JPH05502013A - フエニルヒドロキノンの製造 - Google Patents
フエニルヒドロキノンの製造Info
- Publication number
- JPH05502013A JPH05502013A JP2507802A JP50780290A JPH05502013A JP H05502013 A JPH05502013 A JP H05502013A JP 2507802 A JP2507802 A JP 2507802A JP 50780290 A JP50780290 A JP 50780290A JP H05502013 A JPH05502013 A JP H05502013A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- water
- mixture
- hydroquinone
- phenylhydroquinone
- solvent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- XCZKKZXWDBOGPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylbenzene-1,4-diol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 XCZKKZXWDBOGPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 36
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 8
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical group ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- -1 benzenediazonium compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- CIZVQWNPBGYCGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzenediazonium Chemical compound N#[N+]C1=CC=CC=C1 CIZVQWNPBGYCGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UOCLXMDMGBRAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)(Cl)Cl UOCLXMDMGBRAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- AQZZSWZMWUUVCI-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzenediazonium;hydrogen sulfate Chemical compound OS([O-])(=O)=O.N#[N+]C1=CC=CC=C1 AQZZSWZMWUUVCI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- UQGFMSUEHSUPRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N disodium;3,7-dioxido-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3,5,7-tetraborabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].O1B([O-])OB2OB([O-])OB1O2 UQGFMSUEHSUPRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trichloroethane Chemical compound ClCC(Cl)Cl UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1Cl RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Phosphate ion(2-) Chemical compound OP([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 7
- RLQZIECDMISZHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 RLQZIECDMISZHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N monobenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxychromen-4-one Chemical compound C=1C(OC)=CC(O)=C(C(C=2)=O)C=1OC=2C1=CC=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZSBDGXGICLIJGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-phenoxyphenol Chemical group C1=CC(O)=CC=C1OC1=CC=CC=C1 ZSBDGXGICLIJGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001555 benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001030 gas--liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical group [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium nitrite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]N=O LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940126062 Compound A Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heterophylliin A Natural products O1C2COC(=O)C3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C3=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C3C(=O)OC2C(OC(=O)C=2C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=2)C(O)C1OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005615 azonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- FLIBMGVZWTZQOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene;sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O.C1=CC=CC=C1 FLIBMGVZWTZQOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004054 benzoquinones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009903 catalytic hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012954 diazonium Substances 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-O diazynium Chemical compound [NH+]#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019800 disodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000397 disodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012259 ether extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- OMRRUNXAWXNVFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoridochlorine Chemical compound ClF OMRRUNXAWXNVFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000011027 product recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010288 sodium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C37/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C37/11—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring by reactions increasing the number of carbon atoms
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (7)
- 1.水、ベンゼンジアゾニウム化合物およびヒドロキノンの入っている混合物を 、この混合物のpHを約3〜約9に維持しながら、約0℃〜200℃の温度で反 応させる、ことから成るフェニルヒドロキノンの合成方法。
- 2.該混合物がまた、ヒドロキノンに対して良好でない溶媒であるところのフェ ニルヒドロキノン用水不混和性溶媒を含有しており、そしてこの混合物を激しく 混合することで、水と該水不混和性溶媒との2相混合物を生じさせ、そしてこの 反応の終了時に該フェニルヒドロキノンを該溶媒中に溶解させる請求の範囲1の 方法。
- 3.該水不混和性溶媒がハロゲン化炭化水素溶媒である請求の範囲2の方法。
- 4.該ハロゲン化炭化水素溶媒が塩化メチレン、1,1,2−トリクロロエタン 、1,1,1−トリクロロエタン、クロロベンゼンおよび0−ジクロロベンゼン から成る群から選択される請求の範囲3の方法。
- 5.該ベンゼンジアゾニウム化合物が硫酸水素ベンゼンジアゾニウムおよび塩化 ベンゼンジアゾニウムから成る群から選択される請求の範囲1の方法。
- 6.水酸化アンモニウム、水酸化ナトリウム、四重ホウ酸ナトリウム、燐酸水素 ナトリウム、および酢酸ナトリウムから成る群から選択される1員を添加するこ とによって該pHを保持する請求の範囲1の方法。
- 7.存在しているヒドロキノンの該量が、モルを基準にして、ベンゼンジアゾニ ウム化合物の量よりも多い請求の範囲1の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US07/357,848 US4960957A (en) | 1989-05-30 | 1989-05-30 | Preparation of phenylhydroquinone |
US357,848 | 1989-05-30 | ||
PCT/US1990/002371 WO1990015041A1 (en) | 1989-05-30 | 1990-05-04 | Preparation of phenylhydroquinone |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH05502013A true JPH05502013A (ja) | 1993-04-15 |
JPH075495B2 JPH075495B2 (ja) | 1995-01-25 |
Family
ID=23407289
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2507802A Expired - Lifetime JPH075495B2 (ja) | 1989-05-30 | 1990-05-04 | フエニルヒドロキノンの製造 |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4960957A (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0474670B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPH075495B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR950006799B1 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2017830A1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE69021565T2 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2077064T3 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1990015041A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR0118770B1 (ko) * | 1993-09-06 | 1997-09-30 | 정몽원 | 냉각성능이 개선된 자동차용 교류발전기 |
DE102009015697A1 (de) | 2009-03-31 | 2010-10-07 | Markus Dr. Heinrich | Verfahren zur Arylierung von ringsubstituierten Phenolen und Phenylethern |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA667229A (en) * | 1963-07-23 | Farbwerke Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Vormals Meister Lucius And Bruning | Process for the continuous manufacture of phenols from diazonium salt solutions | |
US2090173A (en) * | 1931-06-24 | 1937-08-17 | Gen Aniline Works Inc | Diphenyl derivatives and a process of preparing them |
US2247404A (en) * | 1939-03-24 | 1941-07-01 | Dow Chemical Co | Aralkyl polyhydric phenol |
US2714120A (en) * | 1950-05-23 | 1955-07-26 | Goodrich Co B F | Method of preparing aralkylated phenolic compounds |
IT1015667B (it) * | 1974-07-04 | 1977-05-20 | Snam Progetti | Poliglicoli stabilizzati per alte temperature |
US4054676A (en) * | 1974-12-04 | 1977-10-18 | Dynapol | Edible with polymeric hydroquinone antioxidant |
US4734531A (en) * | 1987-05-15 | 1988-03-29 | Montedison S.P.A. | Synthesis of (1-phenylethyl) hydroquinone |
JPH0435A (ja) * | 1990-04-16 | 1992-01-06 | Akinaga Katsube | 制振装置の製法 |
-
1989
- 1989-05-30 US US07/357,848 patent/US4960957A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1990
- 1990-05-04 EP EP90907713A patent/EP0474670B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-05-04 WO PCT/US1990/002371 patent/WO1990015041A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1990-05-04 JP JP2507802A patent/JPH075495B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-05-04 KR KR1019910701711A patent/KR950006799B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 1990-05-04 ES ES90907713T patent/ES2077064T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-05-04 DE DE69021565T patent/DE69021565T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-05-30 CA CA002017830A patent/CA2017830A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO1990015041A1 (en) | 1990-12-13 |
EP0474670A4 (en) | 1992-05-06 |
CA2017830A1 (en) | 1990-11-30 |
EP0474670A1 (en) | 1992-03-18 |
DE69021565D1 (de) | 1995-09-14 |
KR920701101A (ko) | 1992-08-11 |
ES2077064T3 (es) | 1995-11-16 |
US4960957A (en) | 1990-10-02 |
DE69021565T2 (de) | 1996-04-11 |
KR950006799B1 (ko) | 1995-06-22 |
EP0474670B1 (en) | 1995-08-09 |
JPH075495B2 (ja) | 1995-01-25 |
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