JPH0479759B2 - - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention (Industrial Application Field) The present invention is applicable to various household wastes, industrial wastes, etc., including styrofoam, wood chips, paper scraps, plastic scraps, metal scraps, etc., which are often used in packing materials and containers. This invention relates to an apparatus for compressing, reducing volume and solidifying.

(Prior Art) Various household wastes and industrial wastes include wood chips, paper, plastics, metal pieces, and the like.
These wastes are incinerated, landfilled, recycled, etc., and bulky wastes are crushed and made into fine particles in advance for the above-mentioned treatment.

By the way, it goes without saying that the waste must be collected, stored, and transported before it can be processed as described above, but it is extremely bulky in the state it is discharged from, making it difficult to handle and difficult to store. Transportability is also poor. In addition, when disposing in a landfill, the space in the landfill is limited, so it is desirable that the volume be as low as possible. On the other hand, although the bulk of the crushed waste is somewhat reduced, it is not sufficient to solve the above problems, and therefore there has been a strong desire for a drastic improvement in the waste disposal.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) Therefore, the present applicant has developed the workability of compressing waste at the source to reduce its volume and solidify it, thereby improving the workability of the waste for subsequent processing.
In Utility Application No. 140792/1987, we proposed a waste compression solidification device that promises to improve storage and transportability. Such compression solidification equipment has a simple structure but high processing efficiency, and has become widely popular in various fields. However, at the stage of practical application, the following issues that still need to be resolved have been pointed out. In other words, since this device takes out the compressed solidified material by gravity, depending on the type and condition of the waste, it may be difficult to release it from the descending plate due to its adhesive strength, which may reduce the operating efficiency. This often resulted in a drop in the strength of the object, and objects that had been solidified were often easily broken when falling.

The present invention was made as a result of further research based on the above-mentioned accumulated technology, and it eliminates any operational failure due to clogging by removing the molded solid material by forced ejection means, and also removes the molded solid material by forced ejection means. Even if there is an intervening process, the work efficiency of compression compaction can be maintained as high as before, and a new waste material containing plastic waste such as Styrofoam can be welded and compacted using a heater. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a volume reduction and solidification device.

(Means for Solving the Problems) A waste volume reduction and solidification apparatus of the present invention for achieving the above object will be explained based on the accompanying drawings. 1st
The figure is a partially cutaway perspective view showing one embodiment of the device of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view of the same device, FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 2 of another embodiment, and FIGS. 4 to 7 FIG. 2 is a schematic explanatory diagram showing various modifications of the solidification mold and the vertical compression means.

That is, the waste volume reduction and solidification apparatus 1 of the present invention has the following features:
A supply hopper 10 for waste A, and the hopper 10
Trough-shaped compression chambers 21, 2 that are capable of horizontal reciprocating movement in proximity to the lower opening 11 and that are open at the top and sides.
a solidification mold 2 in which the solidification molds 2 and 2 are connected in a reciprocating direction; Vertical compression means 3 that compresses the material A from above, lateral compression means 4 that compresses the waste A in the compression chambers 21 and 22 from the side, and the vertical compression means 3 and the lateral compression means 4. extrusion means 5, 5 for pushing out the compacted solid material B from the side openings 21a, 22a of the compression chambers 21, 22 after the solidification mold 2 is displaced back and forth; and at least the solidification mold 2 and the vertical compression. The gist is that the heater 7 is comprised of a means 3 and a heater 7 provided in the means 3.

As the side compression means 4, the side opening 2 is provided at one side of the lower end opening 11 of the supply hopper 10.
1a or 22a, and the lateral compression means 4 is reciprocated toward the fixed wall 12 from the opposite side of the solidification mold 2 (as shown in FIGS. 1 and 22a). In addition to FIG. 2), a case in which two lateral compression means 4 are arranged on both sides of the solidification mold 2 and are simultaneously driven in opposition (FIG. 3) is also adopted. Furthermore, in order to prevent the solids B consisting of heat-sealable waste A from being carried up into the vertical compression means 3, demolding means 8 are attached to the vertical compression means 3. The fixed wall 12 and the lateral compression means 4 are also provided with heaters 7 .

The waste to be compressed and solidified in the apparatus of the present invention includes crushed wood chips, planer chips,
Industrial wastes such as paper waste, straw, grass, cardboard, bark, rice husk, bakasu, fiber waste, powdered charcoal, organic materials such as styrofoam and plastic, and inorganic materials including cutting waste of copper, aluminum, iron, brass, etc., are used. As mentioned above, it is preferable to use a material that has been crushed into small pieces or preheated, but even a material that is somewhat bulky can be processed. Furthermore, when the compressed solid material is to be reused, for example, as solid fuel or recycled plastic, it is desirable that the waste be sorted out in advance.

(Function) In the waste volume reduction and solidification apparatus 1 configured as described above, the waste A put into the hopper 10 is placed close to the lower end of the lower opening 11 of the hopper 10 and is placed in the heater 7. The solidification mold 2 thus heated enters the compression chambers 21 and 22 of either one, is heated by the heater 7, and is heated by the water compression means 3 which moves up and down in the vertical direction under the control of the control means. The solid material B is compressed from above by the lateral compression means 4, and from the side by the lateral compression means 4, and the material containing a heat-melting component is formed into a solid material B with at least the peripheral portion outside the side surface welded. After that, the solidification mold 2 moves back and forth, and the compression chambers 21 and 22 containing the solid material B are separated from the lower opening 11, and the other compression chambers 22 and 2
1 is located at the lower end of the lower opening 11. Then, the extrusion means 5 operates and the solid matter B is accommodated.
is pushed out. During this time, waste material A is filled in the hopper 1 into other compression chambers 22 and 21 located at the lower end of the lower opening 11, and compression molded while being heated by the vertical compression means 3 and the lateral compression means 4 in the same manner as described above. be done. Thereafter, the solidification mold 2 moves back and forth (in the opposite direction to the above), and another extrusion means 5 disposed on the moving side operates to push the solid material B into the compression chamber 2.
2, 21 forcibly pushed out. In this way, the waste A in the hopper 10 is successively solidified while repeating the alternate compression and solidification and extrusion and discharge in the compression chambers 21 and 22. Since a forced extrusion and discharge operation is always added after compression and solidification, there is no clogging and smooth processing is guaranteed. Furthermore, in the case of waste containing heat-fusible components, at least the top and bottom and front and back surfaces are welded to form a solid that is difficult to collapse.

(Example) Next, an example of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

In FIGS. 1 and 2, the supply hopper 10
A screw conveyor 6 for waste input is introduced into the screw conveyor 6, and the preheated waste in a large-capacity waste storage hopper 60 installed at the rear end of the screw conveyor 6 is transferred to a place by the screw conveyor 6. A fixed amount is put into the hopper 10. The supply hopper 10 functions as a small primary storage tank having a substantially inverted square pyramid shape, and its lower end is opened to form a lower opening 11 for compression molding. This opening 1
A solidification mold 2 is disposed so as to be movable back and forth in contact with the lower end of the solidification mold 2, and the solidification mold 2 is formed by connecting gutter-shaped compression chambers 21 and 22 that are open at the sides and the top back and forth.
A plurality of rod-shaped electric heaters 7 that raise the temperature to about 200°C are embedded from the sides in the front and rear walls, partition walls, and bottom walls surrounding the compression chambers 21 and 22.
The inner surface of 2 is designed to be around 150℃.
The electric power supply line to the heater 7 is either coiled with some slack so that it can be expanded and contracted as appropriate, or it is suspended on a trolley. The solid frame mold 2 is intermittently reciprocated in the front-rear direction along a guide rail 23 by a hydraulic cylinder 20. This intermittent reciprocating motion back and forth causes each of the front and rear compression chambers 21, 22 to
The lower compression processing positions are set alternately.

A vertical compression means 3 is disposed within the hopper 10 so as to be movable up and down.
Hydraulic cylinder 30 installed vertically on the top of 0
and a compression mold plate 31 fixed to the lower end of the telescopic rod of the cylinder 30.
When the compression mold plate 31 is extended and lowered, the compression mold plate 31 comes directly above the lower opening 11, and the waste material A is compressed and filled into the compression chambers 21 and 22. A plurality of the above-described rod-shaped electric heaters 7 are also embedded in the front and rear walls and the top wall of the compression mold plate 31 from the sides. Solid material B, which is waste containing a large amount of plastic such as styrofoam, may rise as the mold plate 31 rises after molding, so the solid material B
For example, two sets of release means 8 are provided to keep the mold inside the mold.
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, a mold release rod 81 penetrates through the mold plate 31 and is suspended from above the ceiling plate of the hopper 10 via a spring 82, and a stopper 83 prevents the mold from rising. has been done. A disk 81a is attached to the lower end of the rod 81, and when the template 31 rises, the disk 81a also rises slightly by the spring 82 to the extent that it does not interfere with the reciprocating movement of the solid upper mold 2, and then the template 31 rises. Accordingly, the disk 81a acts to push down the solidified material B. During the compression work of the template 31, the disc 81a enters the recess 31a and is not subjected to lateral pressure from the lateral compression means 4.

On the side of the hopper 10, there are compression chambers 21, 22 of either of the solidification molds 2 arranged directly under the opening 11.
A lateral compression means 4 was installed which is driven to extend in the horizontal direction, that is, in a direction orthogonal to the back and forth movement direction of the solidification mold 2, and the compression means 4 was fixed to the tip of a hydraulic cylinder 40 and its telescopic rod. It consists of a push plate 41. In the case of FIGS. 1 and 2, a fixed wall 12 is provided hanging down on the opposite side of the opening 11 (opposite the compression means 4), and when the hydraulic cylinder 40 is extended, the press plate 41 and the fixed wall 12 Compression chamber 2 between
The waste A filled in 1 and 22 is compressed from the side. A push plate 41 or a fixed wall 1 is attached to the solid material B depending on the purpose.
It is also possible to embed a heater 7 in 2 as appropriate to heat and weld all six sides of the solid B.

In front and behind the compression means 4, two extrusion means 5, 5 are installed which are driven in parallel with the compression means 4, that is, in a direction orthogonal to the back and forth movement direction of the solidification mold 2. It consists of a push plate 51 fixed to the tip of the telescopic rod. When the cylinders 50, 50 are expanded, the extrusion means 5, 5 face the side openings 21a, 22a of the compression chambers 21, 22, which are separated from the opening 11 in the front and rear directions,
It functions to push out the solid material B accommodated in the compression chambers 21 and 22 from the side openings 21a and 22a on the opposite side.

Next, the operating mechanism of the compression solidification device 1 will be outlined. First, the front compression chamber 21 of the solidification mold 2 is positioned under the lower opening 11 of the hopper 10 by contraction of the hydraulic cylinder 20, and the screw conveyor 6
A predetermined amount of waste A is supplied into the compression chamber 21.
The completion of feeding of this waste A is easily managed using a timer, etc., and the push plates 41 of the lateral compression means 4
The waste A on the compression chamber 21 is compressed by the compression mold plate 3 by the extension of the hydraulic cylinder 30 while being surrounded by the fixed wall 12.
Compress by downward movement of 1. Next, the waste material A is laterally compressed by the forward movement of the press plate 41 due to the extension of the hydraulic cylinder 40 to obtain the solid material B. During this time,
If waste A contains a lot of plastic such as expanded polystyrene and you want to weld the surrounding area, the temperature of the heater 7 is raised and the solidification mold 2 and the compression mold plate 31 are heated. The front and rear upper and lower surfaces are welded together, and the solid material B becomes difficult to collapse. Further, when the compression mold plate 31 moves downward, the disc 8a of the mold release rod 8
The solid material B enters the depression 31a on the lower surface and descends together, and when moving upward, the disc 8a rises slightly, and the solid material B
When the solid material B is being lifted up, the solid material B is pushed down from the template 31, which remains separate from the disk 8a. Thereafter, by extension of the hydraulic cylinder 20, the rear compression chamber 22 of the solidification mold 2 is moved to the lower part of the opening 11, and the compression chamber 21 is pushed forward of the opening 11 together with the solid material B. The solid material B in the front compression chamber 21 is moved into the compression chamber 2 by the forward movement of the push plate 51 of the front extrusion means 5.
1 is pushed out from the side opening 21a. This push plate 51 returns to the standby position, solid matter B is formed in the rear compression chamber 22 in the same manner as described above, and after the vertical and lateral compression means 3 and 4 return to the standby position, the hydraulic cylinder 20 contracts. The empty front compression chamber 21 of the solidification mold 2 is then placed under the opening 11 again, and the waste A in the compression chamber 21 is compressed. In the meantime, the solid material B is pushed out from the side opening 22a of the compression chamber 22 by the rear pushing means 5 in the same manner as described above. The above operations are repeated alternately to remove waste A.
is compressed and the solid B is discharged.

In FIG. 3, a pair of side compression means 4, 4 are arranged on both sides of the opening, and the waste A filled in the compression chambers 21, 22 is compressed by simultaneous opposing driving of both compression means 4, 4. That is. in this case,
Needless to say, the fixed wall 12 is unnecessary and tedious. Further, the heater 7 can be embedded in the push plate 41 as necessary.

4 to 7 show various modifications of the solidification mold 2 and the compression mold plate 31, which are appropriately selected and used depending on the nature of the waste to be treated and the intended use. Particularly, when treating sticky waste, it is preferable to use compression chambers 21 and 22 whose side walls are curved or slanted to expand upwardly for good mold releasability.

(Effects of the Invention) According to the waste volume reduction and solidification apparatus of the present invention as described above, the extrusion means functions as a forced discharge means to ensure that the solids formed in sequence are transferred to the compression chamber of the solidification type. Since the pump is pushed out and discharged, there are no operational problems due to clogging, and smooth continuous operation is possible. Further, since the waste is cyclically compressed and molded in two compression chambers, it is possible to improve work efficiency. Furthermore, since the heater 7 is provided at least on the solidification mold and the compression mold plate, it is possible to make the waste containing plastics such as styrofoam and heat-welding components into a durable solid material whose peripheral surface is welded and does not easily crumble. .

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a partially cutaway perspective view showing one embodiment of the device of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view of the same device, Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 2 of another embodiment, and Figs. FIG. 7 is a schematic explanatory diagram showing various modifications of the solidification mold and the vertical compression means. (Explanation of symbols), 1... Waste reduction solidification device, 10... Supply hopper, 11... Lower opening,
12... Fixed wall, 2... Solidified type, 21, 22...
...Compression chamber, 21a, 22a...Side opening, 3...
Vertical compression means, 4... Lateral compression means, 5... Extrusion means, 7... Heater, 8... Mold release means, A...
...Waste, B...Solid matter.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A supply hopper 10 for waste A, and a trough-shaped compression chamber 2 that is close to the lower opening 11 of the hopper 10, is capable of horizontal reciprocating movement, and is open at the top and sides.
A solidification mold 2 in which 1 and 22 are connected in a reciprocating direction;
Vertical compression means 3 is arranged to be vertically movable in the supply hopper 10 above the solidification mold 2 and compresses the waste A filled in either of the compression chambers 21, 22 from above; The solidification mold 2 compresses the solid material B compacted by the lateral compression means 4 which compresses the waste A in the chambers 21 and 22 from the side, and the vertical compression means 3 and the lateral compression means 4. After being displaced back and forth, the side openings 21a, 22 of the compression chambers 21, 22
A waste volume reduction and solidification device comprising extrusion means 5, 5 for extruding from the solidification mold 2 and a heater 7 provided at least in the solidification mold 2 and the vertical compression means 3. 2. A fixed wall 12 that corresponds to either of the side openings 21a, 22a is hung down from one side of the lower end opening 11 of the supply hopper 10, and the side compression means 4 is installed on the opposite side of the solidification mold 2. The fixed wall 1 from the side
Claim 1: The device is driven reciprocatingly toward the
The volume reduction solidification device described. 3. The volume reduction and solidification apparatus according to claim 1, wherein two of the lateral compression means 4 are arranged on both sides of the solidification mold 2, and these are driven simultaneously to face each other. 4. The volume reduction and solidification apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the vertical compression means 3 has a mold release means 8 for pushing down the solid material B brought up thereon during the rising process.