptone, 5g/L yeast powder, 10g/L sodium chloride, pH=7, and sterilizing at 120-125 ℃ for 15-25min;
(2) Inoculating the seed solution obtained in step (1) into fermentation medium according to 5% volume ratio, culturing at constant temperature of 26 deg.C and 150-180rpm until thallus concentration reaches 10 10 cfu/mL, obtaining fermentation broth; the fermentation medium is as follows: 10g/L of glycerol, 24g/L of yeast powder, 12g/L of peptone, 2.31g/L of monopotassium phosphate and 16.43g/L of dipotassium phosphate, wherein the pH=7, and the sterilization is carried out for 15-25min at 120-125 ℃.
The kitchen waste is cooked and crushed according to the proportion of 6 of rice, noodles, vegetables, meat stuffing, bean curd and vegetable oil of 39%, 18%, 24%, 6%, 11% and 2%, and then is mixed with pine wood dust according to the proportion of 2:1, adding and uniformly mixing the prepared microbial agent according to the proportion of 1L microbial agent added into 1 ton of material, and finally adding a certain amount of brown sugar and uniformly mixing to ensure that the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the fertilizer pile reaches 30:1, starting fermentation, wherein after the composting is started for 48 hours, the fertilizer pile enters a high-temperature period, at this time, the pile turning work is carried out every day, and the pile turning work is carried out once every 3-4 days later.
The mixed microbial agent provided by the embodiment is used for composting, the weight reduction rate of the kitchen waste after composting is 44.2%, the highest temperature in the high temperature period is 53 ℃, the total organic matter content (calculated by a drying basis) in the finished organic fertilizer is 38.2%, and the total nutrient (N+P) 2 O 5 +K 2 The mass fraction (based on the dry basis) of O) is 10.5%, and the germination index of the seeds is 88.7%.
Comparative example 1
The microbial components of the mixed microbial agent of the comparative example comprise, by weight, 5 parts of bacillus subtilis, 20 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 15 parts of bacillus dextran, 15 parts of bacillus sorafensis, 1 part of bacillus siamensis, 8 parts of bacillus methylotrophicus, 8 parts of lactobacillus harbine, 10 parts of bacillus stearothermophilus, 10 parts of aspergillus oryzae and 10 parts of trichoderma viride.
The preparation method of the fermentation broth comprises the following steps: (1) Inoculating strain into liquid seed culture medium, culturing at 26 deg.C and rotation speed of 150-180rpm for 12-48 hr until thallus concentration reaches 10 8 cfu/mL, obtaining seed liquid; the liquid seed medium is as follows: 10g/L peptone, 5g/L yeast powder, 10g/L sodium chloride, pH=7, and sterilizing at 120-125 ℃ for 15-25min;
(2) Inoculating the seed solution obtained in step (1) into fermentation medium according to 5% volume ratio, culturing at constant temperature of 26 deg.C and 150-180rpm until thallus concentration reaches 10 10 cfu/mL, obtaining fermentation broth; the fermentation medium is as follows: 10g/L of glycerol, 24g/L of yeast powder, 12g/L of peptone, 2.31g/L of monopotassium phosphate and 16.43g/L of dipotassium phosphate, wherein the pH=7, and the sterilization is carried out for 15-25min at 120-125 ℃.
The kitchen waste is cooked and crushed according to the proportion of 6 of rice, noodles, vegetables, meat stuffing, bean curd and vegetable oil of 39%, 18%, 24%, 6%, 11% and 2%, and then is mixed with pine wood dust according to the proportion of 2:1, adding and uniformly mixing the prepared microbial agent according to the proportion of 1L microbial agent added into 1 ton of material, and finally adding a certain amount of brown sugar and uniformly mixing to ensure that the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the fertilizer pile reaches 30:1, starting fermentation, wherein after the composting is started for 48 hours, the fertilizer pile enters a high-temperature period, at this time, the pile turning work is carried out every day, and the pile turning work is carried out once every 3-4 days later.
Composting is carried out by using the mixed microbial agent provided in the comparative example, the weight reduction rate of the piled kitchen waste is 37.2%, and the highest temperature in the high temperature period is 44.6 ℃ to finishThe total organic matter content (based on the dry basis) in the organic fertilizer is 30%, and the total nutrient (N+P) 2 O 5 +K 2 The mass fraction (based on the dry basis) of O) was 7.3%, and the seed germination index was 55.1%.
Comparative example 2
The microbial components of the mixed microbial agent of the comparative example comprise, by weight, 5 parts of bacillus subtilis, 20 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 15 parts of bacillus dextran, 15 parts of bacillus sorafensis, 1 part of bacillus siamensis, 8 parts of bacillus methylotrophicus, 8 parts of lactobacillus harbine, 10 parts of bacillus stearothermophilus, 10 parts of aspergillus oryzae and 10 parts of trichoderma viride.
The preparation method of the fermentation broth comprises the following steps: (1) Inoculating strain into liquid seed culture medium, culturing at 26 deg.C and rotation speed of 150-180rpm for 12-48 hr until thallus concentration reaches 10 8 cfu/mL, obtaining seed liquid; the liquid seed medium is as follows: 10g/L peptone, 5g/L yeast powder, 10g/L sodium chloride, pH=7, and sterilizing at 120-125 ℃ for 15-25min;
(2) Inoculating the seed solution obtained in the step (1) into a fermentation culture medium according to an inoculum size of 5% by volume, and culturing at a constant temperature of 26 ℃ and 150-180rpm until the concentration of thalli reaches 1010cfu/mL to obtain fermentation bacteria solution; the fermentation medium is as follows: 10g/L of glycerol, 24g/L of yeast powder, 12g/L of peptone, 2.31g/L of monopotassium phosphate and 16.43g/L of dipotassium phosphate, wherein the pH=7, and the sterilization is carried out for 15-25min at 120-125 ℃.
The kitchen waste is cooked and crushed according to the proportion of 6 of rice, noodles, vegetables, meat stuffing, bean curd and vegetable oil of 39%, 18%, 24%, 6%, 11% and 2%, and then is mixed with pine wood dust according to the proportion of 2:1, adding and uniformly mixing the prepared microbial agent according to the proportion of 1L microbial agent added into 1 ton of material, and finally adding a certain amount of brown sugar and uniformly mixing to ensure that the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the fertilizer pile reaches 30:1, starting fermentation, wherein after the composting is started for 48 hours, the fertilizer pile enters a high-temperature period, at this time, the pile turning work is carried out every day, and the pile turning work is carried out once every 3-4 days later.
Heap was performed using the mixed microbial agents provided in this comparative exampleThe weight reduction rate of the kitchen waste after the fertilizer is piled is 35%, the highest temperature in the high temperature period is 47.2 ℃, the total organic matter content (calculated by the drying basis) in the finished organic fertilizer is 32.7%, and the total nutrient (N+P) 2 O 5 +K 2 The mass fraction (based on the dry basis) of O) was 6.7%, and the seed germination index was 53.8%.
Performance detection
The self-made kitchen waste is crushed to 2-3cm for composting, 4 microbial agents with the same functions on the market are selected for the same treatment, 10 jin of kitchen waste and 5 jin of pine wood chips are used for each treatment, then 5 mixed microbial agents and a blank control are added according to the proportion of 1 ton of kitchen waste to 1L of microbial agents prepared in the embodiment 1 for composting test, and the effect of the microbial agent formula for promoting the kitchen waste to be piled into organic fertilizer is tested.
The weight reduction results are shown in fig. 1, the weight of the fertilizer pile tends to be stable on the 12 th and 16 th days of composting, the highest weight reduction rate is that the self-made microbial agent is treated on the 12 th day of composting, the weight reduction rate is 41.53% compared with the original weight, and the weight reduction rate is 45.87% when the self-made microbial agent is treated on the 16 th day of composting.
In the composting process, the temperature of the compost reaches the highest temperature at the 3 rd day of the composting, wherein the highest temperature is the self-made microbial agent treatment, the temperature is 51.5 ℃, the temperature range of the compost at the 3 rd and 6 th days is reduced, the temperature of the compost tends to be stable after the 6 th day, and compared with other treatments, the self-made microbial agent treatment temperature is higher.
The organic matter content detection result is shown in fig. 3, the organic matter content of the self-made microbial agent treatment is 36.4% higher than that of other treatments at 11 days of composting, the organic matter content of the fertilizer pile of the self-made microbial agent treatment is 38.9% higher than that of other treatments in the following days, and the blank control treatment is the lowest.
The total nutrient content of the fertilizer pile is shown in figure 4, and the total nutrient content of the fertilizer pile treated by the self-made microbial agent and the fertilizer pile treated by the commercial microbial agent 4 is higher than that of other treatments in days after composting, and the total nutrient content of the fertilizer pile treated by the self-made microbial agent is 10.18% at most in the 16 th day of composting.
It is apparent that the above examples are given by way of illustration only and are not limiting of the embodiments. Other variations and modifications of the present invention will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the foregoing description. It is not necessary here nor is it exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications thereof are contemplated as falling within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the mixed microbial agent is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step S1: inoculating strains into a seed culture medium to obtain seed liquid;
step S2: inoculating the seed liquid into a fermentation medium to obtain fermentation bacteria liquid;
the strain comprises, by weight, 10-20 parts of bacillus subtilis, 10-15 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 5-10 parts of bacillus dextran, 5-10 parts of bacillus sorafensis, 5-10 parts of bacillus siamensis, 10-15 parts of bacillus methylotrophicus, 10-15 parts of lactobacillus harbine, 10-20 parts of bacillus stearothermophilus, 3-8 parts of aspergillus oryzae and 3-8 parts of trichoderma viride;
the seed culture medium comprises 10-15g/L peptone and 5-7g/L yeast powder with the final concentration,
10-12g/L sodium chloride;
the fermentation medium comprises 10-12g/L glycerol and 24-30g/L yeast powder with the final concentration,
12-15g/L peptone, 2.31-2.4g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 16.43-17.1g/L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate.
2. The method for preparing the mixed microbial agent according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the concentration of the bacterial cells in the seed liquid in step S1 was 1X 10 8 -2×10 8 cfu/mL。
3. The method for preparing the mixed microbial agent according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S2The concentration of the bacterial cells in the fermentation broth was 1X 10 10 -5×10 10 cfu/mL。
4. The method for preparing the mixed microbial agent according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S2, the volume ratio of the seed liquid to the fermentation medium is (5-10): 100.
5. the mixed microbial agent prepared by the method of any one of claims 1-4.
6. The application of the mixed microbial agent prepared by the method of any one of claims 1-4 in kitchen waste composting.
7. The use according to claim 6, characterized by the steps of:
step S1: crushing kitchen waste, and uniformly mixing the crushed kitchen waste with wood chips to obtain a mixed material;
step S2: adding the mixed microbial agent and brown sugar into the mixed material for fermentation, turning the pile after 2 days from the beginning of fermentation, and turning the pile every 3-4 days.
8. The use according to claim 7, characterized in that: the volume ratio of the wood dust to the kitchen garbage is (2-5): 1.
9. the use according to claim 7, characterized in that: the ratio of the mixed materials to the mixed microbial agent is 1: (1-1.5) (ton: liter).
10. The use according to claim 7, characterized in that: the mass ratio of the mixed material to the brown sugar is (25-30): 1.
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