JPH0691197A - Screening and recovering device of metal from waste - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide the screening and recovering device of metal from waste which is formed compact over the entire part and can independently screen copper materials having a high valuable value. CONSTITUTION:This screening and recovering device of metal has a magnetic screening conveyor 26, a vibration sieving machine 33, an eddy current screening machine 43 and a sp. gr. liquid screening machine 54. The magnetic screening conveyor 26 acts magnetism on the ferromagnetic materials 31 in incombustibles 30 and screens the incombustibles 30 to the ferromagnetic materials 31 and nonferromagnetic materials 32. The vibration sieving machine 33 vibrates a vibration screen 34 and screens the nonferromagnetic materials 32 to large grain size materials 37 and small grain size materials 37. The eddy current screening machine 43 generates eddy current in aluminum materials 53 in the large grain size materials 37 by utilizing a change in magnetic flux and screens the large grain size materials 37 to ferromagnetic materials 50, aluminum materials 53 and nonmagnetic materials 52 contg. the copper materials. The sp. gr. liquid screening machine 54 screens the nonmagnetic materials 52 contg. the copper materials to the materials 66 sinking in a sp. gr. liquid 55 and light sp. gr. materials 67 floating in this liquid.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a waste metal sorting and collecting apparatus for sorting and collecting valuable metals such as iron materials, aluminum materials and copper materials from waste materials such as abandoned vehicles and general municipal waste.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, when treating waste such as abandoned vehicles and general municipal waste, the waste is generally crushed by a shredder machine. If the waste is, for example, a scrap car, the crushed pieces contain ferrous and non-ferrous metal materials, but only ferrous material is collected by the magnetic separator for reuse, and non-ferrous metal materials and other The crushed pieces were landfilled. However, in recent years, attention has been paid to the selective collection of nonferrous metal materials from the viewpoint of resource saving. In response to this, for example, there is a technique disclosed in JP-A-54-149074 and a technique disclosed in JP-A-53-39906.

In the former technique, the waste having a large specific gravity separated by the wind separator and the cyclone is sorted into iron material, sand, glass pieces and non-ferrous metal material by a vibrating sieving device equipped with a magnetic separator. The electric wires in the non-ferrous metal material are collected by the electric wire separating device, and the rest are sorted into aluminum material and other non-metallic materials by the linear motor type non-ferrous metal separating device.

In the latter technique, the waste is sorted into a substance having a large specific gravity and a substance having a small specific gravity by a wind separator. A substance having a large specific gravity is sorted into a rubber material, a glass piece, and a non-ferrous metal material by a sieving machine. The non-ferrous metal material is sorted into an aluminum material, a rubber material and other non-ferrous metal materials by the water flow of the water sorting device.

[0005]

However, in any of the above-mentioned conventional techniques, even though a lot of combustible substances such as sheet scraps and bumpers are contained in the waste car, which is a waste, Is not incinerated. For this reason, the amount of waste to be processed is very large, and if the valuable metal is to be reliably selected from this waste, the entire apparatus becomes large. Further, a wind power sorter, a cyclone, etc. for removing combustibles are required, which complicates the device. This complication leads to a large cost increase in addition to the above-mentioned increase in size.

Further, although the aluminum material is sorted and collected in both of the above prior arts, the copper material is collected in a mixed state with other non-ferrous metal materials.
In other words, the copper material alone is not sorted and collected. Here, in the case of a scrap car, the content rate of the copper material in the waste is equal to or higher than that of the aluminum material, and the copper material is more valuable than the aluminum material. Therefore, it is desired to select and collect the copper material alone.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and an object thereof is to make the entire apparatus compact,
Moreover, it is an object of the present invention to provide a metal sorting / collecting device for waste, which is capable of independently sorting and collecting copper material having high value.

[0008]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a waste material for separating and recovering a ferromagnetic material, an aluminum material and a copper material from crushed pieces obtained by crushing the waste material. A metal sorting and collecting apparatus, which conveys an incombustible substance remaining after incineration and removal of combustible substances in the crushed pieces, a rotating body having magnetism, and an orbit accompanying the rotation of the rotating body, and the conveying machine Equipped with an endless belt capable of transporting the incombustible material, and the magnetism of the rotating body is made to act on the ferromagnetic material in the incombustible material so that the incombustible material is attracted to the endless belt. And a magnetic sorting conveyor for sorting into a non-ferromagnetic material, and a vibrating screen capable of accommodating the non-ferromagnetic material sorted by the magnetic sorting conveyor. By forcibly vibrating the vibrating screen, Magnetic material , A vibrating sieving machine that sorts large-sized particles remaining on the vibrating screen and small-sized particles that pass through the vibrating screen, a rotor that has magnetism and its magnetic flux changes with time, and the rotation of the rotor It is equipped with an endless belt that circulates along with it and can convey the large particle size material selected by the vibration sieving machine, and the magnetism of the rotating body acts on the ferromagnetic material in the large particle size material to form an endless shape. While adsorbing to the belt, the eddy current is generated by changing the magnetic flux by the rotating body on the aluminum material in the large particle size material, and the thrust in the same direction as the changing direction of the magnetic flux (moving direction of the magnetic field). By generating an eddy current sorter that sorts the large particle size substance into a non-magnetic material containing a ferromagnetic material, an aluminum material, and a copper material, and a non-magnetic material sorted by the eddy current sorter. ratio The non-magnetic material has a specific gravity liquid having a specific gravity different from that of the non-magnetic material, and the non-magnetic material is floated in the specific gravity liquid and the copper material sinking in the specific gravity liquid. It is equipped with a specific gravity liquid sorter for sorting into light specific gravity substances.

[0009]

[Function] Combustible substances in crushed pieces obtained by crushing waste are incinerated and removed. The incombustibles remaining after the combustion are put on the magnetic sorting conveyor by the carrier.

This incombustible material is moved by the circulation of the endless belt of the magnetic sorting conveyor. When the incombustible material approaches the rotating body, the magnetism of the rotating body acts on the ferromagnetic material in the incombustible material. Then, a magnetic force (attracting force) acts between the rotating body and the ferromagnetic material, and the ferromagnetic material is attracted to the endless belt. On the other hand, the non-ferromagnetic material in the incombustible material is not adsorbed on the endless belt. Therefore, when the incombustible material moves to the end of the magnetic sorting conveyor on the rotating body side due to the circulation of the endless belt, the non-ferromagnetic material not adsorbed on the endless belt is separated from the endless belt by its own weight. Further, the ferromagnetic material adsorbed on the endless belt holds the adsorbed state against its own weight, is separated from the rotating body, and is separated from the endless belt when the influence of magnetism becomes small. Thus, in the magnetic sorting conveyor, incombustibles are sorted into ferromagnetic materials and non-ferromagnetic materials.

The non-ferromagnetic material sorted by the magnetic sorting conveyor is carried onto the vibrating screen of the next vibrating sieving machine.
The vibrating screen is vibrated by force. Then, the non-ferromagnetic material is sorted into a large particle size material remaining on the vibrating screen and a small particle size material passing through the vibrating screen.

The large particle size material selected by the vibrating screener is conveyed onto an endless belt of an eddy current separator. This large particle size material moves due to the circulation of the endless belt. When the large particle material approaches the rotating body, the magnetism of the rotating body acts on the ferromagnetic material in the large particle material. Then, an attractive force acts between the rotating body and the ferromagnetic material, and the ferromagnetic material is attracted to the endless belt. In addition, the change in magnetic flux due to the rotating body acts on the aluminum material in the large particle size material. Then, an eddy current flows in the aluminum material in a direction that hinders the change of the magnetic flux, and a thrust force is generated in the same direction as the magnetic flux changing direction (the magnetic field moving direction). Non-magnetic materials including copper materials (most of which are wire-shaped and have a small contact area, so that eddy current is not generated) are not affected by magnetism of the rotating body and are not attracted to the endless belt.

Therefore, when the large particle size material moves to the end on the rotor side of the eddy current sorter by the circulation of the endless belt,
The non-magnetic material not adsorbed on the endless belt is separated from the endless belt by its own weight. Also, the magnetic material adsorbed on the endless belt holds the adsorbed state against the self-weight,
Eventually, when the magnet is separated from the rotating body and the influence of magnetism becomes small, the belt is separated from the endless belt. Further, in the case of the aluminum material, the moving speed of the endless belt due to the circulation of the endless belt is accelerated by the thrust, and the aluminum material is blown to a position largely separated from the rotating body. As described above, in the eddy current sorter, the large particle size substance is sorted into the non-magnetic material including the ferromagnetic material, the aluminum material, and the copper material.

The non-magnetic material selected by the eddy current sorter is put into the specific gravity liquid of the specific gravity liquid sorter. The specific gravity of this specific gravity liquid is different from the specific gravity of the non-magnetic material. Therefore, the non-magnetic material is classified into a copper material that sinks in the specific gravity liquid and a light specific gravity material that floats in the specific gravity liquid.

By the way, when the waste is, for example, a scrap car, the crushed pieces obtained by crushing the waste are enormous. Most of the crushed pieces are occupied by non-valuable materials such as rubber materials, synthetic resin materials, cotton, earth and sand, and the ratio of valuable iron materials, aluminum materials, and copper materials is small. If all of these are to be processed by the metal sorting and collecting apparatus, various devices of the apparatus must be large. However, in the present invention, the combustible material in the crushed pieces is incinerated and removed before being put into the metal sorting and collecting apparatus. Therefore, the amount of incombustibles left after the removal of a large amount of combustibles is much smaller than the amount of crushed pieces when incineration is not performed. In other words, this incineration process reduces the amount of waste that is thrown into the metal selection and recovery device.

[0016]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment in which the present invention is embodied in a metal sorting and collecting apparatus for sorting and collecting valuable metals from a waste car as waste will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 2 is a schematic process diagram of the pretreatment performed prior to the metal selection and recovery. In the preceding process, the scrap car 1 is crushed, a large number of crushed pieces 2 generated by the crushing are sorted according to the weight difference, and combustible substances in the crushed pieces 2 having a small weight are removed by incineration. . For these processes, from the front side (left side of FIG. 2) to the rear side (right side of FIG. 2), the supply conveyor 3, the shredder machine 7,
A crushed piece carry-out conveyor 11, a dust collector 15, a heavy load carry-out conveyor 18, an incinerator 22, and a sieving machine 23 are provided.

The supply conveyor 3 comprises a pair of front and rear pulleys 4, 4.
5 and an endless belt 6 mounted on both pulleys 4, 5. In this supply conveyor 3, the endless belt 6 is rotated by the rotation of the pulleys 4 and 5. By this circulation, the scrap car 1 supplied from the front is transported to the rear.

A shredder machine 7 is installed behind the supply conveyor 3. Inside the housing 8 of the shredder machine 7, a pair of front and rear rollers 9 and 10 are arranged in close proximity to each other. A large number of crushing projections 9a and 10a are provided on the outer circumferences of both rollers 9 and 10.
Both rollers 9 and 10 are rotationally driven in opposite directions by a motor (not shown).

On the rear side of the shredder machine 7, a crushed piece carrying-out conveyor 11 is installed. Debris removal conveyor 1
1 includes a pair of front and rear pulleys 12 and 13 and an endless belt 14, like the supply conveyor 3. In the crushed piece carrying-out conveyor 11, the crushed pieces 2 supplied from the front are conveyed to the rear by the circulation of the endless belt 14.

A dust collector 15 is installed on the rear side of the crushed piece carrying conveyor 11. The dust collector 15 collects the crushed pieces 2 discharged from the shredder machine 7 according to the weight difference between the lightweight objects 1
It is for sorting into 6 and heavy goods 17. The dust collector 15 is provided with two outlets 15a and 15b,
The lightweight material 16 is discharged from the outlet 15a, and the heavy material 17 is discharged from the outlet 15b.

At the outlet 15b of the dust collector 15, a heavy goods carry-out conveyor 18 is installed. The heavy goods carry-out conveyor 18 is provided with a pair of front and rear pulleys 19 and 20 and an endless belt 21, like the supply conveyor 3. In the heavy goods carry-out conveyor 18, the heavy goods 17 supplied from the front is conveyed to the rear by the circulation of the endless belt 21.

An incinerator 22 is connected to the outlet 15a of the dust collector 15. The incinerator 22 reduces the amount of landfill waste by burning combustible materials in the lightweight material 16 and facilitates the selection of incombustible materials.
A sieving machine 23 is oscillatably installed below the outlet 22a of the incinerator 22, and the residue after incineration is supplied to this. Then, due to the vibration of the sieving machine 23, the material passing through the sieve (below the sieve) and the material remaining on the sieve (above the sieve) are separated.

The incombustible material remaining on the sieving machine 23 in this manner is conveyed to the metal sorting and collecting apparatus 25 in the next step. As shown in FIG. 1, the metal sorting and collecting apparatus 25 includes a crane 24 as a carrier, a magnetic sorting conveyor 26, a vibrating sieving machine 33, a metal transporting conveyor 39, an eddy current sorting machine 43, and a specific gravity liquid sorting machine. And 54. Seven pallets A, B, C, and
D, E, F, G are installed.

Next, each device constituting the metal sorting and collecting apparatus 25 will be described. A magnetic sorting conveyor 26 is installed below the crane 24. The magnetic sorting conveyor 26 comprises a front pulley 27, a rear pulley 28 as a rotating body, and an endless belt 29 hung on both pulleys 27, 28. The endless belt 29 is the pulley 2
It is orbitally driven by the rotation of 7,28. Rear pulley 2
A large number of permanent magnets (not shown) are embedded in the outer peripheral portion of 8, and the magnetism of these permanent magnets causes the incombustible material 30 after combustion to be a ferromagnetic material (mostly iron material) 31 and a non-ferromagnetic material 32. To be selected. Then, the ferromagnetic material 31 is collected in the pallet A.

Pulley 28 on the rear side of the magnetic sorting conveyor 26
A vibrating and sieving machine 33 is installed below. The vibrating sieving machine 33 includes a vibrating screen 34 for sieving the non-ferromagnetic material 32 according to the size of the non-ferromagnetic material 32.
Vibration imparting mechanism 35 for vibrating the vibrating screen 34
It has and. As shown in FIG. 3, the vibrating screen 3
4 has a large number of slits 36 extending in a direction perpendicular to the traveling direction H of the non-ferromagnetic material 32. The vibrating screen 34 is detachably attached to the vibration applying mechanism 35. In the vicinity of the vibrating sieving machine 33, a plurality of types of vibrating screens (not shown) having different intervals between the adjacent slits 36 are prepared, depending on the size of the shredded pieces 2 shredded by the shredder machine 7. ,
The vibrating screen 34 can be replaced as appropriate.

Thus, in the vibrating and sieving machine 33, as shown in FIG.
As shown by, the non-ferromagnetic material 32 is sorted into the large particle size material 37 remaining on the vibrating screen 34 and the small particle size material 38 passing through the slit 36 of the vibrating screen 34. The small particle size material 38 is then collected in the pallet B.

On the rear side of the vibrating and sieving machine 33, a metal transfer conveyor 39 is installed in an inclined state such that the rear side is higher. The metal transport conveyor 39 is a pair of front and rear pulleys 4.
0 and 41, and an endless belt 42 hung on both pulleys 40 and 41. The endless belt 42 is the pulley 4
It is orbitally driven by rotation of 0,41. Then, the large particle size material 37 left on the vibrating screen 34 and dropped on the metal transfer conveyor 39 is transferred backward as the endless belt 42 goes around.

An eddy current selector 43 is installed behind the metal transfer conveyor 39. The eddy current sorter 43
A pair of front and rear pulleys 44, 45, an external drum 46a,
An inner drum 46b as a rotating body including a magnetic pole piece, an endless belt 47, a belt drive motor 49a for driving the endless belt 47, and a drum drive motor 49b for rotating the inner drum 46b are provided. ing. In this eddy current sorter 43, the pulley 44 is rotated by the operation of the belt drive motor 49a, and the endless belt 47 is rotated.
Is lapped.

The inner drum 46b functions as an electromagnet. Specifically, an iron core is arranged in the inner drum 46b, and a coil is 120 ° around the iron core.
It is wound every time. By supplying three-phase alternating current to these coils, a magnetic flux that changes with time is generated in the outer peripheral portion of the internal drum 46b. This change in magnetic flux is the same as the mechanical movement of the magnetic pole of the permanent magnet.

Therefore, the ferromagnetic material 5 in the large particle size material 37 is
When 0 approaches the outer drum 46a, the ferromagnetic material 50 is affected by the magnetism of the inner drum 46b. Further, when the aluminum material 53 in the large particle diameter material 37 approaches the outer drum 46a, the aluminum material 53 is affected by the change in magnetic flux by the inner drum 46b. That is, an eddy current flows in the aluminum material 53 so as to prevent the magnetic flux from changing. Further, when the non-magnetic material 52 in the large particle size material 37 approaches the outer drum 46a, the non-magnetic material 52 is transferred to the inner drum 46a.
It is not affected by magnetism due to b or change in magnetic flux.

The change in magnetism and magnetic flux in the eddy current sorter 43 causes the ferromagnetic material 50 in the large particle size material 37 to change.
Are collected in pallet C, non-magnetic material 52 containing copper material is collected in pallet D, and aluminum material 53 is pallet E.
Will be collected.

A specific gravity liquid sorter 5 is provided on the rear side of the pallet D.
4 are installed. The specific gravity liquid sorter 54 has a specific gravity liquid 55.
Is provided with a rotary drum 56, and a rotation imparting mechanism 57 for rotationally driving the rotary drum 56. The specific gravity liquid 55 here is for selecting the copper material 66 and the light specific gravity substance (glass, earth and sand, etc.) 67 in the non-magnetic material 52 according to the magnitude of the specific gravity. Therefore, a liquid having a specific gravity of about 3 to 4, which is an intermediate value between the specific gravity of the copper material 66 and the specific gravity of the light specific gravity substance 67, is used as the specific gravity liquid 55. A large number of scraping blades 58 are attached to the inner peripheral surface of the rotary drum 56 at predetermined angles. In addition, a hopper 59 is arranged substantially in the center of the rotary drum 56, and a belt conveyor 60 is arranged immediately below the hopper 59. Then, the specific gravity liquid sorter 54 recovers the light specific gravity substance 67, which is lighter than the specific gravity liquid 55 among the non-magnetic materials 52 in the pallet D, into the pallet F, and the copper material 66 heavier than the specific gravity liquid 55 into the pallet G. Be recovered.

Since the specific gravity liquid 55 is attached to the copper material 66 in the pallet G, cleaning and drying are performed after the collection. In addition to the above configuration, in the present embodiment, the eddy current sorter 4
The following configuration is adopted in order to perform reliable selection even when the amount of the large-particle diameter substance 37 charged to 3 changes.

As shown in FIG. 4, the photoelectric switch 6 is provided on both sides of the endless belt 47 in the eddy current sorter 43.
1, 62, 63 are arranged in a state of being vertically separated from each other. These photoelectric switches 61, 62, 63 include light projectors 61a, 62a, 63a and light receivers 61b, 62b,
63b and an object (in this case, large particle material 37)
The presence or absence of is detected without contact. For this detection, the light projectors 61a to 63a emit light, and the light receivers 61b to 63b receive light from the light projectors 61a to 63a to turn on / off the contacts. Then, the projectors 61a to 63a and the light receiver 61
The object enters the optical path between b-63b and the projector 6
When the light from 1a to 63a is blocked, the contact of the switch is turned on and the passage of the large particle size substance 37 is detected. In this embodiment, the three pairs of photoelectric switches 61, 62, 63 are vertically spaced apart from each other to detect the amount of the large particle substance 37 passing therethrough.

The photoelectric switches 61 to 63 are electrically connected to a controller 64 as a control device.
A drum drive motor 49b is connected to the output side of the controller 64 via a drive circuit 65. The memory 64a of the controller 64 includes a drum drive motor 49
The rotation speed (first rotation speed V1, second rotation speed V2, third rotation speed V3) of the internal drum 46b by b is stored. These rotation speeds are V1 <V2 <V3
Is set to. And each photoelectric switch 61-63
The controller 64 drives the drum drive motor 49b through the drive circuit 65 to control the rotation speed of the internal drum 46b.

Next, the operation and effect of this embodiment constructed as described above will be described. Supply conveyor 3 of FIG.
When the scrap car 1 is placed on the scrap car 1, the scrap car 1 is conveyed rearward by the endless belt 6 and is put on the shredder machine 7. The scrap car 1 includes a pair of front and rear rollers 9, 1.
It is drawn between the both 9 and 10 by the rotation of 0 and finely crushed by the action of the crushing projections 9a and 10a. The crushed pieces 2 generated by the crushing are made of a combustible material such as a rubber material, a synthetic resin material, cotton and oil, and an incombustible material such as an iron material, an aluminum material and a copper material. When these crushed pieces 2 are discharged from the shredder machine 7 onto the crushed piece discharge conveyor 11, they are conveyed rearward by the circulation of the endless belt 14.

The various crushed pieces 2 conveyed by the crushed piece carry-out conveyor 11 are guided to the dust collector 15. In the dust collector 15, the crushed pieces 2 are lightweight (sheet scraps, resin scraps such as bumpers, metal materials such as aluminum materials, finely crushed iron materials, etc.) 16 and heavy materials (iron materials, copper materials, aluminum materials, zinc materials). Metal lumps 17 etc.). The heavy object 17 is discharged from the outlet 15b of the dust collector 15 and is sequentially guided to the heavy object carry-out conveyor 18. These heavy objects 17 are conveyed rearward by the circulation of the endless belt 21, and are manually taken out during the conveying process. Heavy items taken out 1
7 will be reused.

On the other hand, the lightweight material 16 is the exit 15 of the dust collector 15.
It is discharged from a and guided to the incinerator 22. In the incinerator 22, combustible materials such as sheet scraps and resin scraps in the lightweight material 16 are incinerated. The residue after burning is passed through a sieving machine 23 to remove ash and substances having a small particle size. Then, on the sieving machine 23, an incombustible material 30 made of iron material, aluminum material, copper material, glass pieces, etc. remains.

As described above, in this embodiment, the scrap car 1 is first crushed by the shredder machine 7. Most of the crushed pieces 2 after crushing are occupied by non-valuable materials such as rubber materials, synthetic resin materials, cotton, earth and sand, and the ratio of valuable iron materials, aluminum materials, and copper materials is small ( Less than 10%). All of these are the latter stage metal sorting and recovery device 2
If processing is to be performed by 5, the device 25 inevitably becomes large. However, in the present embodiment, the crushed pieces 2 are sorted by the dust collector 15 according to the weight difference, and the heavy object 17 made of a metal lump is taken out and reused. In addition, the combustible material in the lightweight material 16 is incinerated and removed by the incinerator 22. Therefore, the amount of the incombustible substance 30 left after removing a large amount of combustible substances is extremely smaller than the amount of the crushed pieces when not incinerated (both conventional techniques). In other words, this incineration process
The amount of waste sent to the latter-stage metal sorting and collecting apparatus 25 is reduced.

Incombustibles 3 remaining on the sieving machine 23
0 is conveyed by the crane 24 shown in FIG. The incombustible material 30 is first supplied onto the magnetic sorting conveyor 26, and the endless belt 29 is supplied.
It is transported to the rear as it goes around. The ferromagnetic material (mainly iron material) 31 in the conveyed incombustible material 30 is magnetized by the permanent magnet in the rear pulley 28 via the endless belt 29. Therefore, the ferromagnetic material 31 in the incombustible material 30 is conveyed while being attached to the endless belt 29. And
When the magnetic material 31 is conveyed to the lower side of the magnetic sorting conveyor 26 and the influence of magnetism due to the permanent magnets is weakened, the ferromagnetic material 31 leaves the endless belt 29 and is collected in the pallet A.

On the other hand, since the non-ferromagnetic material 32 in the incombustible material 30 is not influenced by the magnetism of the permanent magnet or is small, the non-ferromagnetic material 32 does not adhere to the endless belt 29, and the pulley 28 due to its own weight. To fall from. Further, even if the ferromagnetic material 31 has a small contact area with the endless belt 29, the influence of the magnetism of the permanent magnet is unlikely to be exerted, so that the ferromagnetic material 31 falls from the pulley 28 by its own weight.

Here, if the amount of waste (large particle size material 37) thrown into the eddy current sorter 43 in the subsequent stage is large, the magnetic effect can be exerted on a portion greatly separated from the endless belt 47, It becomes difficult to perform efficient selection. However, in the present embodiment, the iron material, which is a valuable metal, is sorted and collected by the magnetic sorting conveyor 26 as described above,
Most of the iron materials contained in the incombustible material 30 are removed early. It is possible to reduce the amount of the large-particle diameter substance 37 input to the eddy current selector 43 by the amount of this recovery and to efficiently recover the nonferrous metals such as the aluminum material 53 and the copper material 66.

In the magnetic sorting conveyor 26, most of the ferromagnetic material 31 is removed from the incombustible material 30 and the rest falls on the vibrating screen 34 of the vibrating sieving machine 33. Then, the vibrating screen 34 is activated by the operation of the vibration applying mechanism 35.
Of the non-ferromagnetic material 32, the large particle size material 3
7 remains on the vibrating screen 34. Most of the large particle size material 37 here is a non-ferrous metal such as a copper material and an aluminum material, and contains a small amount of a magnetic metal (iron material). Further, the small particle material 38 passes through the slits 36 of the vibrating screen 34 and falls, and is collected in the pallet B. The small particle size material 38 here is earth and sand, glass, or the like.
These items have almost no valuable value and will be landfilled.

The large particle size material 37 remaining on the vibrating screen 34 is sent backward due to the vibration of the vibrating screen 34, and is supplied to the metal conveying conveyor 39. The large-particle material 37 is conveyed backward as the endless belt 42 circulates and falls on the eddy current selector 43.

The internal drum 46b of the eddy current selector 43 has magnetism, and its magnetic flux changes with time. Therefore, when the large particle diameter material 37 approaches the external drum 46a as the endless belt 47 goes around, it is affected by the change in the magnetism or the magnetic flux thereof. That is, a magnetic attraction force acts on the ferromagnetic material (mainly iron material) in the large particle diameter material 37. In addition, an eddy current is generated in the aluminum material 53 in the large particle diameter material 37 due to a change in magnetic flux. In this case, the eddy current flows in such a direction as to prevent the change of the magnetic flux. Then, due to the eddy current and the direction of change of the magnetic flux of the internal drum 46b, a thrust force defined by Fleming's left-hand rule acts on the aluminum material 53. The direction K in which the thrust acts is the same as the direction in which the magnetic flux changes (the direction in which the magnetic field moves), that is, the direction toward the rear side.

Therefore, when the large particle size material 37 supplied to the eddy current selector 43 is sent backward by the endless belt 47, the ferromagnetic material (iron material) 50 in the large particle size material 37 is
Under the influence of magnetism of the inner drum 46b, the endless belt 4
7 is picked up and collected on the frontmost pallet C (closest to the external drum 46a). The non-magnetic material 52 in the large particle material 37 is not affected by the magnetic force. Therefore, the non-magnetic material 52 maintains the moving speed while moving along with the rotation of the endless belt 47, flies in the rotational tangential direction of the external drum 46a and falls, and is collected in the pallet D. Most of the copper material 66 is also collected in the pallet D due to its shape (being linear). The above-described thrust toward the rear is generated in the aluminum material 53. For this reason, the aluminum material 53 is used as the endless belt 47.
The thrust is added to the moving speed when moving along with the orbit. That is, the movement of the aluminum material 53 is accelerated. As a result, the aluminum material 53 vigorously flies along the rotational tangential direction of the external drum 46a, and when it flies farther than the non-magnetic material 52, it is recovered by the pallet E by its own weight.

By the way, when the eddy current selector 43 is operated, as shown in FIG. 4, the amount of the large particle material 37 on the endless belt 47 is detected by the photoelectric switches 61, 62, 63. When the passage of the large particle size substance 37 is detected by the photoelectric switches 61 to 63, the controller 64 determines the amount of the large particle size substance 37 based on the detection signal,
Based on the determination result, a drive signal for rotating the internal drum 46b is output to the drive circuit 65. That is, when only the lowermost photoelectric switch 61 is turned on, the controller 64 determines that the large particle size substance 37 is less than the average amount, and rotates the internal drum 46b at the first rotation speed V1. Output drive signal. When the bottom photoelectric switch 61 and the middle photoelectric switch 62 are turned on, the controller 64 determines that the large particle size substance 37 is in an average amount and sets the internal drum 46b to the second rotation speed V2.
The drive signal for rotating is output. Further, when all the three pairs of photoelectric switches 61 to 63 are turned on, the controller 64 determines that the large particle substance 37 is larger than the average amount, and rotates the internal drum 46b at the third rotation speed V3. Drive signal for outputting.

Here, when the amount of the large particle size material 37 supplied to the eddy current selector 43 increases, the aluminum material 53 in the large particle size material 37 separates from the endless belt 47,
The change in magnetism that affects the aluminum material 53 may be small. In this case, the eddy current flowing through the aluminum material 53 becomes smaller, and the distance that the eddy current sorter 43 is blown backward becomes smaller.
May not be collected inside.

However, in the present embodiment, as described above, the larger the amount of the large particle size material 37 supplied to the eddy current selector 43, the faster the inner drum 46b is rotationally driven.
Therefore, the rearward moving speed of the large particle size material 37 is increased, and the aluminum material 53 in the large particle size material 37 is blown away to the rear. At this time, the magnitude of the eddy current flowing through the aluminum material 53 is almost constant.
Therefore, in the present embodiment, the flight distance of the aluminum material 53 can always be kept substantially constant and the pallet E can be reliably recovered regardless of the amount of the large particle size material 37.

As shown in FIG. 1, the non-magnetic material (copper material, glass, earth and sand, etc.) 52 collected in the pallet D is put into the rotary drum 56 of the specific gravity liquid sorter 54. Here, the specific gravity of the copper material 66 is larger than the specific gravity of the glass, earth and sand, etc. that constitute the non-magnetic material 52, and moreover, the rotary drum 5
The specific gravity of the specific gravity liquid 55 in 6 is an intermediate value (3 to 4) between the specific gravity of the glass or the like and the specific gravity of the copper material 66. For this reason, the copper material 66 of the material charged in the rotary drum 56 is used.
Is sunk into the specific gravity liquid 55 and enters between the adjacent scraping blades 58. The copper material 66 between the scraping blades 58 is the rotary drum 56.
It is conveyed upward as it rotates. And copper material 6
When 6 is conveyed to above the rotary drum 56, it passes through the hopper 59 in the central portion by its own weight and is dropped onto the belt conveyor 60. The copper material 66 is carried out of the rotary drum 56 by the circulation of the belt conveyor 60 and collected in the pallet G. Since the specific gravity liquid 55 is attached to the copper material 66 separately collected in the pallet G, cleaning and drying are performed after the collection.

On the other hand, glass, earth and sand, and the like, which have been put into the rotary drum 56, float in the specific gravity liquid 55. These are the rotating drum 56 continuously or at regular intervals.
After being carried out and collected in the pallet F, it is landfilled.

As described above, in this embodiment, the incombustible material 30 is transferred to the ferromagnetic material 31 and the non-ferromagnetic material 3 by the magnetic sorting conveyor 26.
2, the non-ferromagnetic material 32 is classified into a large particle size material 37 and a small particle size material 38 by a vibration sieving machine 33, and the large particle size material 37 is a ferromagnetic material by an eddy current sorting machine 43. 50, an aluminum material 53, and a non-magnetic material 52 containing a copper material, and the specific gravity liquid sorter 54 sorts the non-magnetic material 52 into a copper material 66 and a light specific gravity material 67. Therefore, unlike the prior art, the ferromagnetic materials (iron materials) 31, 50, the aluminum material 53, and the copper material 66 can be separately and accurately recovered from the crushed pieces 2 of the scrap car 1.

Further, in this embodiment, the vibrating screen 34 of the vibrating and sieving machine 33 is constructed so that it can be attached to and detached from the vibrating mechanism 35, so that the size of the shredded pieces 2 shredded by the shredder machine 7 can be adjusted. Then, the vibrating screen 34 can be appropriately replaced to perform efficient selection.

Further, according to the present embodiment, valuable metals (iron material, aluminum material 53, copper material 66) are recovered from the incombustible material 30 after incineration, so that the final waste to be landfilled is the final waste. The amount of can be reduced. Therefore, in addition to the cost merit of recovering valuable metals, the disposal cost can be reduced by reducing the amount of landfill disposal and the life of the landfill site can be extended.

The present invention is not limited to the configuration of the above-mentioned embodiment, and may be arbitrarily modified within the scope not departing from the spirit of the invention as follows. (1) In the above embodiment, the slit 36 is used as the vibrating screen 34 in the vibrating sieving machine 33.
Although a vibrating screen having a so-called mesh-like slit in which a slit parallel to the traveling direction H is added may be employed.

(2) Specific gravity liquid 5 in the specific gravity liquid sorter 54
Instead of 5, pseudo heavy liquid such as ferrosilicon may be used. Ferrosilicon is a crude ferroalloy containing 15-95% silicon. In this case, it is possible to return only ferrosilicon to the specific gravity liquid sorter 54 after washing and drying, which is advantageous in terms of reduction of running cost.

(3) As the specific gravity liquid sorter 54, a type utilizing a water flow may be used in addition to the type utilizing the rotation of the rotary drum 56 to recover the copper material 66. In the case of this type, the specific gravity liquid is made to flow in a certain direction, and a belt conveyor is arranged below the specific gravity liquid.
Then, the glass, earth and sand floating in the specific gravity liquid are collected according to the flow of the specific gravity liquid, and the copper material sinking in the specific gravity liquid is collected by the circulation of the endless belt of the belt conveyor.

(4) In the above embodiment, the eddy current sorter 4 is used.
The rotation speed of the internal drum 46b was variably controlled in order to compensate for the case where the amount of the large particle material 37 charged to the No. 3 was changed, but the magnitude of the magnetic field by the internal drum 46b was changed by using an inverter or the like. Variably controlled, aluminum material 5
You may make it adjust the magnitude of the eddy current which flows into 3. In this case, the magnetic field generated by the internal drum 46b is increased as the amount of the large particle size material 37 increases. By doing so, the aluminum material 53 can be reliably selected even when the amount of the large particle diameter substance 37 changed, as in the above-described embodiment.

(5) As the shredder machine 7 in the above-mentioned embodiment, one having a mechanism of crushing waste by shearing, one having a mechanism of crushing waste by a high-speed hammer, and the like may be used.

(6) As the dust collector 15, other than the above-mentioned embodiment, various devices using the principles of inertia, centrifugal force, washing, filtration and the like can be used. (7) Although the crane 24 is used as the carrier of the incombustible material 30 in the above-mentioned embodiment, a belt conveyor may be used instead.

(8) The present invention can be applied to a case where a useful metal material is selected from various wastes such as general municipal waste in addition to the waste car 1.

[0063]

As described in detail above, according to the present invention, a metal sorting and collecting apparatus is constituted by a carrier, a magnetic sorting conveyor, a vibrating sieving machine, an eddy current sorting machine, and a specific gravity liquid sorting machine. The combustibles inside are removed by incineration, and the incombustibles that are the residue are put into a metal sorting and collecting device, which makes it possible to downsize the entire device and select copper materials with high valuable value independently. Produce the effect.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a metal selection and recovery apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic process diagram of a pretreatment performed prior to selective recovery of metals in one example.

FIG. 3 is a plan view of a vibrating screen of a vibrating screener according to an embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an eddy current sorter in one embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Scrap vehicle as waste, 2 ... Crushed pieces, 24 ... Crane as a carrier, 25 ... Metal sorting / collecting device, 26 ... Magnetic sorting conveyor, 28 ... Pulley as a rotating body, 29, 4
7 ... Endless belt, 30 ... Incombustible material, 31, 50 ... Ferromagnetic material, 32 ... Non-ferromagnetic material, 33 ... Vibrating screener, 34 ... Vibrating screen, 37 ... Large particle size material, 38 ... Small particle size material ,
43 ... Eddy current sorter, 46b ... Internal drum as a rotating body, 52 ... Non-magnetic material, 53 ... Aluminum material, 54 ...
Specific gravity liquid sorter, 55 ... Specific gravity liquid, 66 ... Copper material, 67 ... Light specific gravity substance

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁵ Identification code Office reference number FI technical display area B09B 5/00 M // B07B 9/00 A

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A metal selection / recovery device for waste, which selects and recovers a ferromagnetic material, an aluminum material, and a copper material from crushed pieces obtained by crushing the waste, and the combustible material in the crushed pieces. A conveyor that conveys the incombustibles remaining after incineration and removal, a rotating body that has magnetism, and an endless belt that rotates with the rotation of the rotating body and that can convey the incombustibles thrown in by the conveyor. A magnetic sorting conveyor for sorting the incombustible material into a ferromagnetic material and a non-ferromagnetic material by causing the magnetism of the rotating body to act on the ferromagnetic material in the incombustible material to attract the endless belt. A vibrating screen capable of accommodating the non-ferromagnetic material sorted by the sorting conveyor is provided, and the non-ferromagnetic material is forced to vibrate, thereby causing the non-ferromagnetic material to remain on the vibrating screen. Vibration A vibrating and sieving machine that sorts small-sized particles that pass through clean, a rotating body that has magnetism, and whose magnetic flux changes with time, and orbits as the rotating body rotates, and sorts with the vibrating sieving machine. It is equipped with an endless belt capable of transporting the large particle size material, and the magnetism of the rotating body is made to act on the ferromagnetic material in the large particle size material so that it is attracted to the endless belt. A eddy current is generated by causing a change in the magnetic flux by the rotating body to act on the material, and a thrust force in the same direction as the direction in which the magnetic flux changes is generated. An eddy current sorter that sorts into a non-magnetic material containing a copper material, and a specific gravity liquid having a specific gravity different from the specific gravity of the non-magnetic material sorted by the eddy current sorter, and a plurality of constituent non-magnetic materials. Between the substances of Metal sorting of wastes, characterized by comprising a non-magnetic material, a copper material that sinks in the specific gravity liquid, and a specific gravity liquid sorting machine that sorts into a light specific gravity substance suspended in the specific gravity liquid using the difference in weight Recovery device.