JPH0581559B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Technical Field The present invention is characterized by a waste that does not feel like dirt and does not generate a bad odor, compared to organic solid industrial waste such as accumulated dung from chickens, pigs, and cows, sewage sludge, and food manufacturing industries. The present invention relates to an aerobic fermentation processing device that allows aerobic fermentation to proceed easily and smoothly on a large scale.

Conventional technology Traditionally, accumulated feces from chickens, pigs, cows, etc., sewage sludge, and organic solid industrial waste from the food manufacturing industry have been treated and returned to farmland as fertilizer or soil conditioner. . For example, an aerobic fermentation treatment method is known for returning accumulated feces to farmland as fertilizer or soil conditioner. For the fermentation process, the accumulated manure is mixed with crushed rice husks, sawdust, cut straw, and other vegetable matter to reduce the moisture content to 65-60%, and then placed in a fermentation tank under appropriate ventilation and heat retention. Methods such as rapid high-temperature aerobic fermentation and ripening are used.

However, due to the widespread use of fermentation processing methods, not only the price of the above-mentioned vegetable materials has soared, but also their acquisition has become extremely difficult. Instead of using the above-mentioned vegetable matter, it is possible to reduce the moisture content to an appropriate level by heating and drying, but this method requires enormous equipment and energy costs. In addition, if the fermentation is carried out naturally with accumulated feces left in the pile, not only will foul odors, maggots, and flies occur, but it will also take a lot of effort to remove and remove the accumulated feces, and it will take a long time to fully ripen. There is a drawback that the process tends to be uneven. This non-uniform fermentation is achieved by adding disease-antagonizing microorganisms to accumulated manure as a countermeasure against continuous cropping problems, forming excellent rhizosphere microorganisms, and producing compost that contains bacteria that can antagonize soil diseases or has the ability to proliferate. This is a major flaw in doing so. Therefore, uniform fermentation is strongly desired.

The present inventor previously discovered an aerobic fermentation process that has advantages such as no need for a fermentation tank, no restrictions on the processing location, no need for cutting back, and significantly reduced occurrence of bad odors, maggots, and flies. Developed a bag for use (Utility Model Publication No. 129749, 1983). However, in recent years, the livestock industry has become more multi-headed; for example, in poultry farming, 100,000 chickens has become the minimum economic unit, and 400,000 to 500,000 chickens are no longer uncommon, with large-scale poultry farms now raising as many as 1.2 million chickens. Laying hens usually excrete 100g of chicken feces per day, so for 100,000 hens, the amount of chicken feces per day can reach 10 tons. To compost this, a moisture regulating material is added, so the amount processed per day reaches more than ten tons. Processing this with the aerobic fermentation processing bag described above has the following drawbacks.

(1) There are limits to the size of bags for carrying. In other words, the maximum weight that can be transported by hand is 30 to 40 kg. For example, in order to process 12 tons per day, even the best 40 kg bag would require 300 bags. The 20kg bags normally used can reach up to 600 bags.
Since the size of the opening of the bag is not very large, even if automatic weighing, automatic feeding, and automatic sewing of the opening are performed, it is difficult to work on a single line, and the equipment costs are high, making it uneconomical.

(2) When piled up after bagging, the height is usually 1.2m,
The maximum height is 1.6m. If it accumulates at a higher height, the lower bag becomes compacted and air cannot penetrate, causing anaerobic fermentation and preventing ripening.
Generates a foul odor. If the height is 1.2m, there will be no such problem, but the area of accumulation will be enormous.

As mentioned above, the bag for aerobic fermentation processing described in Utility Model Application Publication No. 129749/1983 has difficulty in processing large amounts of accumulated feces, and there is a limit to the amount that can be handled. Even if it is handled mechanically, there is a limit to the height of the pile and aerobic fermentation cannot be achieved, making it impossible to obtain the desired product. Also, if you just make the bag too big, the bottom part will be compressed and aerobic fermentation will not take place and uniform fermentation will not occur, so you will not be able to achieve your goal.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus that is suitable for aerobic fermentation processing, that can easily handle large quantities, and that can economically advantageously carry out aerobic fermentation processing.

Structure of the Invention The aerobic fermentation processing apparatus according to the present invention includes (a) a metal or synthetic resin frame container, and (b) a box-shaped bag made of an air-permeable fiber sheet that can be fully accommodated in the frame container. The frame container has a structure and strength that allows the box-shaped bags to be stacked at high levels, and when the box-shaped bags are stacked at high levels, a space is formed above and below the frame container to ensure air permeability. The box-shaped bag is characterized by having binding strings sewn in several places that can be fixed to the bottom of the frame container, and also having a lid.

Embodiment When using the device of the present invention, in addition to organic waste such as accumulated feces, vegetable matter such as sawdust and cut straw, pumice powder, vermiculite, ALC (for example, "Escalu" manufactured by Onoda Cement), etc. After adjusting the moisture content to be suitable for aerobic fermentation by mixing water-regulating materials such as water-absorbing inorganic substances or low-moisture mature compost, the mixture is packed into a box-shaped bag made of breathable fiber sheet and used as a packed body. Moreover, it is preferable to use it.

Organic wastes that can be subjected to aerobic fermentation include:
In addition to accumulated feces, examples include sewage sludge, industrial wastewater treatment sludge, municipal waste, and organic solid industrial waste from meat and food manufacturing industries.

The box-shaped bag used in the present invention may be a porous bag made of a fiber material that can be used repeatedly and does not deteriorate, but it is preferably made of a synthetic fiber fabric, particularly a polyester breadbond nonwoven sheet. A bag body having the following characteristics is preferably used.
Since it is economical for the frame container used in the present invention to be at least 1 m ³ or more, it must have the strength to withstand the weight of at least 1 m ³ of the feces accumulation mixture. In addition, by using a rotation fork or other tipping device, the compost product after ripening can be rotated 180 degrees around the horizontal axis above the truck to turn the frame container upside down, and the compost product inside the bag can be trucked. The bag must be strong enough to not break when loaded into a shipping box. Furthermore, as air enters the entire surface of the bag, water evaporates due to the heat of fermentation, so if the bag is too thin and there is too much ventilation, the area in contact with the bag will dry out before it is fully ripe. , in contrast, the center is still fermenting and takes 1 to 30 minutes to fully ripen.
It takes several months, so if you let the fermentation stand until then, the fermentation state and degree of ripeness between the center of the bag and the surface of the bag will be quite different. Therefore, the air permeable fiber sheet required for the bag body has an air permeability of 150
(cc/cm ² /sec) or less is desirable. Also,
If the aeration rate is less than 60 (cc/cm ² /sec), uniform aerobic fermentation will not proceed smoothly to full ripeness. As mentioned above, since approximately 1 m ³ or more of the organic mixture is normally placed in the box-shaped bag, the breathable fiber sheet must be able to withstand the gravity. Therefore, it is preferable to have a tensile strength of 20 (Kg/5cm) or more and a tear strength of 2 (Kg) or more.

In addition, the bag body requires the strength mentioned above because, after ripening, the product compost inside the bag is rotated 180 degrees using a rotation fork or other overturning device to turn the frame container upside down and discharge it. In addition, in order to use it repeatedly, it must not become clogged during the period when the mixture is packed and fermented.
The breathable fiber sheet must not fluff when rotated 180 degrees. If the bag becomes fluffy, it will not only easily clog the next time it is used, but also the contents will stick to the fluff when rotated 180°, preventing the contents from falling smoothly and causing the bag to break. Therefore, the most suitable for the above purpose is
This is a spunbond nonwoven fabric that is formed from a synthetic fiber spinning process. Polyester, nylon, polypropylene, etc. are used as the material for this long fiber nonwoven fabric. Nylon swells when it absorbs moisture, clogging the eyes and reducing breathability. Nylon also has a strong affinity for accumulated feces, making it easy to clog and become contaminated, and the product tends to stick to the nylon bag, making it undesirable. , must be cleaned after each use. Polyester and polypropylene are preferably used. Further, in order to suppress fuzzing, it is preferable to use a nonwoven fabric in which the fibers on the surface of the nonwoven fabric are heat-set. As the surface fixing treatment method, an embossing method using pressure heating using a heating plate or heating roller with or without convex portions, a heat treatment method, or a combination thereof is used. These surface fixing treatments not only suppress fuzzing but also usually improve tensile strength, but if the degree of fiber fusion caused by surface fixing treatment is significant, the tear strength and air permeability will decrease, so care must be taken with the treatment temperature. Must be. In order to maintain the necessary tear strength and air permeability, for example, polyester should be heated at 150 to 190°C, preferably
It is best to perform surface heat treatment at 170-180℃.

In order to allow aerobic fermentation to proceed uniformly and to obtain a sufficiently ripened and uniform product, it is desirable to pack the product into bags of at least 1 m ³ or more. For example, at 0.5 m ³ , the amount of heat released in winter is greater than the heat storage due to fermentation heat, making it impossible to maintain ideal aerobic fermentation for a long period of time and obtain a uniform product with sufficient ripeness. however,
If too much is packed, not only will there be a problem with the strength of the frame container and the bag, but if the bag is filled with a feces accumulation mixture of 90 cm or more in thickness, an anaerobic fermentation zone will be formed inside, which is undesirable. If the thickness is less than 20 cm, drying and heat dissipation will be rapid, and the moisture content will drop below the level required for fermentation, and fermentation will stop before it reaches full ripeness. Therefore, the thickness of the feces storage mixture needs to be 20-90 cm, and the total volume is 1 m ³
Since the above is preferable, the frame container and the bag end up having a large bottom area. Preferred thickness is 40
~80cm.

The heat of aerobic fermentation inside the bag increases due to convection, and the surface of the feces mixture tends to dry out. Also, if the top of the bag is left open, it will feel more like dirt and flies will swarm around it, so you need to cover it up. Since the method of closing the box-shaped bag with a tie string is inconvenient for introducing and discharging the accumulated feces mixture, the device of the present invention uses a lid. In particular, a foldable lid is preferable because of its excellent workability. When using the lid, the upper part of the bag will have 3 to 4 layers,
The drying described above can also be prevented. If the bag dries easily, it is best to layer the surface layer of the accumulated feces mixture inside the bag with a cover made of the same material as the bag or with a breathable heat insulating material.

It is desirable that the framed containers used in the present invention have a structure and strength that allow them to be stacked high, and that they can be rotated 180° and turned upside down, especially by using a rotation fork or other overturning device. .

Hereinafter, the frame container used in the aerobic fermentation processing apparatus of the present invention will be specifically explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of a framed container, in which 1 is a pipe-shaped support, and 2 is a pipe leg into which the pipe 1 can be easily inserted. 3 and 4 are side frames, and 5 is a bottom frame, on which a floor material 6 such as punched metal, expanded metal, or wire mesh is fixed. As shown in FIG. 1, connecting fittings 7 are fixed to the side frames 3 and 4 at the top and bottom using bolts and nuts 8. 9 is a fork insertion guide.

FIG. 2A is a front view of the support portion, and FIG. 2B is a sectional view taken along the line A--A in FIG. 2A. In both figures,
1 is a pipe-shaped support, 2 is a pipe leg, and 7 is a connecting fitting.

3 and 4 are front views of the side frame 4 and the side frame 3 shown in FIG. 1, respectively.

Figures 5A and 5B show, respectively, a plan view and a side view of the bottom of the framed container shown in Figure 1.

In the specific examples of the framed container shown in FIGS. 1 to 5B, the rotation fork is inserted into the fork guide 9 and the framed container is overturned, but other overturning mechanisms may also be used. can. For example, as shown in FIG. 6, a cylindrical structure 9' is provided at the bottom of the frame container, and a shaft is passed through the cylindrical structure 9' from one end, so that the frame container can be rotated up and down. You can also do this.

Next, an example of the use of the aerobic fermentation processing apparatus equipped with the above-mentioned framework container will be described with reference to the following embodiments.

Example: Polyester having a basis weight of 130 (g/m ² ), tensile strength of 60 (Kg/5cm), tear strength of 8.0 (Kg), air permeability of 125 (cc/cm ² /sec), and embossed and superheated on both sides. Made of spunbond, the bottom area is 1500mm x 1000mm, the height is 700mm, and the longitudinal direction is 1000mm.
A box-shaped bag with a lid of 750 mm in width and width direction is sewn, and as shown in FIG. After binding the four corners and the middle part, the lid 11 was hung on the outside of the framed container.

590 kg of pork poop (moisture 71.5%) and sawdust (moisture 26%)
%) 110Kg in a kneader for 3 minutes,
It was put into the bag 10 shown in FIG. 7, and the lid 11 was folded over as shown in FIG. In the same manner, the frame containers containing the pork feces mixture were stacked in four tiers as shown in FIG. 9.

Aerobic fermentation began soon. The relationship between fermentation days and fermentation temperature is shown in Figure 10. As shown in Figure 10, the temperature at the center (indicated by the dashed line b) and the fermentation temperature at the center of the side (indicated by the solid line a), which is 5 cm inside the side of the bag, are almost the same, and the fermentation temperature is approximately 55℃ for 40 days. was held. Note that the solid line c in FIG. 10 indicates the outside temperature.

After 50 days, the lid of the bag was opened and the center of the fermented product was excavated from the top to the bottom in a columnar shape and observed.
Both are dark brown mature compost with a compost odor.
A uniform compost was obtained that did not retain the shape of the sawdust. Compost with excellent uniformity was obtained with almost no difference between each stage. During fermentation, almost no bad odor was generated, and since the pork feces mixture was stored inside the bag, there was no feeling of filth and there was almost no fly formation. The frame container 13 containing this mature compost is rotated 180° around the horizontal axis above the truck by a rotating fork.
When the frame container was turned upside down and the mature compost inside the bag body 10 was dropped into the truck box, everything was smoothly loaded into the box, and there was nothing attached to the bag body 10 or the binding cord 12. No abnormalities were observed. This example was repeated in the same manner as above, and similarly good results were obtained in each case.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of a framework container used in the aerobic fermentation processing apparatus of the present invention, FIGS. 2A and 2B are a front view and a sectional view of the support portion of the framework container, and FIGS. The figures are respectively a front view of the side frame of the framed container, FIGS. 5A and 5B are a plan view and a side view of the bottom of the framed container, respectively, and FIG. 6 is another example used in the aerobic fermentation processing apparatus of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a front view of the framed container shown in FIG. 1 (only the front side of the frame on one side is shown), and FIG. Fig. 8 is a perspective view showing a state in which a bag housed in a frame container is filled with a livestock manure mixture and the lid is folded over, and Fig. 9 is a perspective view showing a state in which the apparatus shown in Fig. 8 is stacked in four stages. The front view shown in FIG. 10 is a graph showing the fermentation temperature curve. 1... Support column, 2... Leg body, 3... Side frame, 4...
... Side frame, 5 ... Bottom frame, 6 ... Floor material, 7 ... Connection fittings, 8 ... Bolt nut, 9 ... Fork insertion guide, 9' ... Cylindrical structure, 10 ... Box-shaped bag , 11... bag lid, 12... binding string, 13...
...Frame container.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 (a) Frame containers made of metal or synthetic resin, and
(b) A box-shaped bag made of a breathable fiber sheet that can be fully stored in the frame container, and the frame container has a structure and strength that allows the box-shaped bags to be stacked at a high level, and has a high A space is formed at the top and bottom of the frame container to ensure ventilation when stacked, and the box-shaped bag is sewn with binding strings in several places that can be fixed to the bottom of the frame container, and a lid is attached. 1. An aerobic fermentation processing device characterized by comprising a box-like bag body.