JP2934806B2 - Compactor and waste compression method - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a compactor for compressing and reducing waste such as containers made of synthetic resin for storing drinks such as juice and water, empty cans and various spray cans, and a method for compressing wastes.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, containers for storing beverages include:
In addition to paper packs, glass bottles have been used, but in recent years,
With the increase in size of containers, containers made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which has the advantage of light weight, so-called PET bottles, have become mainstream. PET bottles are discarded as they are, unlike glass containers, because they are not washed and reused after collection. The discarded PET bottles are collected separately from other wastes, compressed in a fixed amount, and then incinerated or dumped. On the other hand, spray cans used as containers for paints, lubricants, deodorants, insecticides, hair dressings, etc. are either discarded after compression, or are melted and re-used to produce cans and other metal products. It's being used. A compression volume reduction machine, a so-called compactor, is used for the compression processing of such PET bottles and spray cans. As shown in FIGS. 15 and 16, the compactor is provided with a compression plate (42) attached to the lower end of a telescopic frame (41) that expands and contracts by rotation of a screw feed mechanism (39) driven by a motor (40). 43) is known that compresses the waste within (Japanese Utility Model Application Laid-Open No. 58-111196, 55-336)
No. 77, JP-A-55-26134). Further, a hydraulic cylinder or an air cylinder is fixed above a compression chamber, and waste is compressed by a compression plate attached to a tip of a piston.

[0003]

When the PET bottle is plugged, even if it is compressed, it is difficult for the air inside to escape, so that the compressed waste becomes bulky. On the other hand, spray cans
There is a danger of explosion if the gas that has residual gas is forcibly compressed. In order to eliminate these drawbacks, it is conceivable to open the stopper of the PET bottle manually or to make a hole in the spray can.However, in view of the current situation where a large amount of waste must be treated in a short time. Not practical.

In addition, the conventional compactor has a configuration in which waste is manually input into the compression chamber every time the compression process is performed, so that the working efficiency is low.

[0005] Further, the conventional compactor has a limitation in processing capacity because it repeatedly repeats the compression processing of waste in a single compression chamber.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to eliminate the need for opening a plastic bottle or opening a hole in a spray can, and to further improve the working efficiency and processing capacity and waste. To provide a compression method.

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is intended to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, and the configuration is such that a piercing member for piercing the compressed object is a driving plate of a compression plate.
A piercing mechanism that protrudes and retracts from the compression plate by a predetermined driving means independent of a step is provided on an upper portion of the compression plate.

Further, a waste storage chamber having an opening / closing gate for discharging waste is provided above the compression chamber.

[0009] The apparatus further comprises a plurality of compression chambers, the waste accommodating chambers corresponding to the compression chambers, and a compression unit provided with the compression plate and the piercing mechanism. Is provided so as to be movable.

A waste compression method capable of solving the above-mentioned conventional problems is a waste compression method in which waste in a compression chamber is compressed and reduced by a compression plate.
A retracting mechanism in which a piercing member for piercing the waste is protruded and retracted from the compression plate by a predetermined driving means is provided above the compression plate, the compression plate pre-compresses the waste, and the piercing mechanism operates. Then, after the piercing member pierces the pre-compressed waste, the piercing member is retracted from the compression plate, and the piston rod further extends to fully compress the pre-compressed waste.

[0011]

The puncture mechanism provided on the upper part of the compression plate is driven to protrude the piercing member from the compression plate, and the waste is pierced to remove the residual air and gas in the waste, thereby compressing the waste. The bulk of the object can be reduced. Further, when the piercing mechanism is driven to immerse the piercing member from the compression plate, the waste pierced into the piercing member can be removed by the compression plate.

Further, if a waste accommodating chamber provided with an opening / closing gate for discharging waste is provided above the compression chamber, it is possible to easily input waste into the compression chamber at any time by opening and closing the gate. Work efficiency is improved.

[0013] Further, a compression unit having a plurality of the compression chambers and the waste accommodating chambers corresponding to the compression chambers, and a compression unit having the compression plate and the piercing mechanism is provided so as to be movable on each of the compression chambers. For example, while compression processing is being performed in one compression chamber, waste can be charged into another compression chamber to prepare for compression, so that work efficiency and processing capacity can be improved.

Still further, the compression plate pre-compresses the waste, and the piercing mechanism operates to pierce the pre-compressed waste. Then, the volume of the compressed material can be further reduced by the main compression.

[0015]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The configuration of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an external perspective view of the compactor of the present invention,
2 is a front view, FIG. 3 is a right side view, and FIG. 4 is a back view.
The compactor (1) is provided with a hydraulically driven compression unit (2) on the side-by-side compression chambers (34), (34), and hoppers (12), ( 12). As shown in FIG. 5, the compression unit (2) is a rail (17) provided on both of the compression chambers and having a U-shaped cross section.
It is provided movably by accommodating a roller (17a) therein. Each hopper (12) is provided with a gate (13) for discharging the PET bottle to the compression chamber, respectively.
Each of the gates is opened via a control cable (14) as shown in FIG. 6 when a pedal (15) (shown in FIG. 2) provided at the lower center of the front of the compactor is depressed. Each compression chamber (34) is provided with a door (9) that is opened and closed by an opening / closing lever (10) so that a compressed PET bottle can be taken out. (3) is the cover of the compression unit (2), (4) is the emergency stop switch, (5) is the compression switch, (6) is the packing switch, and (7) is the compression unit.
A cable holding member that holds a hydraulic cable or the like connecting the hydraulic unit (2) to the hydraulic unit (19) shown in FIG. 3 and that bends freely according to the movement of the compression unit (2).
(2) is fixed to the rail (17), a moving lever used as a handle at the time of movement, and (20) is a control panel. (11), .., (11) on the door of FIG. 2 and the back of the compression chamber of FIG.
Is a slit formed to pass a string for packing the compressed waste from the door to the back surface through the compression chamber.

Next, the structure of the compression unit (2) will be described.
8 to 12 are explanatory views of the inside of the compression unit (2).
As shown in FIG. 9, in a casing (2a) of a compression unit (2), a pair of telescopic members (24), (24) opposed to each other are provided with rollers (27) rotatably supported at the upper end thereof. , (27) are accommodated in a rail (2b) having a U-shaped cross section formed on the upper surface of the casing (2a), and are supported at a predetermined height above the compression chamber (34). Each elastic body (24) is a plate-like link member (25a)
A scissor link (25), which is rotatably combined in an X-shape at the intersection, is connected at the top and bottom in two stages with a connecting shaft (26).
It is constituted by rotatably supporting by. A pair of upper and lower ends of the opposing telescopic rollers (27) are rotatably supported by connecting shafts (26). A compression cylinder (21) that accommodates a piston rod (23) that expands and contracts in the compression direction is disposed in the cylinder portion (22) between the opposing elastic members (24). Cylinder part (22)
Is fixed to a mounting frame (26a), and the mounting frame (26a) is supported by a shaft (25c) at an intersection (25b) of the upper scissor links. The tip of the piston rod (23) is attached to the mounting frame (26
b), and the mounting frame (26b) is supported by a shaft (25e) at the intersection (25d) of each lower scissor link.

At the lower end of each elastic body (24), a box-shaped compression section (28) having a compression plate (32) formed on the bottom surface for compressing the PET bottle.
However, as shown in FIG. 12, a roller (27) at the lower end of each elastic body is formed on the upper surface edge of the compression section (28) and has a U-shaped cross section.
(28a). In the compression section (28), a perforated plate (30) having a plurality of needles (31) suspended in a grid pattern is provided on the lower surface so as to be vertically movable. Perforated plate
The (30) moves up and down by expansion and contraction of piston rods (33b) of two perforated cylinders (33) provided on the upper surface of the compression section (28). Each needle (31) projects from the bottom surface of the compression plate (32) through a hole (32a) formed in the compression plate (32). Since the perforating cylinder (33) is provided diagonally on the compression section (28) as shown in the plan view of FIG. 11, a perforating plate (3) for piercing a plastic bottle with the needle (31) is used. 30) To equalize the force applied to
(29) is provided on another diagonal line. As shown in FIG. 12, the guide rod (29a) constituting the guide portion (29) is provided on the compression plate (32) on the perforated plate (30) and the upper surface (28) of the compression portion (28).
b), the guide rod (29a) is inserted into a pipe (29b) suspended from the perforated plate (30). Accordingly, the pipe (29b) moves up and down along the guide rod (29a).

FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram of a hydraulic circuit used in this compactor. (36) denotes a hydraulic pump, which includes a motor (36a), a pump section (36b) driven by the motor (36a), and a pump section (36c) for rapid feeding. Each pump section connects the oil passages (Y3) and (Y4) via the oil passages (Y1) and (Y2) to the compression cylinder (21) via the solenoid valve (37), and the oil passages (Y3) and (Y4) via the solenoid valve (38). Vias are connected to the perforated cylinders (33). (LS1) is a limit switch that detects the raised position of the cylinder (22), (LS2) is a limit switch that detects the lowered position, and (LS3) is a pipe of the guide (29).
Limit switch that detects the upper limit position of (29b), (LS4)
Is a limit switch that detects the lower limit of the pipe (29b), (LS5) and (LS6) are limit switches that detect the opening and closing of the door (9), and (LS7) is a limit that detects the lowering position of the compressor (28). Switch, (PS1) detects the oil pressure of the compression cylinder (21) and detects the end of pre-compression, and (PS2) detects the oil pressure of the compression cylinder (21) and ends the main compression. Are shown, respectively.

Next, the operation of the compactor will be described with reference to the hydraulic circuit of FIG. 13 and the flowchart of FIG. Now, it is assumed that the compression unit is located on the compression chamber on the left side of the drawing as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and that each expansion and contraction body in the compression unit is in a contracted state as shown in FIG. First, a string for packing is passed from each slit (11) of the door (9) to the slit (11) on the back surface through the compression chamber. When the start switch (20a) of the control panel (20) shown in FIG. 4 is turned to the start position, the hydraulic circuit is activated (step 1 (S1)), and when the left pedal (15) is depressed (S2), the left Gate of hopper (12)
(13) opens via the control cable (14) (S
3), the plastic bottle in the hopper falls into the compression chamber (34) (S4). At this time, if the PET bottle is not stuck on the gate or slides down from the slope of the hopper (12a in FIG. 6), depress the drop failure release pedal (16) shown in FIG. 2 (S4a), as shown in FIG. The push-up rod (18a) of the drop failure release mechanism (18) pivots about the fulcrum (18b) in the direction of the slope (12a), and the tip of the push-up rod (18a) projects from a hole formed in the slope, and The plastic bottle above is pushed up, and the drop failure is released. After confirming that the PET bottle has reached a certain amount, press the compression switch (5) (S5), and the hydraulic pump (36) will operate, and the solenoid valve (37) of the hydraulic circuit will open and operate. Oil is delivered to the compression cylinder (21) via the oil passage (Y1), and the piston rod (23) of the compression cylinder (21) starts to expand.

At this time, the lower scissor links (25), (25)
Is axially supported at the distal end of the piston rod (23) via a mounting frame (26b), and is pushed down toward the compression chamber by the extension of the piston rod (23). Meanwhile, the cylinder part
(22) is pushed upward by the reaction of the extension force of the piston rod (23), but the upper scissor links (25), (25)
Is supported by the cylinder portion (22) via the mounting frame (26a), and is pushed up by the rise of the cylinder portion (22). As described above, the lower scissor link is pushed down by the extension of the piston rod, and the upper scissor link is pushed up by the rise of the cylinder portion, so that the entire elastic body is extended and the compression portion (28) is lowered. At this time, the rollers (27), (27) attached to the upper end of each telescopic body (24) move while rotating toward the center of the rail in the rail (2b) formed at the top of the casing (2a). The rollers (27), (27) attached to the lower end of each telescopic body (24) move while rotating toward the center of the rail in the rail (28a) formed above the compression section (28). I do. In this way, the compression part (28) attached to the lower end of each scissor link descends in the compression chamber (34) along its inner wall (34a), and the compression plate (32) pre-compresses the PET bottle. (S6).

The precompression force is detected as a change in oil pressure by a pressure switch (PS1) connected to an oil passage (Y1). When the pressure reaches a pressure value set in a sequencer in advance, a solenoid valve (38) Opens, and the hydraulic oil
It is sent to the perforating cylinders (33) and (33) via 3), and each piston rod (33b) is extended. As a result, the perforated plate (30) is lowered, and the needles (31),..., (31) vertically provided on the back surface of the perforated plate are provided with holes (32) formed in the compression plate (32).
a), ..., (32a), protrudes from the compression surface of the compression plate (S7), and penetrates the pre-compressed PET bottle (S7).
8). Thereby, the residual air in the plastic bottle can be removed. When the lower limit position of the pipe (29b) is detected by the limit switch (LS4), the lowering stops and the ascent starts, and the needle (31) retracts into the compression plate (S9). At this time, the compressed material that has pierced the needle falls in a form in which the needle is pulled out by the compression plate. Next, the perforating cylinder (33) stops operating when the upper end of the pipe (29b) of the guide (29) is detected by the limit switch (LS3), and the needle is stopped.
(31) returns to the original position. When the perforated cylinder (33) is activated, the timer starts.If the limit switch (LS4) does not turn on after a certain period of time, the perforated cylinder (33) contracts and the piston rod (33b) moves. Since the needle is returned to the original position, the needle does not bend or break even when the needle hits hard waste, and the work is not stagnated.

Then, the compression cylinder (21) is operated again to further extend the piston rod (23), and the compression plate (32) fully compresses the pre-compressed PET bottle. This compression force is applied to the pressure switch (PS) as the hydraulic pressure of the compression cylinder (21).
When the pressure reaches a preset pressure value, the compression is stopped, the piston rod (23) operates to contract, the cylinder (22) moves upward, and the two elastic bodies (2)
4) shrinks. When the limit switch (LS1) for detecting the upper limit position of the cylinder section detects the cylinder section, the operation of the compression cylinder is stopped. The pump part (36c) for rapid feed starts at the same time as the pump part (36b) in order to make the piston rod reach the upper end of the waste quickly. When the pressure exceeds the set value, the relief valve closes and returns the hydraulic oil to the tank.
b). Further, the compression cylinder and the perforating cylinder can be simultaneously operated to simultaneously advance the pre-compression and the piercing.

Next, the moving lever (8) is pulled up toward the front to release the lock, and the moving lever (8) is grasped to compress the compression unit (2).
To the compression chamber (34) on the right side of the drawing. Then, depress the right pedal (15) to open the gate (13) of the right hopper (12), drop the plastic bottle into the right compression chamber (34), and press the compression switch (5) to perform the same compression as described above. Perform the process.
As described above, the compression process in the left and right compression chambers is defined as one cycle, and is repeated several cycles, for example, 4 to 5 cycles. Then, as the compressed PET bottles are accumulated, the lowest point of the compression plate (32) at the time of compression becomes higher, and the limit switch (LS2) is not turned on. Compression is performed in this state, and when the pressure of the compression cylinder reaches a predetermined set value, this is detected by the sequencer, a predetermined buzzer sounds, and the operator is notified of the packing state, and the compression cylinder (21 ) Rises to a packaging standby state. Next, the compression unit (2) is once moved to the compression chamber (34) on the opposite side, and the cord for packing is passed through the slit (11) of the door (9) to the slit (11) on the back of the compression chamber, and compressed again. Return unit (2) to the original compression chamber. And the packing switch
Pressing (6) lowers the compression cylinder (21) and presses the compression plate.
(32) performs main compression again and stops. Next, in the fully compressed state, the string that was first passed through the slit and the string that was passed after compression were knotted and packed, and the packing switch (6) was pressed to raise the compression cylinder (21). Packing is performed through the same packing process in the compression chamber, and the open / close lever (10)
To open each door (9), and carry out the packed compressed material with a cart or the like. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 7, a plurality of return preventing claws (9c) are attached to the inner wall surface of each compression chamber (34). Even if an attempt is made to restore the original volume, it is locked by the anti-return claw to prevent expansion. Also, when the return prevention claw (9c) is pressed down by the compression plate during compression,
It is housed in the cover (9a) with the mounting shaft (9d) as a fulcrum, and is returned to the original position by the spring (9b) when the compression plate rises.

Thus, according to this compactor,
Pre-compression is performed before the main compression, and the needle is pierced into the PET bottle to remove residual air.Therefore, manual work of opening the plug before compression is not required, and the volume of the compressed material can be further reduced. it can. In addition, since the telescopic body is expanded and contracted by the compression cylinder attached to the telescopic body, it can be compressed with a constant pressing force from the beginning to the end of the telescopic stroke. Roller is always at a position symmetrical with respect to the direction of extension of the piston rod, and a uniform pressing force is applied to the entire compression plate, so that uniform compression can be performed on the compression surface. Also, a compression cylinder is installed between the two telescopic bodies,
The height of the compactor can be designed to be low because it moves up and down as the elastic body expands and contracts. Further, since the compression chambers are juxtaposed and the compression unit can move on each compression chamber, the processing capacity is greater than that of a single compression chamber. Furthermore, since the stroke length and the storage width at the time of contraction can be easily changed only by changing the length of the link member of the scissor link, it is possible to easily cope with a change in the size of the compression chamber.

In the above embodiment, the case of compressing PET bottles has been described. However, the present invention is also applicable to compressing other waste such as spray cans and the like that need to be perforated before compression. Of course you can. When compressing waste that does not require perforation,
The operation of the perforation cylinder may be stopped, and only the compression by the compression plate may be performed without the needle protruding from the compression plate. Further, each cylinder may be air-driven in addition to the hydraulic drive. Furthermore, the number of compression chambers and hoppers can be three or more, and the compression unit can be moved by driving a motor.

[0026]

According to the present invention, since the residual air and gas of the waste can be removed by the piercing mechanism, the volume of the waste to be compressed can be reduced as compared with the prior art.
There is no danger of explosion of spray cans. Moreover, by providing a hopper with an open / close gate on the compression chamber,
The waste can be easily put into the compression chamber at any time. Further, by providing a plurality of compression chambers and the waste accommodating chamber corresponding to each compression chamber, and providing the compression unit movably on each of the compression chambers, it is possible to improve the processing capacity.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an external perspective explanatory view of a compactor according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory front view of the compactor according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory right side view of the compactor according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory rear view of the compactor according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a rail for moving the compression unit.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory view of an opening / closing gate of a hopper.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of a return prevention claw.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of the inside of a compression unit.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory view showing a state in which the elastic body is extended.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory view showing a state in which the elastic body has contracted.

FIG. 11 is an explanatory plan view of a compression unit.

FIG. 12 is an explanatory left side view of a compression unit.

FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram of a hydraulic circuit.

FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing a waste disposal method according to the present invention.

FIG. 15 is an explanatory front view of a conventional compactor.

FIG. 16 is an explanatory plan view of a conventional compactor.

[Explanation of symbols]

1. Compactor, 2. Compression unit, 2a. Casing, 2b .. rail, 3. Cover, 4. Emergency stop switch, 5. Compression switch, 6. Packing switch, 7. Cable holding Member, 8 ... moving lever, 9 ...
・ Door, 9a ・ ・ cover, 9b ・ ・ Return prevention claw, 9c ・ ・
Spring, 10 opening lever, 11 slit, 12
・ Hopper, 12a ・ ・ Slope, 13 ・ ・ Gate, 14 ・
· Control cable, 15 · · · Pedal, 16 · · · · Failure drop release pedal, 17 · · Rail, 18 · · · Fall failure release mechanism, 18a · · · thrust rod, 18b · · · fulcrum, 1
9. hydraulic unit, 20 control panel, 20a start switch, 21 compression cylinder, 22 cylinder part, 23 piston rod, 24 telescopic body, 25
..Scissor link, 25a..Link member, 25b, 2
5d ... intersection, 25c, 25e ... axis, 26 ... connecting axis, 26a, 26b ... mounting frame, 27 ... roller, 2
8 compression part, 28a rail, 28b top surface, 2
9 Guide part, 29a guide rod, 29b
Pipes, 30 perforated plate, 31 needle, 32 compressed plate, 33 perforated cylinder, 32a perforated, 33a
..Cylinder, 33b..Piston rod, 34 ..
Compression chamber, 34a, inner wall, 35, PET bottle, 35
a ... compressed material, 36 ... hydraulic pump, 36a ... motor, 36b, 36c ... pump section, 37,38 ... solenoid valve, 39 ... screw feed mechanism, 40 ... motor, 41 ... , 42..compression plate, 43..compression chamber, LS1-LS7..limit switch, PS1, P
S2 pressure switch, Y1 to Y4 oil passage.

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. A compactor for compressing and reducing the volume of waste in a compression chamber by a compression plate, wherein a piercing member for piercing the compressed material is separated from the compression plate by a predetermined drive unit independent of a drive unit of the compression plate. A compactor having a piercing mechanism which is provided above and below the compression plate. 2. The compactor according to claim 1, wherein a waste storage chamber having an opening / closing gate for discharging waste is provided above the compression chamber. 3. A compression unit including a plurality of compression chambers and the waste accommodating chamber corresponding to each compression chamber, and a compression unit having the compression plate and a piercing mechanism is movably provided on each of the compression chambers. The compactor according to claim 1 or 2. 4. A waste compression method for compressing and reducing waste in a compression chamber by a compression plate, wherein a piercing member for piercing the waste is independent of a driving means of the compression plate.
A piercing mechanism that protrudes and retracts from the compression plate by the predetermined driving means is provided above the compression plate, the compression plate pre-compresses the waste, and the piercing mechanism operates to cause the piercing member to A method for compressing waste, wherein compressed waste is retracted from the compression plate after penetrating, and the pre-compressed waste is fully compressed.