JPH06300618A - Diagnostic method and equipment for abnormality of rotating machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide easy-to-handle and practical diagnostic method and equipment for abnormality in a rotating machine in which correct information and appropriate instructions are provided for an operator in order to assist the operator upon occurrence of abnormality in the rotating machine while reducing the facility cost and the installation space. CONSTITUTION:A variation pattern including at least three factors of a rotating machine 30, i.e., vibrational speed, vibrational acceleration, and vibrational direction, is previously related with the causes of abnormality of the rotating machine 30 and stored in an abnormality diagnostic unit 10. A detection signal from a vibrational sensor 21 in the unit 20 is then collated with the variation pattern thus diagnosing abnormality of the rotating machine 30. In this regard, a display means 41 is preferably shared between the units 10 and 20.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a rotating machine abnormality diagnosing method and apparatus, and can be used in the case of performing comprehensive management of a rotating machine in combination with an abnormality monitoring device for monitoring abnormality of the rotating machine.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in the management of a rotating machine, the rotation state of the rotating machine is constantly monitored continuously by a vibration sensor, a temperature sensor, etc., and if any abnormality occurs, an alarm is issued to notify the abnormality. There is a machine abnormality monitoring device. Such an abnormality monitoring device only notifies the operator that the vibration value, etc., deviates from the reference value when an abnormality occurs, and when the operator is not sure what to do with the abnormality after that. There were many On the other hand, there is a rotating machine abnormality diagnosing device for estimating the cause of the abnormality in the rotating machine and instructing the operator how to deal with the abnormality and assisting the operator. Such an abnormality diagnosing device is a so-called expert system, and many of them are commercially available. The knowledge of a skilled expert is stored and transmitted as a knowledge base to standardize the abnormality diagnosis.

[0003]

However, such an abnormality diagnosing device often functions mainly as a single unit, and is prepared as a separate body from the above-mentioned abnormality monitoring device for constantly monitoring the rotating machine. There were many things. Therefore, in such an abnormality diagnosing device, the operator has to manually input information about the abnormality obtained by the abnormality monitoring device into the abnormality diagnosing device when the diagnosis is executed, and this information input work is complicated. However, there was a problem that it was difficult to use and was not suitable for practical use. In addition, it is not suitable for emergencies due to the complexity of the information input work, and since the information input work is performed manually by the operator, there is a possibility of erroneous diagnosis due to erroneous input. .

Further, in such an abnormality diagnosing apparatus, there is seen one in which the detection signal of the vibration sensor is taken online to make an online diagnosis. However, the vibration sensor catches a mere amplitude variation and makes an abnormality diagnosis by using this as information. However, there is a problem that information for diagnosis is insufficient for accurate abnormality diagnosis. Further, in the online diagnosis using such a vibration sensor, it is possible to input diagnostic information online, so the difficulty of information input work can be solved, but the monitoring information from the vibration sensor etc. is displayed. Display means for monitoring such as CRT and display C for abnormality diagnosis
There is a problem that it is not suitable for the operator to perform monitoring and diagnosis as a series of work because the display means for diagnosis such as RT is provided separately. Since many other devices are usually installed in the instrument room of the plant, it is necessary to separately provide the monitoring display means and the diagnostic display means in the instrument room as described above. There is a problem in that the installation space for the equipment becomes large, which is not preferable. Further, if the monitoring display means and the diagnostic display means are provided separately, there is a problem that equipment cost increases.

An object of the present invention is to provide an operator with accurate information and appropriate instructions when an abnormality occurs in a rotating machine, to assist the operator, reduce equipment costs and installation space, and make it easy to use and practical. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for diagnosing abnormalities of a rotating machine and its apparatus.

[0006]

According to the present invention, abnormality diagnosis is performed on the basis of information of at least three factors of vibration velocity, vibration acceleration, and vibration direction, and monitoring display means and diagnosis display means are integrated. By doing so, the above object is achieved. Specifically, the rotating machine abnormality diagnosis method of the present invention stores a change pattern including at least three factors of vibration speed, vibration acceleration, and vibration direction of the rotating machine and the cause of the abnormality of the rotating machine in advance in association with each other. An abnormality diagnosis of the rotating machine is performed by collating a detection signal obtained from a vibration sensor that detects the vibration of the rotating machine with the change pattern. Further, the abnormality diagnosis method of the rotating machine of the present invention, the detection signal obtained from the vibration sensor, the acceleration signal output of the vibration sensor is branched into two, the average value processing of the output of one, the other of the two branched. It is characterized in that the output is integrated and converted into a speed signal, and this speed signal is averaged. further,
The present invention is a rotating machine abnormality diagnosing device that performs abnormality diagnosis of the rotating machine based on information obtained by an abnormality monitoring device that monitors abnormality of the rotating machine. A display unit shared with the abnormality monitoring device is provided, and the display unit has a monitoring display for displaying the information obtained by the abnormality monitoring device and a diagnostic display for displaying an abnormality diagnosis based on this information. It is characterized by being switchable and selectable.

[0007]

In the present invention as described above, the change pattern including at least three factors of the vibration speed, the vibration acceleration, and the vibration direction of the rotating machine and the cause of the abnormality of the rotating machine are stored in advance in the abnormality diagnosis device in association with each other. On the other hand, the vibration sensor of the abnormality monitoring device constantly monitors the operating state such as the vibration of the rotating machine. Then, when the operator notifies the abnormality of the rotating machine by the abnormality monitoring device, the abnormality diagnosing device compares the detection signal obtained from the vibration sensor with the change pattern to diagnose the abnormality of the rotating machine. Therefore, when an abnormality occurs, the abnormality diagnosis is performed in consideration of at least three factors of the vibration velocity, the vibration acceleration, and the vibration direction, so that the accurate abnormality diagnosis can be performed. In addition, the detection signal obtained from the vibration sensor is divided into two, the acceleration signal output of the vibration sensor, the output of one of them is averaged, and the output of the other of the two branches is integrated and converted into a speed signal. By performing the average value processing on the signal, it is possible to easily collate with the change pattern. Furthermore, if the detection signal obtained from the vibration sensor is taken into the abnormality diagnosing device online, the operator can manually input information on the abnormality, etc., obtained by the abnormality monitoring device at the time of diagnosis execution to the abnormality diagnosing device. This eliminates the need for labor, eliminates the possibility of erroneous diagnosis due to erroneous input, and makes the abnormality diagnosis device easy to use and practical.

Further, by sharing the display means of the abnormality monitoring device and the abnormality diagnosing device so as to be switchable and selectable, the operator can perform monitoring and diagnosis as a series of work, and at the same time, the plant The installation space in the instrument room of
By these, the above-mentioned object is achieved.

[0009]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows an abnormality diagnosis device 10, an abnormality monitoring device 20, and a rotating machine 30 which is a subject of monitoring diagnosis according to the present embodiment. The lower rotary machine 30 in the figure is a horizontal centrifugal pump.
31 and a motor 32 for rotating the same, and the like, and the operating condition is constantly monitored by the abnormality monitoring device 20 on the upper left side of the figure. It is supposed that the cause of

The rotating machine 30 is provided with a vibration sensor 21, or various monitoring sensors such as a temperature sensor, an oil leak sensor, and a gas sensor, which are not shown, and the detection signals from the vibration sensor 21 and the like are sent to a personal computer. The information is sent to the abnormality monitoring processing device 22 constituted by, for example, various kinds of processing there, and information is provided to the operator by the display means 41 such as a CRT through the changeover switch 40. These vibration sensors
An abnormality monitoring device 20 is configured by various monitoring sensors such as 21, a processing device 22 for abnormality monitoring, and a display means 41. This abnormality monitoring device 20 is disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-44533 by the inventors of the present application. It is an abnormality monitoring device as described.

The abnormality monitoring processing unit 22 includes an abnormality diagnosis processing unit 11 including a personal computer or the like.
Is connected online, and various processing information such as the diagnosis progress and the diagnosis result in the abnormality diagnosis processing device 11 is provided to the operator by the display means 41 via the changeover switch 40. The abnormality diagnosis processing device 11 and the display means 41 constitute the abnormality diagnosis device 10. The changeover switch 40 is switched by an operator, connects the abnormality monitoring processing device 22 and the display means 41 at the time of normal monitoring, and causes the display means 41 to function as the monitoring display means. The processing device 11 and the display means 41 are connected so that the display means 41 functions as a monitoring display means.

The abnormality monitoring processor 22 includes a vibration sensor 21.
It has a terminal control unit 50 for input processing of detection signals from various monitoring sensors such as
44533). The vibration sensor 21, which is an acceleration pickup, can be installed at any place and in any direction with respect to the rotating machine 30 that is a target for monitoring and diagnosis. Normally, as shown in FIG. 1, the axial direction (X direction) and the horizontal direction ( It is installed so that vibrations in three directions, the Y direction) and the vertical direction (Z direction) can be captured. Further, in the rotating machine 30 shown in FIG. 1, the horizontal centrifugal pump 31 and the motor 32 are installed at two predetermined positions.

FIG. 2 shows a part of the details of the terminal control unit 50. From the left side of the figure, the vibration sensor 21 has an amplifier 51
Is connected, and the amplifier 51 is bifurcated into a high-pass filter 52, a detector 53, an average value processor 54,
The sampling A / D conversion unit 55 and the central value extraction processing unit 56 are arranged in this order, while the low pass filter 57, the speed conversion unit 58, the detection unit 59, and the average value processing unit are provided on the lower side of the drawing. 6
0, sampling A / D conversion unit 61, central value extraction processing unit 62
The respective processing units are arranged in this order, and these are merged on the right side in the drawing and connected to the digital transmission unit 63. A monitoring unit (not shown) is provided downstream of the digital transmission unit 63, and this monitoring unit operates an alarm unit that notifies the operator of an abnormality of the rotating machine when the signal received from the digital transmission unit 63 is equal to or higher than a specified value. It is configured to let.

The operation of the terminal control unit 50 will be described. The acceleration signal output from the vibration sensor 21 is amplified by the amplifier 51, and its output is branched into two. One acceleration signal passes through the high-pass filter 52, is detected by the detection unit 53, and is averaged by the average value processing unit 54. By performing the average value processing in this way, the amount of transmission is significantly reduced compared to the case where the output of the amplifier 51 is transmitted as it is. The acceleration information that has been averaged by the average value processing unit 54 and converted into direct current is sampled by the sampling A / D conversion unit 55, then converted into a digital value, and the center value extraction processing unit 56 extracts the three sampling values. It is sent to the digital transmission unit 63 after taking the central value and removing the sudden value.

The other acceleration signal amplified by the amplifier 51 and branched into two is passed through a low-pass filter 57 and a speed conversion unit 58.
Is integrated into a velocity signal, which is then detected by the wave detector 59 and averaged by the average value processor 60. Average value processor
The speed information which has been averaged in 60 and converted into direct current is sampled in the sampling A / D converter 61, converted into a digital value, and the center value extraction processor 62 takes the center value of the three sampled values. , And is sent to the digital transmission unit 63 after removing a sudden value.

The abnormality diagnosing device 10 includes a vibration level which is information from the vibration sensor 21 sent online from the abnormality monitoring device 20, a vibration frequency band (change ratio between vibration speed and vibration acceleration), a vibration direction, and a vibration Four vibration information of rising mode (mode of rising of vibration velocity and vibration acceleration), other operating conditions change presence / absence, change contents, discharge pressure status, current value status of four operation information, sound status, Based on a total of ten pieces of information including the two five senses information of the condition of the lubricating oil, the abnormality diagnosis processing device 11 is configured to perform abnormality diagnosis of the rotating machine 30 based on various determination criteria stored as a knowledge base. ing. At this time, the progress of diagnosis, the result of diagnosis and the like are notified to the operator by the display means 41. In the abnormality diagnosis processing device 11, in particular, the change patterns of the three factors of the vibration speed, the vibration acceleration, and the vibration direction corresponding to each cause of the abnormality of the rotating machine 30 are pre-stored and stored. The cause of abnormality of the rotating machine 30 is estimated by collating the change patterns of the three factors corresponding to the cause with the vibration information obtained from the vibration sensor 21 described above.

For example, in the classification by the vibration frequency band,
In the case of an imbalance abnormality, a misalignment abnormality, or the like, the vibration sensor 21 outputs a low-frequency acceleration signal, and this output is amplified by the amplifier 51. The output in this case can pass through the low-pass filter 57, but cannot pass through the high-pass filter 52. Therefore, the output passing through the low-pass filter 57 is integrated by the speed conversion unit 58 to become a speed signal,
The output of the average value processing unit 60 increases. That is, the level of vibration velocity is high, but the level of vibration acceleration is low.
On the other hand, when the bearing is abnormal, the vibration sensor 21 outputs an acceleration signal having many high frequency components, and the output is amplified by the amplifier 51. In this case, the output is the output of the average value processing unit 54 that has passed through the high-pass filter 52 because the high-pass filter 52 can pass, but the low-pass filter 57 cannot pass, contrary to the case of the imbalance abnormality described above. Grows larger. That is, the level of vibration acceleration is high, but the level of vibration velocity is low. As described above, the abnormality diagnosis device 10 can perform abnormality diagnosis by associating each cause of abnormality with the vibration frequency band.

Further, in the case of misalignment abnormality, etc., in the classification according to the size of each vibration direction, the axial direction (see FIG.
Vibration level in the middle X direction is horizontal (Y direction in Fig. 1)
Often greater than the vibration level of. On the other hand, in the case of backlash or abnormal contact, the vibration level in the vertical direction (Z direction in FIG. 1) becomes higher than the vibration level in the horizontal direction (Y direction in FIG. 1). As described above, the abnormality diagnosis device 10 can perform abnormality diagnosis by corresponding each cause of abnormality and the magnitude of the vibration level for each vibration direction.

Further, in the classification according to the change history (trend) of the vibration, it is determined whether each vibration value (magnitude of vibration velocity and vibration acceleration) sharply rises in a short period of time or gradually rises over a long period of time. Estimate the cause of abnormality in consideration. The abnormality monitoring device 20 can store each vibration value over a long period (for example, up to 10 years). In other words, in the case of poor lubrication of the bearing, each vibration value often rises sharply, while in the case of contact abnormality, each vibration value tends to rise gradually while repeatedly increasing and decreasing when contact starts. There is. As described above, the abnormality diagnosis device 10 can perform abnormality diagnosis by corresponding each cause of abnormality and the change history (trend) of the vibration.

In this embodiment, the abnormality diagnosis of the rotating machine is performed as follows. First, in a normal state, the changeover switch 40 connects the abnormality monitoring processing device 22 and the display means 41, and the abnormality monitoring device 20 constantly monitors the operating state of the rotating machine 30. At this time, the display means 41 functions as a monitoring display means, and the operator is shown a monitoring display for monitoring. On the other hand, when an abnormality occurs, the abnormality monitoring device 20 issues an alarm and the display means 41
Is also displayed to that effect. After confirming the abnormality with the abnormality monitoring device 20, the operator switches the changeover switch 40 to take a subsequent action, and the abnormality diagnosis processing device 11 and the display means.
41 is connected, and the cause of vibration is estimated by the abnormality diagnosis device 10.
At this time, the display means 41 functions as a diagnostic display means, and the operator proceeds with the abnormality diagnosis of the rotating machine 30 interactively as necessary while watching this display.

According to this embodiment, the following effects are obtained. That is, since the abnormality diagnosis device 10 stores the change pattern including at least three factors of the vibration speed and the vibration acceleration and the vibration direction of the rotating machine 30 and the cause of the abnormality of the rotating machine 30 in advance in association with each other, when an abnormality occurs, The abnormality signal of the rotating machine 30 can be diagnosed by comparing the detection signal obtained from the vibration sensor 21 with the change patterns of these three factors. Since the abnormality diagnosis at this time is an abnormality diagnosis in which at least three factors of the vibration velocity, the vibration acceleration, and the vibration direction are also taken into consideration, a more accurate abnormality diagnosis can be performed as compared with the conventional case.

Further, in the abnormality monitoring device 20, the vibration sensor
The acceleration signal output of 21 is bifurcated, one output of which is averaged by an average value processing unit 54, and the other bifurcated output is integrated by a speed conversion unit 58 to be converted into a speed signal. Since the average value processing unit 60 performs average value processing on the
It is possible to easily obtain the vibration information such as the vibration speed and the vibration acceleration, which is the information necessary for the diagnosis in 10. Further, since the detection signals obtained from the vibration sensor 21 such as the vibration speed and the vibration acceleration are taken into the abnormality diagnosis device 10 online, the information on the abnormality obtained by the abnormality monitoring device 20 at the time of executing the diagnosis is displayed. It is possible to eliminate the trouble of the operator manually inputting into the abnormality diagnosis device 10 and also to avoid the risk of erroneous diagnosis due to erroneous input. Therefore, it is easy to use and is a practical abnormality diagnosis device.
It can be 10.

Further, since the display means 41 is shared by the abnormality monitoring device 20 and the abnormality diagnosing device 10 and is selectable by the changeover switch 40, the operator can perform monitoring and diagnosis as a series of operations. You can further,
By sharing the display means 41, the installation space in the instrument room of the plant can be reduced and the facility cost can be reduced.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, but includes other configurations that can achieve the object of the present invention, and the following modifications and the like are also included in the present invention. That is, in the above embodiment, the abnormality monitoring device
Various vibration information obtained by 20 vibration sensors 21
Although it is designed to be automatically transmitted to the abnormality diagnosis device 10 online, other operation information and five senses information may also be automatically transmitted online from the abnormality monitoring device 20 to the abnormality diagnosis device 10. . Further, the vibration information, the operation information, and the five senses information necessary for the abnormality diagnosis are manually input by the operator (offline method) to the abnormality diagnosis device 10
You may enter in. Furthermore, the online method and the offline method described above may be combined to supplement the information manually by the operator when the diagnostic information is insufficient with only the online information from the abnormality monitoring device 20. However, it is desirable that the information transmission between the abnormality monitoring device 20 and the abnormality diagnosis device 10 is performed by an online method, and by doing so, the trouble of the operator for information input work can be eliminated.

Further, in the above embodiment, the display means 41 is shared by the abnormality monitoring device 20 and the abnormality diagnosing device 10 and can be selected by the changeover switch 40. Display means may be provided separately for 10 and. However, it is preferable that the display means 41 be shared, and by doing so, the operator can perform monitoring and diagnosis as a series of operations, and also reduce the installation space and equipment costs in the instrument room of the plant. it can.

Further, in the above embodiment, the abnormality diagnosis device 10
Is four pieces of vibration information, which are information from the vibration sensor 21, such as a vibration level, a vibration frequency band (a change ratio between the vibration speed and the vibration acceleration), a vibration direction, and a vibration increase mode (a vibration speed and a vibration acceleration increase mode). , Other operating conditions, whether or not changes have been made, details of changes, discharge pressure status, current value status, and four operating information, and sound and lubricant information based on the five senses. Although the abnormality diagnosis is configured to be performed, it is not necessary to perform the diagnosis using all of these pieces of information, and in short, the abnormality diagnosis may be performed based on at least the three factors of the vibration velocity, the vibration acceleration, and the vibration direction.

Further, in the above-mentioned embodiment, the vibration sensor 21 is an acceleration pickup, but any one can be used as long as the vibration velocity, the vibration acceleration and the vibration direction information necessary for the abnormality diagnosis in the abnormality diagnosis device 10 can be obtained. This type of sensor may be used. For example, a gap sensor or the like may be used, or a gap sensor and an acceleration pickup may be used in combination. Further, along with this, the configuration of the terminal control unit 50 in the abnormality monitoring device 20 also includes the high-pass filter 52, the average value processing unit 54, the low-pass filter 57, the speed conversion unit 58, the average value processing unit 60, and the like shown in FIG. The configuration does not have to be provided, and in short, any configuration corresponding to various sensors provided so as to be able to obtain information on the vibration speed, the vibration acceleration, and the vibration direction may be used.

Further, in the above embodiment, the rotary machine 30 is composed of the horizontal centrifugal pump 31, the motor 32 and the like, but the diagnosis target of the present invention is any rotary machine regardless of size. It may be, for example, a generator, a water turbine, a pump water turbine, a turbine, or the like, or a rotating portion such as a rotor of a machine tool.

[0029]

As described above, according to the present invention, the abnormality diagnosis is performed based on the information of at least three factors of the vibration velocity, the vibration acceleration, and the vibration direction. By providing information and giving an appropriate instruction, and by integrating the monitoring display means and the diagnostic display means, there is an effect that equipment cost and installation space can be reduced.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a detailed configuration diagram showing a main part of the embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

 10 Abnormality diagnosis device 11 Abnormality diagnosis processing device 20 Abnormality monitoring device 21 Vibration sensor 22 Abnormality monitoring processing device 30 Rotating machine 40 Changeover switch 41 Display means 50 Terminal control section

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A change pattern including at least three factors of a vibration speed, a vibration acceleration, and a vibration direction of a rotating machine and an abnormality cause of the rotating machine are stored in advance in association with each other.
An abnormality diagnosing method for a rotating machine, comprising: comparing a detection signal obtained from a vibration sensor that detects vibration of the rotating machine with the change pattern to perform abnormality diagnosis of the rotating machine. 2. The rotating machine abnormality diagnosing method according to claim 1, wherein a detection signal obtained from the vibration sensor is obtained by bifurcating an acceleration signal output of the vibration sensor and averaging one of the outputs. A method for diagnosing an abnormality in a rotating machine, characterized in that the other output of the two branches is integrated and converted into a speed signal, and the speed signal is averaged. 3. An abnormality diagnosis device for a rotating machine, which performs abnormality diagnosis for the rotating machine based on information obtained by an abnormality monitoring device for monitoring abnormality of the rotating machine, wherein: Display means shared with the abnormality monitoring device is provided, and the display means includes a monitoring display for displaying information obtained by the abnormality monitoring device and a diagnostic display for displaying abnormality diagnosis based on this information. An abnormality diagnosis device for a rotating machine, characterized by being switchable and selectable.