JPH07247192A - Promoter for composting - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a promoter for composting capable of carrying out the composting treatment of the plant remains even at a low temperature. CONSTITUTION:This powdery promoter for composting is obtained by selecting a mold NP-350 which is an aerobic fungus of the species Apiospermum of the genus Scedosporium from a microorganism group contained in soil, culturing the selected mold in a potato dextrose agar culture medium, carrying out the solid culture of the mold NP-350 and then finely pulverize the culture. Since the mold NP-350 has the ability to decompose cellulose which is a main component of plants and further psychrophilic properties, the plant remains can be decomposed to promote the composting even at low temperatures.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a composting accelerator used for composting plant remains such as deciduous leaves, dead grass and rice straw.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventional fertilization methods are usually carried out using chemical fertilizers. However, the use of chemical fertilizers in this method deteriorates soil and reduces fertility, which causes various plant diseases and pests. There is a problem that the resistance to Therefore, by applying organic matter compost obtained by composting plant remains such as deciduous leaves, dead grass, and rice straw to soil, paddy fields, orchards, etc., useful microorganisms in the soil can be propagated to restore soil fertility. Attention has been paid. Such an organic matter compost has been conventionally produced by mixing a fungus body having an action of promoting composting with a plant body and leaving it to humus the plant.

[0003]

However, in the above method, since the progress of composting depends on the properties of the composting-promoting cells, the composting is promoted under conditions suitable for the growth of the cells. For example, there is a problem that composting is not promoted under conditions unsuitable for the growth of bacterial cells, such as under low temperature. Therefore, the temperature suitable for the growth of bacterial cells is generally 10 ° C.
Since the temperature is preferably 20 ° C. or higher, high-quality organic compost is produced in a relatively short period in the season when the temperature is about this level. For example, in the winter when the temperature is 5 ° C. or lower, most of the compost is formed. It was difficult to produce organic compost because it did not progress.

The present invention has been made under such circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a composting accelerator capable of performing composting treatment of plant remains even at low temperatures. is there.

[0005]

The present invention provides a filamentous fungus NP-
350 is an active ingredient.

[0006]

[Function] The genus and species are Scedosporium and Ap, respectively.
Filamentous fungus NP- which is an aerobic bacterium of iospermum
350 is selectively cultivated from the bacteria group contained in the soil to obtain a composting promoter containing this filamentous fungus NP-350 as an active ingredient. Since the filamentous fungus NP-350 has the ability to decompose cellulose, which is the main component of plants, and has a psychrophilic property, it can decompose plant remains and promote composting even at low temperatures.

[0007]

[Example] The composting promoting agent of the present invention has an accession number FER
MP-14027 Filamentous fungus Scedosporium
Apiospermum (hereinafter referred to as filamentous fungus NP-350) is used as an active ingredient. For example, the filamentous fungus NP-350 is solid-cultured and then finely pulverized into powder.

The present inventors have an object to perform composting treatment of plant remains such as deciduous leaves, dead grass and rice straw in extremely cold regions or cold regions. We paid attention to the fact that microorganisms capable of decomposing cellulose, which is a component, could decompose plant remains and promote composting even at low temperatures. Therefore, when a microorganism having a cellulose decomposing ability in a low temperature region was searched for in soil in a cold region, filamentous fungus N
The present invention was completed by discovering P-350 and succeeding in selective culture.

This filamentous fungus NP-350 has Scedosporiu of genus and species obtained by culturing by the present inventors.
m, Apiospermum, an aerobic filamentous fungus, for example, Potato D having the composition shown in Table 1.
extrose Agar medium and Malt Extra
Using ct Agar medium, adjust the pH of the medium to 4.6-
After being adjusted to 4.8, it was obtained by selective culturing from a group of bacteria contained in the soil collected in Nagano Prefecture at a culturing temperature of 20 ° C. Further, it is desirable that the culture temperature is 25 ° C or lower.

[0010]

[Table 1] And the filamentous fungus NP-3 obtained by the solid culture in this way
For example, 50 is finely pulverized into a powder form, which is sprayed on or mixed with a plant body to produce a compost of a plant to produce an organic compost.

Next, an example of an experiment conducted to confirm the effect of the composting accelerator of the present invention will be described. Experimental Example 1 Sunflower seed residue 500 kg, rice husk 500
After the plant body consisting of kg, 8 kg of ammonium sulfate and 4 kg of a composting accelerator consisting of filamentous fungus NP-350 were mixed to set a test section, the plant was allowed to stand at a temperature of -3 to 5 ° C for 4 months, and the plant The body was composted to produce organic compost. The humus degree, water content, and
The pH, total nitrogen concentration, and total carbon concentration were measured, and the carbon rate (total carbon amount of organic compost / total nitrogen amount of organic compost) was calculated. As a comparative experiment, the same experiment was conducted by setting a section (control section) to which the composting accelerator was not added.
The results are shown in Table 2.

[0012]

[Table 2] Experimental Example 2 Sunflower seed residue 500 kg, rice husk 500
A plant body consisting of kg was mixed with 4 kg of a composting promoter composed of filamentous fungus NP-350 to set a test section, and a group to which the composting promoter was not added was set as a comparative experiment, and the temperature- The same experiment as in Experimental Example 1 was performed under 3 to 5 ° C. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0013]

[Table 3] [Experimental example 3] 18000 kg of bark, 35 bacas cake
400kg of plant body and 1000k of dried chicken manure
g, 300 kg urea, 150 kg oil cake, and filamentous fungus NP-
A test section was set by mixing with 50 kg of a composting accelerator composed of 350, and a section in which the composting accelerator was not added was set as a comparative experiment, and an experiment similar to that of Experimental Example 1 was performed under the temperature of 2 to 5 ° C. I went. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0014]

[Table 4] [Experimental Example 4] A plant body consisting of 1000 kg of bark,
55 kg of ammonium sulfate and 40 kg of a composting accelerator composed of filamentous fungus NP-350 were mixed to set a test section, and as a comparative experiment, a section to which the composting accelerator was not added was set, and the temperature was 2 to 5 ° C. Then, the same experiment as in Experimental Example 1 was performed. The results are shown in Table 5.

[0015]

[Table 5] [Experimental Example 5] Plant remains consisting of 4800 kg of softened and hulled rice husks, 50 kg of ammonium sulfate, and filamentous fungus NP-350.
5 kg of the composting accelerator consisting of is set as a test section, and a section where no composting accelerator is added is set as a comparative experiment, and the same experiment as in Experimental Example 1 is performed under the temperature of 2 to 5 ° C. went. The results are shown in Table 6.

[0016]

[Table 6] [Experimental Example 6] A plant body composed of 3000 kg of softened and husks, 27.5 kg of ammonium sulfate, and filamentous fungus NP-3
An experiment similar to that of Experimental Example 1 was performed under a temperature of 2 to 5 ° C. by setting a test section by mixing with 3 kg of a composting accelerator consisting of 50 and setting a section in which a composting accelerator was not added as a comparative experiment. I went. The results are shown in Table 7.

[0017]

[Table 7] [Experimental Example 7] A plant body composed of 500 kg of rice straw, 10 kg of ammonium sulfate, and 4 kg of a composting accelerator composed of filamentous fungus NP-350 were mixed to set a test section, and a composting accelerator was used as a comparative experiment. The same experiment as in Experimental Example 1 was performed under the condition that the temperature was kept at 2 to 5 ° C. and the period was left for 2 months. The results are shown in Table 8.

[0018]

[Table 8] [Experimental Example 8] A plant body composed of 500 kg of bark, 10 kg of chicken feces, and 4 kg of a composting promoter composed of filamentous fungus NP-350 were mixed to set a test section, and a composting promoter was added as a comparative experiment. Set a ward that does not, temperature 2
An experiment similar to that of Experimental Example 1 was performed at -8 ° C. The results are shown in Table 9.

[0019]

[Table 9] [Experimental Example 9] A plant body consisting of 250 kg of rice straw and 1250 kg of sawdust, 3000 kg of pig manure, 500 kg of sawdust pig, 20 kg of urea, and filamentous fungus NP-350.
20 kg of a composting accelerator consisting of is set as a test section, and a section where no composting accelerator is added is set as a comparative experiment, and the same experiment as in Experimental Example 1 is performed under an air temperature of 2 to 5 ° C. went. The results are shown in Table 10.

[0020]

[Table 10] From the above experimental results, the following was confirmed. That is, in Experimental Examples 1 to 9, filamentous fungus NP-35 was used in all cases.
Since the organic matter compost obtained by adding the composting accelerator consisting of 0 has a higher degree of humus, the composting accelerator containing the filamentous fungus NP-350 as an active ingredient is not more than 5 ° C in temperature.
Even at low temperatures below ℃, it has the resolution of plant remains,
It was confirmed that the composting process could proceed.

As the plant remains, sunflower seed residues, bark, bacas cake, puffed rice hulls, rice straw, sawdust, etc. were used. In each case, the degree of humus was higher than that of the comparative example. It was confirmed that the composting promoter containing fungus NP-350 as an active ingredient can be applied to various plants.

It is known that the moisture content of high quality organic compost is about 60% and the pH is about 7.0.
The organic matter compost produced using the composting accelerator composed of the filamentous fungus NP-350 has a water content of about 60%, although there are some differences depending on the plant remains as raw materials and the added material.
Since the pH is around 7.0, the filamentous fungus NP-350
It was confirmed that a good quality organic matter compost can be produced by using the composting accelerator consisting of. The water content of the organic compost is adjusted by adding a water adjusting agent.

In addition, in each of the experimental examples, ammonium sulfate, dried chicken manure, urea, oil dregs, pig manure, etc. are added in addition to the composting accelerator, but these have been conventionally used to promote composting. It is added to reduce the carbon content of organic matter compost. That is, the carbon rate is calculated by (carbon content of organic matter compost) / (nitrogen content of organic matter compost), and it means that the higher the carbon rate, the more difficult it is to decompose by microorganisms. Since only there is present, it is necessary to increase the proportion of nitrogen, which is why it is added.

As described above, the composting accelerator of the present invention has the ability to decompose cellulose, which is the main component of plants, and the filamentous fungus NP-350, which has a psychrophilicity, as an active ingredient. It has the ability to decompose plant remains even in the low temperature period. Therefore, by using this composting accelerator, it is possible to promote composting of plant remains and produce a high-quality organic matter compost even in low temperatures and seasons such as winter and cold regions.

In the above, the composting promoter of the present invention is a fungal composting promoter containing other microorganisms as a component.
It may be configured by mixing P-350.

[0026]

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY According to the present invention, a filamentous fungus having the ability to decompose cellulose, which is a main component of plants, and having a psychrophilicity, was found, and a composting accelerator containing the filamentous fungus as an active ingredient was constructed. Therefore, the composting process of the plant can be performed even at a low temperature.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A composting accelerator containing filamentous fungus NP-350 as an active ingredient.