JPH07303421A - Method for culturing mushrooms in container - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a method for culturing a mushroom in a container, capable of using conventional installations as such without requiring a large sum of installation investment, and capable of harvesting the mushroom having a good quality in a high yield in a short period. CONSTITUTION:In the method for culturing the mushroom in the containers with an artificial culture medium, the water content of the culture medium is controlled to >=65%, and the lids of the culture containers are removed before the inoculated hyphae are spread over the all parts of the culture medium. The culture medium is turned over for each culture container to subject the mushroom to an inverted opened culture, and a humidification treatment or the periodical spraying of water on the culture medium is performed so that the humidity of the environment is >=80%.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for artificially cultivating mushrooms. More specifically, the water content of the culture medium is adjusted to a high value, and an inverted open culture is performed before the inoculated inoculum spreads throughout the culture medium. The present invention relates to a method for artificially cultivating mushrooms, which is improved so that high-quality mushrooms can be harvested in high yield in a short period of time by culturing under the condition that the environmental humidity is 80% or more.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, in container cultivation of mushrooms using an artificial culture medium, in order to prevent contamination of harmful bacteria and drying of the culture medium, a state in which the culture container is covered until the development process is started. Cultivation is completed under the condition that the environmental humidity is lowered to 75% or less. Further, the water content at the time of adjusting the culture medium is limited to 65% or less because the lower water content of the culture medium increases with the aging of the culture.

[0003]

However, in the above-mentioned method, although the concentration of harmful bacteria is small, the concentration of carbon dioxide gas in the culture vessel is always high at 10000 ppm or more, and the release of carbon dioxide gas from the culture vessel is smooth. However, there is a disadvantage in that it takes a long time for culturing and aging, since the aeration is not performed sufficiently.

Further, since the water content at the time of adjusting the culture medium is as low as 65% or less, the water on the surface of the culture medium gradually diverges or migrates to the lower part with the aging of the culture, and by the time of the generation operation, the bacterial bed It also has a drawback that the water content on the surface is lowered and the formation of the primordia is not performed well.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 61-231920 proposes a method of placing a culture medium on a perforated plate and culturing while forcibly supplying high-humidity air into the culture medium through the perforated plate. . However, in such a method, since the culture medium is cultured in a completely open state, the culture after sterilization must be operated completely aseptically, and there is a drawback that a large investment in equipment is required. Moreover, there is also a drawback in that once it is contaminated, the damage will be great.

Further, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1-228414 discloses a cultivation method in which the carbon dioxide concentration in a cultivation bottle is controlled so as not to exceed 15% by inhaling the air in the cultivation chamber to lower the room pressure. Proposed. However,
In such a method, in order to reduce the concentration of carbon dioxide gas in the cultivation bottle to 15% or less, a large amount of ventilation must be performed, the energy cost in culture becomes high, and moreover, depending on the kind of mushroom, It has a drawback that the carbon dioxide concentration does not decrease efficiently.

The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object thereof is to use a conventional facility as it is without requiring a large amount of capital investment, and to obtain a high-quality mushroom with a high yield in a short period of time. To provide a container cultivation method for mushrooms capable of harvesting.

[0008]

Means for Solving the Problems The inventors of the present invention have conducted extensive studies to achieve the above-mentioned object, and as a result, in the cultivation of mushrooms, the cause of delaying the spread and ripening of mycelia is caused by the carbonation from the culture vessel. It was found that the cause was insufficient gas release. As a result of further studies, the lid of the culture vessel was released in the state of incomplete culture in order to release carbon dioxide more smoothly, and moreover, water was released near the inoculum of the culture medium by inverted open culture. It was found that the above object can be easily achieved by concentrating and keeping the environmental humidity at 80% or more.

The present invention has been completed on the basis of the above findings, and its gist is to adjust the water content of the culture medium to 65% or more and to inoculate the mycelium in container cultivation of mushrooms using an artificial culture medium. Before it spreads throughout the culture,
Mushrooms characterized by releasing the lid of the culture container, inverting the top and bottom of the culture medium together with the culture container to make an inverted open culture, and performing culture while performing humidification or regular watering so that the environmental humidity is 80% or more. It exists in the container cultivation method of.

The present invention will be described in detail below. In the present invention, the culture medium is usually formed by adding water to sawdust and grain cereals to adjust the water content to 65% or more, preferably 68 to 70%. And, as the culture container, a plastic cultivation bottle is usually used. In order to improve the spread of mycelia, it is preferable to provide an inoculation hole having a diameter of 10 to 20 mm and reaching the bottom, in the center of the culture medium filled in the culture vessel.

The culture medium filled in the culture container is sterilized after the culture container is covered by a conventional method. Sterilization is usually performed using a high-pressure sterilizer. Then, after the temperature in the culture medium reached about 120 ° C, the temperature was raised to 1
Complete sterilization can be performed by maintaining the time. The culture medium after sterilization is aseptically cooled.
The culture medium cooled to 20 ° C. or less is aseptically inoculated in the inoculation room and provided for culture.

In the present invention, before the hyphae infest the whole culture medium, preferably, with the hyphae infested to about 60% of the upper part of the culture medium, the lid of the culture vessel is opened and the upper and lower sides of the culture medium are closed. Invert and cultivate inverted culture. As a result, water can be concentrated near the seed inoculation section. Then, after the culture is made into an open container, in order to prevent the culture medium from drying, the culture is performed while humidifying or performing regular watering so that the environmental humidity becomes 80% or more.

In the inverted open culture, carbon dioxide gas generated from the culture medium is released very smoothly. And
Despite the fact that the water content of the culture medium is adjusted to 65% or higher, which is higher than usual, there is no possibility that mycelium spread will be delayed due to water staying at the bottom of the culture container due to the inverted culture. The spread of mycelium is completed in a short period of time. The carbon dioxide concentration in the culture control is preferably 3000 ppm or less, and the culture humidity is preferably in the range of 80 to 95%.

The cultivated fungus bed is subjected to a predetermined aging control depending on the type of mushroom in the general state. For example, the aging period is about 40 days for shiitake mushrooms and about 10 days for nameko mushrooms. After that, by performing a predetermined generation treatment, primordia formation is satisfactorily performed in the upper part of the fungal bed and harvested. According to the present invention, more mushrooms can be harvested than in the conventional method. At the end of ripening, the water content of the culture medium in the vicinity of the inoculum inoculum is lower in the conventional method than in the culture medium adjustment, but in the present invention,
Due to the concentration of water in the mouth of the culture vessel, it is 3 to 5% higher than when the culture medium was adjusted.

[0015]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples below, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples as long as the gist thereof is not exceeded.

Example 1 After 10% by weight of bran was added to the beech tree, the culture medium was prepared by adjusting the water content to about 70% by weight. The culture container is 1500 cc consisting of a container body and a removable inner lid and cap.
The propylene cultivation bottle of was used. A culture container was filled with a net amount of 1000 g of culture medium, and the diameter of the culture medium was 15 mm at the center.
One inoculation hole of about mm was provided, and after capping, autoclaving was performed for 60 minutes under the condition of the culture medium temperature of 120 ° C.

After cooling the temperature of the culture medium to 15 ° C. or lower,
Inoculated with shiitake inoculum (Tohoku S24), temperature 20 ℃,
Culturing was performed under the conditions of a humidity of 70 to 75% and a carbon dioxide concentration of 2500 ppm or less. After the start of the culture, on the 22nd day when the amount of carbon dioxide gas released from the culture container reached about 50 cc / hr, the inner lid of the culture container was released and turned upside down, and the culture management was switched to the inverted open state. . The environmental humidity in the container inverted open culture was maintained at 70 to 95% by performing water sprinkling once every 8 hours for 15 minutes.

The fungal bed after the hyphae infestation was subjected to aging control for 40 days under the same control conditions as above. As the aging management progressed, the bacterial bed gradually browned and shrank, and naturally dropped from the culture container due to its own weight. As a result, the bacterial bed could be taken out of the culture container in an intact state. The bacterial bed taken out from the culture vessel was further aged by continuing the same aging management as above. The interior of the culture room should be kept as dark as possible, and the interior of the room during aging should be
In order to promote browning of the fungal bed, it was controlled at 300 to 500 Lux.

The matured bacterial bed produced as described above is used for 15 to 1
After soaking in 8 ° C water for 5 hours, fruit bodies were harvested under the temperature condition of 12-18 ° C. The number of days mycelium spread is 27.3
Days (standard deviation value 2.0), total number of culture days 67.3 days (5.6), yield per bacterial bed 382.5 g (3
0.6), and the malformation rate was 20.8% (3.6).

Comparative Example 1 In Example 1, the water content of the culture medium was set to 61%, the culture vessel was not subjected to the inverted open culture, but the normal upright lid culture was performed, and the culture and aging were carried out in the culture vessel to obtain the humidity. Management 70
Cultivation of shiitake mushrooms was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the humidification control was changed to about%. The aging management period was 60 days, and the bacterial bed that had been matured as it was in the culture container was artificially taken out from the culture container and used for development. As a result, the number of hyphae spreading days was 38.6 days (standard deviation 4.2), the total number of days of culture was 98.6 days (10.3), and the yield per bacterial bed was 298.3 g (31.8). The malformation rate was 65.2% (7.1).

As is clear from the results of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 described above, the number of days of cultivation can be increased by performing the culture control according to the present invention, that is, by performing the inverted open culture which is not adopted in the ordinary culture. Shortened and yet
It is possible to harvest high quality and high quality shiitake mushrooms.

Example 2 A commercially available 800 cc wide-mouth cultivation bottle (caliber 72 mm) was filled with 500 g of net weight of the culture medium prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, sterilized and allowed to cool, and inoculated with Nameko inoculum (Tohoku N118). Culture and aging were controlled in the same manner as in Example 1. However, when the cap was released, the amount of carbon dioxide gas released from the culture container was about 40 cc / hr.
On the day, the ambient temperature in the inverted open culture was changed to 80 to 90% humidification control by using a humidifier, and the culture was performed, and the aging control was performed for 10 days.

After the maturing, the fungus bed was scratched on its surface, and after water injection treatment, fruit bodies were harvested under the condition of a generation temperature of 14 ° C. As a result, the number of hyphae spreading days was 20.8 days (standard deviation 2.3), and the total number of culture days was 40.8 days (4.
2), the number of days for forming the primordia was 10.8 days (2.2), and the yield per bacterial bed was 232.4 g (20.8) in terms of weight with a handle.

Comparative Example 2 In Example 2, the water content of the culture medium was set to 63%, the culture vessel was subjected to a normal erecting lid culture without performing the inverted open culture, and the maturation control days were 40 days and the control humidity was 70. Cultivation of nameko was performed in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the humidification control was changed to about%. As a result, the number of days mycelium spread is 2
6.9 days (standard deviation value 3.1), total number of culture days is 66.9
Day (8.9), the number of days to form the primordia is 12.6 days (3.8),
The yield per bacterial bed is 199.2 g (2
It was 1.2).

As is clear from the results of Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 described above, by carrying out the culture control according to the present invention, the cultivation days of the nameko fungi were shortened as in the case of the shiitake fungi, and the yield was improved. Can be raised.

[0026]

According to the present invention described above, the water content of the culture medium is adjusted to 65% or more, the lid of the culture vessel is released before the inoculated hyphae spread to the entire culture medium, and the culture vessel is moved up and down. By inverting and performing inverted open culture,
The number of days for culturing and aging can be shortened, and moreover, by concentrating water near the seed inoculation area to improve the formation of the primordium at the time of development, the cultivation cycle can be accelerated and high-quality mushrooms can be obtained in high yield. You can harvest.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. In container cultivation of mushrooms using an artificial culture medium, the water content of the culture medium is adjusted to 65% or more, and the lid of the culture medium is released before the inoculated mycelium spreads over the whole culture medium, A container cultivation method for mushrooms, which comprises inverting the upper and lower sides of the culture medium together with the culture container to form an inverted open culture, and culturing while performing humidification or regular watering so that the environmental humidity is 80% or more.