JPH07236355A - Culture medium for cultivating mushroom - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a culture medium for cultivating mushrooms, useful for Pholiota nameko S. Ito et Imai, Flammulina velutipes Sing. etc., readily available at a low cost and improved in yield by using a pulverized substance of a malvaceous plant. CONSTITUTION:This culture medium for cultivating mushrooms is obtained by using a dried pulverized substance of a malvaceous plant such as Hibiscus cannabinus L. and/or Hibiscus sobdariffa L. The particle diameter of the substance is 40-90 mesh (a Tyler standard sieve). Furthermore, not only a substrate part of the malvaceous plant but also a bast part thereof can be used as the pulverized substance of the malvaceous plant.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a culture medium for cultivating mushrooms, and more particularly to a culture medium for cultivating mushrooms in the artificial cultivation of mushrooms.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, edible mushrooms have been cultivated by hodaki using raw wood, but this method has a drawback that the yield is greatly affected by climatic conditions because the raw wood is used. Therefore, in recent years, when cultivating nameko, only mushrooms, sawdust such as beech and oak, water on chaff, etc.,
By blending rice bran, soybean dregs, corn blanc, etc. into a suitable container such as a bag or bottle, heat sterilizing and cooling, inoculate with mushroom inoculum, and keep the temperature, humidity, and ventilation appropriate. An excellent artificial cultivation method has been established that can surely harvest mushrooms over time. By this method, mushrooms can be harvested stably without being affected by the climate throughout the year.

[0003]

As described above, in the above-mentioned artificial cultivation method, broad-leaved trees such as beech and oak are most commonly used as the main raw material of the culture medium for cultivation and most suitable for cultivation. From the standpoint of forest protection, the supply of sawdust from these trees is decreasing, making it difficult to secure raw materials.

Therefore, the problem to be solved by the present invention is as follows.
It is to newly develop a culture medium for mushroom cultivation, which can be obtained at low cost and can expect a stable mushroom yield.

[0005]

This problem is solved by using a pulverized product of the mallow family as the main component of the culture medium for mushroom cultivation.

The present inventor has continued research to solve the above problems, but in this research, he continued research based on a completely new idea of using a mallow family plant as a culture medium for mushroom cultivation. As a result, the present invention has been completed. As the mallow family, Hibiscus cannabinus and Hibiscus sovdarifa can be used, and as the pulverized product, a dried particle having a particle size of 40 to 90 mesh can be used to solve the problem of the present invention. It

[0007]

[Function and Structure] Conventionally, the mallow family plants use the cellulose fibers obtained from the bast of their stems as hemp bags and fishing nets. Recently, hibiscus cannabinus and hibiscus sovdarifa belonging to the mallow family have been attracting attention as pulp raw materials for papermaking.

This is because these grow well even in the wasteland, and the growth speed reaches several meters in about half a year, and the fibers of the bast part are tough and have a long fiber length.

The present inventors have noticed that such mallow family kenaf, among others, kenaf is a fast-growing annual plant and has very little tannin, which is a factor that inhibits the growth of mushrooms, and uses it as a culture medium for mushroom cultivation. Based on the idea that it could not be used, and based on this, as a result of continuing the research, it was found that the pulverized product of the mallow family was extremely suitable as a culture medium for mushroom cultivation, and the present invention was completed.

Hibiscus cannabinu is a typical example of the mallow family plant used in the present invention.
s L. and Hibiscus sodbariffa L., the former being Kenaf, D
eccan hemp, Bombay hemp, Bimlipatam jute, Hemp hib
iscus (UK), Patson ambari [Hindu], Mesta pat
Called [Bengal], Sujjado [Sind], Ambadi [Malatta], Pundi [Kannada] (India), Jiljil (Iraq), Hab-el-zalim (Arab), Paw dai (Thailand), hemp (China) etc. Some of them are included in the latter
lle, Jamaica sorrel (UK), Lalambari [Hindu], M
esta [Bengal], Polechi [Malayalam], Pundibija
[Kannada] (India), Rota-bilincha [Shinhari], Pulincha-kira [Tamil] (Sri Lanka), Asam
Some are called susur (Malaya), Gamet walanda (Sunda) (Indonesia), Kachiebpriew (Thailand), Rosa de Jamaina (Spain), Vinagreira (Portugal), Baikai Eggplant (China), Solernoki, etc. These are particularly preferable among the mallow family plants in terms of their culturing effect.

Other mallow family plants include okra, yellow-tailed velvet, velvetleaf, bouma, velvetleaf, velvetleaf, periwinkle, mosquito, yellow croaker, kitemen, brazilian cotton, white cotton cotton,
Examples include Kebukawata, Kenaf, Yamafu, Trolooi, Bousouquet, Roselle, Furynbunsouge, Touhoubou, Lagunaria, Himebussouge, Tairinbussouge, Janonebondenka, Pavonia, and Saxima hambour.

The crushed product of the mallow family used in the present invention can be used not only the woody part of the mallow family but also the bast, and these are usually crushed to a particle size of about 20 to 150 mesh (Tyler sieve). And more preferably, it is used as a pulverized product having a particle size of about 40 to 90 mesh. In particular, the woody part of the mallow family is useful in the present invention, and the woody part can be crushed and used after peeling the bast and using it for papermaking.

The crushed product of the present invention is preferably a dried product, but in some cases, a non-dried product can also be used. Drying at this time is performed for the purpose of facilitating pulverization and improving storage.

The culture medium of the present invention can be used not only by using 100% of the pulverized product of the mallow family plant, but also by mixing it with a conventional culture medium. Examples of the conventional culture medium at this time include those containing sawdust such as beech and oak as a main component, but other crushed hardwoods can also be used in combination. When beech or oak is mixed, the mixing ratio is not particularly limited.

Like the conventional culture medium, the culture medium in the present invention may be used by appropriately blending various other components. Examples of other components in this case include rice bran, bran, soybean meal, corn blanc, dried okara, and the like.

When cultivating mushrooms using the culture medium of the present invention, there is no particular difference from the conventional culture conditions, and they can be cultured according to the conventional culture conditions.

Examples of mushrooms that can be cultivated using the culture medium of the present invention include shiitake mushrooms and nameko mushrooms, as well as hiratake mushrooms, only mushrooms, and maitake mushrooms, as described in Examples below.

When culturing mushrooms using the culture medium of the present invention, the yield is increased as compared with the culture medium which is conventionally considered by mixing chaff, palm peat, corn cob and the like with beech and oak. Has a remarkable effect. Therefore, in the present invention, it is possible to constantly and stably secure the culture medium, and even without using sawdust such as oak or beech as in the conventional case, the same or more harvest amount as when using these beech or oak sawdust. Now you can grow mushrooms.

[0019]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be specifically described with reference to the following examples.

[0020]

Example 1 The bast of the stalk of kenaf belonging to the mallow family was peeled off, air-dried for 2-3 days and dried, and these were crushed with a wood crusher to obtain 70 mesh (Tyler sieve, the same applies hereinafter). A dry powder that passed was obtained. The dried powder of kenaf and the beech sawdust that has been conventionally used as a culture medium for mushroom cultivation are dried in a weight ratio of 100: 0 and 70: 3, respectively.
0, 50:50, 30:70, 20:80, 10:90
To obtain a kenaf mixture. Water and nutrients were added to these mixtures, and the mixture was thoroughly kneaded with a mixer over time, and 600 g of these samples were filled in a polypropylene bag to make one ball. The amount of bran was 5% and rice bran was 5%, and the water content was 63% with respect to the total weight of the medium.

Ten samples of each sample were prepared, and instead of the above mixture, only the conventional sawdust of beech was subjected to the same treatment as a reference example. Seal these samples and
Within 12 hours after sterilizing with steam at 20 ℃ for 90 minutes
Cooled to 5 ° C. After cooling, each bead was inoculated with 8 g of nameko inoculum cultured on beech sawdust, and the relative humidity was 60 at 15 to 20 ° C.
Culture was performed under conditions of not more than%, paying attention to ventilation. After culturing for about 2 months, mycelia propagated throughout. This was transferred to a generating chamber at room temperature of 13 ° C. and subjected to thermal stimulation for 3 days. After that, the room temperature was set to 15 ° C., water was supplied by a humidifier or manual water spraying twice or three times daily, and attention was always paid to ventilation so that the carbon dioxide concentration was 1500 ppm or less.

When this state was maintained for 2 weeks, buds appeared. We reduced the humidification because the mushrooms adjust the water content when the shoots are aligned. Mushrooms grown to a suitable size were harvested from the roots for several days. With proper temperature, humidity and ventilation, a second harvest was made after 7 days. Table 1 shows the yield of nameko fruiting bodies.

The respective harvested amounts when the harvested amount of the reference example was set to 100 are represented as ST comparison.

[0024]

[Table 1]

[0025]

Comparative Example 1 Rice husks and palm peat were mixed with beech and tested in the same manner as described above. Table 2 shows the case of chaff and Table 3 shows the case of palm peat.
Incidentally, the ST comparison is shown as in Table 1.

[0026]

[Table 2]

[0027]

[Table 3]

As is clear from Tables 1, 2 and 3, the culture medium of the present invention is compared with a culture medium using a conventional beech, and compared with a culture medium obtained by mixing a thing such as rice husk or palm peat with beech. It can be seen that the same or higher yield can be obtained.

[0029]

Example 2 The bast of the stalk of kenaf belonging to the mallow family was peeled off and dried by air-drying for 2 to 3 days, and these were pulverized with a pulverizer for wood to obtain a dry powder that passed through 80 mesh. It was The dry weight ratio of the dried powder of kenaf and the sawdust of beech, which has been conventionally used as a culture medium for mushroom cultivation, are 40:60, 30:70, 20:80, 1 respectively.
It was blended at 0:90 to obtain a kenaf mixture. Water and nutrients were added to these mixtures, and the mixture was sufficiently kneaded with a mixer over a period of time, and 1.2 kg of these samples were filled in a polypropylene bag to give a single culture substrate for cultivation. At this time, the amount of bran was 5%, the amount of rice bran was 5%, and the water content was 63% with respect to the weight of the medium. Each sample is made 10 balls,
Further, in place of the above mixture, a conventional beech sawdust subjected to the same treatment was referred to as Reference Example 1, and a Japanese oak sawdust subjected to the same treatment was referred to as Reference Example 2.

These samples were sterilized by heating with steam at 120 ° C. for 120 minutes and then cooled to 15 ° C. within 12 hours.
After cooling, 20 g of inoculum of shiitake cultivated on beech sawdust was inoculated into each ball and cultivated for 120 days under conditions of 20 to 22 ° C. and relative humidity of 60% or more while paying attention to ventilation. The first 4 at this time
Dark culture was performed for 0 days, and light culture was performed thereafter. When the culture was completed, it was transferred to a generating chamber at room temperature of 15 to 20 ° C., the bag was removed, the medium was left naked, and the generating operation was performed. By sprinkling 2-3 times daily, buds were generated in about 10 days by maintaining an appropriate water content. When the buds had grown, observe the condition and refrain from watering so that they would not become mushrooms. Mushrooms grown to an appropriate size were cut and harvested from stainless steel with scissors made of stainless steel. After harvesting, they rested for the next outbreak. During the rest period, water was sprayed 2-3 times daily to retain water. Three weeks after the generation operation, water was immersed in water having a water temperature of 15 to 16 ° C. for 15 hours.
After the completion of the inundation, the plants were harvested and rested under the same management as before, and inundated 3 weeks after the previous inundation, and this was repeated to obtain a total of 4 harvests. The yield of shiitake fruit bodies is shown below. In addition, each harvested amount when the harvested amount of the reference example was set to 100 was represented as ST contrast.

[0031]

[Comparative Example 2] In the above-mentioned Example 2, instead of the dry powder mixture of kenaf and beech, 1 part of palm peat and beech was used.
Comparative examples 1 and 2 were prepared by using the mixture of 0:90 and 20:80, and otherwise treating as in Example 2. The results are shown in Table 4 together with the above examples.

[0032]

[Table 4]

As is apparent from Table 4, the culture medium of the present invention can obtain the same or higher yield as compared with the conventional culture medium using beech, oak, etc. In addition, a marked increase in yield can be expected as compared with the culture medium which is a mixture of beech, oak, etc. and palm peat which has been conventionally studied.

It is considered that these are due to the fact that the mallow family used in the present invention generally has a very low tannin content and a high hemicellulose content, and from the viewpoint of forest protection, the mallow family is a mushroom. It can be said that the material is extremely suitable for cultivation of.

[0035]

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY According to the present invention, by using a crushed product of a mallow family instead of sawdust of broad-leaved trees such as beech and oak, or by using a conventional culture medium containing beech, oak etc. as a main component, By mixing the pulverized products, it is possible to obtain a yield larger than that of the conventional culture medium. In addition, the mallow family grows fast and can grow in a wasteland, so that there are advantages that the raw materials can be easily secured and the plants can be obtained at low cost.

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Takashi Inaba 4-1-1186 Daikai, Fukushima-ku, Osaka, Osaka Prefecture Rengo Co., Ltd. Central Research Institute (72) Hiroshi Abe 36 Enokibashi, Hirono, Sakata, Yamagata Prefecture Stock Company Kawamura Laboratory for Edible Bacteria Research Laboratory

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A culture medium for mushroom cultivation, characterized by using a pulverized product of a mallow family. 2. A mallow family plant is Hibiscus Cannabinus L. or / and Hibiscus.
The culture medium for cultivating mushrooms according to claim 1, wherein the culture medium is Sobudariffa (Hibiscus Sobdariffa L.). 3. A particle size of dried ground product of mallow family 4
The mushroom culture medium according to any one of claims 1 to 2, which is a ground product of 0 to 90 mesh (Tyler sieve).