JP4267384B2 - New Bacillus sp., Garbage treatment agent, garbage treatment method and apparatus using the same - Google Patents

New Bacillus sp., Garbage treatment agent, garbage treatment method and apparatus using the same Download PDF

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JP4267384B2
JP4267384B2 JP2003186907A JP2003186907A JP4267384B2 JP 4267384 B2 JP4267384 B2 JP 4267384B2 JP 2003186907 A JP2003186907 A JP 2003186907A JP 2003186907 A JP2003186907 A JP 2003186907A JP 4267384 B2 JP4267384 B2 JP 4267384B2
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bacillus
ferm
garbage
subtilis
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JP2005021010A5 (en
JP2005021010A (en
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浩 大村
勝也 昆
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Yakult Honsha Co Ltd
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Yakult Honsha Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses

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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、家庭、レストラン、食品工場等から排出される生ゴミの処理に関し、詳細には、悪臭の発生を抑制するに好適な新規なバチルス属菌株と、これを使用した生ゴミを処理する際の悪臭の発生を抑制し、高効率で堆肥化することのできる生ゴミ処理剤、生ゴミ処理法及び生ゴミ処理装置に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、家庭を始めとして、ホテル、レストラン、食品工場等から大量に廃棄される食物残滓等の生ゴミの処理は、焼却炉による焼却処理、土中への埋め込む埋設処理、或いは細菌等を利用して発酵処理させて堆肥として再利用する発酵処理等の処理方法がある。
【0003】
しかしながら、生ゴミには多量の水分が含まれているために焼却処理には高温で長時間の処理が必要となる、或いは脱水等の前処理が必要となり、手間やコストがかかるといった問題があった。また、埋設処理においても、埋設場所の確保、臭気、地下水の汚染、カラスの問題があった。
【0004】
一方、発酵処理させて堆肥とする方法としては、堆積させてその堆積物の中で自然発酵させる方法と、人工的な発酵槽の中で発酵処理する方法とがある。自然発酵させる場合は生ゴミとして含まれる有機物の種類が多様なために細菌による発酵・分解が一律には進まず、均一に処理することは極めて困難であった。
【0005】
そのため、菌種や発酵条件などを人工的に整えた発酵槽中で発酵処理する方法が主流となりつつあり、より均一に処理する工夫も検討されている。例えばデンプン等の有機栄養剤を含有させた粒状パルプからなる着床材に、好気性バクテリアを接種させ、処理効率を高める技術(例えば、特許文献1参照)や、光好性の微生物を使用して、投光下で処理をするといった技術(例えば、特許文献2参照)が報告されている。
【0006】
しかしながら、これらの方法は、処理効率は高まるものの、アンモニアやメタン等のガスの発生や悪臭の発生については何ら考慮されていなかった。これらの悪臭を解決する為に、発生したガスを別途脱臭槽に回収して、再度微生物と接触させて処理する方法(例えば、特許文献3参照)や、非アンモニア産生菌のみを選択して使用する方法(例えば、特許文献4参照)が提案されている。しかしながら、処理装置そのものが大きくなってしまったり、細菌の資化性の違いにより、発酵処理が均一に進まないといった問題があった。このような場合には、野外等に設置するしかなく、屋内での利用ができない為汎用性の点で劣っていた。
【0007】
また、特定の菌株を用いて生ゴミを処理する方法についても報告されており、例えばBacillus stearothermophilus No.12 等の油分分解菌を、油分吸着・調整材に担持させ、有機性廃棄物の処理剤として使用する技術(例えば、特許文献5参照)が提案されている。
【0008】
【特許文献1】
特開2002−239510
【特許文献2】
特開2001−29580
【特許文献3】
特開平11−165156
【特許文献4】
特開2001−261474
【特許文献5】
特開2002−239504
【0009】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、使用する菌とごみとの接触を阻害したり、通気性を低下させて好適に分解が進まないような、肉類や魚類由来の動物性油分の含有量の高いごみに対しては効果を示すものの、それ以外のごみに対しては処理効率、悪臭の低減効果等の点で十分なものではなかった。
【0010】
また、ごみ処理に用いられる土壌菌の中には、通常は非病原性であるが高濃度で摂取すると食中毒を引き起こすことのあるバチルス・セレウス菌などが存在する。多くのごみ処理装置には処理槽と生ゴミの投入口の間に仕切り等が無く、直接投入口を開閉する場合、使用者がごみ処理菌を経口摂取してしまう可能性があり、使用者は安全な細菌の使用を求めていた。しかしながら、従来はごみ処理の効率にのみ着目され、使用細菌の安全性については全く確認されていなかった。
【0011】
従って、本発明は、組成にかかわらず生ゴミの処理効率が高く、悪臭の生じることの無い新規バチルス属菌、それを用いた汎用性の高い安全な生ゴミ処理剤、生ゴミ処理法及び生ゴミ処理装置を提供することを目的とする。
【0012】
【課題を解決するための手段】
請求項1に記載された発明に係る新規バチルス属菌は、菌沫分解能を有し、非病原性であるバチルス・リケニフォミス BY-1株、バチルス・リケニフォミス BY-2株、バチルス・ファマス BY-3株、バチルス sp. BY-4株、バチルス・ズブチルス BY-5株、バチルス・リケニフォミス BY-6株、バチルス・ズブチルス BY-7株、バチルス・ズブチルス BY-8株、バチルス sp. BY-9株、又はバチルス
sp. BY-10 株より選ばれたことを特徴とするものである。
【0013】
請求項2に記載された発明に係る生ゴミ処理剤は、非病原性の新規バチルス属菌であるバチルス・リケニフォミス BY-1株、バチルス・リケニフォミス BY-2株、バチルス・ファマス BY-3株、バチルス sp. BY-4株、バチルス・ズブチルス BY-5株、バチルス・リケニフォミス BY-6株、バチルス・ズブチルス BY-7株、バチルス・ズブチルス BY-8株、バチルス sp. BY-9株、バチルス sp. BY-10 株より選ばれる1種または2種以上の菌株を有効成分として含むことを特徴とするものである。
【0014】
請求項3に記載された発明に係る生ゴミ処理剤は、蛋白質分解能、澱粉分解能、菌沫分解能、脂質分解能、食物繊維分解能の何れか1つ以上の能力を有する請求項に記載の菌株を1種以上含んだことを特徴とするものである。
【0015】
請求項4に記載された発明に係る生ゴミ処理剤は、請求項2又は3に記載の蛋白質分解能を有する菌株として、バチルス sp. BY-4株、バチルス・ズブチルス BY-5株、バチルス・ズブチルス BY-7株、バチルス・ズブチルス BY-8株より選ばれる1種以上と、
澱粉分解能を有する菌株として、バチルス・ファマス BY-3 株、バチルス・リケニフォミス BY-6株、バチルス・ズブチルス BY-7株、バチルス・ズブチルス BY-8株より選ばれる1種以上の菌株と、
菌沫分解能を有する菌株として、バチルス・リケニフォミス BY-1株、バチルス・リケニフォミス BY-2株、バチルス・ファマス BY-3株、バチルス sp. BY-4株、バチルス・ズブチルス BY-5株、バチルス・リケニフォミス BY-6株、バチルス・ズブチルス BY-7株、バチルス・ズブチルス BY-8株、バチルス sp. BY-9株、バチルス sp. BY-10 株より選ばれる1種以上と、
脂質分解能を有する菌株として、バチルス sp BY-10株と、
食物繊維分解能を有する菌株として、バチルス sp BY-9株との何れか1以上を含んだことを特徴とするものである。
【0016】
請求項5に記載された発明に係る生ゴミ処理剤は、請求項2〜4の何れか1項に記載の有効成分となる前記新規バチルス属菌株と、該菌株を保持する着床材とを含んだことを特徴とするものである。
【0017】
請求項6に記載された発明に係る生ゴミ処理法は、請求項2〜5の何れか1項に記載の生ゴミ処理剤を生ゴミと共に処理槽内で50℃〜90℃の温度で処理することを特徴とするものである。
【0018】
請求項7に記載された発明に係る生ゴミ処理装置は、請求項2〜5の何れか1項に記載の生ゴミ処理剤と生ゴミとを収容する処理槽と、
前記処理槽内を好気状態に保つ生ゴミ処理剤と生ゴミとを攪拌混合する攪拌手段と、
前記処理槽内温度を50℃〜90℃にコントロールする温度管理手段とを備えたことを特徴とするものである。
【0019】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明者等は、上記課題を解決すべく鋭意研究を行った結果、バチルス(Bacillus)属に属する好熱細菌のうち、バチルス・リケニフォミス(B. licheniformis) BY-1株、バチルス・リケニフォミス(B. licheniformis) BY-2株、バチルス・ファマス(B. firmus) BY-3株、バチルス スピーシーズ(B. sp.) BY-4株、バチルス・ズブチルス(B. subtilis) BY-5株、バチルス・リケニフォミス(B. licheniformis) BY-6株、バチルス・ズブチルス(B. subtilis) BY-7株、バチルス・ズブチルス(B. subtilis) BY-8株、バチルス スピーシーズ(B. sp. ) BY-9株、およびバチルス スピーシーズ(B. sp. ) BY-10株が悪臭の発生を抑制するのに好適なバチルス属菌株であることを見出し、これら10株より選ばれる1種または2種以上の株を使用することで、悪臭を生じさせること無く、また生ゴミの内容に左右されずに安全で高い処理効果を得られることを見出し、更にこれらの株が非病原性であることを見出し本発明を完成した。
【0020】
本発明においては、非病原性の新規バチルス属菌であるバチルス・リケニフォミス BY-1株、バチルス・リケニフォミス BY-2株、バチルス・ファマス BY-3株、バチルス sp. BY-4株、バチルス・ズブチルス BY-5株、バチルス・リケニフォミス BY-6株、バチルス・ズブチルス BY-7株、バチルス・ズブチルス BY-8株、バチルス sp. BY-9株、バチルス sp. BY-10 株より選ばれる1種または2種以上の菌株を有効成分として含むものである。このため、組成にかかわらず生ゴミの処理効率が高く、悪臭の生じることの無い、汎用性の高い安全な生ゴミ処理剤を得ることができ、生ゴミ処理法、生ゴミ処理装置に用いることが可能となる。
【0021】
これら、BY-1株〜BY-10 株は、後述する表5で詳細に示す通り、種々の酵素活性を有する。例えば、BY-1株〜BY-10 株には全てリゾチーム(菌沫溶菌酵素)活性を有し、BY-3株及びBY-6株は更にアミラーゼ(澱粉分解酵素)活性を有する。BY-4株及びBY-5株はリゾチーム活性に加えてプロテアーゼ(蛋白質分解酵素)活性を有し、BY-7株及びBY-8株はリゾチーム活性に加えてプロテアーゼ活性とアミラーゼ活性とを有する。また、BY-9株はリゾチーム活性に加えてセルラーゼ(セルローズ分解酵素)活性を有し、BY-10 株はリゾチーム活性に加えてリパーゼ(油脂分解酵素)活性を有する。
【0022】
従って、例えば、リゾチーム活性を有するBY-1株〜BY-10 株の全てはこれら菌株を繁殖させる環境において、菌沫分解能、即ち他の雑菌を分解するため、他の雑菌が発する悪臭の元を絶つことができる。また、アミラーゼ活性を有するBY-3株及びBY-6株はこれら菌株を繁殖させる環境において澱粉分解能を有するため、生ゴミ処理だけでなく澱粉工場等の廃棄物の分解に利用することができる。更に、プロテアーゼ活性を有するBY-4株及びBY-5株はこれら菌株を繁殖させる環境において蛋白質分解能を有するため、生ゴミ処理だけでなく、菌株やその株から得られた酵素は、蛋白質を含む廃棄物の分解や更に試薬・製薬にも利用される可能性がある。同様に、セルラーゼ活性を有するBY-9株及びリパーゼ活性を有するBY-10 株についても食物繊維分解能及び脂質分解能を有するため、菌株やその株から得られた酵素は、食物繊維及び脂質を含む廃棄物の分解や更に試薬・製薬にも利用される可能性がある。
【0023】
以上のように、本発明の生ゴミ処理剤は、アミラーゼ活性、プロテアーゼ活性、リゾチーム活性、リパーゼ活性、セルラーゼ活性に基づき、蛋白質分解能、澱粉分解能、菌沫分解能、脂質分解能、食物繊維分解能の何れか1つ以上の能力を有する菌株を含むことにより、生ゴミの種類に応じて使い分けることができる。
【0024】
例えば、精肉工場からの生ゴミのように、蛋白質及び脂質が主の生ゴミであれば、蛋白質分解能と脂質分解能とに秀でた菌株を生ゴミと共に処理槽に投入することにより、生ゴミの処理効率が高く、しかも全ての菌株で菌沫分解能を有するため、悪臭の発生が抑えられる効果を奏する。また、精米工場からの生ゴミであれば、澱粉分解能と食物繊維分解能とに秀でた菌株を生ゴミと共に処理槽に投入することにより、生ゴミの処理効率が高く、しかも全ての菌株で菌沫分解能を有するため、悪臭の発生が抑えられる効果を奏する。更に、本発明以外の50℃〜90℃で処理を行う生ゴミ処理装置を用いて悪臭が発生する場合には、菌沫分解能を有する本発明の生ゴミ処理剤を投与することにより、悪臭が抑えられるという効果も奏する。
【0025】
具体的には、蛋白質分解能を有するバチルス sp. BY-4株、バチルス・ズブチルス BY-5株、バチルス・ズブチルス BY-7株、バチルス・ズブチルス BY-8株より選ばれる1種または2種以上の菌株を有効成分として含む生ゴミ処理剤、澱粉分解能を有するバチルス・ファマス BY-3 株、バチルス・リケニフォミス BY-6株、バチルス・ズブチルス BY-7株、バチルス・ズブチルス BY-8株より選ばれる1種または2種以上の菌株を有効成分として含む生ゴミ処理剤、菌沫分解能を有するバチルス・リケニフォミス BY-1株、バチルス・リケニフォミス BY-2株、バチルス・ファマス BY-3株、バチルス sp. BY-4株、バチルス・ズブチルス BY-5株、バチルス・リケニフォミス BY-6株、バチルス・ズブチルス BY-7株、バチルス・ズブチルス BY-8株、バチルス sp. BY-9株、バチルス sp. BY-10 株)より選ばれる1種または2種以上の菌株を有効成分として含む生ゴミ処理剤、脂質分解能を有するバチルス sp BY-10株を有効成分として含む生ゴミ処理剤、及び、食物繊維分解能を有するバチルス sp BY-9株を有効成分として含む生ゴミ処理剤がある。
【0026】
本発明の生ゴミ処理剤の有効成分であるバチルス属に属する好熱細菌であるB. licheniformis BY-1株(FERM P-19401として、2003年6月20日に独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所特許生物寄託センターに寄託済み)、B. licheniformis BY-2株(FERM P-19402として、2003年6月20日に独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所特許生物寄託センターに寄託済み)、B. firmus BY-3株(FERM P-19403として、2003年6月20日に独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所特許生物寄託センターに寄託済み)、Bacillus sp.BY-4株(FERM P-19404として、2003年6月20日に独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所特許生物寄託センターに寄託済み)、B. subtilis BY-5株、(FERM P-19405として、2003年6月20日に独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所特許生物寄託センターに寄託済み)、B. licheniformis BY-6株(FERM P-19406として、2003年6月20日に独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所特許生物寄託センターに寄託済み)、B. subtilis BY-7株(FERM P-19407として、2003年6月20日に独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所特許生物寄託センターに寄託済み)、B. subtilis BY-8株(FERM P-19408として、2003年6月20日に独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所特許生物寄託センターに寄託済み)、Bacillus sp.BY-9株(FERM P-19409として、2003年6月20日に独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所特許生物寄託センターに寄託済み)及びBacillus sp.BY-10株(FERM P-19410として、2003年6月20日に独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所特許生物寄託センターに寄託済み)を使用することができる。これらの菌株は、単独で用いても良く、2種以上を組み合わせて用いることもできる。
【0027】
本発明の生ゴミ処理剤の菌株は、直接、生ゴミ処理槽を有した生ゴミ処理装置に投入して使用することができ、また着床材等と組み合わせて用いることもできる。使用する着床材としては通常使用されているものであればいずれも好適に使用でき、適度な水分の吸収・蒸散能及び/又は油分の吸収能があるものが好ましく、多孔質の素材がより好ましい。
【0028】
このような着床材としては木材を細かく破砕、又は細紛化した木質系チップやもみ殻、ふすま、活性炭、セラミックビーズ、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリスチレン、ケイ酸カルシウム、ゼオライト、ビートモス、シリカゲル等が挙げられる。これらの着床材は単独で使用することもできるが、複数の着床材を組み合わせて使用することもできる。特にコストや、処理槽中の水分、油分及び通気性など好気性微生物の生育環境を好適に調整が行なわれる点から、ふすま、ポリビニルアルコール、セラミックビーズ、ポリスチレンや活性炭の使用が好ましく、特にふすまと活性炭を組み合わせて使用することが好ましい。
【0029】
これらの菌株と着床材は、別々に生ゴミに投与してもよく、菌株と着床材を混合して投与してもよい。また、混合して投与する際に、菌株を着床材に担持させて投与することもできる。着床材と菌株の割合としては、特に規定するものではないが、通常、着床材に対し1×107〜1×109cfu/g程度となるようにすれば処理効率、悪臭の低減効果の点で好ましい。
【0030】
本発明の生ゴミ処理法は、前述した生ゴミ処理剤を生ゴミと共に処理槽内で50℃〜90℃の温度で処理することにより、生ゴミの処理効率が高く、悪臭の生じることが無く、汎用性が高く安全な処理法である。
【0031】
この処理法を実践するための生ゴミ処理装置は、生ゴミと前記菌株とを収容する生ゴミ処理槽を有し、好ましくは、処理槽内を好気状態に保つために生ゴミと菌株とを攪拌する攪拌手段と、処理槽内温度を50℃〜90℃にコントロールする温度管理手段とを備える。攪拌手段としては、処理槽自体を回動したり、処理槽内に配備された攪拌杆を駆動することにより攪拌するものであれよい。攪拌手段の駆動は連続的に行ってもよく、一定時間毎に間欠的に行ってもよく、一定の酸素濃度を下回った際に行ってもよい。
【0032】
生ゴミ処理槽内の温度としては、本発明で使用する菌株が活性を示す温度であればよく、通常50℃〜90℃の範囲、特に50℃〜75℃の範囲が良く、更に55℃〜65℃であれば細菌の活性が高く、ごみの処理効率が高くなり好ましい。50℃未満であると、菌体が十分に活性化しない上、悪臭の原因の一つと考えられている処理槽内の寄生虫や有害微生物を十分に不活性化することができず、衛生面及び悪臭低減効果の点で好ましくない。一方、90℃より高い温度であると焦げ臭が生じる上、菌体の活性も低下し、好ましくない。
【0033】
処理槽内の加温、及び温度調整としては、通常使用されている方法であれば特に限定するものではなく、例えば、処理槽内にヒーターユニットが装着されている処理装置を使用するなどの方法が挙げられるが、本発明の菌株の場合には、発酵が進むに従い、菌及び生ゴミ自体の発熱によって、処理槽内の温度が60℃以上に上昇する。このため、ヒータの使用は殆ど生ゴミの初期投入時のみとなる。
【0034】
生ゴミ処理槽内の湿度としては、使用する菌種にあわせて適宜調整、或いは未調整のまま処理をおこなうことができるが、菌体の活性や処理効率の点から80%以下であることが好ましく、特に50%〜60%であることが好ましい。このような湿度の調整方法としては通常用いられている方法であれば特に限定するものではなく、例えば処理槽内に設けた湿度計と連動させて加温装置のON/OFFを切り替える方法や、散水装置を設けるなどの方法が挙げられる。また、処理槽に投与する前に日干し或いは乾燥等の前処理を行い、生ゴミの含水量を低減させた後に投与することもできる。
【0035】
生ゴミ処理槽内のpHは、通常、特に調整する必要はない。しかしながら、柑橘類の残渣が多い場合など、投与する生ゴミの組成によって極度にpHが偏る場合は、pH調整剤を使用することで活性の低下を抑制できる。使用するpH調整剤は通常使用されるものであれば特に限定するものではなく、例えばケイ酸カルシウム等が挙げられる。pH調整剤を使用する場合の使用量は、特に限定されるものではなく、処理槽内のpHが菌体の活性を維持できる範囲になるように投与すればよく、例えば処理槽内のpHが6〜8、特に6.5〜7.5になるような量に適宜調整すればよい。
【0036】
本発明で使用する菌株の使用量としては、対象となる生ゴミが十分に処理できる量であれば特に限定されるものではなく、例えば1×107 cfu以上、特に好ましくは、処理槽容量に対し1×107 cfu/L以上、好ましくは1×107 〜1×1010cfu/L程度、或いは、1回に投与する生ゴミの量に対し、5×107 cfu/kg以上、特に好ましくは5×107 〜5×1010cfu/kg程度となる量であればよい。
【0037】
これらの菌株は、数ヶ月または数年に1度など、定期的に新しい種菌を投与して使用することができ、また、処理済の堆肥中には一定量の菌株が生存している為、稼動当初に単回投与するだけで継続して使用することも可能である。
【0038】
本発明の生ゴミ処理装置に用いる処理槽としては、通常用いられるものであれば特に限定するものではないが、例えば生ゴミを1日50kg、毎日投与する場合には、処理槽の容量として100L以上、好ましくは200〜1500L程度、特に200〜500L程度の容量の処理槽を用いることで、撹拌等も好適に行なわれ、処理効率も維持できる。
【0039】
本発明で処理できる生ゴミの種類としては、特に限定されず、家庭やレストランの生ゴミのほか、食品工場等から廃棄される有機性廃棄物まで広く処理することができる。
【0040】
【実施例】
次に実施例を挙げて本発明を詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。
【0041】
実施例1.菌株の分離および属の同定
分離原としては、(群馬県下の)堆肥、および(都内並びに山梨県下の)処理場の汚泥を用いた。市販の標準培地(乾燥ブイヨン「ニッスイ」;日水製薬社製)に寒天を全量の 1.5%になるように混合した寒天培地を用いて、55〜60℃の温度、好気条件下で24時間培養し、好適な増殖を示した10株を分離した。
【0042】
得られた菌株について、常法に従い属の同定を行なった。即ち、以下の生化学的性質および芽胞の形態について確認し、Smith, Gordon & Clark等の分類方法に従って検討した。結果を表1に示す。表1に示したとおり、何れも株もBacillus属に属することがわかった。
【0043】
【表1】

Figure 0004267384
【0044】
実施例2.種の同定
実施例1で得られた菌株について、同属病原性を有する菌種、バチルス・セレウス菌であるか否かを確認した。培地としてはバチルス・セレウス菌の選択培地NGKG寒天基礎培地「ニッスイ」(日水製薬社製)を用いて、30℃の温度、好気条件下で48時間培養した。結果を次の表2に示す。表2に示す通り、何れの菌株もバチルス・セレウス菌ではないことが判った。
【0045】
【表2】
Figure 0004267384
【0046】
また、種の同定は既知の菌種群の生化学的性質との比較によって行なった。生化学的性質はバシルス属細菌の同定キットであるアピ50CH(Bio Merieux 社製)を用いて測定した。即ち、各々の菌株を0.2mLの滅菌整理食塩水(0.85%NaCl)のアンプル中に、1〜4個のコロニーを浮遊させ、均質とし、マクロファーランド 0.5になるように菌液を調整した。
【0047】
【表3】
Figure 0004267384
【0048】
得られた菌液200μLをキットに付属しているアピAUX培地と混合した後、試験用のカップに分注し、50℃で24時間、および48時間培養した。培養後、菌株の発育を観察し、発育したものを陽性とした。なお、24時間および48時間の培養では明確な結果が得られなかった菌株については、96時間の結果を追加した。結果を表3に示す。
【0049】
表3に示した結果と、既知の菌種群の生化学的性質を比較し、80%以上の同定確率を示した菌種を、当該菌株の菌種と同定した。アピ同定キットによる同定結果を表4に示す。
【0050】
【表4】
Figure 0004267384
【0051】
実施例3.菌株の酵素活性
得られた菌株について、常法に従いプロテアーゼ(蛋白質分解酵素)、アミラーゼ(澱粉分解酵素)、リゾチーム(菌末溶菌酵素)、リパーゼ(油脂分解酵素)及びセルラーゼ(セルローズ分解酵素)の活性を測定した。即ち、ゼラチン(蛋白源)、澱粉、菌沫、大豆油、(および/或いは)セルローズを基質とした標準培地(乾燥ブイヨン「ニッスイ」;日水製薬社製)に寒天を全量の 1.5%になるように混合した寒天培地を用い、55〜60℃の温度下で24時間培養した。培養後、溶菌斑の大きさを元に各々の酵素活性を評価した。結果を表5に示す。
【0052】
表5に示した通り、BY-4からBY-8株については、ほとんどの基質に対し活性を示し、特にBY-7株およびBY-8株は広い基質に対し活性を示すことがわかった。また、この2株は、従来最も分解活性が悪い澱粉に対し特に高い活性を示した。一方、BY-4株、BY-6株およびBY-5株については、菌沫に対し高い分解活性を示し、悪臭の一因となる有害菌の増殖抑制に効果があることが示唆された。
【0053】
【表5】
Figure 0004267384
【0054】
実施例4.生ゴミの処理1
(予備培養)
菌株としては、10株の混合菌株を用いた。菌株を市販の標準培地(乾燥ブイヨン「ニッスイ」;日水製薬社製)を用いて、55〜60℃の温度下で24時間培養した。得られた培養液を遠心集菌した後生理食塩水で洗浄し、生理食塩水に懸濁した後に担体として活性炭250gに対して当量ずつ、総量として1×107 cfu/gとなるように調整・混合して実施1を得た。
【0055】
(ごみ処理効率の比較)
220Lの処理槽に50kgの専管ふすまを床材として投与し、処理槽内温を65℃に保持した後、実施品1を投与して、処理装置とした。
ライス15%、魚類12%、野菜類73%(重量内訳ライス7.5kg、魚類6.0kg、野菜類36.5kg )の生ゴミを、初日は25kg、2日目以降は日に50kgずつ計7日間処理装置に投与し、8日目に装置を停止させて次に示す計算式に基づいて減質量率を算出した。なお、総生成物量は、投与開始7日目に排出した生成物と、機械停止後に得られた生成物の量の合計とした。
【0056】
減質量率(%)=(生ゴミ総投入量−(総生成物量−床材の重量))/生ゴミ総投入量
【0057】
また、生ゴミの投与の際には、投与前に目視による分解状態の観察、及び臭いの状態を確認した。得られた結果を表6に示す。
【0058】
【表6】
Figure 0004267384
【0059】
(結果)
に示した通り、装置稼動中は良好な分解効果を示し、悪臭も発生しなかった。また、処理より得られた生成物は合計44kgであり、減質量率も87%と従来のライスの割合が高い試験の結果に比べ、10%程度高い効果が得られた。得られた生成物の色は茶褐色であったが、パウダー状で臭いも無く、肥料等に好適に再利用できるものであった。
【0060】
実施例5.生ゴミ処理2
(予備培養)
菌株としては、BY−1株〜BY−5株の混合菌株(a) 、及びBY−1株〜BY−8株の混合菌株(b) を用いた。混合菌株(a) を実施例4と同様の方法で培養、及び集菌し、担体として活性炭250gに対して当量ずつ、総量として1×107 cfu/gとなるように調整・混合して、実施品2を得た。また、実施品2と同様に調整して混合菌株(b) から実施品3を得た。
【0061】
(ごみ処理効率の比較)
220Lの処理槽に40kgの専管ふすまを床材として投与し、処理槽内温を65℃に保持した後、実施品2、3 投与して、処理装置とした。
ライス50%、野菜類50%の生ゴミを、日に50kgづつ週に5日間、計10日間処理装置に投与し、10日目に装置を停止させて次に示す計算式に基づいて減質量率を算出した。
【0062】
減質量率(%)=(生ゴミ総投入量−(総生成物量−床材の重量))/生ゴミ総投入量
【0063】
また、生ゴミの投与の際には、投与前に目視による分解状態の観察、及び臭いの状態を確認した。得られた結果を表に示す。
【0064】
表7に示した通り、混合菌株(a) 、及び混合菌株(b) の減質量率は63〜65%程度であった。また、混合菌株(a) に比べ、混合菌株(b) は澱粉質の分解能が高く、繊維質についても混合菌株(b) に比べ時間はかかるものの、良好な分解状態を示した。一方、臭気の改善に関しては混合菌株(a) の方が効果は高かったが、混合菌株(b) についても若干臭気は感じられたものの、許容できる程度であった。
【0065】
【表7】
Figure 0004267384
【0066】
実施例6.安全性
菌株としては、実施例1で分離した菌株10株を用いた。実施例と同様の方法で培養、及び集菌・洗浄した後、各々の菌株を当量ずつ混合し、最終濃度200mg/ml となるように局方注射用蒸留水(以後、D.W.と記す)に懸濁し、実施品4(BY-Mix)20mlを得た。得られた懸濁液の半量をオートクレーブで殺菌し(121℃、30min)、実施品5(BYD-Mix)とした。
【0067】
試験には、各試験物質に対し6週齢のCrj:CD-1(ICR)系マウス雌雄各々6匹ずつを供した。飼料にはF-2固形飼料(船橋農場社製)を用い、試験期間中は飼料、飲料共に自由摂取とした。試験物質投与群には、実施品4又は5をマウスの体重あたり2000mg/kg、液量として10ml/kgとなるように局方注射用蒸留水(以後、D.W.と記す)に懸濁し、投与した。また、対照群としては体重あたり10ml/kgのD.W.を投与した群を設定した。
【0068】
18時間の絶食の後、胃ゾンデを用いて試料及びD.W.を単回経口投与した。投与直後、投与後2、4、6時間後、及び投与1〜14日目まで毎日、目視により一般状況を確認した。また、投与直後、及び投与後1、2、7、10、14日目に電子天秤(FY-3000、エー・アンド・ディ社製)を用いて体重を測定し、各群ごとの平均値を求めた。更に病理学的検査として投与後14日目にペントバルビタール麻酔下に放血屠殺し、全身の器官、組織を肉眼的に観察し、対照群と比較した結果を表9に示す評価基準に従って評価した。得られた体重変化結果を表8に、病理学的検査結果を表10に示す。
【0069】
【表8】
Figure 0004267384
【0070】
【表9】
Figure 0004267384
【0071】
【表10】
Figure 0004267384
【0072】
全ての群においても、試験期間中一般状態の変化は認められなかった。また、表8に示したように、全ての群において良好な体重増加が認められた。一方、表10に示したように、全ての群において肉眼的に異常所見は認められなかった。したがって、いずれの菌株も生菌、死菌を問わず急性毒性を示さないことが判った。
【0073】
以上のように、本発明の生ゴミ処理方法によれば、生ゴミの組成に左右されること無く、また悪臭を生じることなく、安全かつ高い処理効率で生ゴミを処理することができると言う効果を有する。
【0074】
【発明の効果】
本発明は以上説明した通り、組成にかかわらず生ゴミの処理効率が高く、悪臭の生じることの無い、汎用性の高い安全な生ゴミ処理剤、生ゴミ処理法及び生ゴミ処理装置を提供することができるという効果がある。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to processing of garbage discharged from homes, restaurants, food factories, and the like, and more specifically, a novel Bacillus genus strain suitable for suppressing the generation of malodors, and processing of garbage using the same. The present invention relates to a garbage disposal agent, a garbage disposal method, and a garbage disposal apparatus that can suppress the generation of bad odor and can be composted with high efficiency.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, processing of garbage such as food waste that is discarded in large quantities from households, hotels, restaurants, food factories, etc., uses incineration using an incinerator, embedding in the soil, or bacteria. There is a processing method such as fermentation processing that is fermented and reused as compost.
[0003]
However, because garbage contains a large amount of moisture, the incineration process requires a long process at a high temperature, or requires a pretreatment such as dehydration, which is troublesome and costly. It was. Also, in the burial process, there were problems of securing the burial site, odor, contamination of groundwater, and crows.
[0004]
On the other hand, as a method of fermenting to compost, there are a method of depositing and natural fermentation in the deposit, and a method of fermenting in an artificial fermenter. In the case of natural fermentation, the variety of organic substances contained as raw garbage is diverse, so that fermentation and decomposition by bacteria do not progress uniformly, and it has been extremely difficult to treat uniformly.
[0005]
For this reason, a method of fermenting in a fermenter in which bacterial species, fermentation conditions, and the like are artificially adjusted is becoming mainstream, and a device for more uniform processing has been studied. For example, a technique of inoculating aerobic bacteria on a flooring material made of granular pulp containing an organic nutrient such as starch to increase the processing efficiency (for example, see Patent Document 1) or photophilic microorganisms is used. Thus, there has been reported a technique (for example, see Patent Document 2) in which processing is performed under light projection.
[0006]
However, although these methods increase the treatment efficiency, no consideration has been given to the generation of gases such as ammonia and methane and the generation of malodors. In order to solve these bad odors, the generated gas is separately collected in a deodorizing tank and treated again by contacting with microorganisms (for example, see Patent Document 3), or only non-ammonia producing bacteria are selected and used. A method (for example, see Patent Document 4) has been proposed. However, there has been a problem that the processing apparatus itself becomes large or the fermentation process does not proceed uniformly due to differences in the utilization of bacteria. In such a case, it can only be installed outdoors and cannot be used indoors, so it is inferior in versatility.
[0007]
  In addition, a method for treating garbage using a specific strain has also been reported, for example,Bacillus stearothermophilus There has been proposed a technique in which an oil-degrading bacterium such as No. 12 is supported on an oil adsorbing / adjusting material and used as a treatment agent for organic waste (for example, see Patent Document 5).
[0008]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 2002-239510 A
[Patent Document 2]
JP2001-29580
[Patent Document 3]
JP-A-11-165156
[Patent Document 4]
JP 2001-261474 A
[Patent Document 5]
JP 2002-239504 A
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, it is effective for wastes with high animal oil content derived from meat and fish that do not properly decompose due to impediments to contact between the bacteria used and the waste or to reduce the air permeability. Although shown, it was not sufficient with respect to other wastes in terms of treatment efficiency, odor reduction effect, and the like.
[0010]
In addition, among soil bacteria used for waste treatment, there are Bacillus cereus bacteria that are normally non-pathogenic but can cause food poisoning when ingested at high concentrations. Many garbage disposal devices do not have a partition between the treatment tank and the garbage input, and if the inlet is opened and closed directly, the user may ingest the waste treatment bacteria. Sought the use of safe bacteria. Conventionally, however, attention has been paid only to the efficiency of waste treatment, and the safety of the bacteria used has not been confirmed at all.
[0011]
Accordingly, the present invention provides a novel Bacillus genus that has a high treatment efficiency of garbage regardless of composition and does not cause malodor, a highly versatile safe garbage treatment agent using the same, a garbage treatment method, and a garbage treatment method. An object is to provide a garbage disposal apparatus.
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The novel Bacillus genus according to the invention described in claim 1 has Bacillus lichenifomis BY-1 strain, Bacillus lichenifomis BY-2 strain, Bacillus famas BY-3, which has bacterial cell resolution and is non-pathogenic. Strain, Bacillus sp. BY-4, Bacillus subtilis BY-5, Bacillus lichenifomis BY-6, Bacillus subtilis BY-7, Bacillus subtilis BY-8, Bacillus sp. BY-9, Or Bacillus
It has been selected from sp. BY-10 strain.
[0013]
The garbage treatment agent according to the invention described in claim 2 is a novel non-pathogenic Bacillus genus Bacillus lichenifomis BY-1 strain, Bacillus lichenifomis BY-2 strain, Bacillus famus BY-3 strain, Bacillus sp. BY-4, Bacillus subtilis BY-5, Bacillus lichenifomis BY-6, Bacillus subtilis BY-7, Bacillus subtilis BY-8, Bacillus sp. BY-9, Bacillus sp It contains one or more strains selected from BY-10 strain as an active ingredient.
[0014]
  The garbage processing agent according to the invention described in claim 3 has one or more of the ability of protein resolution, starch resolution, bacterial cell resolution, lipid resolution, and dietary fiber resolution.2It contains at least one strain described in 1.
[0015]
  The garbage treatment agent according to the invention described in claim 4 is a strain having the protein resolving power according to claim 2 or 3, wherein Bacillus sp. BY-4 strain, Bacillus subtilis BY-5 strain, Bacillus subtilis. One or more selected from BY-7, Bacillus subtilis BY-8,
  As a strain with starch degradability,Bacillus Famas BY-3 stock,One or more strains selected from Bacillus lichenifomis BY-6, Bacillus subtilis BY-7, Bacillus subtilis BY-8,
  As strains having bacterial spoilage resolution, Bacillus lichenifomis BY-1 strain, Bacillus lichenifomis BY-2 strain, Bacillus famas BY-3 strain, Bacillus sp. BY-4 strain, Bacillus subtilis BY-5 strain, Bacillus subtilis BY-5 strain, One or more selected from Rikenifomis strain BY-6, Bacillus subtilis BY-7, Bacillus subtilis BY-8, Bacillus sp. BY-9, Bacillus sp. BY-10,
  As a strain having lipid resolution, Bacillus sp BY-10 strain,
  As a strain having a dietary fiber resolution, one or more of Bacillus sp BY-9 strain is included.
[0016]
The garbage processing agent which concerns on the invention described in Claim 5 is the novel Bacillus genus strain used as the active ingredient of any one of Claims 2-4, and the flooring material which hold | maintains this strain. It is characterized by inclusion.
[0017]
The garbage disposal method according to the invention described in claim 6 is the treatment of the garbage treatment agent according to any one of claims 2 to 5 at a temperature of 50 ° C to 90 ° C in the treatment tank together with the garbage. It is characterized by doing.
[0018]
A garbage disposal apparatus according to the invention described in claim 7, a treatment tank containing the garbage treatment agent according to any one of claims 2 to 5 and garbage,
Agitation means for agitating and mixing the garbage treatment agent and garbage for keeping the inside of the treatment tank in an aerobic state;
And a temperature management means for controlling the temperature in the processing tank to 50 ° C. to 90 ° C.
[0019]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have found that Bacillus (BacillusAmong thermophilic bacteria belonging to the genus), Bacillus lichenifomis (B.licheniformis) BY-1 stock, Bacillus lichenifomis (B.licheniformis) BY-2, Bacillus Famus (B.firmus) BY-3 stock, Bacillus species (Bsp.) BY-4 strain, Bacillus subtilis (B.subtilis) BY-5 shares, Bacillus lichenifomis (B.licheniformis) BY-6, Bacillus subtilis (B.subtilis) BY-7, Bacillus subtilis (B.subtilis) BY-8 shares, Bacillus species (Bsp.) BY-9, and Bacillus species (Bsp.) BY-10 strain was found to be a suitable Bacillus strain for suppressing the generation of malodor, and by using one or more strains selected from these 10 strains, The present inventors have found that a safe and high treatment effect can be obtained without causing it to occur and not depending on the contents of the garbage, and further, found that these strains are non-pathogenic, and completed the present invention.
[0020]
In the present invention, Bacillus lichenifomis BY-1 strain, Bacillus lichenifomis BY-2 strain, Bacillus famas BY-3 strain, Bacillus sp. BY-4 strain, Bacillus subtilis, which are new non-pathogenic Bacillus spp. One selected from BY-5, Bacillus lichenifomis BY-6, Bacillus subtilis BY-7, Bacillus subtilis BY-8, Bacillus sp. BY-9, Bacillus sp. BY-10 It contains two or more strains as active ingredients. For this reason, it is possible to obtain a highly versatile and safe garbage processing agent that has high garbage processing efficiency regardless of composition and does not cause malodor, and is used in the garbage processing method and the garbage processing apparatus. Is possible.
[0021]
These BY-1 strain to BY-10 strain have various enzyme activities as shown in detail in Table 5 described later. For example, the BY-1 to BY-10 strains all have lysozyme (bacterial lysing enzyme) activity, and the BY-3 and BY-6 strains further have amylase (starch degrading enzyme) activity. The BY-4 and BY-5 strains have protease (proteolytic enzyme) activity in addition to lysozyme activity, and the BY-7 and BY-8 strains have protease activity and amylase activity in addition to lysozyme activity. The BY-9 strain has cellulase (cellulose degrading enzyme) activity in addition to lysozyme activity, and the BY-10 strain has lipase (oil degrading enzyme) activity in addition to lysozyme activity.
[0022]
Therefore, for example, all of BY-1 to BY-10 strains having lysozyme activity are in the environment where these strains are propagated, so that they can decompose the bacteria, that is, the source of malodors caused by other bacteria in order to decompose other bacteria. Can be cut off. In addition, the BY-3 and BY-6 strains having amylase activity have starch degradability in an environment where these strains are propagated, so that they can be used not only for garbage disposal but also for decomposition of wastes such as starch factories. Furthermore, since the BY-4 and BY-5 strains having protease activity have protein resolution in an environment where these strains are propagated, not only the garbage treatment but also the strain and the enzyme obtained from the strain contain proteins. There is a possibility that it will be used for decomposition of waste and for reagents and pharmaceuticals. Similarly, BY-9 strain having cellulase activity and BY-10 strain having lipase activity also have dietary fiber and lipid degradability, so the strain and the enzyme obtained from the strain must be disposed of containing dietary fiber and lipid. There is a possibility that it will be used for decomposition of products and for reagents and pharmaceuticals.
[0023]
As described above, the garbage treatment agent of the present invention is based on amylase activity, protease activity, lysozyme activity, lipase activity, cellulase activity, and is any of protein resolution, starch resolution, fungus resolution, lipid resolution, and dietary fiber resolution. By including a strain having one or more abilities, it can be properly used according to the type of garbage.
[0024]
For example, if protein and lipid are the main garbage, such as garbage from a meat factory, by putting a strain excellent in protein and lipid resolution into the treatment tank together with the garbage, Since the treatment efficiency is high and all the bacterial strains have the ability to disperse bacteria, there is an effect that the generation of malodor is suppressed. In the case of raw garbage from a rice mill, by introducing a strain that excels in starch and dietary fiber resolution into the treatment tank together with the raw garbage, the processing efficiency of the raw garbage is high, and the fungus Since it has droplet resolution, it produces an effect of suppressing the generation of malodor. Furthermore, when bad odor is generated using a garbage processing apparatus that performs treatment at 50 ° C. to 90 ° C. other than the present invention, the bad odor is generated by administering the garbage processing agent of the present invention having a bacterial cell resolution. It also has the effect of being suppressed.
[0025]
  Specifically, one or more selected from Bacillus sp. BY-4 strain, Bacillus subtilis BY-5 strain, Bacillus subtilis BY-7 strain, Bacillus subtilis BY-8 strain having protein resolution Garbage treatment agent containing strain as active ingredient, has starch degradabilityBacillus Famas BY-3 stock,A garbage treatment agent containing one or more strains selected from Bacillus lichenifomis BY-6 strain, Bacillus subtilis BY-7 strain, Bacillus subtilis BY-8 strain as an active ingredient, and Bacillus having a sputum resolution Rikenifomis BY-1 strain, Bacillus lichenifomis BY-2 strain, Bacillus famus BY-3 strain, Bacillus sp. BY-4 strain, Bacillus subtilis BY-5 strain, Bacillus lichenifomis BY-6 strain, Bacillus subtilis BY-7 strain, Bacillus subtilis BY-8 strain, Bacillus sp. BY-9 strain, Bacillus sp. BY-10 strain) as an active ingredient, There is a garbage treating agent containing a Bacillus sp BY-10 strain having lipid decomposability as an active ingredient and a garbage treating agent containing a Bacillus sp BY-9 strain having dietary fiber degrading ability as an active ingredient.
[0026]
It is a thermophilic bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus which is an active ingredient of the garbage treatment agent of the present invention.B.licheniformis BY-1 stock (as FERM P-19401, deposited at the Patent Organism Depositary, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology on June 20, 2003)B.licheniformis BY-2 stock (as FERM P-19402, deposited at the Patent Organism Depositary, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology on June 20, 2003)B. firmus BY-3 stock (as FERM P-19403, deposited at the Patent Organism Depositary, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology on June 20, 2003)Bacillus sp.BY-4 strain (FERM P-19404, deposited at the Patent Organism Depositary, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology on June 20, 2003)B.subtilis BY-5 strain, (as FERM P-19405, deposited at the Patent Organism Depositary, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology on June 20, 2003),B.licheniformis BY-6 shares (as FERM P-19406, deposited at the Patent Organism Depositary, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology on June 20, 2003)B.subtilis BY-7 strain (FERM P-19407, deposited at the Patent Organism Depositary, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology on June 20, 2003)B.subtilis BY-8 stock (as FERM P-19408, deposited at the Patent Organism Depositary, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology on June 20, 2003)Bacillus sp.BY-9 strain (as FERM P-19409, deposited at the Patent Organism Depositary, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology on June 20, 2003) andBacillus sp. BY-10 strain (FERM P-19410, deposited on June 20, 2003 at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Patent Biological Deposit Center) can be used. These strains may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0027]
The strain of the garbage treatment agent of the present invention can be directly used by being put into a garbage treatment apparatus having a garbage treatment tank, or can be used in combination with a flooring material or the like. As the flooring material to be used, any of those usually used can be suitably used, and those having an appropriate water absorption / transpiration capability and / or oil absorption capability are preferable, and a porous material is more preferable. preferable.
[0028]
Examples of such a flooring material include wood chips, rice husks, bran, activated carbon, ceramic beads, polyvinyl alcohol, polystyrene, calcium silicate, zeolite, beet moss, silica gel, etc., which are crushed or pulverized wood. . These flooring materials can be used alone, or a plurality of flooring materials can be used in combination. In particular, bran, polyvinyl alcohol, ceramic beads, polystyrene and activated carbon are preferably used, particularly from bran, because the growth environment of aerobic microorganisms such as cost, moisture, oil content and air permeability in the treatment tank is suitably adjusted. It is preferable to use activated carbon in combination.
[0029]
These strains and the flooring material may be administered separately to garbage, or the strain and the flooring material may be mixed and administered. Moreover, when mixing and administering, a strain can also be carry | supported by an implantation material and can be administered. The ratio of the flooring material to the bacterial strain is not particularly specified, but is usually 1 × 10 to the flooring material.7~ 1x109If it is set to about cfu / g, it is preferable at the point of processing efficiency and the reduction effect of malodor.
[0030]
In the garbage disposal method of the present invention, the above-mentioned garbage treatment agent is treated together with garbage in a treatment tank at a temperature of 50 ° C. to 90 ° C., so that the treatment efficiency of the garbage is high and no bad odor is generated. It is a versatile and safe treatment method.
[0031]
The garbage processing apparatus for practicing this treatment method has a garbage processing tank containing the garbage and the strain, and preferably, the garbage and the strain to keep the inside of the processing tank in an aerobic state. And a temperature management means for controlling the temperature in the treatment tank to 50 to 90 ° C. As the stirring means, the processing tank itself may be rotated, or may be stirred by driving a stirring tank provided in the processing tank. The stirring means may be driven continuously, intermittently at regular intervals, or when the oxygen concentration is below a certain level.
[0032]
The temperature in the garbage disposal tank may be any temperature as long as the strain used in the present invention is active, usually in the range of 50 ° C to 90 ° C, particularly in the range of 50 ° C to 75 ° C, and more preferably from 55 ° C to 55 ° C. If it is 65 degreeC, the activity of bacteria is high and the processing efficiency of refuse becomes high, and it is preferable. When the temperature is lower than 50 ° C, the bacterial cells are not sufficiently activated, and the parasites and harmful microorganisms in the treatment tank, which is considered to be one of the causes of bad odor, cannot be sufficiently inactivated. And it is not preferable in terms of the effect of reducing odor. On the other hand, when the temperature is higher than 90 ° C., a burning odor is generated, and the activity of the fungus body is lowered, which is not preferable.
[0033]
The heating in the processing tank and the temperature adjustment are not particularly limited as long as it is a commonly used method. For example, a method of using a processing apparatus in which a heater unit is mounted in the processing tank is used. In the case of the strain of the present invention, as the fermentation proceeds, the temperature in the treatment tank rises to 60 ° C. or higher due to the heat generated by the bacteria and garbage itself. For this reason, the heater is mostly used only at the time of initial input of garbage.
[0034]
The humidity in the garbage treatment tank can be adjusted as appropriate or not adjusted according to the type of fungus to be used, but can be 80% or less from the viewpoint of fungal cell activity and treatment efficiency. It is preferably 50% to 60%, in particular. Such a humidity adjustment method is not particularly limited as long as it is a commonly used method, for example, a method of switching ON / OFF of the heating device in conjunction with a hygrometer provided in the treatment tank, A method such as providing a watering device can be mentioned. Moreover, it can also administer after carrying out pretreatment, such as sun drying or drying, before reducing to the treatment tank, and reducing the moisture content of garbage.
[0035]
It is not usually necessary to adjust the pH in the garbage processing tank. However, when the pH is extremely biased depending on the composition of the garbage to be administered, such as when there are many citrus residues, the decrease in activity can be suppressed by using a pH adjuster. The pH adjuster to be used is not particularly limited as long as it is usually used, and examples thereof include calcium silicate. The amount used in the case of using a pH adjuster is not particularly limited, and it may be administered so that the pH in the treatment tank is within a range where the activity of the cells can be maintained. What is necessary is just to adjust suitably to the quantity which will be 6-8, especially 6.5-7.5.
[0036]
The amount of the strain used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the target garbage can be processed sufficiently, and for example, 1 × 107 cfu or more, particularly preferably 1 × 10 to the treatment tank capacity7 cfu / L or more, preferably 1 × 107 ~ 1x10Tencfu / L or 5 × 10 for the amount of garbage to be administered at one time7 cfu / kg or more, particularly preferably 5 × 107 ~ 5x10TenAny amount of cfu / kg may be used.
[0037]
These strains can be used by regularly administering a new inoculum, such as once every several months or years, and because a certain amount of strain is alive in the treated compost, It is possible to continue to use it by only a single administration at the beginning of operation.
[0038]
The treatment tank used in the garbage processing apparatus of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is normally used. For example, when garbage is administered daily at 50 kg, the treatment tank capacity is 100 L. As described above, by using a treatment tank having a capacity of preferably about 200 to 1500 L, particularly about 200 to 500 L, stirring and the like are suitably performed, and the processing efficiency can be maintained.
[0039]
The type of garbage that can be treated in the present invention is not particularly limited, and it can be widely treated from household and restaurant garbage to organic waste discarded from food factories and the like.
[0040]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Next, although an Example is given and this invention is demonstrated in detail, this invention is not limited to these.
[0041]
Example 1. Isolation and identification of strains
As the separation source, compost (under Gunma Prefecture) and sludge from the treatment plant (under Tokyo and Yamanashi Prefecture) were used. Using a standard agar medium (dried bouillon “Nissui”; manufactured by Nissui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) with agar mixed to 1.5% of the total volume, a temperature of 55-60 ° C. under aerobic conditions for 24 hours After culturing, 10 strains that showed suitable growth were isolated.
[0042]
About the obtained strain, the genus was identified according to a conventional method. That is, the following biochemical properties and spore morphology were confirmed and examined according to the classification method of Smith, Gordon & Clark and others. The results are shown in Table 1. As shown in Table 1, all the stocksBacillusIt was found to belong to the genus.
[0043]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004267384
[0044]
Example 2 Species identification
About the strain obtained in Example 1, it was confirmed whether it was a bacterial species having the same genus pathogenicity, Bacillus cereus. As a culture medium, a selection medium NGKG agar basic medium “Nissui” (manufactured by Nissui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) of Bacillus cereus was used and cultured at a temperature of 30 ° C. for 48 hours. The results are shown in Table 2 below. As shown in Table 2, it was found that none of the strains was Bacillus cereus.
[0045]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004267384
[0046]
The species was identified by comparison with the biochemical properties of known bacterial species. Biochemical properties were measured using API 50CH (manufactured by Bio Merieux), which is an identification kit for Bacillus bacteria. That is, 1 to 4 colonies were suspended in each ampule in 0.2 mL of sterilized organized saline (0.85% NaCl), homogenized, and the bacterial solution was adjusted to a macrofarland of 0.5.
[0047]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004267384
[0048]
200 μL of the obtained bacterial solution was mixed with the API AUX medium attached to the kit, and then dispensed into a test cup and cultured at 50 ° C. for 24 hours and 48 hours. After culturing, the growth of the strain was observed, and the growth was regarded as positive. In addition, 96 hours of results were added to strains that did not give clear results after 24 and 48 hours of culture. The results are shown in Table 3.
[0049]
The results shown in Table 3 were compared with the biochemical properties of known bacterial species groups, and the bacterial species showing an identification probability of 80% or more were identified as the bacterial species of the strain. Table 4 shows the results of identification using the API identification kit.
[0050]
[Table 4]
Figure 0004267384
[0051]
Example 3 FIG. Enzyme activity of the strain
About the obtained strain, the activity of protease (proteolytic enzyme), amylase (starch degrading enzyme), lysozyme (bacterial lysing enzyme), lipase (oil degrading enzyme) and cellulase (cellulose degrading enzyme) was measured according to a conventional method. That is, agar is 1.5% of the total amount in a standard medium (dried bouillon “Nissui”; manufactured by Nissui Pharmaceutical) using gelatin (protein source), starch, fungus, soybean oil, and / or cellulose as a substrate. The agar medium thus mixed was cultured at a temperature of 55-60 ° C. for 24 hours. After the culture, each enzyme activity was evaluated based on the size of the lysis spots. The results are shown in Table 5.
[0052]
As shown in Table 5, the BY-4 to BY-8 strains showed activity against most substrates, and in particular, the BY-7 and BY-8 strains showed activity against a wide range of substrates. Further, these two strains showed particularly high activity against starch having the worst degradation activity in the past. On the other hand, the BY-4 strain, BY-6 strain and BY-5 strain showed high degrading activity against the bacterial droplets, suggesting that they are effective in suppressing the growth of harmful bacteria that contribute to malodor.
[0053]
[Table 5]
Figure 0004267384
[0054]
Example 4 Garbage disposal 1
(Preliminary culture)
  As a strain, 10 mixed strains were used. The strain was cultured for 24 hours at a temperature of 55 to 60 ° C. using a commercially available standard medium (dried bouillon “Nissui”; manufactured by Nissui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.). The obtained culture broth was collected by centrifugation, washed with physiological saline, suspended in physiological saline, and then equivalent to 250 g of activated carbon as a carrier in a total amount of 1 × 10.7 Adjust and mix to cfu / gGoods1 was obtained.
[0055]
(Comparison of waste disposal efficiency)
50 kg of special pipe bran was administered as a flooring to a 220 L treatment tank, and the treatment tank was maintained at 65 ° C., and then the product 1 was administered to prepare a treatment apparatus.
15% of rice, 12% of fish, 73% of vegetables (weight breakdown rice 7.5kg, fish 6.0kg, vegetables 36.5kg) is treated for 7 days, 25kg on the first day and 50kg on the second day. After administration to the device, the device was stopped on the 8th day, and the weight loss rate was calculated based on the following formula. The total product amount was defined as the sum of the product discharged on the seventh day after administration and the amount of product obtained after the machine was stopped.
[0056]
Weight loss rate (%) = (Total input amount of garbage-(Total product amount-Weight of flooring)) / Total input amount of garbage
[0057]
In addition, at the time of administration of garbage, the state of decomposition was visually observed and the state of odor was confirmed before administration. The results obtained are shown in Table 6.
[0058]
[Table 6]
Figure 0004267384
[0059]
(result)
  table6As shown in Fig. 1, the decomposition effect was good during operation of the apparatus, and no bad odor was generated. Moreover, the product obtained by the treatment was 44 kg in total, and the weight loss rate was 87%, which was about 10% higher than the result of the test with a high ratio of conventional rice. The color of the obtained product was brownish brown, but it was powdery and had no odor and could be suitably reused as a fertilizer.
[0060]
Example 5 FIG. Garbage disposal 2
(Preliminary culture)
As the strain, a mixed strain (a) of BY-1 strain to BY-5 strain and a mixed strain (b) of BY-1 strain to BY-8 strain were used. The mixed strain (a) was cultured and collected in the same manner as in Example 4, and the total amount was 1 × 10 5 by weight with respect to 250 g of activated carbon as a carrier.7 The prepared product 2 was obtained by adjusting and mixing to cfu / g. Moreover, it adjusted similarly to the implementation product 2, and the implementation product 3 was obtained from the mixed strain (b).
[0061]
(Comparison of waste disposal efficiency)
  After administering 40kg exclusive bran as a flooring to a 220L treatment tank and maintaining the treatment tank temperature at 65 ° C,Three TheThe treatment device was administered.
  50% rice and 50% vegetable garbage is administered to the treatment device for 10 days, 50 days a week for 5 days a week. The device is stopped on the 10th day and the weight is reduced based on the following formula. The rate was calculated.
[0062]
Weight loss rate (%) = (Total input amount of garbage-(Total product amount-Weight of flooring)) / Total input amount of garbage
[0063]
  In addition, at the time of administration of garbage, the state of decomposition was visually observed and the state of odor was confirmed before administration. Table of obtained results7Shown in
[0064]
As shown in Table 7, the weight loss rate of the mixed strain (a) and the mixed strain (b) was about 63 to 65%. Compared with the mixed strain (a), the mixed strain (b) had a higher starchy resolution, and the fiber also showed a good degradation state although it took more time than the mixed strain (b). On the other hand, the mixed strain (a) was more effective in improving the odor, but the mixed strain (b) was somewhat acceptable but was acceptable.
[0065]
[Table 7]
Figure 0004267384
[0066]
Example 6 safety
  As the strain, 10 strains isolated in Example 1 were used. Example4After culture, collection and washing in the same manner as above, each strain was mixed in an equivalent amount, and distilled water for local injection (hereinafter referred to as DW) to a final concentration of 200 mg / ml. Suspension was obtained to obtain 20 ml of Example 4 (BY-Mix). Half of the obtained suspension was sterilized with an autoclave (121 ° C., 30 min) to obtain a product 5 (BYD-Mix).
[0067]
In the test, 6 male and 6 female 6-week-old Crj: CD-1 (ICR) mice were used for each test substance. F-2 solid feed (manufactured by Funabashi Farm) was used as the feed, and both feed and beverage were freely consumed during the test period. In the test substance administration group, the product 4 or 5 was suspended and administered in distilled water for pharmacopoeia injection (hereinafter referred to as DW) so as to give 2000 mg / kg of mouse body weight and 10 ml / kg of liquid volume. . As a control group, a group administered with 10 ml / kg D.W. per body weight was set.
[0068]
After an 18-hour fast, the sample and D.W. were administered orally once using a stomach tube. General conditions were visually confirmed immediately after administration, 2, 4, 6 hours after administration, and every day from the first to the 14th day of administration. In addition, the body weight was measured using an electronic balance (FY-3000, manufactured by A & D Co.) immediately after administration and 1, 2, 7, 10, and 14 days after administration, and the average value for each group was determined. Asked. Further, as a pathological examination, the blood was sacrificed under pentobarbital anesthesia on the 14th day after administration, and organs and tissues of the whole body were visually observed, and the results compared with the control group were evaluated according to the evaluation criteria shown in Table 9. The obtained weight change results are shown in Table 8, and the pathological examination results are shown in Table 10.
[0069]
[Table 8]
Figure 0004267384
[0070]
[Table 9]
Figure 0004267384
[0071]
[Table 10]
Figure 0004267384
[0072]
In all groups, no change in general condition was observed during the study period. Moreover, as shown in Table 8, good weight gain was observed in all groups. On the other hand, as shown in Table 10, no abnormal findings were observed macroscopically in all groups. Therefore, it was found that none of the strains showed acute toxicity regardless of whether it was live or dead.
[0073]
As described above, according to the garbage processing method of the present invention, it can be said that the garbage can be processed safely and with high processing efficiency without being influenced by the composition of the garbage and without causing bad odor. Has an effect.
[0074]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the present invention provides a highly versatile safe garbage treatment agent, a garbage disposal method, and a garbage disposal apparatus that has high garbage disposal efficiency regardless of composition and does not cause malodor. There is an effect that can be.

Claims (7)

バチルス・リケニフォミス BY-1株 FERM P-19401 、バチルス・リケニフォミス BY-2株 FERM P-19402 、バチルス・ファマス BY-3株 FERM P-19403 、バチルス sp. BY-4株 FERM P-19404 、バチルス・ズブチルス BY-5株 FERM P-19405 、バチルス・リケニフォミス BY-6株 FERM P-19406 、バチルス・ズブチルス BY-7株 FERM P-19407 、バチルス・ズブチルス BY-8株 FERM P-19408 、バチルス sp. BY-9株 FERM P-19409 、又はバチルス sp. BY-10 株 FERM P-19410 より選ばれた菌沫分解能を有する非病原性の新規バチルス属菌株。Bacillus lichenifomis BY-1 strain ( FERM P-19401 ) , Bacillus lichenifomis BY-2 strain ( FERM P-19402 ) , Bacillus famus BY-3 strain ( FERM P-19403 ) , Bacillus sp. BY-4 strain ( FERM P-19404 ) , Bacillus subtilis BY-5 strain ( FERM P-19405 ) , Bacillus lichenifomis BY-6 strain ( FERM P-19406 ) , Bacillus subtilis BY-7 strain ( FERM P-19407 ) , Bacillus subtilis Non-bacterial sputum resolution selected from Subtilis BY-8 strain ( FERM P-19408 ) , Bacillus sp. BY-9 strain ( FERM P-19409 ) or Bacillus sp. BY-10 strain ( FERM P-19410 ) A new pathogenic Bacillus strain. 非病原性の新規バチルス属菌であるバチルス・リケニフォミス BY-1株 FERM P-19401 、バチルス・リケニフォミス BY-2株 FERM P-19402 、バチルス・ファマス BY-3株 FERM P-19403 、バチルス sp. BY-4株 FERM P-19404 、バチルス・ズブチルス BY-5株 FERM P-19405 、バチルス・リケニフォミス BY-6株 FERM P-19406 、バチルス・ズブチルス BY-7株 FERM P-19407 、バチルス・ズブチルス BY-8株 FERM P-19408 、バチルス sp. BY-9株 FERM P-19409 、又はバチルス sp. BY-10 株 FERM P-19410 より選ばれる1種または2種以上の菌株を有効成分として含むことを特徴とする生ゴミ処理剤。Bacillus lichenifomis BY-1 strain ( FERM P-19401 ) , Bacillus lichenifomis BY-2 strain ( FERM P-19402 ) , Bacillus famus BY-3 strain ( FERM P-19403 ) which are new non-pathogenic Bacillus species ) , Bacillus sp. BY-4 strain ( FERM P-19404 ) , Bacillus subtilis BY-5 strain ( FERM P-19405 ) , Bacillus lichenifomis BY-6 strain ( FERM P-19406 ) , Bacillus subtilis BY-7 Strain ( FERM P-19407 ) , Bacillus subtilis BY-8 strain ( FERM P-19408 ) , Bacillus sp. BY-9 strain ( FERM P-19409 ) , or Bacillus sp. BY-10 strain ( FERM P-19410 ) A garbage treatment agent comprising one or more strains selected from the above as an active ingredient. 蛋白質分解能、澱粉分解能、菌沫分解能、脂質分解能、食物繊維分解能の何れか1つ以上の能力を有する前記菌株を1種以上含んだことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の生ゴミ処理剤。  The garbage treatment agent according to claim 2, comprising at least one of the strains having one or more of protein, starch, bacteria, lipid, and dietary fiber. 蛋白質分解能を有する菌株として、バチルス sp. BY-4株 FERM P-19404 、バチルス・ズブチルス BY-5株 FERM P-19405 、バチルス・ズブチルス BY-7株 FERM P-19407 、バチルス・ズブチルス BY-8株 FERM P-19408 より選ばれる1種以上の菌株と、
澱粉分解能を有する菌株として、バチルス・ファマス BY-3株 FERM P-19403 )、バチルス・リケニフォミス BY-6株 FERM P-19406 、バチルス・ズブチルス BY-7株 FERM P-19407 、バチルス・ズブチルス BY-8株 FERM P-19408 より選ばれる1種以上の菌株と、
菌沫分解能を有する菌株として、バチルス・リケニフォミス BY-1株 FERM P-19401 、バチルス・リケニフォミス BY-2株 FERM P-19402 、バチルス・ファマス BY-3株 FERM P-19403 、バチルス sp. BY-4株 FERM P-19404 、バチルス・ズブチルス BY-5株 FERM P-19405 、バチルス・リケニフォミス BY-6株 FERM P-19406 、バチルス・ズブチルス BY-7株 FERM P-19407 、バチルス・ズブチルス BY-8株 FERM P-19408 、バチルス sp. BY-9株 FERM P-19409 )、バチルス sp. BY-10 株 FERM P-19410 より選ばれる1種以上の菌株と、
脂質分解能を有する菌株として、バチルス sp BY-10株 FERM P-19410 と、
食物繊維分解能を有する菌株として、バチルス sp BY-9株 FERM P-19409 との何れか1種以上の菌株を含んだことを特徴とする請求項2又は3に記載の生ゴミ処理剤。
As strains having protein resolution, Bacillus sp. BY-4 strain ( FERM P-19404 ) , Bacillus subtilis BY-5 strain ( FERM P-19405 ) , Bacillus subtilis BY-7 strain ( FERM P-19407 ) , Bacillus・ One or more strains selected from Subtilis BY-8 strain ( FERM P-19408 ) ,
As strains having starch degradability, Bacillus famas BY-3 strain ( FERM P-19403 ), Bacillus lichenifomis BY-6 strain ( FERM P-19406 ) , Bacillus subtilis BY-7 strain ( FERM P-19407 ) , Bacillus・ One or more strains selected from Subtilis BY-8 strain ( FERM P-19408 ) ,
As strains having fungus droplet resolution, Bacillus lichenifomis BY-1 strain ( FERM P-19401 ) , Bacillus lichenifomis BY-2 strain ( FERM P-19402 ) , Bacillus famus BY-3 strain ( FERM P-19403 ) , Bacillus sp. BY-4 strain ( FERM P-19404 ) , Bacillus subtilis BY-5 strain ( FERM P-19405 ) , Bacillus lichenifomis BY-6 strain ( FERM P-19406 ) , Bacillus subtilis BY-7 strain ( FERM P-19407 ) , Bacillus subtilis BY-8 strain ( FERM P-19408 ) , Bacillus sp. BY-9 strain ( FERM P-19409 ), Bacillus sp. BY-10 strain ( FERM P-19410 ) One or more strains;
As a strain having lipid resolution, Bacillus sp BY-10 strain ( FERM P-19410 ) ,
4. The food waste treatment agent according to claim 2 or 3, comprising at least one strain of Bacillus sp BY-9 strain ( FERM P-19409 ) as a strain having a dietary fiber resolution.
有効成分となる前記新規バチルス属菌株と、該菌株を保持する着床材とを含んだことを特徴とする請求項2〜4の何れか1項に記載の生ゴミ処理剤。  The garbage treatment agent according to any one of claims 2 to 4, comprising the novel strain of the genus Bacillus as an active ingredient and a flooring material that holds the strain. 請求項2〜5の何れか1項に記載の生ゴミ処理剤を生ゴミと共に処理槽内で50℃〜90℃の温度で処理することを特徴とする生ゴミ処理法。  A garbage disposal method, comprising treating the garbage treatment agent according to any one of claims 2 to 5 together with garbage at a temperature of 50C to 90C in a treatment tank. 請求項2〜5の何れか1項に記載の生ゴミ処理剤と生ゴミとを収容する処理槽と、
前記処理槽内を好気状態に保つ生ゴミ処理剤と生ゴミとを攪拌混合する攪拌手段と、
前記処理槽内温度を50℃〜90℃にコントロールする温度管理手段とを備えたことを特徴とする生ゴミの処理装置。
A treatment tank containing the garbage treatment agent according to any one of claims 2 to 5 and the garbage,
Agitation means for agitating and mixing the garbage treatment agent and garbage for keeping the inside of the treatment tank in an aerobic state;
A garbage processing apparatus comprising temperature management means for controlling the temperature in the processing tank to 50 to 90 ° C.
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