JP3013671B2 - 3D shape measuring device - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a three-dimensional shape measuring apparatus for measuring the three-dimensional shape of a panel material with high accuracy in order to control the quality of a panel material subjected to press working or the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A body of a vehicle is constructed by assembling a plurality of panel materials subjected to press working or the like. In order to improve the quality of the assembled body, each panel material as a pressed part is required. Quality needs to be controlled. Conventionally, the quality control of this panel material has been performed using a three-dimensional shape measuring device. The shape of the panel material is measured three-dimensionally, and a standard determined from the panel material shape and design values based on the measurement results. The product accuracy was confirmed by comparing with the shape.

As shown in FIG. 5, a conventional three-dimensional shape measuring apparatus 10 includes a fixture 11 for fixing a panel material P to be measured and a shape of the panel material P fixed to the fixture 11 in a non-contact manner. And a three-dimensional measuring machine 12 for three-dimensionally measuring by a formula. The fixture 11 includes a panel gauge 13 on which the panel material P is placed, and a clamp 14 for fixing the panel material P on the panel gauge 13. Also, the coordinate measuring machine 12 controls the operation of the scanning unit 15 incorporating a light source for irradiating the laser beam to the panel material P and a light receiving element such as a CCD for receiving the reflected light, a light source and the like. A control device 16 for processing the read data, a printer 17 for outputting a processing result, and the like are provided. The panel gauge 13 is manufactured based on design data (CAD data) for manufacturing a press die, and has a shape corresponding to the outer shape of the panel material P. The three-dimensional shape of the panel material P is obtained by placing the panel material P at a predetermined position on the panel gauge 13, fixing the panel material P with the clamp 14, and performing image processing on the image data read by the scanning unit 15 with the control device 16. It is being measured. Such a panel gauge 13 is prepared for each type of the panel material P, and is set on a measurement stage provided with the coordinate measuring machine 12 in accordance with the type of the panel material P.

There is also a conventional fixture of the type shown in FIG. This fixture 18
Also, a dedicated jig member 20 is fixed to the base 19 corresponding to a predetermined position where the panel material P is to be received. Each of the fixed jig members 20 includes a leg 21 corresponding to the height of a portion for receiving the panel material P, and a clamp 22 is attached to an upper end of the leg 21. In the drawing, “23” indicates a locate pin for positioning the panel material P when placing the panel material P on the clamp 22. Such a fixture 18 is also installed on the measurement stage according to the type of the panel material P.

[0005]

However, since the panel material P of the vehicle body is very easily deformed by itself before assembly, it is necessary to use a fixture to measure the three-dimensional shape of the panel material P with high accuracy. Panel material P for char 11, 18
Is an important factor. For example, FIG.
As shown in (A), when the panel material shape after processing is deformed from the reference shape determined from the design value, the panel material P interferes with the jig 24, and if the panel material P is forcibly joined to the jig 24, the panel material is The shape of the other part of P is also deformed, and the original panel material shape cannot be measured with high accuracy. Further, even if the panel material P is deformed from the reference shape in a direction that does not interfere with the jig 24, the panel material P is fixed to the jig 24 by the clamp 25 as shown in FIG. In this case, the shape of the panel material is forcibly adjusted to the shape of the jig 24, and the original poor shape of the panel material cannot be recognized. Although there are various conditions, the panel material P can be held in its original shape after processing, and the fixing method with good reproducibility is required to measure the three-dimensional shape of the panel material P with high accuracy. Is important.

However, in the fixture 11 shown in FIG. 5, in addition to the processing accuracy of the panel gauge 13 itself, as described above, the condition depends on how the panel material P is received when the panel gauge P is set on the panel gauge 13. Is greatly changed, and a large variation may occur in the measurement data of the panel material shape. Panel gauge 13
When the clamp 14 presses the panel material P against the panel material P, the panel material P
Is fixed in a displaced state, and the original poor panel material shape cannot be recognized. For this reason, the measurement accuracy changes greatly, and there has been a problem that the three-dimensional shape of the panel material P cannot be measured with high accuracy.

Further, the fixture 18 shown in FIG.
Is a gauge that covers the entire surface of the panel material P,
On the contrary, the connection with the panel material P becomes poor, and the clamp 22
In some cases, the shape of the panel material P may be changed depending on the gripping method, and the measurement accuracy may be reduced, and the three-dimensional shape of the panel material P may not be measured with high accuracy.

Further, the fixtures 11 and 18 shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 must be manufactured for each type of the panel material P, so that they are not versatile and do not increase the cost. I couldn't. In addition, dedicated fixtures 11 and 18 are provided for each type of the panel material P to be measured.
Must be installed on the measurement stage, so that the setup work becomes complicated and the measurement work cannot be performed quickly.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the problems associated with the prior art, and can measure the three-dimensional shape of a panel material with high accuracy and measure the three-dimensional shape of a different type of panel material. It is an object of the present invention to provide a three-dimensional shape measuring device having improved versatility so that it can be used.

[0010]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention, which achieves the above object, comprises a gripping means for gripping a panel material, and a three-dimensional measuring means for measuring a three-dimensional shape of the panel material gripped by the gripping means. In the three-dimensional shape measuring device, the jig member to which the gripping means is attached and the position of the gripping means can be changed, and the three-dimensional measuring means measure the state in which the gripping means is located at a design reference position. Based on the shape data of the panel material and the shape data of the panel material measured by the three-dimensional measuring means in a state where the gripping means is moved from the reference position and the panel material is forcibly deformed, Control means for calculating a three-dimensional shape of the panel material.

[0011]

First, the holding means of the jig member is positioned at a reference position in design, the panel material is held at this reference position, and the three-dimensional shape of the panel material is measured by the three-dimensional measuring means. Next, the holding means holding the panel material is moved from the reference position to forcibly deform the panel material, and in this state, the three-dimensional measuring means measures the three-dimensional shape of the panel material. And
The control means, based on the shape data acquired at the reference position and the shape data acquired in a state of being forcibly deformed,
Calculate the three-dimensional shape of the panel material. Since it has a jig member that can change the position of the gripping means, the position for receiving the panel material can be changed for each different type of panel material, and the three-dimensional shape of another type of panel material can be measured, and versatility Will be higher. Furthermore, since the final three-dimensional shape of the panel material is calculated from the process of forcibly deforming and measuring the panel material around the reference position based on the design data, it depends on the fitting of the panel material and the jig member. Errors can be eliminated, and the three-dimensional shape of the panel material can be measured with high accuracy. Moreover, by changing the position of the gripping means by incorporating the dimensional accuracy of the other panel material to be assembled, the dimensional accuracy under the condition of assembling with the other panel material is calculated.

[0012]

Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a three-dimensional shape measuring apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, a three-dimensional shape measuring device 30 includes a fixture 31 having a plurality of jig members 33 for holding a panel material P, and a three-dimensional shape of the panel material P held by the fixture 31. And a three-dimensional measuring machine 32 as three-dimensional measuring means for measuring the distance. The illustrated three-dimensional measuring device 32 is a non-contact type measuring device that measures a shape using a laser beam, but may be a contact type measuring device provided with a measuring element that comes into contact with the panel material P. .

In particular, the jig member 33 of the present embodiment has a movable post 35 which is configured to be able to move forward and backward with respect to the base 34 of the fixture 31, that is, to move up and down. A clamp 36 as a holding means for holding the material P is attached. The jig member 33 can change the position of the clamp 36 with respect to the base 34 by moving the movable post 35 up and down. A plurality of such jig members 33 are provided so as to be able to grip a plurality of types of panel materials P, and a plurality of jig members 33 necessary for gripping the panel material P to be measured are provided. The member 33 is selected from the members 33 to be used. The jig member 33 which is not used depending on the type of the panel material P is also generated. However, the jig member 33 which is not used is lowered by lowering the movable post 35 to the lowermost limit, and the clamp 36 of the jig member 33 and the panel material P
Has been moved to the evacuation position where it does not interfere. The vertical movement of the movable post 35 is performed, for example, by engaging a rack provided on the movable post 35 with a pinion driven by a motor. However, the vertical movement mechanism of the movable post 35 is not limited to this configuration, and may be changed as appropriate. It is possible.

The control system of the three-dimensional shape measuring device 30 includes a fixture controller 3 for controlling the opening / closing operation of the clamp 36 and the rotational drive of a motor and the like provided in the vertical movement mechanism.
7, a measuring machine controller 38 for controlling the operation of the coordinate measuring machine 32, and a system controller 39 for controlling the controllers 37, 38 as a whole. The system controller 39 selects the jig member 33 to be used according to the type of the panel material P to be measured, calculates the amount of movement of the movable post 35 based on the CAD data, or Perform arithmetic processing on data. The system controller 39 also has a terminal 40 for instructing the operation of the three-dimensional shape measuring device 30 and displaying an operating state and a message.
And a database unit 41 for recording measurement data and the like. The controllers 37, 38 and 39 correspond to control means.

The concept of measurement by the three-dimensional shape measuring apparatus 30 of the present embodiment will be outlined with reference to FIG. As shown in the figure, first, the panel material P is fixed by the clamp 36, and a measurement target portion of the panel material P is measured in a reference state. Next, the clamp 36 is moved while holding the panel material P to perform forcible deformation, and measurement is performed in the same manner.
For example, if one end of the panel material P is deformed in the same manner in the vertical direction, the same result should be obtained, but it may be varied. Therefore, the measurement is performed n times under each condition, and the average of the upper and lower sides is obtained as a result. In the illustrated example, the point a (−0.15 + 0.2) /2=0.025 mm and the point b (−0.65 + 0.7) /2=0.025 mm are the displacement amount from the reference shape, respectively. Become.

The amount of movement of the clamp during the forced deformation is
Although it differs depending on the size and shape of the panel material P, data is collected from the difference between the results measured by the measuring device and the L / O machine and adjusted empirically.

Next, the three-dimensional shape measuring device 30 of the present embodiment
Will be described based on the operation flowchart shown in FIG.

First, the system controller 39 determines the position of the XY coordinates in the drawing to receive the panel material P to be measured based on the type of the panel material P to be measured. The jig member 33 to be used is selected from among the jig members 33 of (1) (S1). Next, the system controller 39 sets the height of the panel material P from the base 34 to be gripped, that is, the jig member 33 to be used, based on the CAD data when the panel material P to be measured is designed or manufactured. The Z position coordinates of the provided clamp 36 are calculated (S2, S3). The fixture controller 37 activates the vertical movement mechanism of each movable post 35 based on the calculated Z position coordinates, and moves each of the clamps 36 to be used to a predetermined Z position (S4). As a result, each clamp 36 is positioned relatively to the position where the panel material P to be measured should be gripped in design, that is, the reference position. On the other hand, the jig member 33 not used is moved down to a retracted position where the clamp 36 of the jig member 33 and the panel material P do not interfere with each other. Then, after a predetermined portion of the panel material P is placed on each of the clamps 35 at the reference position, the clamp 36 is driven to close by the fixture controller 37 to grip the panel material P (S5). When the panel material P is set,
While the clamp 36 is located at the reference position, the three-dimensional measuring device 32 measures the three-dimensional shape of the panel material P,
The measurement result is recorded in the database unit 41 as panel material shape data at the reference position (S6).

When the measurement at the design reference position is completed, the system controller 39 causes the entire shape of the gripped panel material P to be in a state of being bent to a convex shape by a fixed value with respect to the reference position. Next, the Z position coordinates of the clamp 36 are calculated, and the clamp 36 is moved to a predetermined Z position via the fixture controller 37 (S7). Then, in a state where the panel material P is forcibly deformed as described above, the panel material P is
Is measured and recorded in the database unit 41 as panel material shape data at the upper deformation position (S8).

Next, contrary to step S7, the system controller 39 causes the whole shape of the gripped panel material P to be twisted into a concave shape by a predetermined value with respect to the reference position. Then, the Z position coordinates of the clamp are calculated, and the clamp 36 is moved to a predetermined Z position via the fixture controller 37 (S9). Then, the three-dimensional shape of the panel material P is measured by the three-dimensional measuring device 32 in a state where the panel material P is forcibly deformed, and the measurement result is recorded in the database unit 41 as the panel material shape data at the lower deformation position ( S10).

When each shape data at the upper deformation position and the lower deformation position forcibly deformed to both sides with respect to the reference position is obtained, the system controller 39
An average value of these two shape data is calculated (S11), and this average value is recorded in the database unit 41 as final panel material shape data (S12, S13). The above calculation results are stored in the database unit 41 as basic data for analyzing the behavior of the dimensional accuracy of the panel material P. This completes the measurement of the three-dimensional shape of the panel material P.

As described above, by forcibly deforming the panel material P by a fixed amount, the fitting between the fixture 31 and the panel material P is improved, and the distortion of the panel material P is corrected. Then, by comparing and analyzing the shape data measured in a state where the panel material P is forcibly deformed by a fixed amount and the calculated value in design, and statistically calculating the dimensional accuracy data, the dimensional accuracy with less variation is obtained. Accuracy data can be obtained, and as a result, the three-dimensional shape of the panel material P can be measured with high accuracy.

For example, when measuring the outer panel, the amount of deformation of the outer panel with respect to the reference position
By incorporating the variation range based on the three-dimensional shape data of the inner panel joint, the dimensional accuracy of the outer panel can be measured under the condition where the outer panel and the inner panel are actually assembled.

In addition, since the fixture 31 has a simple structure that does not rely on NC control, the cost can be significantly reduced. Further, a jig member 3 to be used
By appropriately selecting 3, it is possible to measure different types of panel materials P. Therefore, it is not necessary to manufacture a dedicated fixture 31 for each type of panel material P, and the cost can be reduced from this point as well. This eliminates the need to replace fixtures on the measurement stage, thereby enabling quick measurement work.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing one jig member provided on a fixture according to another embodiment. In the fixture 31 of the above-described embodiment, the jig member 33 including the clamp 36 is not movable in the X-Y directions. The clamp 36 is movable in three directions of XYZ directions.

More specifically, a rectangular frame portion 45 is attached to the jig member 43 on a base 44 serving as a reference for accuracy via four columns 46 so as to be movable in the Z-axis direction. . A support plate 48 having a clamp 36 attached to one end thereof is slidably supported in the X-axis direction on a support block 47 which is slidably mounted in the Y-axis direction on the upper end surface of one side piece of the frame 45. ing. The support plate 48 is provided with a scale 49x indicating the position coordinate in the X-axis direction from the reference origin, and the upper end surface of the frame 45 is provided with a scale 49y indicating the position coordinate in the Y-axis direction from the reference origin. 46 is provided with a scale 49z indicating position coordinates in the Z-axis direction from the reference origin. X position of clamp 36 is scale 49x
The support plate 48 is slid and moved in the X-axis direction while looking at the position, and is fixed by tightening the fixing screw 50. The Y position of the clamp 36 is adjusted by sliding the support block 47 in the Y-axis direction while looking at the scale 49y.
Determined by tightening 1. In addition, the clamp 36
The Z position is determined by adjusting and moving the frame portion 45 in the vertical direction while looking at the scale at 49z, and tightening a fixing screw (not shown).

Further, the jig member 43 has a locate 55 for positioning the panel material P when placing the panel material P on the clamp 36. This locate 55
Is a first arm 5 that is attached to the column 46 so as to be vertically movable.
6, a second arm 58 rotatably connected to the first arm 56 via a joint 57, and a locate pin 59 provided at the tip of the second arm 58. When the locate pin 59 is arbitrarily moved, the XY coordinates are displayed by an encoder or the like incorporated in the locate 55, and the locate 55 is adjusted to the position of the locate hole of the panel material P while watching this display. Adjust and move and fix in that position. The Z position of the locate pin 59 is determined by adjusting and moving the first arm portion 56 in the vertical direction while looking at the scale 46z attached to the column 46, and tightening the fixing screw 60. Since the panel material P grasped by the clamp 36 is forcibly deformed to measure the three-dimensional shape by measuring the three-dimensional shape, when the setting of the panel material P at the reference position is completed, the locate pin 59 It retracts from the panel material P.

In the fixture having the jig member 43 configured as described above, the clamp 36 is connected to the XYZ
Since it is movable in three directions, the receiving position of the panel material P can be easily set, the number of types of the panel material P that can be measured increases, and versatility and flexibility are remarkably enhanced. Further, since various types of panel materials P can be measured, cost reduction can be achieved. Further, since the deformation of the panel material P with respect to the reference position can be freely set in three directions of the XYZ directions, the three-dimensional shape of the panel material P can be measured with higher accuracy.

The X-Y- of the clamp 36 is manually operated.
Although the configuration for determining the Z position is shown, in order to easily and accurately perform the operation of forcibly deforming the panel material P, an X-axis direction slide mechanism for adjusting and moving the support plate 48 in the X-axis direction, a support block 47 are provided. It is preferable to provide a Y-axis direction slide mechanism for adjusting and moving the frame part 45 in the Y-axis direction and a vertical movement mechanism for adjusting and moving the frame 45 in the Z-axis direction, and control the operation of each mechanism via the fixture controller 37. These mechanisms may be formed, for example, of a rack and pinion type.

[0030]

As described above, according to the three-dimensional shape measuring apparatus of the present invention, the panel material is set on a jig member capable of moving the position of the gripping means based on a predetermined calculation result, and based on the design data. Since the final three-dimensional shape of the panel material is calculated from the process of forcibly deforming and measuring the panel material around the reference position, errors due to the fitting between the panel material and the jig member can be eliminated. Also, the dimensional accuracy under the condition of being assembled with another panel material can be calculated, and the three-dimensional shape of the panel material can be measured with high accuracy.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a three-dimensional shape measuring apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram showing a concept of measurement by the three-dimensional shape measuring apparatus of the embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the operation of the three-dimensional shape measuring device.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing one of jig members provided on a fixture according to another embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a conventional three-dimensional shape measuring apparatus.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing another fixture used in a conventional three-dimensional shape measuring apparatus.

FIGS. 7A and 7B are conceptual diagrams showing a problem state that occurs when measuring a panel material shape.

[Explanation of symbols]

30 ... three-dimensional shape measuring device, 31 ...
Fixture, 32: three-dimensional measuring machine (three-dimensional measuring means), 33, 43: jig member, 34: base,
35 ... movable post, 36
... clamp (gripping means), 37 ... fixture controller (control means), 38 ... measuring instrument controller (control means), 39 ... system controller (control means), P ... panel material.

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. A three-dimensional shape measuring apparatus comprising: gripping means for gripping a panel material; and three-dimensional measuring means for measuring a three-dimensional shape of the panel material gripped by the gripping means, wherein the gripping means is attached. A jig member capable of changing the position of the gripping means, the shape data of the panel material measured by the three-dimensional measuring means in a state where the gripping means is located at a design reference position, and Control means for calculating a three-dimensional shape of the panel material, based on the shape data of the panel material measured by the three-dimensional measuring means in a state where the panel material is forcibly deformed by moving from the reference position. ,
A three-dimensional shape measuring apparatus comprising: