JPH06506246A - Equipment for thermal decomposition of solid materials that harm the environment - Google Patents

Abstract

A system for the treatment of solid products whose disposal is detrimental to the environment, comprising a reactor successively incorporating a dehydration zone (1) and a thermolysis zone (2), characterised in that downstream of the thermolysis zone (2) this reactor comprises a cooling zone (3) and in that the dehydration zone is provided with a leakproof entry gate, the cooling zone is provided with a leakproof exit gate, and air locks isolate the thermolysis zone (2), on the one hand from the dehydration zone (1), on the other hand from the cooling zone (3) so as to limit the entries of air into the thermolysis zone during the introduction of the products and during the extraction of the residues, this thermolysis zone (2) being provided with a gas extraction line by virtue of which it is at reduced pressure. <IMAGE>

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] Apparatus for thermal decomposition treatment of solid substances that are harmful to the environment The present invention is a device for thermal decomposition treatment of solid substances that are harmful to the environment. The present invention relates to an apparatus for thermal decomposition treatment.

Such solids are generally stored or incinerated. The former case is taken. the latter In some cases, the incineration temperature is too high, leading to premature equipment wear and high operating costs. It's expensive. Furthermore, the gas generated from incineration +1 is discharged into the atmosphere uncontrolled and pollutes the environment. Do not provide sufficient guarantees that the product will not be contaminated.

French Painting Patent No. 2106844 raises the temperature (equivalent to 1300°C from 800 degrees Discloses a food waste disposal device equipped with a continuous part (continuous part), and this continuous part The waste passes through after being wrapped in porous packaging material. Food waste is gradually dehydrated and burned. Bake. However, this solution still suffers from premature wear and high operating costs. still require high temperatures that result in damage.

The object of the present invention is to provide continuous management of solid matter decomposition, even if i? Approximately 600°C The aim is to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks by allowing pyrolysis treatment at appropriate temperatures.

The present invention provides an environment comprising a furnace apparatus that continuously integrates a dehydration section and a pyrolysis section. (1) Do not install the furnace equipment or downstream of the pyrolysis section. The dewatering part is equipped with an airtight inlet opening/closing mechanism, and the cooling part is equipped with an airtight opening/closing mechanism. Closed outlet opening/closing mechanism (installed, air blocking mechanism is installed to prevent solid objects from being inserted and remaining During the discharge of the material (in order to limit the air entering the pyrolysis section, on the one hand from the dehydration section, On the other hand, the pyrolysis section is separated from the cooling section, and the pyrolysis section ζ is placed under positive pressure. Provided is a processing device characterized in that it is provided with a gas discharge pipe that maintains the condition. do.

Each of the aforementioned sections is eventually separated into isolated chambers.

According to preferred and combinable features of the present invention, no free oxygen is present in the pyrolysis section. stomach.

The pyrolysis part is heated at temperatures between 400°C and 750'C and below 800 mbar. It's pressure.

According to other preferred features of the invention: The solids to be treated are inserted into the furnace installation in a wagon, which is equipped with e.g. racks and from the dehydration chamber to the pyrolysis chamber and from the pyrolysis chamber by a pinion mechanism or electromagnetic drive. Continuously passes from chamber to cooling chamber. The wagon is free of solid residues, e.g. glass, metal , in order for the stones to be easily removed after cooling during discharge from the cooling chamber. It's made to last.

The dehydration chamber and pyrolysis chamber contain pure oxygen or air and as a result of decomposition by pyrolysis A thermal reactor, known as a catalyst distribution panel, to which the resulting pyrolysis gases are fed, and a chamber It is heated by electric heating elements attached to the inside or outside walls of the chamber.

Carbon dioxide and water vapor generated by oxidation of pyrolysis gas in the catalyst distribution panel Air contributes to the conduction and radiation of heat in solid objects.

Pyrolysis gases formed during pyrolysis decomposition and catalyst distribution panels The resulting catalytic oxidation gas is cooled and purified in a gas cleaning device upon discharge from the furnace equipment. In this gas purification device, moisture is condensed and non-condensable gas and condensed The hydrocarbons with large atomic weights that are separated are separated.

Halogenated sulfur compounds are removed in gas scrubbers by dissolving them in the wash water. It will be done.

The gas flow at the discharge from the furnace equipment removes the carbon formed during decomposition by pyrolysis. It then heads to a gas scrubber where it is cooled.

Hydrocarbons and carbon with large atomic weights are removed from the settling tank during discharge from the gas scrubber. After being precipitated and removed from the wash water in the tank, it is recovered.

The gas stream at the time of discharge from the gas cleaning device is sucked in by a vacuum pump.

The gas from the vacuum pump is pumped with e.g. potassium carbonate to remove carbon dioxide. It is sent to a gas scrubber with an aqueous solution.

Purified pyrolysis gases of sulfur halide compounds and carbon dioxide heat the furnace equipment The surplus is stored for further use.

Thermal reaction rates in the pyrolysis chamber can be determined by electrical heating, catalytic heating, and general temperature measurements. Managed by adjusting heating, gas flow, and current control devices.

Objects, features and advantages of the invention can be seen by way of non-limiting example with reference to the following accompanying drawings: It becomes clear from the following description given by

FIG. 1 is a plan view of the device according to the invention.

FIG. 2 is a front view of the inlet portion of the furnace of this apparatus.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG.

FIG. 4 is an enlarged view showing the attachment of the panel 4 to the support member.

Figure 1 shows the main plan of the device, and Figures 2 to 4 show certain detailed constructions. There is.

The device according to the invention is such that the solid objects to be treated are inserted and these solid objects are dehydrated. the partially or fully dehydrated solid is heated to a temperature of pyrolysis, e.g. Pyrolysis chamber 2 heated to a temperature of C (typically between 400'C and 7500C) and a cooling chamber 3 in which the solid residue of the heat treatment is cooled to room temperature in one device. It is equipped with a furnace device that can Thermal conversion in this furnace apparatus has an average temperature of 600 °C Advantageously, it is carried out absolutely without the presence of free oxygen.

Decomposition products such as non-condensable gases, hydrocarbons with higher atomic mass, and carbon are Continuously monitored upon discharge from this device and recycled for further processing if necessary. It is surrounded.

Operation at this temperature will not cause any significant wear and tear on the equipment. , thereby extending its service life and reducing operating costs.

Each chamber is substantially sealed by a guillotine door 23 operated by a lifting device. closed and separated from each other, the door between chambers 1 and 2 and the door between chambers 2 and 3 are sealed. Moving vertically in a closed housing, the lifting device is sealed by a seal. Ru. Furthermore, sealed doors are provided at the entrance to chamber 1 and at the exit from chamber 3, which Accordingly, the dehydration section 1 and the cooling section are systematically removed from the outside and/or from the pyrolysis section 2. separated. These doors may move vertically or horizontally, depending on the size of the furnace equipment. , may be rotated depending on the available space and the intention of the designer.

The tightness provided by the entrance and exit doors is significantly lower than that outside and inside room 2. It is understood that there is a temperature between parts 1 and 3.

To avoid air entering chamber 2, solid objects may be inserted through the air barrier. , the residue is also discharged, and this air shutoff device is used when the fixture is inserted into the dehydration chamber. heat from the pyrolysis chamber to the dehydration chamber, and from the cooling chamber when the residue is discharged from the third chamber. The decomposition chamber is selectively separated.

Chambers 1 and 2 of the furnace apparatus are insulated to reduce heat losses (item 27).

Chambers 1 and 2 are provided with heating means of any suitable known type, these two examples being 4 and 5 are shown. The temperature inside the chamber 2 is maintained at about 600'C, for example, and The inside of the chamber 1 is maintained at a low temperature of 100°C or higher, for example, about 120°C.

Heating to heat the catalyst distribution panel 4 to a temperature at which catalytic oxidation of the feed gas is viable. Catalyst distribution panels 4 incorporating elements 25 are shown on the ceilings of chambers 1 and 2; Similarly, it may be attached to the side wall as appropriate. These panels are sealed from the outside Existed within Uzing. The opening 4 is used for fixing the panel 4 to the inner wall of the furnace equipment. and the arrangement of the sealing member 26, which seals the supplied gas mixture ( Preferably, the oxygen and pyrolysis gases) are forced through the oxidizing catalyst panel 4. It functions as follows. Chamber 3 is for cooling the solid residue and also has a catalyst distribution panel. equipped with a device (not shown) for recovering heat for heating the gas supplied to the You may also do so.

The electric heating elements 5 are connected to the transducer 6, in this example these elements are connected to the The electrical connection via the lead-through leads inside the furnace equipment (instead of outside) (possible) shown mounted on a wall.

The pressure in chamber 2 is maintained at a value below 800 mbar, precisely 500 mbar. be done. This pressure is preferably the same in chambers 1.2 and 3.

The gas mixture exiting the chamber 2 discharges it to the settling device 13 and is also cooled from the water tank 14. The water flows into the supplied gas cleaning device 9, and in this gas cleaning device, the sediment is The water from the sump tank 13 is treated in a conventional manner. minutes from the aqueous solution in tank 13 The separated condensed hydrocarbons and carbon are sent to storage tank 17 from where they are It is taken out when needed.

Gas that is not condensed when discharged from tank 9 is discharged to purification tank 11. In this purification tank, the carbon dioxide is sucked in by the pump device 10. , by adding, for example, potassium carbonate to the water in tank 14.

On exiting the tank 11, the purified gas is compressed by the compressor 12 and sent to the tank. The data is stored in the tank 16.

In this embodiment, the compressed gas is further supplied with compressed air from the optional supply means 18. A mixer 15 that receives pure oxygen from air or from an external storage device depending on the application. The catalyst is supplied to the catalyst distribution panel 4 via the catalyst distribution panel 4. The mixed gas flows through the heat recovery device 7 , in this heat recovery device, the mixed gas improves the thermal balance of the catalytic oxidation reaction. heated for. FIG. 1 shows the discharge of catalytic reaction gas from chamber 1. these The gases are essentially carbon dioxide and water vapor as a result of dehydration and catalytic oxidation. It is cooled through a heat recovery device 7. These are pumped by the pump device 8. It is sucked in and discharged into the chimney 19.

FIG. 2 shows a wagon 20 in which the solids to be treated are installed, this wagon being and is moved from one chamber to the next by the binion device 21.

Each wagon is moved simultaneously by drive shaft 22.

Gas is passed through the bed PIk24 at the end of the chamber to load carbon into the gas stream. is discharged from chambers 1 and 2.

Gas cleaning devices are common.

The device described above has the following advantages.

This device can be modified by changing the cross-sectional area of the furnace device or the length of the furnace device; any amount of solids by using multiple furnace devices in parallel when required Can be applied to things.

The device according to the invention processes the solids to be removed under the protection of good environmental conditions. be able to.

Products of pyrolysis should be purified of all contaminants and manageable before any next use. be. Water in an aqueous state is generally treated after hydrocarbons and carbon have been precipitated and removed. be done. Various inert materials such as glass and metals can be recycled under optimal sanitary conditions. It is possible to

Heavy metals that do not evaporate in the pyrolysis furnace are collected in a wagon after cooling. evaporate The heavy metals are recovered by precipitation in gas scrubbers or precipitation tanks.

Finally, the device according to the invention uses recovered energy in the form of carbon and carbon dioxide. be able to store them or transport them for consumption elsewhere someday. This allows an extraordinary amount of energy to be recovered.

The above description is given by way of non-limiting example and numerous modifications may depart from the scope of the invention. Needless to say, it can be proposed by a person skilled in the art without any prior knowledge.

Fig, 1 international search report

Claims (10)

[Claims] 1. Equipped with a furnace device that continuously integrates the dehydration section (1) and the pyrolysis section (2) In an apparatus for the treatment of environmentally harmful solid materials, the furnace apparatus includes a pyrolysis section (2 ), and the dewatering part is equipped with an airtight inlet opening/closing mechanism. The cooling section is equipped with an airtight outlet opening/closing mechanism, and an air shutoff mechanism prevents the insertion of solid objects. Dehydration on the one hand to limit the air entering the pyrolysis section during entry and discharge of residues Separate the pyrolysis part (2) from part (1) and on the other hand from the cooling part (3) and The thermal decomposition section (2) is provided with a gas exhaust pipe that maintains it under positive pressure. A processing device characterized by: 2. 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the pyrolysis section (2) is maintained free of free oxygen. 3. The pyrolysis part (2) is heated at temperatures between 400°C and 750°C and above 800 mbar. 3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the pressure is below. 4. The solids are transported through the furnace equipment by means of a mechanism (21) such as a rack and pinion arrangement. Claim 1 characterized in that it is transported by a wagon (20) moved through the The device according to any one of 3 to 3. 5. The dehydration chamber (1) and the pyrolysis section (2) are heated with catalyst distribution panels (4). The device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it is heated by means. Place. 6. The catalyst distribution panel is supplied with at least some gas from the pyrolysis section. 6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that: 7. The water vapor generated by catalytic oxidation is absorbed by conduction and radiation from the solids being treated. 7. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that it contributes to the heating of the air. 8. Thermal decomposition gases formed during decomposition processing by thermal decomposition and those formed during catalytic oxidation processing The gas is cleaned by a gas scrubber to remove halogenated sulfur compounds and carbon dioxide. 8. According to any one of claims 1 to 7, the cooling and purification is performed at equipment. 9. The gas during the discharge of the gas cleaning device is sucked in by the vacuum pump device 9. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that: 10. Thermal reaction rates are determined by electrical heating, catalytic heating using common temperature measurements, and gas managed by controlling body flow rate and current control device Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9.