JPH07251297A - Compactor and waste compressing method - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a compactor and a waste compressing method without needing a working to open a stopper of a PET bottle or to drill a spray can by installing a piercing mechanism going in and out a needle to pierce the waste. CONSTITUTION:In a compactor which reduces the volume of a waste inside a compression room with a compressing plate, a piercing mechanism that needles 31 to pierce the waste go in and out from the compressing plate 32 is installed. The compressing plate 32 pre-compresses the waste, next this piercing mechanism is acted, after piercing the pre-compressed waste, brought from the compressing plate 32, and the pre-compressed waste is really compressed. Further, a waste receiving room having an opening and closing gate to discharge the waste is installed on the upper side of this compression room, the waste is easily made to be thrown into the compression room with the operation to open and close the gate. Therefore, because the residual air or gas of the waste can be vented, the volume of the waste can be reduced, the danger of the explosion can be also prevented and the working efficiency can be improved.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a compactor for compressing and reducing the volume of waste such as synthetic resin containers for storing beverages such as juice and water, empty cans and various spray cans, and a method for compressing the waste.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a container for storing beverages,
In addition to paper packs, glass bottles have been used, but in recent years,
With the increase in size of containers, containers made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which have the advantage of being lightweight, so-called PET bottles have become the mainstream. Unlike glass containers, PET bottles are currently discarded as they are because they are not washed and reused after collection. Discarded PET bottles are separately collected from other wastes, and a certain amount of them are collectively compressed and then incinerated or discarded. On the other hand, spray cans used as containers for paints, lubricants, deodorants, insecticides, hair styling products, etc. are also discarded after being compressed, or melted and used again for the production of cans and other metal products. It's being used. A compression volume reducer, a so-called compactor, is used for the compression treatment of such PET bottles and spray cans. As shown in FIGS. 15 and 16, the compactor has a compression plate (42) attached to the lower end of an expansion / contraction frame (41) that expands and contracts by the rotation of a screw feed mechanism (39) driven by a motor (40). It is known that the waste in (43) is compressed (Japanese Utility Model Publication 58-111196, Japanese Utility Model Publication 55-336).
77, JP-A-55-26134). Further, it is known that a hydraulic cylinder or an air cylinder is fixed above a compression chamber and a waste is compressed by a compression plate attached to the tip of a piston.

[0003]

When the plastic bottle is capped, it is difficult for air to escape even when compressed, which causes the compressed waste to become bulky. On the other hand, spray cans are
There is a danger of explosion if the residual gas is compressed. In order to eliminate these drawbacks, it is conceivable to open the plastic bottle stopper manually or to open a hole in the spray can, but in view of the fact that a large amount of waste must be treated in a short time, Not practical.

Further, the conventional compactor has a structure in which the waste is manually put into the compression chamber every time the compression process is performed, and thus the work efficiency is poor.

Further, since the conventional compactor repeats the compression processing of waste in a single compression chamber, it has a limited processing capacity.

Therefore, the object of the present invention is to eliminate the work of opening the stopper of the PET bottle and the hole of the spray can, and further to improve the working efficiency and the processing capacity. Is to provide a compression method of.

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is intended to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems by organically connecting a scissor link and a piston cylinder and canceling out their defects. That is, the configuration is that the piercing member for piercing the waste is provided on the upper part of the compression plate so that the piercing member is retracted from the compression plate by a predetermined driving means.

[0008] Further, the waste accommodating chamber provided with an opening / closing gate for discharging the waste is provided above the compression chamber.

Further, there are provided a plurality of the compression chambers, the waste storage chambers corresponding to the respective compression chambers, and a compression unit having the compression plate and the piercing mechanism, and the compression units are provided above the compression chambers. Is to be able to move.

The waste compression method that can solve the above-mentioned various problems is that the compression plate pre-compresses the waste, the piercing mechanism operates, and the piercing member pre-compresses. The squeezed waste is pierced and then retracted from the compression plate, and the compression plate main-compresses the pre-compressed waste.

[0011]

The compressed waste is driven by driving the piercing mechanism provided on the upper part of the compression plate to project the piercing member from the compression plate and pierce the waste to remove residual air and gas in the waste. The bulk of the material can be reduced. Further, if the piercing member is driven to be retracted from the compression plate by driving the piercing mechanism, it is possible to remove the waste stuck in the piercing member by the compression plate.

Further, if a waste storage chamber having an opening / closing gate for discharging the waste is provided above the compression chamber, the waste can be easily put into the compression chamber at any time by opening / closing the gate. As a result, work efficiency is improved.

Further, a plurality of compression chambers and a waste storage chamber corresponding to each compression chamber are provided, and a compression unit having the compression plate and the piercing mechanism is movably provided on each compression chamber. For example, while the compression processing is being performed in one compression chamber, the waste can be put into the other compression chamber to prepare for compression, so that the work efficiency and the processing capacity can be improved.

Furthermore, since the compression plate pre-compresses the waste and the piercing mechanism operates and the piercing member pierces the pre-compressed waste, residual air or gas in the waste is It is possible to further reduce the volume of the compressed material by removing the compressed material and then performing the main compression.

[0015]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The structure of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an external perspective view of the compactor of the present invention,
2 is a front view, FIG. 3 is a right side view, and FIG. 4 is a rear view.
The compactor (1) is provided with a hydraulically driven compression unit (2) on the compression chambers (34), (34) arranged side by side, and a hopper (12), ( 12) are provided respectively. The compression unit (2) is, as shown in FIG. 5, a rail (17) having a U-shaped cross section provided on both compression chambers.
It is movably installed by accommodating a roller (17a) therein. Each hopper (12) is provided with a gate (13) for discharging the PET bottle into the compression chamber,
Each gate is opened through a control cable (14) as shown in FIG. 6 when a pedal (15) (shown in FIG. 2) provided at the lower center of the front of the compactor is stepped on. Each compression chamber (34) is provided with a door (9) which is opened and closed by an opening and closing lever (10) so that a compressed PET bottle can be taken out. (3) is the cover of the compression unit (2), (4) is the emergency stop switch, (5) is the compression switch, (6) is the packing switch, and (7) is the compression unit.
A cable holding member that holds a hydraulic cable or the like that connects (2) and the hydraulic unit (19) shown in FIG. 3, and is flexibly bent according to the movement of the compression unit (2), and (8) is a compression unit.
The (2) is a moving lever that is used as a handle when the rail is fixed to the rail (17), and (20) is a control panel. (11), ..., (11) on the door of Fig. 2 and the back of the compression chamber of Fig. 4
Is a slit formed for passing a string for packing the compressed waste from the door to the back side through the compression chamber.

Next, the structure of the compression unit (2) will be described.
8 to 12 are explanatory views of the inside of the compression unit (2).
As shown in Fig. 9, in the casing (2a) of the compression unit (2), a pair of opposing elastic bodies (24), (24) are rotatably supported by rollers (27) at their upper ends. , (27) are accommodated in a rail (2b) having a U-shaped cross section formed on the upper surface of the casing (2a), so that they are supported above the compression chamber (34) at a predetermined height. Each elastic body (24) is a plate-like link member (25a)
A scissor link (25) that is rotatably combined in an X-shape at its intersection, and the tip ends of the scissor links (25) are connected in two upper and lower stages
It is configured by rotatably supporting by. The upper ends of the opposing elastic rollers (27) are rotatably supported by connecting shafts (26). A compression cylinder (21) accommodating a piston rod (23) that expands and contracts in the compression direction is disposed in the cylinder part (22) between the expandable bodies (24) facing each other. Cylinder part (22)
Is fixed to the mounting frame (26a), and the mounting frame (26a) is pivotally supported by the shaft (25c) at the intersection (25b) of the upper scissor links. Also, the tip of the piston rod (23) should be
It is fixed to b), and the mounting frame (26b) is pivotally supported by the shaft (25e) at the intersection (25d) of each scissor link below.

A box-shaped compression part (28) having a compression plate (32) on the bottom surface for compressing a PET bottle at the lower end of each elastic body (24).
However, as shown in FIG. 12, the roller (27) at the lower end of each elastic body has a U-shaped cross section formed at the upper edge of the compression part (28).
It is mounted by being housed in (28a). A perforated plate (30) having a plurality of needles (31) vertically suspended in a grid pattern is provided in the compression section (28) so as to be vertically movable. Perforated plate
The (30) can be moved up and down by expanding and contracting the piston rods (33b) of the two punching cylinders (33) provided on the upper surface of the compression section (28). Each needle (31) is adapted to be projected from and retracted from the bottom surface of the compression plate (32) through a hole (32a) formed in the compression plate (32). As shown in the plan view of FIG. 11, since the punching cylinder (33) is provided diagonally to the compression section (28), the punching plate (when punching the PET bottle with the needle (31) ( 30) Two guide parts to equalize the force applied to
(29) is provided on another diagonal line. As shown in FIG. 12, the guide rod (29a) that constitutes the guide portion (29) is provided on the compression plate (32), the punching plate (30) and the upper surface (28) of the compression portion (28).
The guide rod (29a) is inserted into the pipe (29b) that is vertically installed through the hole (b) and is vertically installed on the hole plate (30). Accordingly, the pipe (29b) moves up and down along the guide rod (29a).

FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram of a hydraulic circuit used in this compactor. Reference numeral (36) denotes a hydraulic pump, which includes a motor (36a), a pump unit (36b) driven by the motor (36a), and a pump unit (36c) for fast feed. Each pump is connected to the compression cylinder (21) via the oil passages (Y1) and (Y2) via the solenoid valve (37), and to the oil passages (Y3) and (Y4) via the solenoid valve (38). Via each of the perforating cylinders (33). (LS1) is a limit switch that detects the raised position of the cylinder (22), (LS2) is a limit switch that detects the lowered position, and (LS3) is the pipe of the guide (29).
Limit switch to detect the upper limit position of (29b), (LS4)
Is a limit switch for detecting the lower limit position of the pipe (29b), (LS5) and (LS6) is a limit switch for detecting the opening and closing of the door (9), and (LS7) is a limit switch for detecting the lowering position of the compression section (28). A switch, (PS1) is a pressure switch that detects the oil pressure in the compression cylinder (21) to detect the end of pre-compression, and (PS2) is a pressure switch that detects the oil pressure in the compression cylinder (21) and the end of main compression. The pressure switches for detecting are respectively shown.

Next, the operation of this compactor will be described with reference to the hydraulic circuit of FIG. 13 and the flow chart of FIG. It is assumed that the compression unit is located above the compression chamber on the left side of the drawings as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and the respective expansion and contraction bodies in the compression unit are in a contracted state as shown in FIG. First, the packing string is passed through each slit (11) of the door (9) through the compression chamber and into the slit (11) on the back surface. Turning the start switch (20a) of the control panel (20) shown in FIG. 4 to the start position activates the hydraulic circuit (step 1 (S1)), and depressing the left pedal (15) (S2) causes Gate of hopper (12)
(13) opens via control cable (14) (S
3), the plastic bottle in the hopper falls into the compression chamber (34) (S4). At this time, if the PET bottle does not stick to the gate or slip off from the slope of the hopper (12a in FIG. 6), stepping on the fall defect release pedal (16) shown in FIG. The push-up rod (18a) of the fall defect release mechanism (18) rotates around the fulcrum (18b) in the direction of the slope (12a), and the tip of the push-up rod (18a) protrudes from the hole formed in the slope. Push up the plastic bottle on the top to release the fall defect. After confirming that the PET bottle has reached a certain amount, press the compression switch (5) (S5), the hydraulic pump (36) will operate, and the solenoid valve (37) of the hydraulic circuit will open and operate. Oil is delivered to the compression cylinder (21) via the oil passage (Y1), and the piston rod (23) of the compression cylinder (21) starts extension.

At this time, the lower scissor links (25), (25)
Is rotatably supported by the tip end portion of the piston rod (23) via the mounting frame (26b), so that the piston rod (23) is pushed down toward the compression chamber. On the other hand, the cylinder part
(22) is pushed up by the reaction of the extension force of the piston rod (23), but the upper scissor link (25), (25)
Is rotatably supported by the cylinder part (22) through the mounting frame (26a), and thus is pushed up by the rise of the cylinder part (22). In this way, the lower scissor link is pushed down by the extension of the piston rod, and the upper scissor link is pushed up by the rise of the cylinder part, so that the entire expandable body is extended and the compression part (28) is lowered. At this time, the rollers (27), (27) attached to the upper ends of the elastic bodies (24) move while rotating toward the rail center in the rail (2b) formed on the upper part of the casing (2a). However, the rollers (27) and (27) attached to the lower ends of the elastic bodies (24) move while rotating toward the rail center in the rail (28a) formed at the upper part of the compression section (28). To do. In this way, the compression part (28) attached to the lower end of each scissor link descends inside the compression chamber (34) along its inner wall (34a), and the compression plate (32) pre-compresses the PET bottle. (S6).

The pressure force of this pre-compression is detected as a change in hydraulic pressure by the pressure switch (PS1) connected to the oil passage (Y1), and when the pressure value preset in the sequencer is reached, the solenoid valve (38) Is opened, and the hydraulic oil
It is delivered to the perforating cylinders (33), (33) via 3), and each piston rod (33b) is extended. As a result, the punching plate (30) descends, and the needles (31), ..., (31) suspended on the back surface of the punching plate are punched in the compression plate (32) (32
a), ..., (32a) penetrates and protrudes from the compression surface of the compression plate (S7), and the pre-compressed PET bottle is pierced (S).
8). This allows the residual air in the plastic bottle to be removed. Then, when the lower limit position of the pipe (29b) is detected by the limit switch (LS4), the descent is stopped, the descent is started, and the needle (31) is retracted into the compression plate (S9). At this time, the compressed product stuck in the needle falls in a form in which the needle is pulled out by the compression plate. Next, the hole punching cylinder (33) stops operation when the upper end of the pipe (29b) of the guide part (29) is detected by the limit switch (LS3) and the needle stops.
(31) returns to the original position. When the punching cylinder (33) is activated, the timer is activated, and if the limit switch (LS4) does not turn on after a certain period of time, the punching cylinder (33) contracts and the piston rod (33b) Since it returns to its original position, even if the needle hits hard waste, the needle will not bend or break, and work will not be stagnant.

Then, the compression cylinder (21) is operated again, the piston rod (23) is further extended, and the compression plate (32) performs the main compression of the pre-compressed PET bottle. This main compression force is used as the hydraulic pressure of the compression cylinder (21) by the pressure switch (PS
2), the compression is stopped when the preset pressure value is reached, the piston rod (23) contracts, the cylinder part (22) moves upward, and both expansion and contraction bodies (2
4) shrinks. Then, when the limit switch (LS1) for detecting the upper limit position of the cylinder portion detects the cylinder portion, the operation of the compression cylinder is stopped. The pump part (36c) for rapid feed operates at the same time as the pump part (36b) in order to quickly reach the upper end of the waste, but pre-compression or main compression is started and its addition When the pressure exceeds the set value, the relief valve closes and the working oil is returned to the tank.
b). It is also possible to simultaneously operate the compression cylinder and the punching cylinder to simultaneously perform precompression and piercing.

Next, the moving lever (8) is pulled up toward the front to unlock it, and the moving lever (8) is grasped to grasp the compression unit (2).
Is moved onto the compression chamber (34) on the right side of the drawing. Then, depress the pedal (15) on the right side to open the gate (13) of the hopper (12) on the right side, drop the plastic bottle into the compression chamber (34) on the right side, and press the compression switch (5) to perform the same compression as above. Do the process.
In this way, the compression process in the left and right compression chambers is regarded as one cycle, and is repeated for several cycles, for example, 4 to 5 cycles. Then, when the compressed PET bottles are accumulated, the lowest point position of the compression plate (32) at the time of compression becomes high, and the limit switch (LS2) is not turned on. When compression is performed in this state and the pressing force of the compression cylinder reaches a predetermined set value, this is detected by the sequencer, a predetermined buzzer sounds and the operator is notified of the packed state, and the compression cylinder (21 ) Rises and enters the packing standby state. Next, move the compression unit (2) once onto the compression chamber (34) on the opposite side, pass the packing string through the slit (11) on the door (9) through the slit (11) on the back side of the compression chamber, and compress again. Put the unit (2) back on the compression chamber. And packing switch
When you press (6), the compression cylinder (21) moves down and the compression plate
(32) does the main compression again and stops. Next, in the main compression state, the string passed through the slit first and the string passed after compression are knotted and packed, and the packing switch (6) is pressed to raise the compression cylinder (21), and the other Opening lever (10) after packing through the same packing process in the compression chamber
Open each door (9) by operating, and carry out the packed compressed product with a cart. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 7, since a plurality of return preventing claws (9c) are attached to the inner wall surface of each compression chamber (34), the compressed product (35a) is not removed after the compression plate is raised. Even if an attempt is made to restore the original volume, it is locked by the detent pawl to prevent expansion. Also, the return prevention claw (9c) is pressed down by the compression plate during compression,
It is housed in the cover (9a) with the mounting shaft (9d) as a fulcrum, and when the compression plate rises, it is returned to its original position by the spring (9b).

Thus, according to this compactor,
Pre-compression is performed before main compression and the needle is pierced into the PET bottle to remove residual air, so manual work to open the stopper before compression is unnecessary and the volume of the compressed product can be further reduced. it can. Moreover, since the compression cylinder attached to the expandable body expands and contracts the expandable body, it can be compressed with a constant pressing force from the beginning to the end of the expanding and contracting stroke, and the lower end of each expandable body to which the pressing force acts. The roller is always located symmetrically with respect to the extending direction of the piston rod, and the pressing force is evenly applied to the entire compression plate, so that the compression surface can be uniformly compressed. In addition, the compression cylinder is installed between both expandable bodies,
The compactor can be designed to have a low overall height because it moves up and down as the stretchable body expands and contracts. Further, since the compression chambers are arranged side by side and the compression unit can move on each compression chamber, the processing capacity is larger than that of a single compression chamber. Furthermore, since the stroke length and the storage width at the time of contraction can be easily changed only by changing the length of the link member of the scissor link, the size of the compression chamber can be easily changed.

In the above embodiment, the case of compressing a PET bottle has been described, but it can also be used for compressing other wastes such as spray cans that need to be perforated before compression. Of course, you can When compressing waste that does not require perforation,
It is also possible to stop the operation of the piercing cylinder and perform only compression by the compression plate without the needle protruding from the compression plate. Further, each cylinder can be driven by air instead of hydraulically. Furthermore, the number of compression chambers and hoppers can be three or more, or the compression unit can be driven by a motor.

[0026]

According to the present invention, since the residual air and gas of the waste can be discharged by the piercing mechanism, the volume of the waste to be compressed can be reduced as compared with the conventional case.
There is no danger of explosion of spray cans. Moreover, by providing a hopper with an opening / closing gate on the compression chamber,
The waste can be easily put into the compression chamber at any time. Further, by providing a plurality of compression chambers and the waste storage chamber corresponding to each compression chamber, and disposing the compression unit movably on each compression chamber, it is possible to improve the processing capacity.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an external perspective view of a compactor according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a front explanatory view of the compactor according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a right side view of the compactor according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a back surface explanatory view of the compactor according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a rail for moving the compression unit.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of an opening / closing gate of a hopper.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of a return prevention pawl.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of the inside of a compression unit.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which the stretchable body is extended.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which the stretchable body is contracted.

FIG. 11 is an explanatory plan view of a compression unit.

FIG. 12 is a left side view of the compression unit.

FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram of a hydraulic circuit.

FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing a method of treating waste according to the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a front explanatory view of a conventional compactor.

FIG. 16 is a plan view of a conventional compactor.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 ... Compactor, 2 compression unit, 2a casing, 2b rail, 3 cover, 4 emergency stop switch, 5 compression switch, 6 packing switch, 7 cable holding Member, 8 ... Movement lever, 9 ...
.Doors, 9a ... Covers, 9b ... Return prevention claws, 9c ...
Spring, 10 ... Opening / closing lever, 11 ... Slit, 12 ...
・ Hopper, 12a ・ ・ Slope, 13 ・ ・ Gate, 14 ・
・ Control cable, 15 ・ ・ Pedal, 16 ・ ・ Failure release pedal, 17 ・ ・ Rail, 18 ・ ・ Fall release mechanism, 18a ・ ・ Pushing rod, 18b ・ ・ Support point, 1
9-hydraulic unit, 20-control panel, 20a-start switch, 21-compression cylinder, 22-cylinder part, 23-piston rod, 24-extendable body, 25
..Scissor links, 25a..Link members, 25b, 2
5d ··· intersection, 25c, 25e · · shaft, 26 · · connecting shaft, 26a, 26b · · mounting frame, 27 · · roller, 2
8 ··· Compressed part, 28a ··· Rail, 28b ··· Upper surface, 2
9 ... Guide part, 29a ... Guide rod, 29b ...
Pipe, 30 ... Hole punching plate, 31 ... Needle, 32 ... Compression plate, 33 ... Hole punching cylinder, 32a ... Hole, 33a
..Cylinders, 33b..Piston rods, 34 ..
Compression chamber, 34a ... inner wall, 35 ... PET bottle, 35
a..Compressed material, 36..hydraulic pump, 36a..motor, 36b, 36c..pump part, 37,38..solenoid valve, 39..screw feed mechanism, 40..motor, 41..expandable frame , 42 ... Compression plate, 43 ... Compression chamber, LS1 to LS7 ... Limit switch, PS1, P
S2 ... Pressure switch, Y1 to Y4 ... Oil passage.

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A compactor for compressing and reducing the volume of waste in a compression chamber by means of a compression plate, wherein the piercing member for piercing said waste is retracted from said compression plate by a predetermined drive means, said compression plate being a piercing mechanism. The compactor installed at the top of the. 2. The compactor according to claim 1, wherein a waste storage chamber provided with an opening / closing gate for discharging waste is provided above the compression chamber. 3. A compression unit having a plurality of said compression chambers and said waste storage chamber corresponding to each compression chamber, and having a compression unit having said compression plate and a piercing mechanism, movably provided on each compression chamber. The compactor according to claim 1 or 2. 4. The compression plate pre-compresses the waste, the piercing mechanism is activated, and the piercing member pierces the pre-compressed waste and then retracts from the compression plate, and the compression plate is A method for compressing waste, in which pre-compressed waste is finally compressed.