JPH0675453B2 - Permanent cultivation method of deciduous fruit trees - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the fruiting of deciduous fruit trees at any time,
Regarding how to harvest.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As for the fruits currently produced, seedlings are planted in a field, cultivated, wait for the growth of the trees, and then the fruits that have produced fruits are harvested. Further, in recent years, facility cultivation for early harvesting of fruits using a vinyl house, a greenhouse or the like having an adjusted temperature environment is increasing. Meanwhile, harvested fruits are stored at low temperatures. Until now, there has been no method of storing fruit seedlings for a long period of time and harvesting fresh fruits from time to time while controlling the cultivation time. As described above, the decrease in the utilization value of the storage plant is mainly due to natural consumption based on the living action, that is, physiological deterioration in many cases. On the other hand, the parasitism of microorganisms acting from the outside, or damages caused during storage or during storage also cause a decrease in value.

Therefore, in order to store a plant body (perennial fruit tree seedlings) for a long period of time, it is necessary to artificially control the physiological action due to the aforementioned factors to prolong the life of the plant body. Will be needed. Since such physiological alterations are mainly due to respiratory action, it is possible to stop the respiratory action during long-term storage, but apnea causes rapid alteration and loses its utility value. Inconvenience occurred. Therefore, it was necessary to maintain the oxygen system for respiration normal and to control its activity to the maximum extent. A commonly used method for controlling respiratory action is a cold storage method. Cold storage methods are effective in controlling respiratory action,
The storage period can be extended by adding another method, a method of adjusting the gas composition during storage, to this method. Therefore, in order to reduce the heat generated by respiration of the mulberry leaves themselves and the consumption of nutrients, the cut mulberry leaves can be stored under a controlled gas condition for a long time in a fresh state, and the storage method is Japanese Patent Publication 44-192
1, Japanese Patent Publication No. 46-10014, Japanese Patent Publication No. 48
It is disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. -10197.

[0004]

However, in the case of deciduous fruits, cultivation management is required for 4 years or more from planting seedlings in the field to becoming mature and fruiting.
Since it rarely uses greenhouses and other institutional cultivation, there was a strong desire for fruit tree facility farmers to improve the utilization efficiency of the facility. Furthermore, the harvesting of fruits has been limited to once a year because of the dormancy phenomenon during the winter period due to the physiological action of plants, and therefore, the harvesting of fruits throughout the year has been desired. Therefore, the present invention makes it possible to achieve fruit harvest throughout the year by using the same facility as the vegetables and the like that are cultivated in a facility.

[0005]

Means for Solving the Problems The method for cultivating and harvesting a long-term deciduous fruit tree according to the present invention comprises a first growth step in which a seedling of a deciduous fruit is subjected to thinning and plucking treatments and growth is controlled by a growth regulator. Oxygen gas concentration 5-10%, carbon dioxide concentration 5-10
%, Nitrogen gas concentration 80 to 90%, temperature 0 ° C to -2.5 ° C
A storage process of storing in adjusted air that does not enter
About 150 days before the desired fruit setting period, a second growth step is carried out, in which seedlings of deciduous fruits are delivered from the adjusted air at any time and planted, and the cultivation management is adapted to the variety characteristics of the fruit tree.

[0006]

The organs of the growing fruit tree have weak resistance to adverse conditions in the external environment, such as low temperature, dryness and light heat, while the dormant organs have high resistance. Therefore, stopping growth and entering dormancy before the start of the unseasonable season ensures fruit tree survival. The whole deciduous fruit tree enters dormancy after defoliation, and after a low temperature period, it wakes up from dormancy in the next spring. Then, the deciduous fruit tree does not germinate and flower, or germinates only after a certain low temperature period after defoliation. The length of low temperature depends on the type of fruit tree,
The end period of spontaneous dormancy is usually mid-January for peaches, plums, and apples, and the middle of February for grapes. In addition, the low temperature requirement differs not only according to the type and variety of fruit trees, but also depending on the location. The required number of hours is also not constant depending on the temperature, but the low temperature requirement revealed up to now is 7.5 ° C, the peach is 800 to 1,200 hours, and the cherry is about 1,4.
00 hours, grape 1,800-2,000 hours. Here, looking at the stored nutrients of fruit tree seedlings, the plant receives radiant energy of the sun directly or indirectly through photosynthesis, and due to carbon dioxide in the air and water absorbed from the roots,
Synthesize carbohydrates. Due to the participation of light, carbon dioxide and water in the atmosphere are constantly produced by the photosynthesis of plants, and these are released by the action of respiration.

The photosynthetic action is influenced by the supply of carbon dioxide and water, the intensity and quality of light, the amount of chlorophyll, the temperature, and the like. In order for plants to grow normally, the amount of photosynthesis must exceed the amount of respiration. Normally, it is sunny with a leaf area of 1 m ²
About 10g of carbohydrates are synthesized. Then, a part of it is consumed for the respiratory action of the leaves, and another part is moved to other organs, and is consumed for the composition of the plant body and the respiration of the organs. In the daytime, the product amount increases by about 5 g of subtraction per 1 m ² of leaf area. This product produced by the photosynthetic action is a sugar mainly composed of sucrose, glucose and fructose (90%), and other amino acids such as glutamic acid, alanine and valine are recognized. Some of the sugars assimilated in this leaf are used for respiratory action, and are also a material for tree structure. And most of it is carried to other organs and used for respiration of non-anabolic parts or formation of new tissue.

With respect to such photosynthetic action, the growth of each organ is almost stopped in autumn, and when the temperature decreases, all the leaves of the deciduous fruit tree drop off and enter a dormant state. Different from the photosynthetic season, nutrients of starch, sugars, carbohydrates, proteins, and phosphorus compound sugars are stored in root and branch stem cells of photosynthesized trees that have lost their photosynthesis. And the trees that have stopped photosynthesis and deciduous differ from the photosynthesis season,
We take so-called aerobic respiration, which absorbs oxygen and discharges carbon dioxide. It is stored for a long time by utilizing the physiological action of fruit trees during this aerobic respiration period, and according to the desired harvest time of fruits,
It awakens from dormancy, causes photosynthesis, and grows.
Then, by shifting the time of awakening from dormancy, fruit harvesting is realized throughout the year.

[0009]

EXAMPLES Examples of carrying out the present invention using peach and grape seedlings will be described. 1 to 6 show a method of cultivating peach and grape seedlings used for storage according to the present invention.

First Growth Step FIGS. 1 to 4 show from the planting of a peach sapling (first year) to the start of storage at the defoliation stage. The peach sapling 10 of the first year of grafting is planted in a pot 11 or the like and appropriately pruned. The peach sapling 10 reaches the deciduous period (see FIG. 3) beyond the first growing period (see FIG. 2) where the growth is vigorous. In the first growth period, the branches 12 and the like are cut off and subjected to appropriate core removal and shoot treatment, and the growth regulators are used to control the growth of crops, making the seedlings widowed, shortening the flowering period, and flowering. Promote the rate. 4 to 6 show the process from planting of a grape seedling (1st year) to the start of storage at the leaf-falling stage. Grape seedlings 2
0 is planted in a pot 21 or the like and appropriately pruned, and at the growth stage shown in FIG. 5, as well as the peach seedlings, appropriate plucking and plucking treatments are performed, and a growth regulator is used to control the growth of crops. Then, in the deciduous stage, the elongated branches 22 are gathered together to form a string 23.
It is compacted for convenient storage and storage.

Storage Step After the fall of the peach or grape seedlings grown in the first growth step in the fall, the seedlings are stored in a storage box having an adjusted atmosphere by dug up from the storage portion such as a pot. The constant temperature room (refrigerator) storage box 100 used in this experiment has an internal dimension of 170 CM.
A plurality of them were placed side by side in a room 200 of a size of × 352CM × H220CM and a set temperature of which was a constant temperature of −2.5 ° C. The inner size of the storage box 100 is 180CM × 90CM × 90
The size of CM was air-closed. 1 sapling in this storage box
It can store 00 to 150 pieces. The inside of the storage box 100 is
Oxygen gas concentration 5-10%, carbon dioxide gas concentration 5-10
% And the nitrogen gas concentration is 80 to 90% of the conditioned air. Next, an embodiment of the storage device used in the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The gas composition is manually controlled, and while measuring the gas composition in the storage box 100, the gas mixing measurement flow rate device 210
Thus, the gas mixed and adjusted to have a gas composition of nitrogen gas concentration 90%, oxygen gas concentration 5%, and carbon dioxide gas concentration 5% is injected into the storage box 100 arranged in the room 200.
If the concentration of gas composition is large or small, air-
A means for directly injecting air into the storage box 100 by the pump 220 was also used. Check gas composition by gas analyzer 230
The gas composition is constantly measured so that the specified gas composition is always obtained. Also, when using normal air, the storage box 100
A pressure regulator 240 and a valve are opened / closed on the lid of the device so that the composition of the air is not changed. In the storage box 100 of such a storage device, the peach and grape seedlings 10 and 20 that had completed the first growth process were sealed and sealed, and stored for 350 days.

Second growth step About 150 days before the desired harvest time of fruits, the peach and grape seedlings 10 and 20 are taken out and planted in pots 15 and 25. Soil and hydroponics will be used for planting. And
Cultivate and manage the fruits according to their varieties and characteristics. As shown in FIGS. 8 to 10, the peach sapling 10 undergoes the second growth period in which the growth is vigorous, as in the case of recovering from the dormancy as a physiological phenomenon of the plant, and flowers are formed in the meantime. The flowering flowers are pruned to control the yield according to the vigor. Almost 150 days after the second planting, the peach fruits 18 are set. Similarly, the seedling 20 of the grape grows as shown in FIGS. 11 to 13 and bears the fruit 28 of the grape. Here, a setting experiment of seedling storage environment was carried out during normal aeration, and storage with the adjusted gas according to the present invention and a fruit set experiment after storage were conducted.
The decrease in the weight of the seedlings during the storage period by the long-term storage method of the fruit tree seedlings and the growing state after the second planting were examined, and the results are shown in the table shown in FIG. The material used in this experiment is peach,
Each seedling of cherry and grape was used. In addition, the environment setting condition for the first section was a normal air aeration section containing 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 0.03% carbon dioxide. The environment setting condition for 2 wards is 9 N
The temperature was adjusted to -2.5 ° C during the storage, with 0%, 5% oxygen, and 5% carbon dioxide gas. The reduction rate of the weight of the seedlings during storage is (weight reduction of the seedlings during storage) /
(Weight of seedlings at the time of shipping) × 100, germination rate is the ratio to the number of germination during storage, rooting rate is the ratio to the number of plantings, initial flowering rate is the ratio to the number of flowering buds during storage, fruit set The rate is the ratio to the number of flowers. As can be seen from the results of this experiment, the weight reduction during storage of each seedling in the aerated section (1 section) was remarkable, and as a result, the seed setting rate after planting after storage was 0%. On the other hand, the weight reduction rate of each seedling in the adjusted gas of the present invention was small, and the seed setting rate after planting after storage was as high as 47% to 63%.

FIG. 15 shows an example of harvesting fruits for a week and year using the storage and harvesting method of the present invention. First, 1
Year-old seedlings A, B, C, D, E, F, and G will start storage in mid-November, when they have passed the growth period and have fallen leaves and entered the dormant period. The seedling A is taken out from storage in the middle of June, planted, and cultivated in a normal facility where the temperature and humidity are adjusted. The fruits can be harvested in mid-November 150 days after planting. Seedling B is mid-July, seedling C is mid-August, seedling D is mid-September, seedling E is mid-October, seedling F
Is planted in the middle of November, plant G is planted in the middle of December, and cultivated in a facility where the temperature and humidity are adjusted, so that plant B is in the middle of December, plant C is in the middle of January, and plant D is in the middle of February. , Sapling E can be harvested in the middle of March, Sapling F can be harvested in the middle of April, and Sapling G can be harvested in the middle of May. Fruits such as peaches and grapes that grow normally can be harvested from July to October, so by performing these two growing methods, fruits such as peaches and grapes can be harvested throughout the year. The harvested seedlings are stored at rest for the third year, and the operation of planting is repeated according to the harvest time.

[0014]

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The long-term storage method and harvesting method of the present invention allow the stored seedlings to be taken out at any time, planted in accordance with a desired harvesting time, and subjected to fertilization management adapted to the quality characteristics of fruit trees without being caught in the season. The fruits can be harvested. And because the planned harvest can be carried out throughout the year, mass production and production adjustment will be ensured. further,
Facilities such as a vinyl house and a glass greenhouse, which were not conventionally used for fruit trees, can also be used for fruit trees, and the effective utilization rate of the facilities is improved. In addition, since soil and hydroponics of pots and pots can be cultivated, fertilization management can be rationalized, and because it is easy to move seedlings, it is possible to cultivate in areas where cultivation was impossible. became. In winter, cultivation in a temperate region saves energy, and pesticide-free cultivation, late frost damage, and weather disasters can be reduced.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing planting of a peach seedling in the first year.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the first growth of peach seedlings in the first year.

[FIG. 3] An explanatory view of the deciduous state of the peach seedlings in the first year.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing planting of a grape seedling in the first year.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing the first growth of a grape seedling in the first year.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of the state of deciduous leaves of a first-year grape seedling.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of a storage device.

FIG. 8 is a second planting explanatory view of a peach sapling.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of the second growth of a peach sapling.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory view of fruit setting of a peach sapling.

FIG. 11 is an explanatory view of the second planting of the seedling of the grape.

FIG. 12 is an explanatory view of the second growth of a grape seedling.

FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram of fruit setting of a sapling of a grape.

FIG. 14 is a table comparing the reduction in weight of seedlings with the storage period of fruit trees and the growth status after planting under the adjusted air and aeration of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a table showing a second planting and harvest period of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 10, 20 Sapling 100 Storage box

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A first sapling growth step in which a deciduous fruit sapling is subjected to a core-picking and tree-plucking treatment to control growth by a growth regulator, and a deciduous fruit sapling that has undergone the first sapling growth step , Oxygen gas concentration 5-10%, carbon dioxide concentration 5
-10%, nitrogen gas concentration 80-90%, temperature 0 ° C-
A storage step of storing in regulated air that does not enter light at 2.5 ° C., and about 150 days before the fruiting period of the desired fruit, seedlings of deciduous fruits are delivered and planted from the regulated air (storage step), and planted. The cultivation management adapted to the variety characteristics of
The continuous cultivation method of deciduous fruit trees capable of harvesting fruits at a desired harvest time by adjusting the storage step period.