JPH05244821A - Artificial culture medium for mushroom - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To smoothly raise mushrooms such as shiitake, Pleurotus ostreatus, or Pholiota nameko by culture of such mushrooms using an artificial medium incorporated with tea leaves to suppress unwanted bacteria propagation and shorten period until the harvest. CONSTITUTION:Firstly, an artificial culture medium is prepared by the following process: Japanese beech is mixed with wheat bran at the volume ratio of (4:1) followed by addition of water so as to come to 63wt.% in water content to produce a basal medium; this basal medium is then incorporated with a specified proportion of tea leaves powder prepared by drying and grinding tea leaves waste discharged in soft drink production. This artificial medium is then inoculated with the seed fungi of a kind of mushroom (e.g. Pleurotus ostreatus) followed by conventional bottle culture to propagate the mycelia followed by fungal spreading and further culture to produce basidiocarps, thus accomplishing the objective mushroom raising smoothly to such a degree as to be at least comparable to the case with using conventional media with the above-mentioned advantages.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an artificial medium for mushrooms and a method for cultivating mushrooms using the medium, and more specifically, an artificial medium for mushrooms characterized by adding tea leaves and a mushroom using the medium. The cultivation method of the kind.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Tea leaves are trimmed in the autumn and winter to cut off tea leaves, but no appropriate utilization method has been developed for these tea leaves. It is only dropped as a fertilizer instead. In addition, the consumption of teas (black tea, oolong tea, green tea, etc.) as soft drinks packed in containers has increased remarkably in recent years, and the amount of tea leaves, which is the extraction residue discharged during the production, is enormous. .. However, in many cases, the tea leaves are only treated as industrial waste, and there is a growing interest in environmental problems in recent years. Therefore, development of a method for recycling the tea leaves is strongly desired.

On the other hand, in the cultivation of mushrooms, conventional cultivation using shavings has been shunned due to poor working conditions and lack of raw materials, and artificial cultivation using a medium mainly containing sawdust of trees. Is being replaced. However, this sawdust is currently in short supply, and development of a substitute for it has been strongly desired.

Therefore, the present inventors have conducted intensive studies to solve both of these problems, and as a result, by replacing a part of the artificial medium of mushrooms with the tea leaves that have not been fully utilized, They have found that mushrooms can be cultivated efficiently, and have arrived at the present invention.

[0005]

[Means for Solving the Problems] That is, the present invention provides an artificial medium for mushrooms comprising the addition of tea leaves, and a method for cultivating mushrooms characterized by cultivating mushrooms using the medium. is there.

The tea leaves used in the present invention may be fresh leaves, but may also be tea leaves which are the extraction residue of teas (black tea, oolong tea, green tea, etc.) used in the production of soft drinks, etc. A mixture of these may be used. These tea leaves or tea leaves expand or contract depending on the water content, so when used as a medium component for cultivating mushrooms, if they hinder the growth of mushrooms, dry the tea leaves or tea leaves,
For example, such a problem can be solved by crushing into a size of 1 mm square or less before use.

Conventionally, sawdust, rice bran, etc. have been mainly used as a culture medium for mushrooms. For example, 1 volume of rice bran in 3 volumes of sawdust.
The mainstream is a mixture in a volume ratio. Further, based on this, various variations have been devised.

The artificial medium of the present invention is obtained by adding the above-mentioned tea leaves to these known mediums, and specifically, by replacing a part of the known medium components with the tea leaves. , Known medium components and tea leaves are mixed at an appropriate ratio, and usually the mixing ratio can be up to 1: 1.
%, Preferably 2 to 10%. In addition,
Depending on the mushroom species, it is possible to further increase the ratio of dry ground tea leaves.

The general component analysis values of the dry tea leaves used in the present invention are shown in Table 1.

[0010]

[Table 1] Table 1 ─────────────────────── Tea leaves ──────────────────── Total amount of nitrogen 3.9% 3.9% Total amount of phosphoric acid (as P ₂ O ₅ ) 0.7 0.6 Total amount of potassium (as K ₂ O) 2.8 0.4 ─────── ─────────────────

As is clear from the above table, tea leaves not only have the characteristics of a woody material with many voids like sawdust, but also contain various nitrogen components in addition to moderate nitrogen components, and It has excellent properties as a medium component. Further, Table 2 shows soluble and insoluble nutritional components contained in tea leaves.

[0012]

[Table 2] Table 2 ─────────────────────── Tea leaves Tea leaves ──────────────────── ──── Moisture 6.5% 9.5% Tannin 15.3 5.0 Caffeine 2.5 0.6 Ash 5.2 2.7 Crude protein 23.9 19.7 Crude fat 2.5 1. 4 Carbohydrates 43.0 32.4 ───────────────────────

As is clear from Table 2, tea contains a large amount of polyphenols (tannins) as a soluble component. It has been clarified that these tea polyphenols show remarkable antibacterial activity against bacteria, but little antibacterial activity against fungi (Japanese Patent Publication No. 2-227).
55 publication). Table 3 shows the results of measuring the antibacterial activity of tea polyphenols against food poisoning bacteria and plant pathogenic bacteria at the minimum inhibitory concentration. As is clear from the results in Table 3, the effect of preventing bacterial diseases in mushroom cultivation can be expected by adding tea leaves to the medium. In fact, tea has low bacterial attachment and fungi grows well under aerobic and moist conditions.

[0014]

[Table 3] Table 3 ───────────────────────── Microbes Minimum inhibitory concentration ────────────── ──────────── Staphylococcus botulinum <100 ppm Staphylococcus 450 Vibrio parahaemolyticus 200 Clostridium cereus 600 Cereus bacillus 600 Lettuce soft rot bacterium 60 Bacterial brown blight fungus 60 Potato bacterial wilt bacterium 60 Lettuce spot bacterial bacillus 70 ─ ────────────────────────

The medium of the present invention can be used for cultivating mushrooms which are artificially cultivated.
It can be applied to all mushrooms such as oyster mushrooms, enoki mushrooms, nameko mushrooms, jellyfishes, oyster mushrooms, maitake mushrooms, aritake mushrooms, ganoderma lucidum, shimeji mushrooms, mushrooms and lacquer mushrooms. In addition, there is no particular change in the cultivation conditions for mushrooms by adding tea leaves to the medium. The present invention is highly practical and extremely useful from the standpoint of environmental problems.

[0016]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be described below with reference to examples.
The present invention is not limited thereby. Example 1 Beech sawdust and wheat bran were mixed in a volume ratio of 4: 1,
Tea leaf powder obtained by drying and crushing the tea leaves discharged during the production of soft drinks was used as a basic medium, to which water was added so that the water content was 63% (total residual tannin content: 1. 97
%) Was mixed with the basic medium at a predetermined ratio, and the medium was inoculated with oyster mushroom inoculum and bottle-cultured by a conventional method. The growth and yield of Pleurotus ostreatus were compared with the control using the basic medium. The details of the experimental plots are shown in Table 4, and the number of days from oyster oysters to harvest in each experimental plot is shown in Table 5.

[0017]

[Table 4] Table 4 Actual amount of tea husks in the test group Tea tannin concentration in the medium Number of tests Control group 0% 0ppm 31 Tea husk addition group 0.3% 100ppm 32 Tea husk addition group 3.2% 1000ppm 32 Tea husk addition group 6.4 % 2000ppm 54

In bottle culture, almost no difference was observed in the infestation of hyphae into the bottles. However, as shown in Table 5, the number of days from the fungal oyster to the harvest after the hyphae infestation was as shown in Table 5. It was shortened by 1 day in Ku and.

[0019]

[Table 5] Table 5 Number of days from oysters to harvest Experimental group 12 days 13 days Control group 15 (48.4%) 16 (51.6%) Tea husk added 13 (40.6%) 19 Book (59.4%) Tea husk addition section 32 (100%) 0 (0%) Tea husk addition section 54 (100%) 0 (0%)

Next, the yield (production amount) and the number of effective stems (the diameter of the stems is 5 per bottle of harvested oyster mushrooms).
mm or more) are shown in Table 6.

[0021]

[Table 6] Table 6 Experimental yield (g ) Effective number of stalks (this ) Control group 78 21 Tea husk addition group 77 21 Tea husk addition group 89 30 Tea husk addition group 86 27

As is clear from the table, it was confirmed that the yield increased by 14% and the number of effective stems increased by 43% in the tea-husk-added group, and the yield increased by 10% and 29% in the tea-shell-added group. ..

Example 2 The medium of the present invention used in Example 1 was brought into a culture room of a farmer in which bacterial diseases frequently occur, and the effects on bacterial diseases were compared. The details of the experimental plots are shown in Table 7 and the results are shown in Table 8.

[0024]

[Table 7] Table 7 Actual amount of tea husks in the test group Tea tannin concentration in the medium Number of tests Control group 0% 0ppm 48 Tea husk addition group 0.3% 100ppm 48 Tea husk addition group 3.2% 1000ppm 48

After inoculating oyster mushroom inoculum into the above-mentioned medium, bottle culture was carried out in a conventional manner to spread mycelium, and fungi were scraped, and then the culture bottle was brought into the above-mentioned farm to form fruit bodies (mushrooms). Then, the morbidity of bacterial diseases was observed. As a result, Table 8
As shown in, it was confirmed that bacterial disease was clearly reduced in the tea-husk-added area.

[0026]

Table 8 Table 8 Experimental Zone Ken all diseases small disease multi-control group three (6.3%) 16 (33.3%) 29 This (60.4%) used tea leaves silage eight (16.7%) 16 (33.3%) 24 (50.0%) Tea-husk addition area 10 (20.8%) 27 (56.3%) 11 (22.9%)

Example 3 The medium of the present invention used in Example 1 was inoculated with spores of thermostable bacteria to cause sterilization failure assuming sterilization in an atmospheric pressure cooker,
The effects on the growth of mushrooms were investigated. The details of the experimental plots are shown in Table 9 and the results are shown in Table 10.

[0028]

[Table 9] Table 9 Experimental amount of added tea leaves Concentration of tea tannin in the medium Number of control samples 0% 0 ppm 27 Tea added region 6.4% 2000 ppm 27

About 200,000 spores of thermostable bacterium (Bacillus subtilis) were inoculated into the above medium per 1 g of the medium, and light sterilization (110
℃, 15 minutes), inoculate with oyster mushroom inoculum,
Bottle culture was carried out as usual. Table 10 shows the frequency of bacterial contamination of the medium on the 24th day of culture.

[0030]

[Table 10] Table 10 Experimental area Bacterial contamination frequency (% ) Control area 53.3 Tea shell addition area 3.3

As is clear from the table, more than half of the control group was contaminated with bacteria, whereas almost no bacterial contamination was observed in the tea-husk-added group. Further, in the control group, the hyphae infestation was 2 to 4 days, and the number of days from the oyster oyster to the harvest was delayed by 3 days, as compared with the tea shell addition group. Further, when the yield and the number of effective stalks per bottle of the medium after harvesting were examined, it was found that, as shown in Table 11, the amount of tea leaves added to the present invention increased by 34%.

[0032]

[Table 11] Table 11 Experimental section Yield (g ) Effective number of stems (pieces ) Control section 64 23 Tea shell addition section 86 23

[0033]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION Using an artificial medium for mushrooms containing the tea leaves of the present invention, if mushrooms are cultivated in a conventional manner, the growth of various bacteria is suppressed, and the same level as in the case of using a conventional medium,
Alternatively, mushrooms can be grown even better. Moreover, the number of days until harvest can be shortened. Furthermore, the medium of the present invention can prevent bacterial diseases without adversely affecting the growth of mushrooms.

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. An artificial medium for mushrooms, which comprises tea leaves. 2. A method for cultivating mushrooms, which comprises cultivating mushrooms using an artificial medium for mushrooms comprising tea leaves.