ES2342350A1 - Procedure for recovery of metals through an electronic ecological system with the simultaneous separation of aluminum (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Procedure for recovery of metals through an electronic ecological system with the simultaneous separation of aluminum (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) Download PDF

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Publication number
ES2342350A1
ES2342350A1 ES200602727A ES200602727A ES2342350A1 ES 2342350 A1 ES2342350 A1 ES 2342350A1 ES 200602727 A ES200602727 A ES 200602727A ES 200602727 A ES200602727 A ES 200602727A ES 2342350 A1 ES2342350 A1 ES 2342350A1
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metals
aluminum
electronic
elements
container
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ES2342350B1 (en
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Claudino Jose Cardoso Saturnino
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03CMAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C1/00Magnetic separation
    • B03C1/02Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
    • B03C1/16Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated with material carriers in the form of belts

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  • Sorting Of Articles (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

Metal recovery procedure by means of an electronic ecological system with the simultaneous separation of aluminum consisting of a process designed to separate the mixed metals in a garbage dump, culminating in a stage in which the aluminum elements are separated from the rest of metals, characterized by being developed in industrial machines consisting of an initial pour hopper (1), three conveyor belts (2.1) (2.2) (2.3), two electronic metal detectors (3.1) (3.2), an electronic metal detector with inductor of foucault currents (3.3), three blower elements (4.1) (4.2) (4.3) activated by their corresponding electrovalves (7). The assembly is commanded by a control center (8) with the result of garbage collection in primary (5.1) and secondary (5.2) drawers, intermediate storage in containers (6.1) and (6.2), final collection of various metals in the container (6.3) and final collection of aluminum elements in the container (6.4). (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

Procedimiento de recuperación de metales mediante un sistema ecológico electrónico con la separación simultánea del aluminio.Metal recovery procedure through an electronic ecological system with separation Simultaneous aluminum.

Introducción Introduction

La presente invención se refiere a un procedimiento que permite separar todos los metales existentes en vertidos de chatarra de diversas procedencias de tal manera que, después de la circulación de todos los productos de vertido a través de la máquina que los procesa, quedan agrupados los productos de deshecho en recipientes de basura y los metales en otro recipiente. Además se incorpora un último tratamiento del grupo de metales que permite separar el metal aluminio de dicho grupo. El resultado final es que se concentra toda la basura no metálica en un recipiente, el aluminio en otro recipiente y el resto de metales en otro.The present invention relates to a procedure that allows to separate all existing metals in discharges of scrap from various sources in such a way that, After the circulation of all spillage products through of the machine that processes them, the products of disposed of in trash containers and metals in another container. It also incorporates a final treatment of the group of metals that allows separating the aluminum metal from said group. The final result is that all non-metallic garbage is concentrated in a container, the aluminum in another container and the rest of metals in another.

Este es un primer paso que emprende el autor de la presente invención con el objetivo final de conseguir un procedimiento que además de separar la basura no metálica para su traslado a vertedero, clasifica por grupos los diferentes metales existentes en la carga original.This is a first step undertaken by the author of the present invention with the ultimate goal of achieving a procedure that apart from separating non-metallic garbage for transfer to landfill, classify the different metals by groups existing in the original load.

Este procedimiento es ecológico, sirve para preservar la naturaleza de vertidos contaminantes y permite recuperar materiales metálicos para su reciclado.This procedure is ecological, it serves to preserve the nature of polluting spills and allows Recover metal materials for recycling.

Sector de la técnica al que se refiere la invenciónSector of the technique to which the invention relates

La invención que se presenta afecta al Sector de Técnicas Industriales Diversas en sus apartados de separación y clasificación de sólidos, incidiendo en la industria relacionada con el aprovechamiento de chatarras y con la protección medioambiental.The invention presented affects the Sector of Various Industrial Techniques in their sections of separation and classification of solids, affecting the industry related to the use of scrap metal and with protection environmental.

Antecedentes de la invenciónBackground of the invention

Los antecedentes principales de la presente invención se concretan en los sistemas modernos para el aprovechamiento de materiales de desecho ante el importante y creciente volumen de chatarras y vertidos de todo tipo. Antiguamente los materiales de desecho iban directamente a basureros o vertederos y se perdían y descomponían en esos lugares donde eran incinerados o simplemente abandonados con la consiguiente contaminación del medio ambiente.The main background of this invention are embodied in modern systems for the use of waste materials before the important and increasing volume of scrap and spills of all kinds. Formerly waste materials went directly to landfills or dumps and they were lost and decomposed in those places where they were cremated or simply abandoned with the consequent contamination of the environment ambient.

Al tomar conciencia de esta problemática, los poderes públicos e incluso las iniciativas privadas potenciaron las instalaciones de aprovechamiento de materiales con fines puramente económicos y de preservación del medio ambiente.By becoming aware of this problem, the public authorities and even private initiatives enhanced the material harvesting facilities for purely purposes Economic and environmental preservation.

Son bien conocidos los cementerios de automóviles donde su propio volumen obligaba a un tratamiento especial o reciclado de materiales para evitar una expansión ilimitada. Hoy día se asiste, además, a un aumento en progresión geométrica de otros tipos de chatarras como las relacionadas con todo tipo de electrodomésticos e incluso con los aparatos informáticos que generan lo que se conoce como chatarra electrónica.The cemeteries of cars where their own volume forced a treatment Special or recycled materials to prevent expansion unlimited Today, there is also an increase in progression geometric of other types of scrap metal such as those related to all kinds of appliances and even with appliances computer scientists who generate what is known as scrap metal electronics.

Los primeros pasos de aprovechamiento se dirigieron hacia las chatarras férricas cuya separación y recuperación es relativamente sencilla. Se han desarrollado también procedimientos para el aprovechamiento de metales no férricos y es en ese campo donde quiere incidir el autor de la presente invención que con su experiencia ha constatado serias dificultades para la separación de metales no férricos de pequeñas dimensiones y esa es la razón que le ha inducido a la presentación de la presente idea.The first steps of exploitation are they headed for the iron scrap whose separation and Recovery is relatively simple. They have also developed procedures for the use of non-ferrous metals and is in that field where the author of the present invention wants to influence that with his experience he has found serious difficulties for the separation of non-ferrous metals of small dimensions and that is the reason that has led to the presentation of this idea.

A título de ejemplo se pueden mencionar los separadores de corrientes de Foucault, que funcionan por medio de un rotor magnético que gira a alta velocidad y que no son eficaces con los hilos de cobre, el acero inoxidable, el plomo y, dependiendo de su forma geométrica, el cobre, el bronce el latón y la calamina, por lo que se pierden.As an example you can mention the Foucault current separators, which operate by means of a magnetic rotor that rotates at high speed and that are not effective with copper wires, stainless steel, lead and, depending on its geometric shape, copper, brass, brass and calamine, for What they lose.

Podemos mencionar también los sistemas de separación por flotación que funcionan por densidad y que utilizan agua mezclada con hierro-silicio presentando muchos y serios inconvenientes además de la propia contaminación del agua utilizada.We can also mention the systems of flotation separation that work by density and that use water mixed with iron-silicon presenting many and serious inconveniences in addition to the water pollution itself used

Descripción de la invenciónDescription of the invention

La presente invención se refiere a un procedimiento para separar todos los metales, no férricos, existentes en vertidos de chatarra de diversas procedencias de tal manera que, después de la circulación de todos los productos de vertido a través de la máquina que los procesa, quedan agrupados en un recipiente los productos de desecho y los metales en otro. El proceso de selección se culmina con la separación de las piezas de aluminio.The present invention relates to a procedure to separate all metals, non-ferrous, existing in scrap spills from various sources of such so that, after the circulation of all products of poured through the machine that processes them, they are grouped in one container waste products and metals in another. He selection process is culminated with the separation of the pieces of aluminum.

El procedimiento en cuestión se basa en procesar los materiales no férricos a través de una serie de cintas transportadoras que están equipadas de detectores electrónicos de metales. En cuanto se produce tal detección se procede a realizar un soplado lateral muy enérgico con aire comprimido que desvía la trayectoria de los metales detectados.The procedure in question is based on processing non-ferrous materials through a series of tapes conveyors that are equipped with electronic detectors of metals As soon as such detection occurs, a very vigorous lateral blowing with compressed air that deflects the trajectory of the detected metals.

Téngase en cuenta que los sistemas actuales que funcionan por el principio de detección electrónica de metales utilizan la inercia de los mismos, que son proyectados a determinada velocidad, siendo detectados y soplados en la trayectoria de caída. Estos sistemas no resuelven el problema de la dimensión de cada partícula, pues cada cambio de dimensión cambia la trayectoria, siendo aun más grave cuando el material está mojado ya que éste queda pegado en la cinta transportadora impidiendo así su separación.Note that the current systems that operate by the principle of electronic metal detection they use their inertia, which are projected to a certain speed, being detected and blown in the fall path. These systems do not solve the problem of the dimension of each particle, because each change of dimension changes the trajectory, being even more serious when the material is wet since it it is stuck on the conveyor belt thus preventing its separation.

El autor de la presente invención, en pruebas realizadas hasta el momento en una instalación prototipo, con una gran variedad de metales, ha constatado que es posible la recuperación de todos los metales a partir de, por ejemplo, un hilo de cobre de dos décimas de milímetro por diez milímetros de longitud (0,2 x 10 mm), incluso en el caso de encontrarse mojada la cinta transportadora que es la peor de las situaciones en que se trabaja cuando los materiales están expuestos a la intemperie.The author of the present invention, in evidence made so far in a prototype installation, with a great variety of metals, has found that the recovery of all metals from, for example, a thread copper two tenths of a millimeter by ten millimeters in length (0.2 x 10 mm), even if the tape is wet transporter that is the worst of the situations in which you work when the materials are exposed to the weather.

Breve descripción de los dibujosBrief description of the drawings

Se incluye una sola figura con el siguiente significado:A single figure is included with the following meaning:

Figura 1Figure one

Representa de forma esquemática el proceso de separación de metales que se desarrolla sobre una máquina-instalación dotada de una serie de elementos que intervienen progresivamente para llevar a la práctica la separación de metales que se persigue, bien entendido que el objeto concreto de esta invención es el proceso propiamente dicho pudiendo tener la máquina formas diferentes o incluso varias líneas sobre la misma máquina. Sobre una vista de conjunto en perspectiva se distinguen los siguientes elementos:Schematically represents the process of metal separation that develops on a machine-installation equipped with a series of elements that intervene progressively to implement the metal separation that is pursued, well understood that the object concrete of this invention is the process itself being able to have the machine different forms or even several lines on the same machine On an overall perspective view, distinguish the following elements:

- 1- one
Tolva de descargaDischarge hopper

- 2.1 - 2.1
Cinta transportadora inicialInitial conveyor belt

- 2.2 - 2.2
Cinta transportadora intermediaIntermediate conveyor belt

- 2.3 - 2.3
Cinta transportadora finalFinal conveyor belt

- 3.1 - 3.1
Detector electrónico de metales en primera faseElectronic first metal detector phase

- 3.2 - 3.2
Detector electrónico de metales en segunda faseElectronic metal detector in second phase

- 3.3 - 3.3
Detector electrónico de metales con inductor de corrientes de FoucaultElectronic metal detector with inductor eddy currents

- 4.1 - 4.1
Soplador primera faseFirst phase blower

- 4.2 - 4.2
Soplador segunda faseSecond phase blower

- 4.3 - 4.3
Soplador tercera faseThird phase blower

- 5.1 - 5.1
Cajón de basura primarioPrimary trash bin

- 5.2 - 5.2
Cajón de basura secundarioSecondary trash can

- 6.1 - 6.1
Recipiente colector primarioPrimary collecting container

- 6.2 - 6.2
Recipiente colector secundarioSecondary Collector Vessel

- 6.3 - 6.3
Recipiente colector terciarioTertiary collector container

- 6.4 - 6.4
Recipiente colector exclusivo de aluminioExclusive aluminum collector container

- 7 - 7
ElectroválvulaSolenoid valve

- 8 - 8
Central de control.Control center.
Descripción de una forma de realización preferidaDescription of a preferred embodiment

En una forma de realización preferida del procedimiento de recuperación de metales mediante un sistema ecológico electrónico con la separación simultánea del aluminio, objeto de la presente invención, el proceso se desarrolla en una instalación esquemática representada en la figura 1.In a preferred embodiment of the metal recovery procedure through a system eco-friendly with simultaneous separation of aluminum, object of the present invention, the process is developed in a schematic installation shown in figure 1.

       \newpage\ newpage
    

De acuerdo con lo explicado en puntos anteriores de esta memoria, se supone que ha existido una fase previa en la que se ha procedido a separar los materiales férricos por lo que los productos que se vierten en la tolva de descarga (1) están constituidos por una mezcla de metales, que son los que se pretende separar, y un resto de materiales de todo tipo que denominaremos basura.As explained in previous points of this memory, it is assumed that there has been a previous phase in which it has proceeded to separate the ferrous materials so the products that are poured into the discharge hopper (1) are constituted by a mixture of metals, which are the ones that are intended separate, and other materials of all kinds that we will call trash.

Así, la mezcla vertida en la tolva de descarga (1) pasa y se esparce sobre una cinta transportadora (2.1) en cuya parte inferior se dispone de un detector electrónico de metales en primera fase (3.1). En cuanto se produce la detección de algún elemento metálico se transmite la información sobre su posicionamiento a una central de control (8) que, ordenando la apertura de una electroválvula (7), activa el dispositivo soplador (4.1) provocando el desvío de los materiales metálicos hacia el recipiente colector primario (6.1) y permitiendo al resto de los materiales que continúen hasta precipitarse en el cajón de basura primario (5.1).Thus, the mixture poured into the discharge hopper (1) passes and spreads on a conveyor belt (2.1) in whose bottom part there is an electronic metal detector in First phase (3.1). As soon as the detection of some metallic element is transmitted information about your positioning to a control center (8) which, ordering the opening of a solenoid valve (7), activates the blower device (4.1) causing the diversion of metallic materials towards the primary collection vessel (6.1) and allowing the rest of the materials that continue until they rush into the garbage bin primary (5.1).

Esta es la base del procedimiento pero la práctica demuestra que en esta primera fase no se produce la separación completa de metales y basura por lo que se procede a repetir el proceso con un vertido y esparcido de la mezcla contenida en el colector primario (6.1) sobre la cinta transportadora (2.2) que, a su vez, está equipada con el detector electrónico de metales (3.2) que transmite presencia y posicionamiento a la central de control (8) que, nuevamente, ordena la apertura de la electroválvula correspondiente (7), activando el soplador (4.2), desviando los materiales metálicos hacia el recipiente colector secundario (6.2) y dejando al resto de materiales que se vierta en el cajón de basura secundario (5.2).This is the basis of the procedure but the practice shows that in this first phase the complete separation of metals and garbage so we proceed to repeat the process with a pour and spread of the contained mixture in the primary manifold (6.1) on the conveyor belt (2.2) which, in turn, is equipped with the electronic metal detector (3.2) that transmits presence and positioning to the central control (8) that, again, orders the opening of the solenoid valve corresponding (7), activating the blower (4.2), deflecting the metallic materials towards the secondary collection vessel (6.2) and leaving the rest of the materials to be poured into the garbage bin secondary (5.2).

Cumplida esta etapa se dispone en el recipiente colector secundario (6.2) de una mezcla de materiales metálicos (no férricos), exentos de basura, lo cual es uno de los objetivos perseguidos. Pero el autor de la presente invención considera muy interesante completar el procedimiento con una clasificación de tales metales en dos grupos: en el primero se agruparán todos los elementos metálicos de aluminio y en el segundo quedará todo el resto.Once this stage is completed, it is arranged in the container secondary manifold (6.2) of a mixture of metallic materials (not iron), free of garbage, which is one of the objectives persecuted But the author of the present invention considers very interesting to complete the procedure with a classification of such metals in two groups: in the first group all the aluminum metal elements and in the second one will be all the rest.

Para ello, el contenido del recipiente colector terciario (6.3) se vierte y esparce sobre la cinta transportadora (2.3) que, en el lugar adecuado, dispone de un detector electrónico de metales con inductor de corrientes de Foucault (3.3). Cuando las piezas de aluminio son detectadas, el efecto de las corrientes de Foucault las proyecta ligeramente hacia arriba, a la vez que son desviadas, hacia el recipiente colector de aluminio (6.4), por el soplador (4.3) que es activado por apertura de la electroválvula (7), ordenada por la central de control (8). El resto del material metálico, ya exento de aluminio se vierte en el recipiente colector terciario (6.3).For this, the contents of the collecting container tertiary (6.3) is poured and spread on the conveyor belt (2.3) which, in the right place, has an electronic detector of metals with Foucault current inductor (3.3). When the Aluminum parts are detected, the effect of the currents of Foucault projects them slightly upwards, while they are diverted, towards the aluminum collecting vessel (6.4), by the blower (4.3) which is activated by opening the solenoid valve (7), ordered by the control center (8). The rest of the material metallic, already free of aluminum, is poured into the collecting container tertiary (6.3).

El autor de la presente invención concibe la posibilidad de aumentar la capacidad del proceso duplicando o triplicando las cintas transportadoras (2.1), (2.2) y (2.3) con sus correspondientes elementos complementarios.The author of the present invention conceives the possibility of increasing the capacity of the process by doubling or tripling the conveyor belts (2.1), (2.2) and (2.3) with their corresponding complementary elements.

No se considera necesario hacer más extenso el contenido de esta descripción para que un experto en la materia pueda comprender el alcance y las ventajas derivadas de la invención, así como desarrollar y llevar a la práctica el objeto de la misma. Sin embargo, debe entenderse que la invención ha sido descrita según una realización preferida de la misma, por lo que puede ser susceptible de modificaciones sin que ello suponga alteración alguna del fundamento de dicha invención; es decir, los términos en que ha quedado expuesta esta descripción preferida de la invención, deberán ser tomados siempre con carácter amplio y no limitativo.It is not considered necessary to make the content of this description for a subject matter expert can understand the scope and advantages derived from the invention, as well as develop and implement the object of the same. However, it should be understood that the invention has been described according to a preferred embodiment thereof, whereby may be subject to change without implying any alteration of the basis of said invention; that is, the terms in which this preferred description of the invention, should always be taken broadly and not limitative.

Claims (1)

1. Procedimiento de recuperación de metales mediante un sistema ecológico electrónico con la separación simultánea del aluminio consistente en un proceso industrial concebido para separar los metales contenidos en un vertido general de la basura con la que están mezclados, culminando en una etapa en la que se separan los elementos de metal aluminio del resto de elementos de metales diversos, caracterizado por desarrollarse en máquinas industriales que constan de una tolva de vertido inicial (1), tres cintas transportadoras (2.1) (2.2) (2.3), dos detectores electrónicos de metales (3.1) (3.2), un detector electrónico de metales con inductor de corrientes de Foucault (3.3), tres elementos sopladores (4.1) (4.2) (4.3) activados por sus correspondientes electroválvulas (7). El conjunto está comandado por una central de control (8) con el resultado de acopio de basuras en cajones primario (5.1) y secundario (5.2), acopios intermedios en recipientes (6.1) y (6.2), acopio final de metales diversos en recipiente (6.3) y acopio final de elementos de aluminio en recipiente (6.4).1. Procedure for the recovery of metals by means of an electronic ecological system with the simultaneous separation of aluminum consisting of an industrial process designed to separate the metals contained in a general waste dump with which they are mixed, culminating in a stage in which They separate the aluminum metal elements from the rest of the various metal elements, characterized by being developed in industrial machines consisting of an initial pouring hopper (1), three conveyor belts (2.1) (2.2) (2.3), two electronic metal detectors (3.1) (3.2), an electronic metal detector with eddy current inductor (3.3), three blower elements (4.1) (4.2) (4.3) activated by their corresponding solenoid valves (7). The assembly is commanded by a control center (8) with the result of garbage collection in primary (5.1) and secondary (5.2) drawers, intermediate preparations in containers (6.1) and (6.2), final collection of various metals in container (6.3) and final collection of aluminum elements in container (6.4).
ES200602727A 2006-10-23 2006-10-23 METAL RECOVERY PROCEDURE THROUGH AN ELECTRONIC ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM WITH THE SIMULTANEOUS ALUMINUM SEPARATION. Withdrawn - After Issue ES2342350B1 (en)

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ES200602727A ES2342350B1 (en) 2006-10-23 2006-10-23 METAL RECOVERY PROCEDURE THROUGH AN ELECTRONIC ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM WITH THE SIMULTANEOUS ALUMINUM SEPARATION.

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ES200602727A ES2342350B1 (en) 2006-10-23 2006-10-23 METAL RECOVERY PROCEDURE THROUGH AN ELECTRONIC ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM WITH THE SIMULTANEOUS ALUMINUM SEPARATION.

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3133176A1 (en) * 2015-08-17 2017-02-22 Hydro Aluminium Recycling Deutshland GmbH Sorting of aluminium alloys using electrical conductivity values
CN111572862A (en) * 2020-05-20 2020-08-25 青岛英飞凌电子技术有限公司 Intelligence ladder accuse is with terraced room door tectorial membrane device
GB2563639B (en) * 2017-06-21 2022-05-18 Ecohog Ltd An aggregate separation apparatus

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0691197A (en) * 1992-09-10 1994-04-05 Toyota Motor Corp Screening and recovering device of metal from waste
FR2714309A1 (en) * 1993-12-28 1995-06-30 Delta Neu Installation for separating three different types of waste having non-ferrous metal base from bulk household waste
EP1364715A2 (en) * 2002-04-04 2003-11-26 Consultec Engineering di Aquaro Francesco & C.sas Equipment for the selection of not ferromagnetic metallic materials from Municipal Industrial Solid Waste based on the principle of the eddy currents induced by variable electromagnetic fields

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0691197A (en) * 1992-09-10 1994-04-05 Toyota Motor Corp Screening and recovering device of metal from waste
FR2714309A1 (en) * 1993-12-28 1995-06-30 Delta Neu Installation for separating three different types of waste having non-ferrous metal base from bulk household waste
EP1364715A2 (en) * 2002-04-04 2003-11-26 Consultec Engineering di Aquaro Francesco & C.sas Equipment for the selection of not ferromagnetic metallic materials from Municipal Industrial Solid Waste based on the principle of the eddy currents induced by variable electromagnetic fields

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3133176A1 (en) * 2015-08-17 2017-02-22 Hydro Aluminium Recycling Deutshland GmbH Sorting of aluminium alloys using electrical conductivity values
WO2017029306A1 (en) * 2015-08-17 2017-02-23 Hydro Aluminium Recycling Deutschland Gmbh Sorting of aluminium alloys on the basis of electrical conductivity values
US10493495B2 (en) 2015-08-17 2019-12-03 Hydro Aluminium Recycling Deutschland Gmbh Sorting of aluminium alloys on the basis of electrical conductivity values
GB2563639B (en) * 2017-06-21 2022-05-18 Ecohog Ltd An aggregate separation apparatus
CN111572862A (en) * 2020-05-20 2020-08-25 青岛英飞凌电子技术有限公司 Intelligence ladder accuse is with terraced room door tectorial membrane device

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