JPH07134009A - Three-dimensional shape measuring apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a three-dimensional shape measuring apparatus enhanced in general-purpose properties so as to be capable of measuring the three- dimensional shape of a panel material different in kind with high accuracy. CONSTITUTION:A three-dimensional shape measuring apparatus 30 has a fixture 31 and a three-dimensional shape measuring machine 32 measuring the three- dimensional shape of a panel material P. Jig members 33 having clamps 36 attached and freely altering the positions of the clamps 36 are provided to the fixture 31. Control means 37, 38, 39 calculate the three-dimensional shape of the panel material P on the basis of the shape data measured in such a state that the clamps 36 are set to reference positions based on planning by the three-dimensional shape measuring machine 32 and the shape data measured in such a state that the panel material P is forcibly deformed by moving the clamps 36 from the reference positions by the three-dimensional shape measuring machine 32.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a three-dimensional shape measuring device that measures the three-dimensional shape of a panel material with high accuracy in order to control the quality of the panel material that has been pressed.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art The body of a vehicle is constructed by assembling a plurality of panel materials that have been pressed and the like, and in order to improve the quality of the body after assembly, each panel material that is a pressed part is assembled. Quality needs to be controlled. Conventionally, the quality control of this panel material is performed using a three-dimensional shape measuring device, and the shape of the panel material is measured three-dimensionally, and the standard determined from the panel material shape and design values based on this measurement result. The product accuracy was confirmed by comparing with the shape.

As shown in FIG. 5, the conventional three-dimensional shape measuring apparatus 10 does not contact the fixture 11 for fixing the panel material P to be measured with the shape of the panel material P fixed to the fixture 11. It has a coordinate measuring machine 12 that measures in three dimensions by a formula. The fixture 11 includes a panel gauge 13 on which the panel material P is placed, and a clamp 14 that fixes the panel material P on the panel gauge 13. Further, the coordinate measuring machine 12 controls the operation of the scanning means 15, the light source, etc. in which the light source for irradiating the panel material P with laser light and the light receiving element such as CCD for receiving the reflected light are incorporated, and the light receiving element is used. A control device 16 for processing the read data, a printer 17 for outputting the processing result, and the like are provided. The panel gauge 13 is manufactured based on design data (CAD data) when manufacturing a press die, and has a shape corresponding to the outer shape of the panel material P. Then, the three-dimensional shape of the panel material P is obtained by placing the panel material P at a predetermined position of the panel gauge 13 and fixing it by the clamp 14 and subjecting the image data read by the scanning means 15 to image processing by the control device 16. It is designed to be measured. Such a panel gauge 13 is prepared for each type of the panel material P, and is installed on the measuring stage equipped with the coordinate measuring machine 12 according to the type of the panel material P.

Further, there is a conventional fixture of the type shown in FIG. This fixture 18
Also, a dedicated one is prepared for each type of panel material P, and a fixed jig member 20 is fixed to the base 19 at a predetermined position where the panel material P should be received. Each of the fixed jig members 20 includes a leg portion 21 corresponding to the height of a portion that receives the panel material P, and a clamp 22 is attached to an upper end portion of the leg portion 21. In the figure, “23” indicates a locate pin that positions the panel material P when the panel material P is placed on the clamp 22. Such a fixture 18 is also installed on the measurement stage according to the type of the panel material P.

[0005]

By the way, since the panel material P of the vehicle body is very easily deformed by itself before being assembled, in order to measure the three-dimensional shape of the panel material P with high accuracy, a fixture is required. Panel material P for chars 11 and 18
How to fix is an important factor. For example, in FIG.
As shown in (A), when the processed panel material shape is deformed from the reference shape determined by the design value, the panel material P interferes with the jig 24, and the panel material P is forcedly fitted to the jig 24. The shape of the other parts of P is also deformed, and the original panel material shape cannot be measured with high accuracy. Further, as shown in FIG. 3B, even when the panel material P is deformed from the reference shape in a direction that does not interfere with the jig 24, the panel material P is fixed to the jig 24 by the clamp 25. Then, the panel material shape is forcibly matched with the shape of the jig 24, and the originally unfavorable panel material shape cannot be known. Although there are various conditions, the panel material P can be held in the original shape after processing, and the fixing method with good reproducibility is effective in measuring the three-dimensional shape of the panel material P with high accuracy. Is important in.

However, in the fixture 11 shown in FIG. 5, in addition to the processing accuracy of the panel gauge 13 itself, as described above, the condition depends on how the panel material P is received when the panel material P is set on the panel gauge 13. May change drastically, resulting in large variations in the measured data of the panel material shape. In addition, the panel gauge 13
On the other hand, if the panel material P does not fit properly, when the clamp 14 presses the panel material P, the panel material P
It is fixed in a misaligned state, and the original bad shape of the panel material cannot be seen. For this reason, the measurement accuracy also changes greatly, and there is a problem that the three-dimensional shape of the panel material P cannot be measured with high accuracy.

Further, the fixture 18 shown in FIG.
Is a gauge that covers the entire surface of the panel material P,
On the contrary, the fit with the panel material P deteriorates and the clamp 22
Depending on the gripping method, the shape of the panel material P is changed, the measurement accuracy is lowered, and the three-dimensional shape of the panel material P may not be measured with high accuracy.

Further, since the fixtures 11 and 18 shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 must be manufactured individually for each type of panel material P, they are not versatile and increase in cost is avoided. I couldn't do it. Further, the fixtures 11 and 18 dedicated to each type of the panel material P to be measured are provided.
Since it has to be installed on the measurement stage, the setup work becomes complicated and there is a problem that the measurement work cannot be performed quickly.

The present invention has been made to solve the problems associated with the above-mentioned prior art, and is capable of measuring the three-dimensional shape of a panel material with high accuracy and measuring the three-dimensional shape of different kinds of panel materials. It is an object of the present invention to provide a three-dimensional shape measuring device that has improved versatility so that it can be performed.

[0010]

Means for Solving the Problems The present invention which achieves the above object has a gripping means for gripping a panel material, and a three-dimensional measuring means for measuring the three-dimensional shape of the panel material gripped by the gripping means. In a three-dimensional shape measuring apparatus, the jig means is attached and the position of the grip means is freely changeable, and the grip means is measured at the design reference position by the three-dimensional measurement means. Based on the shape data of the panel material, and the shape data of the panel material measured by the three-dimensional measuring means in a state in which the gripping means is moved from the reference position to forcibly deform the panel material, A three-dimensional shape measuring apparatus comprising: a control unit that calculates a three-dimensional shape of the panel material.

[0011]

First, the jig member gripping means is positioned at the design reference position, the panel material is gripped at this reference position, and the three-dimensional shape of the panel material is measured by the three-dimensional measuring means. Next, the gripping means that grips the panel material is moved from the reference position to forcibly deform the panel material, and in this state, the three-dimensional shape of the panel material is measured by the three-dimensional measuring means. And
The control means, based on the shape data acquired at the reference position and the shape data acquired in the forcedly deformed state,
Calculate the three-dimensional shape of the panel material. Since it has a jig member that can change the position of the gripping means, the position to receive the panel material can be changed for each different type of panel material, and the three-dimensional shape of another type of panel material can be measured. Becomes higher. Furthermore, since the final three-dimensional shape of the panel material is calculated from the process of forcibly deforming and measuring the panel material centered on the reference position based on the design data, it depends on the fit between the panel material and the jig member. The error can be eliminated and the three-dimensional shape of the panel material can be measured with high accuracy. Moreover, by changing the position of the holding means by incorporating the dimensional accuracy of the other panel material to be assembled, the dimensional accuracy under the condition of being assembled with the other panel material is calculated.

[0012]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Next, one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a three-dimensional shape measuring apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the three-dimensional shape measuring apparatus 30 includes a fixture 31 having a plurality of jig members 33 for holding the panel material P and a three-dimensional shape of the panel material P held by the fixture 31. And a three-dimensional measuring machine 32 as a three-dimensional measuring means for measuring. The illustrated three-dimensional measuring machine 32 is a non-contact type measuring machine that measures a shape by using a laser beam, but may of course be a contact type measuring machine having a measuring element that comes into contact with the panel material P. .

In particular, the jig member 33 of this embodiment has a movable post 35 which is configured to move forward and backward with respect to the base 34 of the fixture 31, that is, vertically movable, and a panel is provided at the upper end of the movable post 35. A clamp 36 as a gripping means for gripping the material P is attached. The jig member 33 can change the position of the clamp 36 with respect to the base 34 by moving the movable post 35 up and down. A plurality of such jig members 33 are provided so that a plurality of types of panel materials P can be held, and a plurality of jig members 33 necessary to hold the panel material P to be measured are provided. It is selected from the members 33 and is ready for use. There is a jig member 33 that is not used depending on the type of the panel material P, but the jig member 33 that is not used is lowered by moving the movable post 35 to the lowest limit, and the jig 36 and the panel material of the jig member 33 are lowered. P
Have been moved to the retracted position where they do not interfere with each other. The vertical movement of the movable post 35 is performed by, for example, meshing between a rack provided on the movable post 35 and a motor-driven pinion, but the vertical movement mechanism of the movable post 35 is not limited to this configuration, and is appropriately changed. It is possible.

The control system of the three-dimensional shape measuring apparatus 30 includes a fixture controller 3 for controlling the opening / closing operation of the clamp 36 and the rotational drive of the motor or the like of the vertical movement mechanism.
7, a measuring machine controller 38 that controls the operation of the coordinate measuring machine 32, and a system controller 39 that integrally controls both controllers 37, 38. The system controller 39 selects the jig member 33 to be used according to the type of the panel material P to be measured, calculates the moving amount of the movable post 35 based on the CAD data, or outputs from the measuring machine 32. It processes data. In addition, the system controller 39 has a terminal device 40 for instructing the operation of the three-dimensional shape measuring apparatus 30 and displaying an operating state and a message.
And a database unit 41 for recording measurement data and the like are connected. The controllers 37, 38 and 39 correspond to control means.

The concept of measurement by the three-dimensional shape measuring apparatus 30 of this embodiment will be outlined with reference to FIG. As shown in the figure, first, the panel material P is fixed by the clamp 36, and the measurement target portion of the panel material P is measured in the standard state. Next, the clamp 36 is moved while holding the panel material P to perform forced deformation, and the same measurement is performed.
For example, if one end portion of the panel material P is similarly deformed in the vertical direction, the same result should be obtained, but it is also possible that there is variation. Therefore, the measurement is performed n times under each condition, and the average of the upper and lower sides is used as the result. In the illustrated example, point a (−0.15 + 0.2) /2=0.025 mm point b (−0.65 + 0.7) /2=0.025 mm is the displacement amount from the reference shape, respectively. Become.

The amount of movement of the clamp during forced deformation is
Although it differs depending on the size and shape of the panel material P, the data is collected from the difference between the measurement results of the measuring device and the L / O machine, and is adjusted empirically.

Next, the three-dimensional shape measuring apparatus 30 of this embodiment
The operation will be described with reference to the operation flowchart shown in FIG.

First, the system controller 39 determines the position of the X-Y coordinates in the drawing to receive the panel material P to be measured, based on the type of the panel material P to be measured, and based on this position, a plurality of positions are determined. The jig member 33 to be used is selected from among the jig members 33 (S1). Next, the system controller 39 determines the height of the panel material P from the base 34 to be gripped, that is, the jig member 33 to be used, based on the CAD data when the panel material P to be measured is designed or manufactured. The Z position coordinates of the provided clamp 36 are calculated (S2, S3). The fixture controller 37 operates the vertical movement mechanism of each movable post 35 based on the calculated Z position coordinates to move each of the clamps 36 to be used to a predetermined Z position (S4). As a result, each clamp 36 is positioned relatively to the position where the panel material P to be measured is to be gripped in design, that is, the reference position. On the other hand, the jig member 33 not used is moved down to the retracted position where the clamp 36 of the jig member 33 and the panel material P do not interfere with each other. Then, after mounting a predetermined portion of the panel material P on each clamp 35 at the reference position, the fixture controller 37 drives the clamps 36 to close to grip the panel material P (S5). When the panel material P is set,
With the clamp 36 still in the reference position, the three-dimensional measuring machine 32 measures the three-dimensional shape of the panel material P,
The measurement result is recorded in the database unit 41 as panel material shape data at the reference position (S6).

When the measurement at the design reference position is completed, the system controller 39 causes the entire shape of the gripped panel material P to be in a state of being twisted and bent in a convex shape by a constant value with respect to the reference position. Then, the Z position coordinates of the clamp 36 are calculated, and the clamp 36 is moved to a predetermined Z position via the fixture controller 37 (S7). Then, in the state where the panel material P is forcibly deformed as described above, the panel material P is measured by the coordinate measuring machine 32.
3D shape is measured and the measurement result is recorded in the database unit 41 as panel material shape data at the upper deformation position (S8).

Next, in reverse to step S7, the system controller 39 causes the entire shape of the gripped panel material P to be in a state of being twisted and bent in a concave shape by a constant value with respect to the reference position. , The Z position coordinates of the clamp are calculated, and the clamp 36 is moved to a predetermined Z position via the fixture controller 37 (S9). Then, the three-dimensional measuring device 32 measures the three-dimensional shape of the panel material P while the panel material P is forcibly deformed, and the measurement result is recorded in the database unit 41 as the panel material shape data at the lower deformation position ( S10).

When the respective shape data at the upper deformation position and the lower deformation position, which are forcibly deformed on both sides with respect to the reference position, are obtained, the system controller 39
An average value of these two shape data is calculated (S11), and this average value is recorded in the database unit 41 as final panel material shape data (S12, S13). The above calculation results are stored in the database unit 41 as basic data for analyzing the dimensional accuracy behavior of the panel material P. This completes the measurement of the three-dimensional shape of the panel material P.

By forcibly deforming the panel material P by a certain amount in this way, the fit between the fixture 31 and the panel material P is improved, and the distortion of the panel material P is corrected. Then, the shape data measured in a state where the panel material P is forcibly deformed by a certain amount is compared and analyzed with the design calculation value, and the dimension accuracy data is statistically calculated, so that the dimension with less variation can be obtained. The accuracy data can be obtained, and as a result, the three-dimensional shape of the panel material P can be measured with high accuracy.

Further, for example, when measuring the outer panel, the deformation amount of the outer panel with respect to the reference position is
By incorporating the variation range based on the three-dimensional shape data of the inner panel joint, it is possible to measure the dimensional accuracy of the outer panel under the condition that the outer panel and the inner panel are actually assembled.

Further, since the fixture 31 has a simple structure that does not depend on NC control, it is possible to greatly reduce the cost. Furthermore, the jig member 3 to be used
Since it is possible to measure different types of panel materials P by appropriately selecting 3, it is not necessary to manufacture a dedicated fixture 31 for each type of panel material P, and cost reduction can be achieved from this point as well. Therefore, it is not necessary to replace the fixture with the measurement stage, and the measurement work can be performed quickly.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing one of jig members provided in a fixture according to another embodiment. In the fixture 31 of the above-mentioned embodiment, the jig member 33 provided with the clamp 36 is not movable in the XY directions, but in the jig member 43 of this embodiment, The clamp 36 is movable in three directions of XYZ directions.

More specifically, in this jig member 43, a rectangular frame portion 45 is attached to a base 44, which serves as a reference for accuracy, so as to be movable in the Z-axis direction via four columns 46. . A support plate 47 having a clamp 36 attached at one end is slidably supported in the X-axis direction on a support block 47 slidably mounted in the Y-axis direction on the upper end surface of one side of the frame portion 45. ing. The support plate 48 is provided with scales 49x indicating the position coordinates in the X-axis direction from the reference origin, and the upper end surface of the frame portion 45 is provided with scales 49y indicating the position coordinates in the Y-axis direction from the reference origin. 46 is provided with a scale 49z indicating the position coordinate in the Z-axis direction from the reference origin. The X position of the clamp 36 is the scale 49x
It is determined by sliding the support plate 48 in the X-axis direction while watching, and tightening the fixing screw 50. At the Y position of the clamp 36, the support block 47 is slid in the Y-axis direction while watching the scale 49y, and the fixing screw 5 is moved.
Determined by tightening 1. Also, the clamp 36
The Z position of is determined by adjusting the frame portion 45 in the vertical direction while looking at the scale 49z and tightening a fixing screw (not shown).

Further, the jig member 43 has a locater 55 for positioning the panel material P when the panel material P is placed on the clamp 36. This locate 55
Is the first arm 5 attached to the support column 46 so as to be vertically movable.
6, a second arm portion 58 rotatably connected to the first arm portion 56 via a joint portion 57, and a locate pin 59 provided at the tip of the second arm portion 58. When the locate pin 59 is arbitrarily moved, an XY coordinate is displayed by an encoder or the like incorporated in the locate 55. While observing this display, the locate 55 is aligned with the position of the locate hole of the panel material P. Adjust and move and lock in place. The Z position of the locate pin 59 is determined by adjusting and moving the first arm portion 56 in the vertical direction while observing the scale 46z attached to the support column 46 and tightening the fixing screw 60. Since the panel material P gripped by the clamp 36 is forcibly deformed and the three-dimensional shape is measured, the locate pin 59 is set at the end of the setting of the panel material P at the reference position. It is designed to retreat from the panel material P.

In the fixture provided with the jig member 43 constructed as above, the clamp 36 has the XYZ structure.
Since it is movable in three directions, the receiving position of the panel material P can be easily set, the number of types of measurable panel materials P increases, and versatility and flexibility are significantly improved. Moreover, since many types of panel materials P can be measured, cost reduction can also be achieved. Furthermore, since the deformation of the panel material P with respect to the reference position can be freely set in the three directions of the XYZ directions, the three-dimensional shape of the panel material P can be measured with higher accuracy.

It should be noted that the XY of the clamp 36 is manually operated.
Although the configuration for determining the Z position is shown, in order to easily and accurately perform the work of forcibly deforming the panel material P, the X-axis direction slide mechanism for adjusting and moving the support plate 48 in the X-axis direction, and the support block 47. It is preferable to provide a Y-axis direction slide mechanism for adjusting and moving in the Y-axis direction and a vertical movement mechanism for adjusting and moving the frame portion 45 in the Z-axis direction, and to control the operation of each mechanism via the fixture controller 37. These mechanisms may be of a rack and pinion type, for example.

[0030]

As described above, the three-dimensional shape measuring apparatus of the present invention sets the panel material on the jig member that can move the position of the gripping means based on the predetermined calculation result, and based on the design data. Since the final three-dimensional shape of the panel material is calculated from the process of forcibly deforming and measuring the panel material around the reference position, the error due to the match between the panel material and the jig member can be eliminated. , It is also possible to calculate the dimensional accuracy under the condition of being assembled with other panel materials, and it has become possible to measure the three-dimensional shape of the panel material with high accuracy.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a three-dimensional shape measuring apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram showing a concept of measurement by the three-dimensional shape measuring apparatus of the embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the operation of the three-dimensional shape measuring apparatus.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing one of jig members provided in a fixture according to another embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a conventional three-dimensional shape measuring apparatus.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing another fixture used in the conventional three-dimensional shape measuring apparatus.

7 (A) and 7 (B) are conceptual diagrams showing a defective state that occurs when measuring a panel material shape.

[Explanation of symbols]

30 ... Three-dimensional shape measuring device, 31 ...
Fixture, 32 ... Three-dimensional measuring machine (three-dimensional measuring means), 33, 43 ... Jig member, 34 ... Base,
35 ... Movable post, 36
... Clamp (grasping means), 37 ... Fixture controller (control means), 38 ... Measuring machine controller (control means), 39 ... System controller (control means), P ... Panel material.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A three-dimensional shape measuring apparatus having a holding means for holding a panel material and a three-dimensional measuring means for measuring the three-dimensional shape of the panel material held by the holding means, wherein the holding means is attached. A jig member whose position of the gripping means is changeable, shape data of the panel material measured by the three-dimensional measuring means in a state where the gripping means is located at a design reference position, and the gripping means Based on the shape data of the panel material measured by the three-dimensional measuring means in a state in which the panel material is forcibly deformed by moving from the reference position, control means for calculating the three-dimensional shape of the panel material, ,
A three-dimensional shape measuring apparatus having: