JP2002160093A - Device and method for producing compressed refuse - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for producing refuse, which is condensed into a high-density state without using an adhesive or the like, and provide a device therefor. SOLUTION: The refuse is fed into a compression mold R having a U-shaped cross section by a refuse feeding plate 50 and compressed by a plate-like compression member 30 in the bottom direction of the mold R. Thus, the refuse is compressed in the width and height directions of the mold R. The refuse kept in such a compressed state is compressed by a piston-like discharge member 20 from the opposite side of the outlet of the mold R, as being resisted against its moving at the outlet of the mold R by an outlet restriction member 40. Thus, the refuse is compressed in the longitudinal direction of the mold R. The refuse is compressed to a high-density state from three directions, becomes a shape of a block B, and discharged.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention belongs to the technical field of a method and an apparatus for compressing wastes and wastes (hereinafter referred to as "wastes").

[0002]

[Prior Art] In waste treatment facilities and recycling facilities,
Wastes such as cardboard, empty cans, plastic bottles, etc. are collected and processed as garbage or recycled materials.To reduce storage space and transportation costs, it is important to compress waste as much as possible to reduce its volume. is there.

[0003] Therefore, conventionally, wastes are compressed by using an appropriate compression device (compactor) according to the type of the wastes. For example, a compression device for paper such as corrugated cardboard compresses an object to be compressed by pressing it in one direction, and then binds the object with a string or the like to maintain the compressed state. Examples of the compression device for empty cans and PET bottles include a device in which empty cans are folded one by one, and a device in which a large number of empty cans or the like are compressed at a time into a block-shaped mass.

[0004]

However, in order to compress the object to be compressed at a high density by the above-mentioned paper compression apparatus, the object to be compressed must be formed into a flat plate in advance. For example, a cardboard box must be manually disassembled and folded before being placed on a compression device. Further, since such a compression device only presses a flat waste material in one direction, it is necessary to bind the waste material with a string or the like in order to maintain the compressed state. For this reason, when the string is unwound, there is a problem that the compressed state returns to the original state, that is, the bulky state before compression.

[0005] In order to maintain the compressed state of the object to be compressed, it has been considered that an adhesive is added before and after compression to solidify the object to be compressed, but the cost and labor for using the adhesive are considered. In addition to the above, there is a problem that the waste solidified in this way is difficult to regenerate because it contains an adhesive.

On the other hand, the conventional compression apparatus for empty cans and PET bottles has a low compression strength, and therefore has a low compression density and cannot sufficiently compress the object to be compressed. Then, there is a problem that it is difficult to adjust the heating power of the pet fuel obtained by regenerating the pet bottle unless the pet fuel is compressed at a high density.

For this reason, conventionally, there is a method in which an empty can or a PET bottle is heated and melted and formed into a high-density ingot to greatly reduce the volume. However, the apparatus becomes large-scale and the processing cost increases. Further, when the waste is heated and melted, an odor may be generated.

Further, the types of waste to be treated are not limited to papers, empty cans and plastic bottles, but also include metals, plastics,
Although there are many types of waste, such as wood chips, as described above, the types of waste that can be processed with conventional compression devices are limited, and therefore, when handling various types of waste, different compression devices are required. There's a problem.

[0009]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, a waste is put into a compression mold having a U-shaped cross section, and the waste is pressed toward the bottom of the compression mold to reduce the waste to the width of the compression mold. The waste is compressed by pressing the waste from the opposite side of the outlet of the compression mold while maintaining the state by compressing the waste in the direction and the height direction, while giving resistance to the movement of the waste at the outlet of the compression mold. The above object is achieved by a method for producing compressed waste, characterized by compressing in the longitudinal direction of the compression mold, an apparatus for carrying out this method, and waste compacted from three directions orthogonal to each other. Was solved.

[0010]

According to the present invention, waste can be removed in the width direction, the longitudinal direction,
And it is compressed from the height direction, ie, three directions orthogonal to each other, and is compacted to form a high-density block.
Since the block-like waste (hereinafter, referred to as a block) is compressed without any gap exceeding the elastic limit, the compressed state is maintained without using an adhesive.

[0011]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1A is a perspective view of an essential part for explaining the structure of a compression device 10 according to the present invention, and FIG.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a block compressed by the compression device 10 of FIG. The space indicated by reference numeral S1 in FIG. 1A is a waste input chamber, and the space indicated by reference numeral S2 is a processing chamber. The processing chamber S2 of the compression device 10 includes a compression mold R having a U-shaped cross section, a piston-shaped compression / discharge member 20 that moves back and forth in the compression mold R along the longitudinal direction, and a vertical direction in the bottom direction of the compression mold R. It has a plate-shaped compression member 30 having a cutting blade, which will be described later, at the lower end, and an outlet restraint member 40 for pressing waste to the bottom of the compression mold R at the outlet. Note that the dotted line in the figure indicates the cover 60 of the compression device main body.

The piston-shaped compression discharge member 20 is a compression type R
It is provided in order to compress the waste inside and discharge it to the outlet of the compression mold R. This piston-shaped compression discharge member 2
Regarding 0, the movement in the direction of arrow a in FIG. 1A is called forward, and the movement in the direction of arrow b is called backward.

An upper cutting blade 32 is provided at the lower end of the plate-shaped compression member 30 on the waste material input chamber side.
A lower cutting blade 34 is provided at the upper end of the waste material input chamber. When the plate-shaped compression member 30 is lowered, the upper cutting blade 32 of the plate-shaped compression member 30 and the lower cutting blade 34 of the compression die R engage to perform a waste cutting function. The waste in the compression mold R is pressed against the bottom of the compression mold R at the lower end surface of the plate-shaped compression member 30.

FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged view for explaining the operation of the outlet restraining member 40. As shown in FIG. The outlet restraining member 40 has one end connected to the hydraulic piston P (see FIG. 1A) and the other end supported by the link member L. Therefore, due to the hydraulic piston P, the outlet restraining member 40 causes the link member L
Can be rotated around the center of the compression mold R, that is, between the restrained position shown in FIG. 2A and the release movement shown in FIG. (Arrows c and d directions). When the outlet restraining member 40 is at the restraining position shown in FIG. 2A, the outlet restraining member 40 applies pressure to the waste near the outlet of the compression mold R,
The waste is restrained so as to be pressed against the bottom of the compression mold R. As shown in FIG. 2, ridges 42 and 44 extending along the longitudinal direction of the compression mold R are provided on the bottom surface of the compression mold R near the outlet and on the lower end surface of the outlet restraining member 40. The protrusions 44 on the bottom surface of the compression mold R have a wedge-shaped cross section in the longitudinal direction, and the height thereof gradually increases as approaching the outlet of the compression mold R.

The waste supply plate 50 is provided in a waste input chamber S1 constituted by a cover 60, and extends along a curved guide plate 52 provided at the bottom of the waste input chamber S1 as shown in FIG. ) In the directions of arrows e and f. The end of the waste supply plate 50 is bent in order to efficiently supply the waste into the processing chamber S2. The movement in the direction of arrow e in FIG. 1A is called forward, and the movement in the direction of arrow f is called backward.

FIG. 3 shows the appearance of the compression device 10 of the present invention. FIG. 3 (a) is a view from the front, and FIG.
It is a top view of (a). The compression device 10 shown in FIG.
In this configuration, the chute member S is connected to the outlet of the compression mold, and the compressed waste can be naturally dropped through the chute member S, for example, to the bed of a waste collection truck. FIG. 4 is a view of the compression device 10 of the present invention shown in FIG. 3A as viewed from the back with the cover 60 and the chute member S removed. Reference numeral M in the drawing indicates a hydraulic unit and a motor for operating the piston-shaped compression / discharge member 20, the plate-shaped compression member 30, the outlet restraint member 40, and the waste supply plate 50. Since the configurations of the hydraulic unit and the motor M are well known, description thereof will be omitted.

Next, a method of compressing waste by the compression apparatus 10 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. In each of the drawings, (a) is a cross-sectional view taken along line aa of FIG. 3 (b), and (b) is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 3 (b).
FIG. 3C is a cross-sectional view taken along the line cc in FIG. 3B.

Step 1 Injection of Waste As shown in FIG. 5, the waste supply plate 50 and the piston-like compression / discharge member 20 are in the retracted position, and the plate-like compression member 30 is in the uppermost position. Put garbage inside. In this figure, two cardboard boxes W1 and W2 are illustrated as waste.

Step 2 Supply of Waste to Compression Mold As shown in FIG. 6, when the waste supply plate 50 moves forward, the waste W1 in the waste input chamber S1 is removed from the waste supply plate 5.
By 0, it is sent above the compression mold R. At this time, the piston-shaped compression / discharge member 20 is at the retracted position, and the plate-shaped compression member 30 is at the uppermost position.

Step 3 Cutting and Compression of Waste Next, as shown in FIG. 7, when the plate-shaped compression member 30 is lowered while the waste supply plate 50 is at the forward position, the upper cutting blade of the plate-shaped compression member 30 is cut. 32 and the lower cutting blade 34 of the compression mold R engage with each other, and a portion of the waste W1 protruding from the compression mold R is cut. In this manner, the large waste W1 put into the waste input chamber S1 is cut into a size that can be pushed into the compression mold R of the processing chamber S2.
When the plate-shaped compression member 30 descends in this state, the cut waste W1 is pressed by the lower end surface of the plate-shaped compression member 30 and is pushed into the compression mold R. At this time, waste W1
Is compressed in the width direction on both sides of the compression mold R.
When the plate-shaped compression member 30 is further lowered, the waste W1
Is pressed against the bottom of the compression die R at the lower end surface of the plate-shaped compression member 30 and is compressed in the height direction. Thereafter, the waste supply plate 50 returns to the retracted position (not shown). In this step, the piston-shaped compression / discharge member 20 is in the retracted position. The remaining portion W1 ′ of the cut waste W1 is left in the waste input chamber S1.

Step 4 Compression and Discharge As shown in FIG.
The piston-shaped compression / discharge member 20 moves forward and presses the waste W1 in the compression mold R toward the exit of the compression mold R. At this time, the lower end surface of the plate-shaped compression member 30 and the lower end surface of the outlet restraining member 40 are substantially flush, so that the movement of the compressed waste in the longitudinal direction is not hindered. FIG. 9 is a partially enlarged view of the vicinity of the outlet of the compression mold R in this state. FIG. 9A is a side view, and FIG.
It is a -b line sectional view. As shown in FIG. 9, near the outlet of the compression mold R, the outlet restraining member 40 is at the restraining position, and the waste W1 is pressed against the bottom of the compression mold R.
Therefore, the vicinity of the outlet of the compression mold R is in a state where resistance is given to the movement of the waste W1, and in this state, when the piston-like compression / discharge member 20 advances, the waste W in the compression mold R moves forward.
1 is compressed in the longitudinal direction of the compression mold R. Also, as shown in FIG. 9B, the movement of the waste W1 is restricted by the lower end surface of the outlet restricting member 40 and the ridges 42, 44 formed on the bottom surface of the compression mold R, and the pressing force is applied to the inside thereof. Therefore, the block-like waste discharged from the compression device 10 is compressed so as to exceed the elastic limit so as to minimize the gap, and does not return to the original state. Grooves are formed on the upper and lower surfaces of the waste by the ridges 42 and 44. The waste W1 is discharged from the compression mold R when the pressure applied by the piston-shaped compression discharging member 20 becomes larger than the restraining (resistance) force of the outlet restraining member 40. If waste is not discharged even when the pressure of the piston-shaped compression / discharge member 20 exceeds a certain limit, in order to avoid destruction of the device,
The setting is made such that the pressing force of the outlet restraining member 40 is released, and the waste can be discharged.

By the compression device 10 of the present invention, the waste W1
Are compressed in a block shape as shown in FIG.
That is, the block B is compressed in the width direction (directions of arrows E and E ′ in the drawing) by both side walls of the compression mold R, and the height direction (direction of arrows C in the drawing) by the lower end surface of the plate-shaped compression member 30. And further compressed in the longitudinal direction (the direction of arrow A in the figure) by the piston-shaped compression / discharge member 20.

The compression device 10 is provided with a start switch and a stop switch (not shown). If the start switch is pressed after the waste W is input, the above steps are performed until the stop switch is pressed. Can be programmed to operate automatically. In addition, a stop timer (not shown) may be provided instead of the stop switch, and after a predetermined time of operation, the operation is automatically stopped.

The compression apparatus 1 of the present invention described above
0 indicates that the processing capacity can be changed depending on the size of the compression type R to be used. Specifically, width 80 mm, height 8
A description will be given of a case where the compression device 10 is configured using a compression mold of 0 mm and a compression mold of 200 mm in width and 200 mm in height. The motor M is connected to the compression device 10
Or may be provided independently of the compression device 10.

When compressing a cardboard box using this compression apparatus, the processing capacity per hour is about 300 kg in the case of using a compression mold having a width of 80 mm and a height of 80 mm.
In the case of using a compression mold having a width of 200 mm and a height of 200 mm, the weight can be about 900 kg. In addition, the corrugated cardboard is compressed by blocks B (FIG. 1B).
reference. The compression density of the block B differs depending on the size of the compression mold. For example, width 8
In a compression type of 0 mm and a height of 80 mm, the compression density of the block B is 400 kg / m ³ , a width of 200 mm, and a height of 200 m.
m, the compression density of block B is 250 kg /
m is ^3. The length of these blocks B is 100
To 300 mm.

Next, FIG. 10 shows a case where a 1,000 kg corrugated cardboard box is compressed using the compression apparatus of the present invention, and the work flow and the processing time until the transfer are all performed manually ( (See FIG. 10 (b).) And when a conventional paper compactor is used (see FIG. 10 (c)).
It is a figure for comparing with. In the compression device 10 of the present invention, after the switch is turned on, the cardboard box is automatically compressed into a block shape and discharged automatically simply by directly putting the cardboard box into the waste input chamber S1. As shown in FIG. 10 (a), it takes about 1.1 hours to use a compression mold having a width of 200 mm and a height of 200 mm, and about 3.3 hours to use a compression mold having a width of 80 mm and a height of 80 mm. All work is completed.

On the other hand, when all the steps are performed manually, it takes about 11 hours just to disassemble the cardboard to form a flat plate (see FIG. 10B). In addition, the amount of conventional compactor that can be processed at a time is determined, and this is repeated 20 times in order to process all 1,000 kg of corrugated cardboard with one cycle of disassembly of cardboard, injection into the compactor, compression, and binding. (Fig. 10
(C)). It takes about 12.3 hours to complete all processing using this compactor.

FIG. 11 is a diagram for comparing the volume and density of the cardboard after compression by the above method. As shown in FIG. 11, according to the compression apparatus 10 of the present invention, the volume of waste can be reduced and the density can be reduced.

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the processing capacity and density when aluminum cans and PET bottles are compressed by the compression device 10 of the present invention. As shown in FIG.
According to the compression device 10 of the present invention, 8,000 per hour
0 to 22,000 (160kg to 440kg)
Aluminum cans or 2,300 to 6,0 per hour
00 (115 kg to 200 kg) PET bottles can be processed.

When the compression device 10 of the present invention is used, cardboard is about 1/40, paper is about 5 to 1/10, plastic bottles are about 1/40, and aluminum and steel cans are about 40 times.
It is compressed by a factor of one.

As described above, according to the compression apparatus of the present invention, wastes are compressed in a block shape in three directions of the horizontal direction, the longitudinal direction, and the height direction. Easy to handle. Also, according to the compression device of the present invention, not only cardboard, aluminum cans, steel cans, but also metals, plastics, food trays, wooden boxes, industrial waste, etc.
Any waste can be compressed to reduce its volume, and the compressed state is maintained without using an adhesive or a string.

As long as the waste can be put into the waste input chamber of the compression device, the waste does not need to be pre-treated, and can be compressed as it is.

Further, according to the compression apparatus of the present invention, not only the processing time is short, but also all the processing is automatically performed just by putting the waste into the waste input chamber. It can be significantly reduced.

[0034]

According to the present invention, all kinds of wastes such as papers, empty cans, plastic bottles, metal, wood chips, etc.
That is, there is an effect that the block can be processed into a block shape having a high compression ratio and easy to handle. Further, the compressed state of the waste can be maintained without using an adhesive.

Further, there is an effect that it is not necessary to perform any pretreatment on the waste material to be put in, and the time for the compression treatment is short.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 shows a compression device according to the present invention and a block compressed by the compression device of the present invention. FIG. 1 (a) is a perspective view of a main part of the compression device, and FIG. 1 (b) is a perspective view of the block.

FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged view for explaining the operation of the outlet restraining member.

3A and 3B show the appearance of a compression device of the present invention in which a chute member is connected to an outlet of a compression mold. FIG. 3A is a front view, and FIG. 3B is a top view of FIG. .

FIG. 4 is a view of the compression device of the present invention shown in FIG. 3 (a) viewed from the back surface with a cover and a chute member removed, and FIG. 4 (a) shows a plate-like compression member in an uppermost position; In a certain state, FIG. 4B shows a state in which the plate-shaped compression member is at the lowest position.

FIG. 5 is a view for explaining a method of compressing waste by the compression device of the present invention, showing a state where waste is charged, and FIG. 5 (a) is a sectional view taken along line aa of FIG. 3 (b). ,
FIG. 5B is a sectional view taken along line bb of FIG. 3B, and FIG.
FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along the line cc of FIG.

FIG. 6 is a view for explaining a method of compressing wastes by the compression device of the present invention, showing a state of supply and compression of wastes to a compression mold, and FIG. 6 (a) is a view of FIG. 3 (b). FIG. 6B is a cross-sectional view taken along line bb of FIG. 3B, and FIG. 6C is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along line cc of FIG. 3B.

FIG. 7 is a view for explaining a method of compressing waste by the compression device of the present invention, showing a state of cutting and compressing waste, and FIG. 7 (a) is a line aa of FIG. 3 (b). FIG. 7B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line bb of FIG.
FIG. 3C is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along the line cc of FIG.

FIG. 8 is a view for explaining a method of compressing waste by the compression apparatus of the present invention, showing a state of compression and discharge of waste, and FIG. 8 (a) is a cross section taken along line aa of FIG. 3 (b). FIG. 8B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line bb of FIG.
FIG. 3C is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along the line cc of FIG.

9 is a partially enlarged view near the outlet of the compression mold in the state of FIG. 8, FIG. 9 (a) is a side view, and FIG. 9 (b) is FIG.
FIG. 3A is a sectional view taken along line bb of FIG.

FIG. 10 shows the work flow from compressing and transporting a 1,000 kg cardboard box and processing time. FIG. 10 (a) shows a case where the compressing device of the present invention is used.
FIG. 10B shows the case where all the operations are performed manually, and FIG. 10C shows the case where a conventional paper compactor is used.

11 is a diagram for comparing the volume and the compressed density of the cardboard compressed by the method shown in FIG.

FIG. 12 is a view showing a processing capacity and a compression density when aluminum cans and PET bottles are compressed by the compression device of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

10: Compression device 20: Piston-shaped compression discharge member 30: Plate-shaped compression member 32, 34: Cutting blade 40: Outlet restraint member 42, 4
4: ridge 50: waste supply plate R: compression type B: block (waste) W1, W2: waste

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. A waste is put in a compression mold having a U-shaped cross section, and the waste is compressed in a width direction and a height direction of the compression mold by pressing the waste in a bottom direction of the compression mold. Then, while maintaining the state, the waste is pressed in the longitudinal direction of the compression mold by pressing the waste from the opposite side of the exit of the compression mold while giving resistance to the movement of the waste at the exit of the compression mold. A method for producing compressed waste, comprising compressing. 2. The method for producing a compressed waste according to claim 1, wherein in the step of pressing the waste toward the bottom of the compression mold, a portion protruding from the compression mold is cut. 3. The method for producing compressed waste according to claim 1, wherein the waste is discharged from the compression mold in the step of compressing the waste in the longitudinal direction. 4. A compression mold having a U-shaped cross section, a compression discharge member that moves forward and backward in the compression mold, a plate-like compression member that moves up and down in the bottom direction of the compression mold, and an outlet of the compression mold. Provided with an outlet restraint member movable in a direction of coming and going with respect to the bottom of the compression mold, wherein the waste put in the compression mold is, in the compression mold,
A waste compression device, wherein the compression die is compressed in a width direction, a height direction, and the longitudinal direction. 5. The waste compression apparatus according to claim 4, wherein a protrusion extending along a longitudinal direction of the compression die is provided on an outlet bottom surface of the compression die or a lower end surface of the pressing restraining member. 6. A cutting blade is provided at a lower end of the plate-shaped compression member or an upper end of the compression mold.
Or the waste compaction device of 5. 7. The waste compression apparatus according to claim 4, further comprising a waste input chamber provided with a waste supply plate adjacent to the compression mold. 8. A waste compacted from three directions orthogonal to each other.