KR0156774B1 - Compacter and method for compressing waste matter - Google Patents

Abstract

(Objective) To provide compactors and waste compression methods that do not require the opening of a bottle cap or a hole in a spray can.

(Configuration) It is a compactor in which a needle 31 for stabbing waste is provided with a magnetic cylinder mechanism that is ejected from the compression plate 32 by the hole opening cylinder 33.

Description

Compactors and Waste Compaction Methods

1 is an external perspective explanatory view of a compactor according to the present invention.

2 is a front explanatory diagram of a compactor according to the present invention.

3 is an explanatory view of the right side of a compactor according to the present invention.

4 is an explanatory diagram of the back of the compactor according to the present invention.

5 is an explanatory diagram of a rail for moving the compression unit.

6 is an explanatory view of the opening and closing gate of the hopper.

7 is an explanatory diagram of a return prevention pole.

8 is an explanatory diagram inside the compression unit.

9 is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which the stretchable body is extended.

10 is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which the stretch agent contracts.

11 is a plan explanatory view of a compression unit.

12 is an explanatory view of the left side of the compression unit.

13 is an explanatory diagram of a hydraulic circuit.

14 is a flowchart showing a waste treatment method according to the present invention.

15 is an explanatory front view of a conventional compactor.

16 is a plan explanatory diagram of a conventional compactor.

* Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings

1: compactor 2: compression unit

2a: Casing 2b: Rail

3: cover 4: emergency stop switch

5: compression switch 6: package switch

7 cable holding member 8 moving lever

9: door 9a: cover

9b: spring 9c: reverse reversal pole

10: opening and closing lever 11: slit

12: hopper 12a: slope

13 gate 14 control cable

15: Pedal 16: drop failure release

17: rail 18: drop failure release mechanism

18a: Tappet 18b: Branch

19: hydraulic unit 20: control panel

20a: start switch 21: compression cylinder

22: cylinder 23: piston rod

24: stretched body 25: Caesar link

25a: link member 25b, 25d: cross section

25c, 25e: shaft 26: connecting shaft

26a, 26b: Installation frame 27: Roller

28: compression portion 28a: rail

28b: top face 29: guide part

29a: guide rod 29b: pipe

30: hole opening plate 31: the needle

32: compression plate 33: hole opening cylinder

32a: hole 33a: cylinder

33b: cylinder rod 34: compression chamber

34a: inner wall 35: PET bottle

35a: Compression Material 36: Hydraulic Pump

36a: Motor 36b, 36c: Pump part

37,38: solenoid valve 39: screw feed mechanism

40: motor 16: expansion frame

42: compression plate 16: compression chamber

LS1 to LS7: Limit switch PS1, PS2: Pressure switch

Y1 to Y4: Euro

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention [0001] The present invention relates to a compact for compacting wastes such as containers made of synthetic resins containing beverages such as juices and water, empty cans, and various spray cans, and a method for compacting wastes.

Conventionally, glass bottles and glass bottles have been used as containers for beverages, but in recent years, containers made of pulley ethylene terephthalate (PET), so-called PET bottles, which have the advantage of being lightweight due to the enlargement of the containers, have become mainstream. Unlike glass containers, PET rice is discarded as it is because it is not cleaned and reused. The discarded PET bottles are recovered and separated from other wastes, collected and compressed in a constant manner before being incinerated or dumped.

On the other hand, after compression treatment with spray cans used as containers for roads, lubricants, deodorants, insecticides, hair dressings, etc., they are dumped or melted and used again in the manufacture of cans or other metal products.

In the compression process of such PET bottles and spray cans, a compression vessel or so-called compactor is used. As shown in Figs. 15 and 16, the compactor is compressed by a compression plate 42 provided at the lower end of the expansion and contraction frame 41, which is stretched by the rotation of the screw feed mechanism 39 driven by the motor 40. It is known to compress waste in the chamber 43 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 58-111196, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 55-33577, and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 55-26134). Moreover, it is known to fix a hydraulic cylinder or an air cylinder above a compression chamber, and to compress waste by the compression plate provided in the front-end | tip of a piston.

Waste bottles are hard to escape the air inside even if they are compressed in a closed cap, causing the compressed waste to become bulky. On the other hand, the spray can flows if there is excessive compression of the residual gas, there is a risk of explosion.

In order to eliminate these defects, it is conceivable to manually open the cap of the bottle or to puncture the spray can, but it is not practical as it is necessary to treat a large amount of waste in a short time.

In addition, the conventional compactor has a poor working efficiency because it is a structure in which waste is injected into the compression chamber by human hands every time the compression process is performed.

In addition, the conventional compactor has a limitation in processing capacity because it repeats the compression process of waste in a single compression chamber.

Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a compactor and a method for compressing waste which can further improve work efficiency and processing capacity by eliminating the need to open a cap of a bottle or to puncture a spray can.

The present invention is to solve all the problems of the prior art by organically combining the scissor link and the piston cylinder, and to solve the disadvantages of each other. That is, with the structure, the lifting body 30 which moves up and down by the predetermined lifting means 33 is provided above the said compression plate 32, and the said compression board 32 is attached to the lifting body 30. The penetrating needle member 31 is provided to protrude downward, and the needle member 31 can be projected downward from the compression plate 32 in accordance with the vertical movement of the lifting body 30.

Moreover, the hopper 12 provided with the opening-closing gate 13 which discharges waste is provided in the upper part of the said compression chamber 34. As shown in FIG.

Moreover, the said expansion body which has the said compression plate 32 and the said lifting body 30, respectively provided with the said hopper 12 corresponding to each compression chamber 34 by providing a plurality of said compression chamber 34 in parallel. (24) is provided as a compression unit (2) so as to be movable above the respective compression chambers (34).

In addition, the waste compression method capable of solving all the above-mentioned problems is to provide a compression plate 32 having a needle member 31 that can be mounted downward on the upper side of the compression chamber 34 containing the waste. When the waste is accommodated in the compression chamber 34, the compression plate 32 is lowered to preliminarily compress the waste, and the needle member 31 protrudes from the compression plate 32 to poke the waste. The waste member is immersed in the compression plate 32 and the compression plate 32 is lowered to compress the waste.

The volume of the compressed waste can be reduced by lowering the lifting body to rush the needle member and stabbing the waste to remove residual air or gas in the waste. When the needle member is immersed in the compression plate, the waste sticked by the needle member can be removed by the compression plate.

In addition, if a hopper having an opening and closing gate for discharging waste is provided above the compression chamber, the operation of the waste can be easily introduced into the compression chamber by an opening and closing operation of the gate at any point in time, thereby improving work efficiency.

Further, a plurality of the compression chambers are provided in parallel, and the hoppers corresponding to the compression chambers are provided, respectively, and the expansion and contraction body having the compression plate and the compression cylinder is used as a compression unit so as to be movable upward of each compression chamber. If installed, the waste can be put into another compression chamber while the compression preparation is performed in one compression chamber, so that the compression preparation can be performed, and the work efficiency and the processing performance can be improved.

In addition, after the compression plate preliminarily compresses the waste, residual air or gas in the waste is drawn out because the needle member pierces the precompressed waste, and after this compression, the volume of the compact can be further reduced. .

EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION Hereinafter, the structure of this invention is demonstrated based on drawing. 1 is an external perspective view of the compactor of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a front view, FIG. 3 is a right side view, and FIG. 4 is a back view. The compactor (1) is a hopper (12), (12) for installing a hydraulic drive compression unit (2) on the side of the compression chamber (34) and (34), which are installed in parallel, and for receiving waste in the upper rear of each compression chamber. It is configured by installing each. As shown in FIG. 5, the compression unit 2 is provided to be movable by accommodating the roller 17a in the cross-section c-shaped rail 17 provided on both compression chambers. Each hopper 12 is provided with a gate 13 for discharging the PET bottle to the compression chamber, and each gate steps on the pedal 15 (shown in FIG. 2) provided at the lower front center of the compactor. As shown in the figure, the control cables 14 are respectively opened. Each compression chamber 34 is provided with a door 9 which is opened and closed by the opening / closing lever 10 so that the compressed PET bottle can be taken out. 3 is a cover of the compression unit 2, 4 is an emergency stop switch, 5 is a compression switch, 6 is a package switch, 7 is a hydraulic cable connecting the compression unit 2 and the hydraulic unit 19 shown in FIG. And a cable holding member that is freely bent in accordance with the movement of the compression unit 2, 8 is a moving lever used as a handle at the same time as fixing the compression unit 2 to the rail 17, and 20 is a control panel. Represent each. 11 and 11 at the back of the door of FIG. 2 and the compression chamber of FIG. 4 are slits formed to pass a string for packing the compressed waste from the door to the back through the compression chamber.

Next, the structure of the compression unit 2 is demonstrated. 8 to 12 are explanatory views of the inside of the compression unit 2. As shown in FIG. 9, in the casing 2a of the compression unit 2, a pair of stretching bodies 24, 24 facing each other are axially rotatably supported at their upper ends. ) Is held at a predetermined height above the compression chamber 34 by accommodating the inside of the rail 2b in the cross-section C formed on the upper surface of the casing 2a. Each of the expansion and contraction bodies 24 has a plate-shaped link member 25a. It is achieved by rotationally supporting the scissor links 25, which are freely combined in the X phase at the intersections, by rotating the shafts freely by the connecting shafts 26 at the upper and lower ends thereof. The upper tip between which the shaft is supported by the shaft is freely axially supported by the connecting shaft 26. The piston rod 23 that expands and contracts in the compression direction in the cylinder portion 22 between the stretching agents 24 facing each other. Is provided with a compression cylinder 21. The cylinder portion 22 has an installation frame 26a. And the mounting frame 26a is axially supported by the shaft 25c at the intersection 25b of each of the upper scissor links, and the tip of the piston rod 23 is fixed to the mounting frame 26b. The mounting frame 26b is axially supported by the shaft 25e at the intersection 25d of each of the lower scissor links.

At the lower end of each stretchable body 24, a box-shaped compressing portion 28 having a compression plate 32 for compressing a PET bottle on the bottom thereof, as shown in FIG. 12, compresses the roller 27 at the lower end of each stretchable body. It is provided by accommodating in rail 28a of cross section C-shape formed in the edge of the upper surface of 28. As shown in FIG. In the compression part 28, the hole opening plate 30 which vertically installed the plurality of needles 31 in the shape of a checkerboard on the lower surface is freely provided. The hole opening plate 30 is moved up and down by expansion and contraction of the piston rod 33b of the two hole opening cylinders 33 installed on the upper surface of the compression section 28. Each needle 31 is projected from the bottom surface of the compression plate 32 via a hole 32a bored in the compression plate 32. Since the hole opening cylinder 33 is installed diagonally in the compression section 28 as shown in the plan view of FIG. 11, the force applied to the hole opening plate 30 when the needle 31 is used to pierce the PET bottle. In order to equalize, the two guide parts 29 are provided on different diagonal lines. The guide rod 29a constituting the guide portion 29 vertically penetrates through the hole opening plate 30 and the upper surface 28b of the compression portion 28 on the compression plate 32, as shown in FIG. The guide rod 29a is inserted into the pipe 29b vertically installed on the hole opening plate 30 so that the pipe 29b moves the guide rod 29a in accordance with the lifting and lowering of the hole opening plate 30. It is supposed to go up and down along.

13 is an explanatory diagram of a hydraulic circuit used for this compactor. 36 shows a hydraulic pump, and is provided with the motor 36a, the pump part 36b which drive by it, and the pump part 36c for quick feed. Each pump portion is passed through the solenoid valve 37, through the flow paths Y1 and Y2, to the compression cylinder 21, through the solenoid valve 38, and through the flow paths Y3 and Y4. It is connected to the open cylinder 33. LS1 is a limit switch for detecting the rising position of the cylinder portion 22, LS2 is a limit switch for detecting the falling position, LS3 is a limit switch for detecting the upper limit position of the pipe 29b of the guide portion 29, LS4 is a pipe Limit switch for detecting the lower limit position, LS5 and LS6 is a limit switch for detecting the opening and closing of the door 9, LS7 is a limit switch for detecting the lower position of the compression unit 28, PS1 is a compression cylinder (21) The pressure switch which detects the oil pressure of the compression cylinder 21 and the pressure switch which detects that the pre-compression is complete | finished, and PS2 respectively represent the pressure switch which detects that this compression is complete | finished.

Next, the operation of this compactor will be described based on the hydraulic circuit of FIG. 13 and the flowchart of FIG. Currently, the compression unit is located on the compression chamber on the left side of the drawing as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, and each of the expansion and contraction bodies in the compression unit is in a contracted state as shown in Fig. 10. First, the packing string is first made to pass through the compression chamber from each slit 11 of the door 9 to the slit 11 on the back side. When the start switch 20a of the control panel 20 shown in FIG. 4 is rotated to the start position, the hydraulic circuit operates (step 1 (S1)), and when the left pedal 15 is pressed (S2), the left hopper 12 ), The gate 13 is opened via the control cable 14 (S3), and the PET bottle in the hopper falls into the compression chamber 34 (S4). At this time, when the PET bottle is not blocked by the gate or slipped from the inclined surface of the hopper (12a in FIG. 6), the drop failure shown in FIG. 3 is stepped by stepping on the drop failure release pedal 16 shown in FIG. The tappet 18a of the release mechanism 18 rotates about the point 18b in the direction of the inclined surface 12a, and the tip of the tappet 18a protrudes from the hole drilled in the inclined surface, and the PET bottle on the inclined surface is pushed up to fall off. Is released. After confirming that the PET bottle has reached a certain amount, pressing the compression switch 5 (S5) activates the hydraulic pump 36 and simultaneously opens the solenoid valve 37 of the hydraulic circuit, and the hydraulic oil flows into the flow path Y1. After passing through to the compression cylinder 21, the piston rod 23 of the compression cylinder 21 starts the expansion.

At this time, since the lower scissor links 25 and 25 are axially supported at the distal end of the piston rod 23 via the mounting frame 26b, they are pushed down in the compression chamber direction by the extension of the piston rod 23. On the other hand, the cylinder portion 22 is pushed upward by the reaction of the stretching force of the piston rod 23, but the upper scissor links 25, 25 through the mounting frame 26a of the cylinder portion 22 Since the shaft is supported, it is pushed up by the rise of the cylinder portion 22. Thus, the lower scissor link is pushed down by the expansion of the piston rod, and the upper scissor link is pushed up by the rise of the cylinder part, so that the entire stretched body is stretched or the compression section 28 is lowered. At this time, the roll furnaces 27 and 27 provided at the upper end of each stretchable body 24 move while rotating the inside of the rail 2b formed in the upper part of the casing 12a toward the rail center, and each stretchable body 24 is carried out. The rollers 27 and 27 provided at the lower end of the rollers 27 and 27 move while rotating toward the center of the rail 28a formed in the upper portion of the compression unit 28. Thus, the compression part 28 provided in the lower end of each scissor link descends the inside of the compression chamber 34 along the inner wall 34a, and the compression plate 32 precompresses a PET bottle (S6).

The pressing force of the preliminary compression is detected as a change in the hydraulic pressure by the pressure switch PS1 connected to the flow path Y1, and when the pressure value set in advance in the sequencer is reached, the solenoid valve 38 is opened to operate, and the hydraulic oil is flow path ( It is sent out to the hole opening cylinders 33 and 33 via Y3), and each piston rod 33b extends | stretches, respectively. Therefore, the hole opening plate 30 is lowered, and the needle 31,. (31) holes 32a formed in the compression plate 32 in a perforated manner. , 32a penetrates from the compression surface of the compression plate (S7), and pre-compresses the compressed bottle (S8). This allows the residual air in the PET bottle to be taken out. When the lower limit position of the pipe 29b is detected by the limit switch LS4, the lowering stops and the ascending starts, and the needle 31 digs into the compression plate (S9). At this time, the compressed object stuck to the needle falls into a shape in which the needle is pulled out by the compression plate. Next, the hole opening cylinder 33 detects the upper end of the pipe 29b of the guide portion 29 by the limit switch LS3, and stops the operation. The needle 31 returns to its original position. In addition, when the opening cylinder 33 is operated, a timer is started. When the limit switch LS4 is not turned on even after a certain time, the opening cylinder 33 is contracted and the piston rod 33b is originally operated. Since the needle is returned to the position of, the needle does not bend or break even when the needle touches solid waste, and the work does not stall.

Then, the compression cylinder 21 is operated to further extend the piston rod 23, and the compression plate 32 compresses the pre-compressed PET bottle. This compression force is detected by the pressure switch PS2 as the hydraulic pressure of the compression cylinder 21. When the pressure reaches the preset pressure value, the compression is stopped, the piston rod 23 contracts and the cylinder portion 22 The lift operation works, and both the stretch bodies 24 contract. When the upper limit position LS1 of the cylinder portion detects the cylinder portion, the operation of the compression cylinder stops.

In addition, although the pumping part 36c for the first time initially operates simultaneously with the pump part 36b so that the piston rod may reach the upper end of the waste quickly, the preliminary compression or the main compression is started, and when the pressing force becomes higher than the set value, the relief The valve is closed to return the working oil to the tank, and pressurization thereafter is performed at the pump section 36b. It is also possible to simultaneously operate the compression cylinder and the hole opening cylinder to simultaneously advance precompression and stabbing.

Next, the moving lever 8 is pulled straight forward to release the lock, the moving lever 8 is held, and the compression unit 2 is moved onto the compression chamber 34 on the right side of the drawing. Then, by pressing the pedal 15 on the right side, the gate 13 of the right hopper 12 is opened, the PET bottle is dropped into the compression chamber 34 on the right side, and the compression switch 5 is pressed to press the compression stroke as described above. Do it. Thus, several cycles, for example, 4 to 5 cycles, are repeated with one cycle of the compression process in the left and right compression chambers. Then, when the compressed PET bottle is accumulated and performed, the lowest point position of the compression plate 32 at the time of compression becomes high, and the limit switch LS2 is not turned ON. When the compression is performed in this case and the pressing force of the compression cylinder reaches a predetermined value, it is detected by the sequencer, and a predetermined buzzer rings to inform the worker that the packing is in the packing state, and at the same time, the compression cylinder 21 is raised to the packing standby state. Becomes Next, the compression unit 2 is once moved onto the compression chamber 34 on the opposite side, and the packing string is passed from the slit 11 of the door 9 to the slit 11 of the compression chamber. Return (2) to the original compression chamber. When the package switch 6 is pressed, the compression cylinder 21 moves downward, and the compression plate 32 performs this compression again to stop. Next, in the present compressed state, the strings first made through the slit and the strings made after the compression are knotted and packed, and the compression switch 21 is raised by pressing the package switch 6, and the same applies to the other compression chamber. The packing is carried out through the packing process, the door 9 is opened by operating the opening / closing lever 10, and the packed compressed material is conveyed to a card or the like.

In addition, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 7, since the plurality of return preventing poles 9c are provided on the inner wall surface of each compression chamber 34, the compressed material 35a is restored to its original volume after the compression plate is raised. Even if it attempts to do so, it is fixed by the return prevention cloth and the expansion is prevented. In addition, when the return prevention pole 9c is pushed down by the compression plate at the time of compression, it is accommodated in the cover 9a with the installation shaft 9d as a point, and when the compression plate is raised to the original position by the spring 9b. It is supposed to return.

Thus, according to this compactor, precompression is performed before the present compression, and a needle is pierced in the PET bottle so that residual air escapes, so that manual work of opening the cap before compression is unnecessary, and the volume of the compressed product can be further reduced. In addition, since the expansion and contraction body is constructed by a compression cylinder installed in the expansion and contraction body, the expansion and contraction can be compressed at a constant pressing force from the beginning to the end of the stretching stroke. It is located in a symmetrical position with respect to the direction, and since the pressing force is applied evenly to the whole compression plate, uniform compression can be performed on the compression surface. Moreover, since a compression cylinder is installed between both expansion and contraction bodies, and it moves up and down according to expansion and contraction of an expansion and contraction body, all heights of a compactor can be designed low. In addition, since the compression chamber is provided in parallel and the compression unit can move each compression chamber, the compression chamber has a greater processing capacity than a single one. In addition, since the stroke length and the receiving width at the time of contraction can be easily changed only by changing the length of the link member of the scissor link, the size of the compression chamber can be easily changed.

In addition, although the case where the PET bottle was compressed in the said Example was demonstrated, it can be used also for the compression process of other wastes, such as spray cans and the like which need to be drilled before compression. In the case of compressing waste which is not necessary for drilling, the operation of the hole opening cylinder may be stopped, and only compression by the compression plate may be performed without the needle protruding from the compression plate. Each cylinder may also be air driven in addition to hydraulic drive. In addition, the number of compression chambers and hoppers may be three or more, and the compression unit may be moved by motor drive.

According to the present invention, since the residual air or gas of the waste can be taken out by the needle member, the volume of the waste to be compressed can be reduced, and the risk of explosion such as a spray can is also eliminated. Further, by providing a hopper having an opening and closing gate on the compression chamber, waste can be easily introduced into the compression chamber at any time. In addition, a plurality of compression chambers and the hoppers corresponding to the respective compression chambers are provided, and a compression plate, a lifting body, or the like is installed as a compression unit so as to be movable above the respective compression chambers, thereby improving processing capacity. have.

Claims (4)

In the compactor 1 which compresses and reduces waste in the compression chamber 34 by the compression plate 32, a lifting body which moves up and down by a predetermined lifting means 33 above the compression plate 32 ( 30), the needle member 31 which can penetrate the compression plate 32 to the lifting body 30 is protruded downward, and the needle member (according to the vertical movement of the lifting body 30) A compactor, characterized in that 31) can be projected downward from the compression plate (32). The compactor according to claim 1, wherein a hopper (12) having an opening / closing gate (13) for discharging wastes is provided above the compression chamber (34). 3. The compression plate 32 and the lifting body (3) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a plurality of the compression chambers (34) are provided in parallel, and the hoppers (12) corresponding to each compression chamber (34) are provided. 30. The compactor, characterized in that the expansion body (24) having a 30) is provided as a compression unit (2) so as to be movable above the respective compression chambers (34). When the waste is accommodated in the compression chamber 34 by installing a compression plate 32 having a needle member 31 that can be sunk downwardly above the compression chamber 34 containing the waste, the compression plate 32. Lower the preliminary compression of the waste, protrude the needle member 31 from the compression plate 32 to poke the waste, immerse the needle member 31 in the compression plate 32, and The compression method of the waste, characterized in that to compress the waste by lowering the compression plate (32).