JP6228835B2 - Garbage disposal method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a garbage disposal method.

  Generally, garbage is collected from each household and incinerated in a garbage incinerator at a municipal waste disposal plant. Garbage incinerators treat garbage by putting it into the combustion chamber. However, because garbage contains a lot of water, it has been proposed to remove moisture from the garbage and then throw it into the combustion chamber. . However, since garbage is collected from each household while containing moisture and transported to a waste disposal site, it is bulky and heavy, and transportation costs increase by transporting it to a remote waste disposal site. Is invited.

Incineration of a large amount of garbage not only generates toxic gases such as dioxins, but also releases a large amount of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) into the atmosphere. Therefore, it is desirable to reduce the amount of garbage to be incinerated in order to suppress global warming. In addition, when a large amount of garbage is collected beyond the processing capacity of the garbage treatment plant, the garbage is left unattended, which causes problems such as generation of malodors and pests (such as worms). In addition, incineration of food waste requires high fuel costs, increasing the burden on local governments and households.

  By the way, raw garbage is about 20% to 30% of the whole of garbage including about 70% to 80% of water, such as vegetable scraps and fruit peels, and food residue, meat, and fish. It is roughly divided into two types: food waste that contains food. Among these, garbage such as vegetable scraps can be considerably reduced in bulk and weight by drying by sun-drying for about a week, so for example, collect after drying the garbage in each home etc. This makes it possible to reduce transportation costs to the landfill. On the other hand, food waste such as fish is not reduced so much in bulk and weight even when dried, so the problem of transportation cost still remains. If it is possible to completely separate and collect raw garbage such as vegetable scraps and raw garbage such as fish, it is possible to carry out treatment suitable for each, but it is difficult to achieve complete separate collection of garbage .

  In addition, it is often proposed to compost fermented garbage from a composting plant without incinerating the garbage. However, in order to ferment the garbage, it is necessary to remove moisture from the garbage. For this reason, a large scale dehydration facility and a vast sun-drying space are required, which is difficult to achieve in urban areas and must be carried out in areas far from the urban areas. As a result, there is a cost for transporting garbage to areas far from the metropolitan area, and the problem of transport cost has not been solved.

  In addition, attempts have been made to ferment raw garbage in each household and compost it, but it is difficult to achieve optimal fermentation conditions continuously over a long period of time. In patent document 1, the proposal of collect | recovering raw garbage easily without putting so much burden on each household is made | formed. In Patent Document 1, raw garbage is introduced into a storage container together with compost and fermented, and then accumulated in a composting space to further ferment the fermented material and compost. Subsequently, it is disclosed that the compost is divided into small portions, distributed, placed in a storage container together with food waste, and fermented sequentially. In this patent document 1, since the garbage is reduced in volume and reduced in weight and can be collected in a state where there is not so much offensive odor, composting of the collected garbage is compared with the case where the garbage is treated as it is. It can be done in a short period of time with small equipment.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-081685

  In Patent Document 1, a plurality of complicated processes must be performed although the equipment cost and the like can be suppressed. Accordingly, while not burdening each household so much, it is difficult to think that the process performed in each household is complicated and the burden is reduced. In particular, when preparing seed compost to be used for fermenting and composting raw garbage, livestock manure and humus soil are mixed at a predetermined ratio to make a mixture, and this mixture and humus are mixed at a predetermined ratio, and sawdust is mixed. The water content is adjusted to 60% to 70% as a whole, and then the primary fermentation is performed for 1 to 3 weeks under sufficient ventilation. Perform the complicated process of adjusting the fermented fermented product to a moisture content of 55% to 65% with a separately prepared treatment solution, and then composting it for about 2 weeks. Yes. Therefore, it is difficult to easily perform such a series of steps in a general household.

  In view of the circumstances as described above, the present invention provides a garbage disposal method that can easily and reliably treat garbage with a simple configuration and that can be easily carried out in the home. Objective.

The present invention is a method for treating garbage that is put into a container, wherein grass chips are formed in the bottom layer of the container to form a grass chip layer, and fermenting bacteria are mixed on the grass chip layer. A fermented layer is formed by adding and mixing the fermented rice bran , bamboo powder fermented with lactic acid bacteria, and fermented dry livestock feces, and adding and stirring raw garbage into the fermented layer.

  Moreover, the garbage may be put into the fermentation layer after removing at least a part of water. In addition, the upper surface of the fermentation layer is covered with a paper lid made of paper, a weight is placed on the paper lid, the upper end of the container is closed with the container lid, and a weight is placed on the container lid. The upper part of the container including may be covered with a vinyl sheet. The paper lid may be newspaper or cardboard.

According to the present invention, by putting raw garbage into a fermented layer in which a rice bran mixed with fermenting bacteria, bamboo powder fermented with lactic acid bacteria, and fermented dry livestock feces are mixed and mixed, the raw garbage is stirred. Since it can be processed easily and reliably and a simple configuration is adopted, it can be easily carried out even in the home. Moreover, since the fermentation layer is formed on the grass chip layer, the moisture generated from the garbage is absorbed by the grass chip layer, so that unnecessary moisture can be removed from the fermentation layer and the fermentation state is appropriately set. Can be maintained. Furthermore, garbage disposal can be assisted by soil microorganisms such as fungi adhering to the grass chips in the grass chip layer.

  Moreover, by removing a part of the water | moisture content in garbage beforehand, fermentation time can be shortened and garbage treatment can be accelerated | stimulated. Further, by covering the top surface of the fermentation layer with a lid made of paper, unnecessary moisture in the fermentation layer can be absorbed by the paper lid together with the grass chip layer. In addition, by closing the top of the container with a container lid and covering the top of the container, including the container lid, with a vinyl sheet, it is possible to prevent the entry of insects such as flies and the like, and to prevent the occurrence of worms. I can deal with it. In addition, since newspaper or cardboard is used as the paper cover, it is possible to use the paper that is no longer needed in the home, and the cost can be reduced.

It is sectional drawing which shows an example to which embodiment of the garbage processing method is applied. It is a flowchart explaining the procedure of the garbage processing method. (A) is sectional drawing which shows the state which formed the grass chip layer in the container, (b) is the state which formed the fermentation layer on the grass chip layer. (A) is sectional drawing which shows the state in which the garbage was thrown on the fermentation layer, (b) is the state which stirred the garbage in the fermentation layer. (A) is sectional drawing which shows the state which installed the paper cover and the weight, (b) is the state which installed the container cover and the weight, and was coat | covered with the vinyl sheet.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described below. Further, in the drawings, in order to describe the embodiment, a part or the whole is schematically described, and a part expressed by changing the scale as appropriate, for example, partly enlarged or emphasized is included.

  An embodiment of a garbage disposal method will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example to which an embodiment of a garbage disposal method is applied. As shown in FIG. 1, a container 10 is used in the garbage disposal method of the present embodiment. The container 10 has an opening 10a on the upper side and a bottom plate 10b on the lower side. The container 10 is, for example, a plastic poly bucket having a circular horizontal cross section. For example, a container 10 having a capacity of about 100 liters is used.

  The shape, size, and material of the container 10 are arbitrary. For example, the container 10 may have a rectangular horizontal cross section, or may be made of a metal such as stainless steel. Further, as the container 10, a drum drum whose upper end is cut off may be used. Moreover, what put the plastic bag etc. in the cardboard box as the container 10 may be used. Moreover, the thing of the magnitude | size which can install the magnitude | size of the container 10 in the garden tip of a general house, the veranda of an apartment house, etc. may be used.

  A container lid 11 for closing the opening 10 a is provided at the upper end of the container 10. The container lid 11 is used so as to cover the upper end of the container 10. Note that the container lid 11 does not need to seal the inside of the container 10, and may be any one that can suppress at least insects and rainwater from entering the container 10. The container lid 11 may be made of the same material as that of the container 10 or may be made of a different material. Further, the container lid 11 may be connected to the upper end of the container 10 by a hinge or the like so that the opening 10a of the container 10 can be opened and closed.

In the container 10, the grass chip layer 12 formed on the bottom plate 10b of the container 10 and the fermentation layer 13 formed on the grass chip layer 12 are accommodated. The grass chip layer 12 is formed in the lowermost layer in the container 10 with a thickness of 3 cm to 10 cm, for example. The grass chip layer 12 is formed, for example, by using grass chips obtained by cutting grass (including dead grass) into a length of about 1 cm to 5 cm, which are put on the bottom plate 10b. Grass used for grass chips is not particularly limited, and the is used reaped weeds growing in gardens and parks. Therefore, there is no need to purchase new grass chips and they can be obtained easily. Alternatively, some grass may be used as it is without being cut. Moreover, the thickness of the grass chip layer 12 is also arbitrary, and may be formed according to the amount (thickness) of the fermentation layer 13. The grass chip layer 12 may include, for example, fallen leaves (dead leaves).

  The grass chip layer 12 is formed by randomly feeding grass chips, and a large number of minute gaps are formed. The grass chip layer 12 is formed under the fermentation layer 13 and can absorb the moisture generated in the fermentation layer 13, and removes unnecessary moisture from the fermentation layer 13 to appropriately maintain the fermentation state. Has a moisture adjustment function. The grass chip layer 12 has aerobic bacteria such as Bacillus bacteria represented by Bacillus subtilis, for example, as soil microorganisms attached to grass and the like. These aerobic bacteria groups also contribute to the garbage treatment of the fermentation layer 13 described later. Moreover, since the grass chip layer 12 has many minute gaps, oxygen can be supplied to the fungi with respect to the fermentation layer 13. As will be described later, when the fermentation layer 13 is stirred, the fresh air can be introduced into the minute gap by aeration of the grass chip layer 12.

The fermentation layer 13 is a mixture of rice bran mixed with fermentation bacteria, bamboo powder fermented with lactic acid bacteria, and fermented dry livestock feces, and is formed on the grass chip layer 12. This fermentation layer 13 is mainly used as a thing for processing garbage G.

When converted to 1 ton of garbage G, rice bran is fermented by mixing 250 g of fermenting bacteria such as Lactobacillus in 10 liters. Lactobacillus is a gram-positive lactobacilli. The rice bran, is mixed microorganisms such as fermenters having an action of decomposing organic substances such as carbohydrates, it is that as the water content for example about 10% to 20%, a microorganism is stably store. Therefore, when stirred with the garbage G, the microorganisms start to act by increasing the moisture content, grow with moisture, calcium nitrate and sodium nitrate as nutrients, decompose organic substances contained in food waste, It has the function of aerobically fermenting garbage G. As the fermentation progresses, fermentation heat is generated, and the fermentation is completed as time passes. When the garbage G is agitated with the fermentation layer 13, moisture is evaporated by the heat of fermentation generated during fermentation, and for example, a powdery food waste having a moisture content of about 30% to 40% is obtained.

For example, bamboo powder is introduced at a rate of 1 to 3 kg per 10 liters of rice bran . Bamboo powder is made from finely chopped bamboo with a pulverizer and is generally used as a soil conditioner. Bamboo powder fermented with lactic acid bacteria can be promoted with composting by being stirred together with garbage G. Bamboo powder is coarsely pulverized by a pulverizer and leaves needle-like fibers. In addition, the lactic acid bacteria in the bamboo are reduced by heat generated during pulverization, the water is evaporated, and the effective component of the corner is lost. As the bamboo powder of this embodiment, bamboo is cut without applying heat, and fine powder is used. As a result, the bamboo powder suppresses the disappearance of lactic acid bacteria and is produced without destroying the honeycomb structure (cell tissue), and holds a large amount of lactic acid bacteria alive in the honeycomb structure.

  Moreover, since bamboo powder is cut without destroying the honeycomb structure, for example, it becomes PH 3 to 4 after fermentation, and promotes decomposition of lime in the soil, for example. Thereby, bamboo powder can produce | generate many organic substances, such as lactic acid and an acetic acid, with lactic acid bacteria. Therefore, the fermentation layer 13 becomes weakly acidic, the number of yeasts that prefer weak acidity increases, and the activity of spoilage bacteria and pathogenic bacteria can be suppressed, and good bacteria can be made dominant. For example, per 100 g of bamboo powder, Na (sodium) is 3 mg, K (potassium) is 1273 mg, Ca (calcium) is 14 mg, Fe (iron) is 5.4 mg, Mg (magnesium) is 25.6 mg, Mn ( Manganese) has a mineral composition of 4.9 mg, P (phosphorus) is 43 mg, and Zn (zinc) is 1.4 mg.

  In general, bamboo grows fast, because of its hardness and flexibility, bamboo crafts such as crafts and daily necessities, paper made using fiber, bamboo vinegar used for disinfection, bamboo charcoal used for deodorization, building materials, It has been used in various places such as the construction site. However, due to the current decline in the use of bamboo, bamboo forests spread everywhere in the local mountains, and the current situation is that it is difficult to treat bamboo in areas where the aging has advanced and the mountains cannot be maintained. Therefore, effective use of bamboo can be achieved by using surplus bamboo. Moreover, what is marketed may be used for the bamboo powder used for this embodiment.

  The fermented dry livestock feces are introduced at a rate of 1 to 3 kg per 10 liters of rice sugar, for example. The fermented dry livestock feces can be promoted to compost by being stirred together with the garbage G. As the dry stored feces, fermented and dried cow dung, pig dung, chicken dung, horse dung, goat or sheep dung, etc. are used. In the present embodiment, pig feces are used as dry stored feces. Dried feces has a large effect on the handleability of water content. For example, the moisture content is 60% w. b. When it is above, the provisional specific gravity is large and the adhesion is also large. On the contrary, the water content is 30% w. b. When it becomes below, dust comes to be generated. Therefore, in this embodiment, for example, the moisture content is 25 to 55% w. b. Is used. Moreover, it is preferable that the pH value of dried feces is, for example, 5.5 to 8.5. When the pH value is 5.5 or less, excessive handling of minerals, phosphoric acid fixation, absorption troubles, and the like occur, and handling properties are reduced.

  The dried feces has a lower EC value (amount of ions contained), and preferably has an EC value of 3.0 dS / m or less, for example. Examples of ionic components of dry feces include potassium, sodium, chlorine, and nitric acid. The dry feces has a small amount of nitrogen when the C / N ratio (the ratio between carbon and nitrogen) is high. Preferably, the C / N ratio is 10-40. If the value is too large, nitrogen starvation may occur in the fermentation layer 13. It is preferable that the dried feces has less ammonia nitrogen in the ratio of ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen. Ammonia is generated early in composting and causes malodor and crop growth inhibition. On the other hand, the nitrate nitrogen ratio indicates the ratio of nitrate nitrogen in the inorganic nitrogen in the compost, and this value is preferably larger. Nitrate nitrogen is formed by nitrifying ammonia. This reaction occurs mainly during secondary fermentation.

  It is preferable that dry feces has a lower fertilizer component balance (ratio of potassium when the total nitrogen amount is 1). The proper value of the fertilizer component balance is preferably 5 or less. The dry feces is not preferable if the heavy metal concentration (concentration of copper and zinc) is too high. Therefore, the appropriate value of the heavy metal concentration is preferably, for example, 300 ppm or less for copper and 900 ppm or less for zinc.

  The dried feces is agitated with garbage G to create an appropriate ecosystem for organic matter decomposition. That is, among organisms that decompose, microorganisms such as bacteria work most directly, and among them, garbage G is efficiently produced by important microorganisms such as fungi, filamentous fungi, protists, actinomycetes, and the like. Fermented. In addition, what was marketed may be used for the above-mentioned dry livestock dung (for example, pig dung).

  Garbage G is put into the fermentation layer 13 and stirred. Garbage G is particularly targeted for fish arabe and food residues with low moisture content, but fruit peels and leaves may also be targeted. Moreover, the garbage G may remove some or all of the moisture before being put into the fermentation layer 13. Thereby, fermentation time of garbage G can be shortened. The removal of moisture from the garbage G may be carried out by hand, or by using a sun-dryer or a dryer. In addition, the stirring of the fermentation layer 13 may be performed using a stirrer or the like in addition to the manual operation by the operator.

  A paper lid 14 is disposed on the upper surface of the fermentation layer 13. As the paper lid 14, paper such as newspaper or cardboard is used, and covers the upper surface of the fermentation layer 13 in which the garbage G is mixed. Since the paper lid 14 is paper such as newspaper or cardboard, it is not necessary to purchase a new one, and equipment in the home can be used. A weight 15 is placed on the paper lid 14. As the weight 15, for example, a cloth or vinyl bag in which soil or sand is put is used. The weight 15 is used to bring the paper lid 14 into close contact with the fermentation layer 13. The paper lid 14 is in close contact with the upper surface of the fermentation layer 13, thereby preventing insects from entering the fermentation layer 13 and absorbing excess water generated in the fermentation layer 13. In the drawing, one weight 15 is placed, but a plurality of weights 15 may be placed. The weight 15 may be a stone, a block, a brick, or the like instead of a bag containing soil or sand.

  An opening 10 a at the upper end of the container 10 is closed by a container lid 11, and a weight 16 is placed on the container lid 11. The weight 16 is, for example, a cloth or vinyl bag filled with soil or sand, like the weight 15 described above. Since the weight 16 is placed on the container lid 11, the container lid 11 is prevented from being detached from the container 10 due to wind or the like. A plurality of weights 16 may be placed, and a stone, a block, a brick, or the like may be used instead of a bag containing soil or sand.

  A vinyl sheet 17 is installed so as to cover the container lid 11 on which the weight 16 is placed. For example, a blue sheet is used as the vinyl sheet 17. Thus, the opening 10a of the container 10 is covered with the container lid 11 and the vinyl sheet 17. Thereby, it is possible to prevent insects from entering the fermentation layer 13 while preventing odor from the fermentation layer 13 from leaking to the outside, and to prevent rainwater from entering the fermentation layer 13. A weight may be placed on the vinyl sheet 17 so that the vinyl sheet 17 is not blown away by wind or the like. Moreover, you may connect the edge part of the vinyl sheet 17 to the ground or a building.

  FIG. 2 is a flowchart for explaining the procedure of the garbage disposal method. A description will be given with reference to FIGS. As shown in FIG. 2, first, grass chips are put into the container 10 to form the grass chip layer 12 as the lowest layer (step S1). FIG. 3A shows a state where the grass chip layer 12 is formed on the container 10. As shown in FIG. 3A, after weeds and the like are cut in advance to create grass chips, the grass chips are put into the container 10 to form a 3 to 10 cm grass chip layer 12 from the bottom plate 10b. At this time, whether or not the grass chip is pressed against the bottom plate 10b to be compressed is arbitrary. In either case, it is possible to form a minute gap between the grass chips.

Next, the fermentation layer 13 is formed on the grass chip layer 12 (step S2). FIG. 3B shows a state in which the fermentation layer 13 is formed on the grass chip layer 12. As shown in FIG. 3 (b), the fermented layer 13 has rice bran mixed with fermenting bacteria, bamboo flour fermented with lactic acid bacteria, and fermented dried livestock droppings put into the grass chip layer 12 in the container 10, and these Are mixed to form. In addition, in a container different from the container 10, rice bran mixed with fermenting bacteria, bamboo powder fermented with lactic acid bacteria, and fermented dry livestock feces may be mixed in advance, and this mixture may be put into the container 10.

Next, the garbage G is put into the container 10 and stirred together with the fermentation layer 13 (step S3). FIG. 4A shows a state where the garbage G is put on the fermentation layer 13, and FIG. 4B shows a state where the garbage G is stirred in the fermentation layer 13. As shown in FIG. 4 (a), the garbage G is put into the fermentation layer 13, and subsequently, as shown in FIG. Get inside. Stirring of the fermentation layer 13 is performed so that each garbage G is coat | covered with mixtures, such as the above-mentioned rice bran , so that the garbage G may not collect in the fermentation layer 13. FIG.

  In addition, when there is much quantity of garbage G, you may throw in with respect to the fermentation layer 13 after several hours or several days. The amount of the garbage G that can be input at a time is determined according to the amount of the fermentation layer 13, and for example, the same amount of garbage G as the fermentation layer 13 may be input. Moreover, stirring of the fermentation layer 13 may be performed manually or a stirrer may be used. When stirring, you may stir so that the grass chip layer 12 of the lowest layer may not be broken. Moreover, you may stir so that the grass chip layer 12 may touch external air at the time of stirring.

  Moreover, when throwing the garbage G into the fermentation layer 13, you may throw into the fermentation layer 13 after removing a part of the water | moisture content in the garbage G. Thereby, it can prevent that the water | moisture content more than necessary is thrown in into the fermentation layer 13. FIG. The removal of moisture from the garbage G may be performed by sun drying or drying for several hours to several days in addition to squeezing by hand.

  Next, the paper cover 14 is installed on the fermentation layer 13, and the weight 15 is installed on the paper cover 14 (step S4). FIG. 5A shows a state in which the paper lid 14 and the weight 15 are installed. As shown in FIG. 5A, the paper lid 14 is installed so as to cover the upper surface of the fermentation layer 13. The paper lid 14 may be installed by laminating a plurality of papers (newspaper or cardboard). Subsequently, a weight 15 is placed on the paper lid 14. The paper lid 14 is in close contact with the fermentation layer 13 by the weight 15.

  Next, the opening 10a of the container 10 is closed with the container lid 11, a weight 16 is placed on the container lid 11, and a vinyl sheet 17 is installed so as to cover the container lid 11 (step S5). FIG. 5B shows a state where the container lid 11 and the weight 16 are installed and covered with the vinyl sheet 17. As shown in FIG.5 (b), the weight 16 is mounted on the container lid 11 which closed the opening part 10a of the container 10, and the vinyl sheet 17 is installed so that these may be covered. This prevents insects from entering the container 10 and prevents rainwater from entering the container 10.

  The state shown in FIG. 5B is the same as the state shown in FIG. The garbage G in the fermentation layer 13 is processed by the fermentation layer 13 and composted. In addition, the excess water | moisture content produced during the process is absorbed by the grass chip layer 12 or the paper lid 14, and it prevents that fermentation efficiency falls.

  Next, it is determined whether or not the capacity of the container 10 is full (step S6). When the capacity | capacitance of the container 10 is not full (step S6: NO), it returns to step S3 and throwing in of garbage G and stirring are repeated. On the other hand, when the capacity of the container 10 is full (step S6: YES), the fermentation layer 13 is left for a predetermined period (step S7). Thereby, fermentation of garbage G can fully be performed. The predetermined period is, for example, 2 days to 10 days. The predetermined period is a period during which the garbage G can be sufficiently fermented, and varies depending on the amount, type, temperature, and humidity of the garbage G to be input. In addition, you may stir the fermentation layer 13 suitably during a predetermined period.

  Next, after a predetermined period has elapsed, the fermentation layer 13 is taken out (step S8). The fermentation layer 13 is taken out after the vinyl sheet 17 is removed, the weight 16 and the container lid 11 are removed, the weight 15 is taken out, and the paper lid 14 is removed. In addition, the garbage G is processed by the fermentation layer 13, there is no malodor, the weight is light, and it is excellent in handleability.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, since the rice waste G mixed with the fermenting bacteria, the bamboo powder fermented with the lactic acid bacteria, and the fermented dry livestock feces are input, the garbage G is input to the fermentation layer 13 mixed. The garbage G can be processed easily and reliably, and since a simple configuration is adopted, it can be easily carried out in the home.

  The embodiment has been described above, but the present invention is not limited to the above description, and various modifications can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Container 11 ... Container lid 12 ... Grass chip layer 13 ... Fermentation layer 14 ... Paper lid 15, 16 ... Weight 17 ... Vinyl sheet G ... Garbage

Claims (4)

A method for treating garbage thrown into a container,
A grass chip layer is formed by introducing grass chips into the lowermost layer in the container,
On the grass chip layer, a rice bran mixed with fermenting bacteria, bamboo powder fermented with lactic acid bacteria, and fermented dry animal manure is formed and mixed to form a fermentation layer,
A method for treating garbage, comprising putting the garbage into the fermentation layer and stirring it.   The said garbage is input into the said fermentation layer, after removing at least one part of water | moisture content, The garbage processing method of Claim 1 characterized by the above-mentioned. The upper surface of the fermentation layer is covered with a paper lid made of paper, and a weight is installed on the paper lid.
The upper end of the container is closed with a container lid, a weight is installed on the container lid, and the upper part of the container including the container lid is covered with a vinyl sheet. Garbage disposal method. 4. The garbage disposal method according to claim 3, wherein the paper lid is made of newspaper or cardboard.

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