JPH0576291A - Solid feed for fish culture - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide the title feed of moderate hardness, excellent in shape retainability, intake capability and nutritive value, consisting of a combination of soybean cake as binder and animal protein source and useful for yellowtail and eel culture. CONSTITUTION:The objective feed consisting of a combination of (A) as binder, pref. 10-70wt.% of soybean cake and (B) as protein source, pref. 10-85wt.% of an animal protein source such as fish meal, shrimp meal or bone meat meal. The present feed is pref. of such shape as to 2-20mm in diameter and 3-30mm in length.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a solid feed for fish farming.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, fish meal, raw fish, pupa, etc. have been used as a powder alone or as a feed for fish, as feed for fish farming. In recent years, the components of these fish meal, raw fish, etc. have been used. A solid feed prepared by mixing other ingredients such as cereal flour, starch, oils and fats, vitamins and minerals into a solid form is widely used because of its ease of handling, good balance of various nutritional components, and feeding ability. It is supposed to be done. And, these solid feeds for fish farming are required to be hard to disintegrate in water and nevertheless not be too hard and be easily ingested by fish.

Solid feeds for fish farming are generally fish meal, meat meal,
If necessary, add oils, fats, vitamins, minerals, etc. to animal protein components such as bone meal, and further add binders such as wheat flour, starch, carboxymethyl cellulose and other grains to the extruder and knead. After that, it is manufactured by extruding into a rod shape from a die and cutting.

Although the conventional solid feed for fish farming produced as described above has good disintegration resistance, it is too hard to be ingested by fish, and when ingested, it is crushed in the oral cavity of fish. It had the drawback of being difficult and having poor digestion and absorption. Moreover, since the conventional solid feed for fish farming contains a large amount of starch binders such as wheat flour, starch and cereals, the protein content ratio cannot be increased.

[0005]

The present inventors have conducted research for the purpose of solving the above-mentioned drawbacks of conventional solid feeds for fish farming. As a result, when soybean meal is used instead of the conventional binder, it becomes a solid feed that is easily ingested by fish having an appropriate hardness, and the solid feed has a uniform particle size and a relatively high protein content. It was found to be nutritious. Further, the present inventors, in such a solid feed for fish farming using soybean meal as a binder, not only soybean meal replaces the conventional starchy binder, but also increase the protein content in the solid feed for fish farming and increase the solid content. It was found that the fat content in the feed can be increased and a high protein / high calorie solid feed can be obtained.

Therefore, the present invention is a solid feed for fish farming, characterized in that soybean meal is used as a binder and is used in combination with an animal protein source as a protein source.

The solid feed for fish farming of the present invention comprises soybean meal; animal ingredients such as fish meal, shrimp meal, meat meal, bone meat meal and raw meat;
If necessary, further oils and fats, bran bran, wheat germ, vitamins, minerals and other components are made, and after kneading in the barrel of the extruder by adding water to the raw materials made of these components, extruding from a die, It can be produced by drying a product cut into a suitable size.

The proportion of each component in the solid feed for fish farming of the present invention can be changed according to various requirements such as the type, size, and breeding method of the fish to be fed. Approximately 10 to soybean meal based on total weight
70 wt% (hereinafter wt% is simply referred to as%); about 10 to 10 animal components such as fish meal, shrimp meal, meat meal, bone meat meal and raw meat
About 85%; fats and oils 0 to about 20%; vitamins, minerals, and other components 0 to about 10%, it is difficult to disintegrate during handling work and administration in water, nevertheless, it has an appropriate hardness. It is possible to obtain a solid feed having a high protein content having a uniform particle size.

Among them, a solid feed for fish farming produced from about 15 to 50% of soybean meal, about 30 to 70% of animal components, 5 to 20% of oils and fats and 5 to 10% of other components such as vitamins is suitable. It is desirable because it has high hardness, excellent disintegration resistance, and a high protein content.

As described above, since the present invention uses soybean meal instead of the starchy binder in the conventional solid feed for fish farming, it does not contain starchy materials such as wheat flour, starch and cereals. desirable. However, not more than about 10%, preferably 5%, based on the total weight of the solid feed ingredients.
The above-mentioned starchy material may be added as a kind of the above-mentioned other component as long as it is not more than%. The content of the starch material of 10% or less, preferably 5% or less is considerably smaller than the content of the starch material of the conventional solid feed for fish farming of about 15% or more. I understand.

The solid feed for fish farming of the present invention comprises, as a protein component, soybean meal and animals such as the above-mentioned fish meal, shrimp meal, krill meal, meat meal, bone meat meal and raw meat which are usually used in the solid diet for fish farming. Contains a sex protein component. The animal protein component is not limited to these, and any animal protein component conventionally used in fish feed solid feeds can be used. Of these, fish meal, shrimp meal, and krill meal are particularly preferable.

As the fats and oils, both vegetable oils and animal fats and oils can be used, and fish oils are particularly preferable.
Further, as other components, amino acids in addition to the above-mentioned vitamins, minerals, bran and wheat germ, palatability substances,
A drug or the like can be used as necessary.

The solid feed for fish farming of the present invention has a hardness of about 0.9 to 5.0 kg when measured by the following method, and a pulverization rate of about 2% or less when measured by the following method. The size of the solid feed can be appropriately changed according to the type and size of the fish to be fed, but usually the diameter is about 2 to 30 m.
m, and the length is preferably about 2 to 45 mm. Particularly, suitable results are obtained when a diameter of about 3 to 20 mm and a length of about 3 to 30 mm are prepared.

The fish feed solid feed of the present invention can be produced by using an extrusion method and an extrusion apparatus which are generally employed in the production of fish feed solid feed. Generally, the above-mentioned raw materials are fed to an extruder to obtain about 1.0-10 kg / c.
It can be produced by extruding at a discharge pressure (die pressure) of m ² .

The solid feed for fish farming of the present invention comprises yellowtail, eel, red sea bream, carp, sweetfish, prawn, salmon, trout,
It is suitable as a fish feed for flounder and other fish, especially red sea bream. For example, the solid feed of the present invention has a diameter of about 1.5.
When the size is relatively small, such as ~ 5 mm and length of about 1.5-8 mm, the above-mentioned fish for fry can be easily ingested, and the hardness is low and it easily collapses in the digestive tract of the fish, so it is easily digested and absorbed. , Can greatly promote the growth of fish.

The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. Moreover, the hardness and the pulverization rate of the solid feed in this specification were all measured by the following methods.

Method for Measuring Hardness of Solid Feed One normal grain of solid feed having no defects, etc. was placed on a sample stand of a digital hardness meter KHT-20 (diameter of pressure cylinder attachment 5 mm) manufactured by Kiya Co., Ltd. Put. Press the start switch to apply weight to the solid feed, and read the weight (kg) when the solid feed is crushed and record it on the scale. The above test is repeated using 10 normal grains of the solid feed, the weight at the time of crushing is read, and the average value is taken as the hardness (kg) of the solid feed.

Method for measuring the pulverization rate of the solid feed About 100 g (S) (g) of normal grains of the solid feed having no defects, etc., were placed in a rotating container (vertical 12) of a pulverization rate tester manufactured by Sympo Industry Co.
50 inches (12 inches, width 12 inches, depth 5)
Rotate for 10 minutes at a rotation speed of revolutions / minute. Then, take out the whole amount of the sample in the rotating container and use a sieve having a predetermined opening for each solid feed size (for example, for solid feed having a diameter of 6 mm, a sieve having a opening of 5.5 mm,
For solid feed with a diameter of 3.5 mm, use a sieve with a mesh size of 3.3 mm) and perform sieving for 30 seconds. The weight of the solid feed remaining on the sieve is measured to be A (g), and the powdering rate of the solid feed is calculated by the following formula. Powdering rate of solid feed (%) = {A (g) / S (g)} x
100

[0019]

[Examples] Sample formulations 1 to 7 shown in Table 1 below were prepared. After premixing each of the solid feed materials for fish farming in each section having the sample formulation shown in Table 1, 70 kg / in the hopper of the extruder [Ueda Iron Works Co., Ltd .: EP-50]
In addition to supplying at a rate of time, water was supplied in a predetermined amount shown in Table 1 below, and extruded into a rod shape from a die having a hole with a diameter of 3.5 mm under the conditions shown in Table 1, and the extruded rod-shaped body was cutter. Were cut into pellet-like feeds having a length of 5 mm. This solid feed was dried to obtain a solid feed for fish farming in each section. The specific gravity, protein content and fat content, hardness and pulverization rate of the solid feed in each section were measured, and the results shown in Table 1 were obtained.

[0020]

[Table 1]

From the results shown in Table 1, the solid feeds for fish farming of the present invention in the 3rd to 6th groups (Examples 1 to 4) in which soybean meal is used as a binder and a part of the protein component are hard. It can be seen that it has an appropriate hardness without being too much, powdering due to disintegration hardly occurs, and the protein content is high and the nutritional value is high.

On the other hand, the solid feed of the 1st group (Comparative Example 1) using the starchy binder consisting of potato starch and wheat flour has high hardness and is too hard. 2 wards not containing both soybean meal (Comparative Example 2)
It can be seen that although the solid feed of (1) has a high protein content, its hardness is too small and it is extremely easy to disintegrate. Further, it can be seen that the solid feed in the 7th section (Comparative Example 3) containing only soybean meal as a protein component and not containing fish meal has a too high hardness but a small protein content and a low nutritional value.

[0023]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION The solid feed for fish farming of the present invention is resistant to disintegration and therefore has good handleability and shape retention even when administered in water. Moreover, because it is not too hard and has an appropriate hardness that is easy for fish to ingest, it has a good feeding ability by fish and is easily disintegrated and digested and absorbed in the digestive tract when ingested, and the fish grows. Greatly promote. Furthermore,
The solid feed for fish farming of the present invention has a uniform particle size, and in the case of a sedimentary solid feed, it is easily dropped by water and easily ingested by fish. Moreover, the fish feed solid feed of the present invention has a high protein content and a high nutritive value, and can use soybean meal as a protein source partially replacing the animal protein components such as expensive fish meal, and the use of animal protein components. It is economical to reduce the amount. Moreover, in the conventional solid feed for fish farming, there was a problem that the protein content became too low when adding fats and oils components that tend to be insufficient in fish farming feed,
In the present invention, even if an oil and fat component is added, the protein is not lowered and does not decrease, and a high protein / high calorie solid feed can be produced.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A solid feed for fish farming, characterized in that soybean meal is used as a binder together with an animal protein source as a protein source.