JPH05268945A - New bacillus microorganism and use thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a new strain of microorganisms belonging to Bacillus pumilus capable of decomposing aflatoxin, thus useful as mycotic growth- inhibitors for preventing diseases due to mould in the agricultural field, or useful as a fermentation promoter to prevent offensive odor generation and to rapidly produce compost, etc. CONSTITUTION:The objective new strain of microorganisms belonging to Bacillus pumilus and capable of degrading aflatoxin [e.g. Bacillus pumilus DB-9008 (FERM P-12266)] can be obtained by isolating various kinds of microorganisms from soil and exploring their properties. This strain is inoculated into waste sawdust having been completely aged and used for artificial Lyophyllum aggregatum culture at 2X10<5> per g of the sawdust to obtain a mycotic growth- inhibitor for preventing diseases due to mould, etc., in the agricultural microbiological field.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a novel microorganism belonging to Bacillus pulmyris and its use.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Various microbial activities are involved in a wide range of agricultural management, and there are cases where this relationship is beneficial and disadvantageous to agriculture.

For example, fungi are microorganisms usually called fungi, which are roughly divided into algae, ascomycetes, basidiomycetes, and incomplete fungi. Among them, yeasts are useful. There are many things.

[0004] However, for example, some filamentous fungi, etc., which exist in the soil and serve as disease-causing fungi of agricultural crops, it is important for agricultural management to prevent their growth.
In addition, although compost is useful as a fertilizer for agricultural products, it contains livestock manure and the like, which may cause offensive odor due to the growth of fungi and may become a hotbed for the growth of pathogenic fungi. was there. Further, infectious diseases of agricultural crops caused by fungi such as filamentous fungi are infectious and may completely destroy agricultural crops. Therefore, it is desired to develop means for effectively preventing the infection.

Conventionally, as methods for inhibiting the growth of fungi, methods using various antibacterial agents and bacteriostatic agents have been known, but in these methods, since the antibacterial agent and bacteriostatic agent components are decomposed, It has been necessary to be sprayed at regular intervals, and there are drawbacks that it inhibits the activities of other useful microorganisms and loses its effect due to the development of resistant bacteria, so it cannot be said to be sufficiently satisfactory.

[0006] Therefore, there has been a demand for the development of a fungal inhibitor which has a long-term action and has no problem of the development of resistant bacteria.

On the other hand, due to changes in living environment and consciousness,
The demand for the prevention of offensive odors and offensive odors is increasing,
For example, it is often the case that neighboring livestock farmers, etc., who have been continuing production, are required to prevent or reduce the offensive odor or offensive odor generated from livestock dung.

Masking method, chemical deodorizing method, physical deodorizing method, biological deodorizing method and the like have been known as deodorizing methods for preventing bad odors. In livestock production, where is continuously and in large quantities produced, there is a limit to the action of chemical deodorant methods and physical deodorant methods.
Furthermore, the masking method does not pose any problem. Therefore, a biological deodorizing method that quickly ferments livestock manure, which is a source of malodor, and prevents the generation of malodor is attracting attention.However, a fermentation promotion method that prevents malodor from livestock manure has been established. The current situation is that there are none. Also, there is a similar problem with kitchen waste that is discharged from old-fashioned toilets and households, but these have not been solved yet.

Therefore, there has been a strong demand for the development of a method for promptly fermenting offensive odor sources such as livestock manure, human feces, and garbage by a simple operation to effectively prevent the generation of offensive odors.

[0010] Furthermore, one of the major concerns of livestock farmers is how to keep livestock healthy and obtain excellent meat and eggs. In actual breeding, livestock consume sufficient feed. In many cases, they cannot be satisfactorily bred because they are not digested, their digestion is insufficient, or they become sick. For example, if a large amount of feed that is easily fermented is fed to ruminants such as cows at one time,
Lumen acidosis occurs temporarily, which reduces the appetite of cattle. Then, such a phenomenon causes abnormal pH of rumen gastric juice, damage to the stomach wall, abnormal production of amines and other metabolites, abnormal heat of fermentation, etc., resulting in normal digestion and absorption. Inhibit. Further, bacteria other than flora may abnormally proliferate and may migrate into the blood to cause gastrointestinal tract diseases, liver disorders, musculoskeletal disorders, reproductive disorders, heat stroke, mastitis, dermatitis and the like.

Therefore, in order to raise livestock in a healthy manner and obtain more livestock products, there has been a strong demand for development of a technique for promoting digestion of livestock feed and fattening livestock.

[0012]

[Means for Solving the Problems] The inventors of the present invention isolated a large number of microorganisms from soil and searched for their properties. As a result, they found a novel microorganism belonging to Bacillus purmylus and capable of degrading aflatoxin. It was This microorganism inhibits fungal development, exhibits an excellent fungal development inhibitory effect, and by using this microorganism, fermentation is promoted and lignin is effectively decomposed.Furthermore, this microorganism is fed to livestock together with feed. Then, it was found that abnormal fermentation in the digestive tract of livestock is suppressed and the growth of livestock is promoted, and the present invention was completed.

That is, an object of the present invention is to provide a microorganism belonging to Bacillus purmulus and having aflatoxin degrading property. Another object of the present invention is to provide a fungal growth inhibitor containing the above microorganism as an active ingredient. Furthermore, another object of the present invention is to provide a fermentation accelerator containing the above-mentioned microorganism as an active ingredient. Still another object of the present invention is to provide a livestock fattening agent containing the above microorganism as an active ingredient.

The microorganism of the present invention belongs to Bacillus pumilus and is an aflatoxin degrading microorganism, and any microorganism corresponding to these may be used.

An example of the properties of these microorganisms is shown below.

An example of such a microorganism is Bacillus pulmyris DB9008 found by the present inventors, and its microbiological properties are as follows.

Form: A bacillus having a cell width of 0.6 to 0.7 μm. Spores are formed (elliptical shape, present in the central part), and no swelling of cells is observed. It forms R-type colonies and does not grow under anaerobic conditions.

Growth state in each medium: (1) DHL agar medium No growth. (2) MacConkey agar medium No growth. (3) Mannit salt medium No growth. (4) Normal agar medium No growth. (5) Heart infusion agar medium Good growth is shown. The colony is dull, has many wrinkles on the surface, and is R type. Also, the colonies are grayish. (6) Blood agar medium (10% sheep blood added) Shows good growth. The colony is dull, has many wrinkles on the surface, and is R type. Also, the colony is grayish white. Hemolysis is +. (7) PDA medium Shows good growth. The colony is dull, has many wrinkles on the surface, and is R type. Also, the colony is grayish white.

Biophysical properties: Gram reaction: ＋ Catalase: ＋ Cultural findings: R-type colony Anaerobic growth: -7% NaCl medium growth: ＋ Lysine dehydrogenation Reaction: + Arginine dehydrogenation reaction: + Urinary solution: − Egg yolk reaction: − Nitrate salt reduction source: + V P reaction: +

Carbohydrate degradation: glucose, arabinose, xylose, mannitol, galactose, rhamnose, glycerol, esculin, starch degradation-indole-oxidase +

Gelatin liquefaction: + (total liquefaction) Sodium chloride resistance: 10% or less Hydrogen sulfide production: -Use of citric acid: -Amylase: -Hemolysis: + Growth range: pH; 9 Temperature; 25-50 ° C

The present inventors determined that Bacillus purmylus DB9008 was a novel strain from the above properties, and
MICRO Lab. No. 12266 (FERM P-12266), Institute of Microbial Technology, Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Ministry of International Trade and Industry, dated May 21, 1991.
Deposited as.

In order to prepare a fungal growth inhibitor using the above-mentioned microorganism of the present invention, this microorganism is grown in a nutrient source such as a plant organic substance, defatted rice bran, or bran, particularly an aged plant organic substance. After that, it may be used as it is or in the state of a water suspension obtained by filtering this. In the case of a water suspension, the amount of microorganisms per ml is preferably 10 ⁴ or more.

[0024] Examples of the plant organic material used for propagation include those which are completely aged of the waste sawdust used for artificial shimeji cultivation. When such a plant organic material is used, Bacillus pulmyrus Changes from a vegetative type to a proliferative type, and its action improves as the number of bacteria increases.

When the fungal growth inhibitor of the present invention is applied to soil, it depends on whether it is to prevent diseases of agricultural products whose fungi are pathogens or to eliminate already existing pathogenic fungi. Can be sprayed at about 10 ⁹ per 1 m ² .

On the other hand, when the fungal growth inhibitor of the present invention is applied to compost or the like, it may be sprayed evenly on its surface or sufficiently mixed with these. By doing so, Bacillus pulmyris, which is an active ingredient, proliferates in compost and the like, and it becomes possible to suppress the growth of fungi. In this case, the amount of the fungal growth inhibitor to be used can be generally determined based on the disappearance of the odor from the compost or the like.

Further, in order to prepare a fermentation accelerator using the microorganism of the present invention, the microorganism of the present invention is carried on the above-mentioned plant organic substance, defatted rice bran, excipients such as bran, particularly aged plant organic substance. It is preferable to prepare. In this case, the amount of microorganisms per 1 g of the excipient is preferably 2 × 10 ⁵ or more.

The fermentation accelerator of the present invention contains a malodor source such as
It should be sprinkled evenly on the surface of livestock manure such as chicken manure, pig manure, cow manure, human manure, and garbage, or mixed sufficiently with these. By doing so, fermentation is promoted, so that a bad odor can be prevented. This deodorant effect is seen from the first day of application and lasts for 15 days or longer. For example, when the amount of livestock manure, which is a source of offensive odor, is constant and the excreted livestock manure does not accumulate from the top, a deodorizing effect can be expected by spraying evenly on the surface once every several months.

The fermentation in the aeration tank can be promoted by introducing the fermentation accelerator of the present invention into the aeration tank, which promotes the fermentation in the aeration tank.

The amount of the fermentation accelerator of the present invention used cannot be unconditionally determined because it varies depending on the type, amount, conditions, etc. of the malodor source.
Although it needs to be determined experimentally, generally, an appropriate amount of use can be determined based on the disappearance of the odor from the malodorous source.

Further, in order to prepare a livestock fattening agent using the microorganism of the present invention, the present invention is blended as an essential component and other components necessary for the growth of livestock are blended as optional components. Examples of such optional ingredients include:
Examples include defatted rice bran, plant organic substances, bran, calcium sources such as fossil shells, beer lees, various vitamins, nutrients and the like. The amount of microorganisms in 1 g of the livestock fattening agent is preferably 1 × 10 ⁵ or more.

Preferred examples of the livestock fattening agent of the present invention include:
An example is one in which defatted rice bran and fossil shells are mixed at an appropriate ratio, for example, about 4: 1 and then 1 × 10 ⁵ or more Bacillus pulmyris are added thereto. In such a livestock fattening agent, Bacillus pulmyrus changes from a vegetative type to a proliferative type, proliferates with an organic substance as a nutrient, and its action is improved as the number of bacteria increases.

The livestock fattening agent of the present invention may be added to livestock feed and fed to livestock. In some cases,
You may feed instead of feed. When administered together with feed, it is generally added in an amount of about 0.5 to 10%, preferably about 1 to 5% with respect to the feed.

The period of use of the livestock fattening agent of the present invention varies depending on the type of livestock to be administered, the growth period, the degree of fattening, etc., and therefore cannot be determined unconditionally, but it must be determined experimentally.

[0035]

Although the reason why the microorganism of the present invention is used for many purposes such as a fungal growth inhibitor, a fermentation accelerator, and a livestock fattening agent is not clear yet, it is a microorganism that exists in the environment and has a disadvantageous effect, for example, a disease source. It is considered to suppress the growth of microorganisms that produce growth inhibitory substances such as sex fungi, malodorous filamentous fungi, and aflatoxin, and promote normal fermentation of Bacillus microorganisms.

More specifically, the action of the fungal growth inhibitor is as follows.
It is considered that any of the reasons why the microorganisms belonging to Bacillus pulmyrus have a competitive growth activity with fungi, a bacteriolytic activity against fungi, the production of growth inhibitory substances or the like or that they act synergistically.

Further, the action of the fermentation accelerator inhibits the growth of filamentous fungus that breeds and produces a foul odor, which propagates in livestock manure, etc. possessed by microorganisms belonging to Bacillus purmulus, and instead proliferates in livestock manure. However, it is considered to be based on the property of decomposing this.

The above-mentioned action is completely unobtainable by other microorganisms including Bacillus microorganisms other than Bacillus licheniformis that the present inventors have found out at the same time. Regarding the aflatoxin degrading property, the above Bacillus licheniformis is stronger than the Bacillus purmyrus of the present invention.

[0039]

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The microorganism of the present invention can be utilized extremely advantageously in the field of agriculture in which microbial activity is involved.

For example, when the fungal growth inhibitor of the present invention is used, the growth of fungi, especially pathogenic filamentous fungi can be suppressed. Therefore, when applied to soil or plants, the disease of agricultural crops can be suppressed. It becomes possible to prevent. Further, by applying this fungal growth inhibitor to compost or the like, it is possible to inhibit the growth of pathogenic filamentous fungi in the compost and prevent the generation of malodor due to the growth of filamentous fungi.

Further, when the fermentation accelerator using the microorganism of the present invention is sprayed on livestock manure or the like, the fermentation is greatly accelerated,
Fermentation, which took half a year to one year, is completed in 1-2 months,
Moreover, during that time, a bad odor hardly occurs. On the other hand, when the fermentation accelerator of the present invention is used in the aeration tank, the sewage treatment time is halved compared with the conventional one, the generation of malodor is also reduced, and the BOD value and SS value after the treatment are also significantly larger than the conventional ones. Decrease. On the other hand, when the fermentation accelerator of the present invention is added to the sawdust used as a litter for livestock breeding (broilers, sawdust pigs, fattening calves), faecal treatment is simplified and no foul odor is generated and spread As a result of the continuous fermentation in the feed, the bedding is warm even in winter, and the occurrence of diseases such as diarrhea and pneumonia, which are conventionally caused by the cold stomach of livestock, is reduced.

Furthermore, when the livestock fattening agent using the microorganism of the present invention is administered to livestock, the state in the digestive tract of livestock can be kept normal, and absorption of nutrients from the digestive tract is promoted.
The weight of livestock can be steadily increased and, for example, the production of eggs can be increased, which is extremely advantageous in animal husbandry. As described above, the microorganism of the present invention is extremely advantageous in agricultural management.

[0043]

The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

Test Example 1 A slant medium of PDA agar is prepared, inoculated with the following fungi, and cultured at 25 to 28 ° C. for 7 to 10 days (most fungi form spores during this period). The spores thus formed are suspended in a physiological saline solution or a phosphate buffer solution to which a surfactant is added so that the spores will be 1 × 10 ⁶ cells / ml, to give a spore suspension. This spore suspension was prepared separately P
Spread 0.1 ml per plate on a DA agar medium plate (90 mm diameter petri dish) and spread evenly with a Conra stick to allow the medium to fully absorb. 10 ⁶ /
1 spot of Bacillus suspension prepared to about 25 μm
1) Inoculated and cultured at 25 to 28 ° C. for 5 to 10 days, and formation of an inhibition circle was observed. As a result, Bacillus plumilis DB-9008 inhibited the growth of all fungi.

[0045]

Example 1 Waste sawdust used for cultivation of fully matured artificial shimeji mushroom, 2 × 10 ⁵ pieces of Bacillus pulmyris DB-9008 (FERM P-12266) per 1 g of sawdust
Was added to prepare a fungal growth inhibitor (invention product 1).

Example 2 The product 1 of the present invention 1 of Example 1 was stored for 10 days at about 20 ° C., 100 g of the product was suspended in 1000 ml of water, thoroughly stirred, and then filtered. This filtrate was used as a liquid fungal inhibitor (invention product 2). In 1 ml of the product 2 of the present invention,
1 × 10 ⁴ Bacillus pulmyris DB-9008 was contained.

Example 3 12 kg of the product of the present invention was sprayed on a peach tree which had withered from a Monpa disease caused by a fungus, and after thoroughly mixing with soil,
Newly planted peach tree seedlings. Seven months after transplanting, the seedlings of this peach tree were well rooted and the growth of the tree was great. In addition, when a peach tree dies due to Monpa's disease, a large amount of pathogenic filamentous fungi exist in the soil, and the seedlings to be newly planted immediately die. It is said that it cannot be planted.

Example 4 At an apple farm where rot disease (filamentous fungal disease) frequently occurs,
The effect of the fungal growth inhibitor of the present invention was examined. After cutting off the branches affected by rot, the present invention product 2 is used in a ratio of 10 liters per tree to all apple trees.
Was sprayed. As a result, no tree was infected with rot after spraying. In addition, the vigor of the trees already infected with the rot disease has recovered.

Example 5 The effect of the fungal growth inhibitor of the present invention was examined in a greenhouse where gray mold disease had occurred. Cucumber strains for which the generation of gray mold can be visually judged are pulled out, and then the product 2 of the present invention is 800 m per 1 m ^{2 in the} entire greenhouse.
It was sprinkled so that it would be l. As a result, there was no Botrytis cinerea in this greenhouse and the yield was not affected. If this disease occurs, the yield of cucumber will usually be greatly reduced.

Example 6 Regarding the antifungal agent of the present invention, Aspergillus flavus having aflatoxin-producing ability
Using NRRL 2999, its growth inhibitory effect and toxin production inhibitory effect were examined by the following method.

Preparation of antibacterial agent: One platinum loop of Bacillus pulmyris DB 9008 was shake-cultured in 100 ml of Brain Heart Infusion for 24 hours, and diluted 10-fold with water (antifungal agent was used). 3).

Experimental Results: (1) Test in culture bottle Potato dextrose agar medium (PDA medium) was placed in a test culture bottle, and after solidifying, 1 g of corn flour and the test 10 ⁶ microorganisms were added.
Then, 1 drop (about 30 μl) of antifungal agent 3 was dropped into this, followed by culturing at about 30 ° C., and 4 days and 6 days after the start of culturing.
On the day, the growth of Aspergillus flavus and other fungi was examined. As a result, no growth of fungi including Aspergillus flavus was observed in the culture bottle to which the antifungal agent 3 had been dropped. On the other hand, antifungal agent 3
In the control in which was not added dropwise, Aspergillus flavus hyphal growth and conidia formation were observed, and further fungal growth was also observed.

(2) Test in petri dish On a PDA medium solidified in a petri dish, test feed of 0.
After placing 5 g and inoculating 10 ⁶ test microorganisms, 1 drop (about 25 μl) of antifungal agent 3 was dropped by a pipette. Then, this was cultured at about 30 ° C., and the growth status of Aspergillus flavus and other fungi was observed on the 4th and 6th days after the start of the culture. The results are shown below.

[0055] When the antifungal agent 3 was not added dropwise, hyphal growth and conidia formation of Aspergillus flavus were observed in all cases, and further fungal growth was also observed.

(3) Inhibition of aflatoxin production After the culture of (1) was continued for 17 days from the start of the test, this culture was extracted twice with 50 ml of chloroform,
After concentrating to 2 ml, it was subjected to thin layer chromatography to examine the presence or absence of aflatoxin production. As a result, production of aflatoxins B ₁ and G ₁ was observed in the control, whereas production thereof was not observed in the case of using the antifungal agent 3.

Example 7 A fermentation accelerator was prepared by adding 2 × 10 ⁵ Bacillus pulmyris DB-9008 per 1 g of sawdust to the waste sawdust used for the cultivation of artificial shimeji mushrooms that had been fully aged. Invention 4).

Example 8 On the surface of 100 g of chicken manure, 4, 3 g of the product of the present invention obtained in Example 7 was evenly sprayed. As a result, 30 to 45 times of livestock manure is said to take 6 months to 1 year to ferment conventionally.
Fermented completely in the day. In addition, the generation of offensive odor was extremely small as compared with the case where the product of the present invention was not sprayed. Similar effects were observed when pig dung or cow dung was used.

Example 9 150 kg of the product 4 of the present invention was put into 5 tons of the aeration tank of a pig farm (6000 head scale). One day after the injection, the offensive odor in the test aeration tank was considerably reduced. In addition, it was confirmed that the fermentation was carried out by generating bubbles that were not observed in the bacteria used in the past.

Example 10 All the contents of 400 liters of a pump-up type internal toilet were sucked out with a vacuum car, and then 1 kg of the product 4 of the present invention was evenly sprayed. Observation was carried out for one month immediately after spraying, but no odor was observed during that period.

Example 11 A household plastic waste (very bad odor) which has been stored for one week is put in a plastic bag for shopping, and 4 pieces of the product 4 of the present invention are put into this and put into it. The bad odor changed to a sweet and sour odor 3 days after the addition, and the raw vegetables were completely melted 1 week after the addition.

Example 12 100 g of the product 4 of the present invention was put into a 15-liter household garbage container (20% loading). 8 hours after the addition, the offensive odor disappeared, and there was no odor even when the amount was 60%.

Example 13 Out of 14 pig bunches of 13 pig farms (1500 head scale), 1 ton of sawdust plus 3% of the product 4 of the present invention was used as a litter for 2 pig bunches. Laid to thickness. The next day, the odor disappeared in the pig bun, and the litter did not dry, so it kept a proper amount of water and was not dusted. In addition, the sawdust was fermented and kept at an appropriate temperature, so that diarrhea of the swine coming from the cold did not occur. From the 3rd week of the test, the color of the pig manure changed, and even the just excreted pig manure did not smell (probably because the pig in the test pig bun ate the product 4 of the present invention in the litter). On the other hand, in the control area where only sawdust was used as the bedding, a foul odor was generated and dust was present. It should be noted that the litter of the test pig bunches after shipment from the pigs did not have an offensive odor, was rapidly fermented by being accumulated, and could be used again as litter after the fermentation was completed.

Example 14 In a mixture of 80% defatted rice bran and 20% fossil shell, 1 × 10 ⁵ Bacillus pulmyris DB-9008 (per 1 g)
FERM P-12266) was added to prepare a livestock fattening agent (invention product 5).

Example 15 The product of the present invention 5 was added so as to be 3% to the feed, and 1
The cows were fed for months. As a result, the milk yield of dairy cows increased by about 3% when any of the animal fattening agents was added, compared with the case where the animal fatting agents were not added. Furthermore, problems such as reproductive disorders did not occur, and the effect was also recognized for their prevention.

Example 16 The effect of the livestock fattening agent of the present invention on chickens was examined using 10 broiler chickens (Cobb species) in 1 group. First, the present invention product 5
A test section in which 3% was added to the feed and a test section containing only the feed (control section) were set, and the animals were raised for 3 weeks, and the average body weight was measured. As a result, the average body weight of the chickens in the test group administered with the livestock fattening agent of the present invention was 230 g heavier than that of the control group. In addition, in the results of autopsy, no abnormalities in the intestinal tract were observed in all the chickens in the test group, whereas petechiae and bleeding in the duodenum and jejunum were observed in all 10 chickens in the control group.

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Claims (17)

[Claims] 1. A microorganism belonging to Bacillus purmylus and having aflatoxin degrading property. 2. A fungal growth inhibitor which comprises, as an active ingredient, a microorganism belonging to Bacillus purmylus and having aflatoxin degrading property. 3. The fungal growth inhibitor according to claim 2, which suppresses the growth of pathogenic fungi derived from plants and animals. 4. The fungal growth inhibitor according to claim 2, which suppresses the growth of fungi having aflatoxin-producing ability. 5. The fungal growth inhibitor according to claim 4, which is applied to cereals or tree nuts. 6. The fungal growth inhibitor according to any one of claims 2 to 4, which further contains an aged vegetable organic substance as an active ingredient. 7. The fungal growth inhibitor according to any one of claims 2 to 4, which is in a liquid form. 8. A fermentation accelerator containing, as an active ingredient, a microorganism belonging to Bacillus purmylus and having aflatoxin degrading property. 9. A fermentation accelerator containing, as active ingredients, a microorganism belonging to Bacillus purmylus and having aflatoxin degrading property, and an aged plant organic substance. 10. The fermentation accelerator according to claim 8 or 9, which is applied to a malodor source for the purpose of deodorizing. 11. A livestock fattening agent which contains, as an active ingredient, a microorganism which belongs to Bacillus purmylus and has aflatoxin degrading property. 12. A method for controlling a crop disease caused by a pathogenic fungus, which comprises spraying a liquid fungal growth inhibitor which belongs to Bacillus purmylus and which contains an aflatoxin-degrading microorganism as an active ingredient to a crop. 13. A method for preventing livestock diseases caused by a pathogenic fungus, which comprises adding to the livestock feed a fungal growth inhibitor which belongs to Bacillus purmulus and which contains, as an active ingredient, a microorganism capable of degrading aflatoxin. 14. A method for preventing the production of aflatoxin in cereals or tree nuts, which comprises applying to the cereals or tree nuts a fungal growth inhibitor which belongs to Bacillus purmulus and which contains, as an active ingredient, a microorganism capable of degrading aflatoxin. 15. A method for promoting fermentation of an offensive odor source, which comprises applying a fermentation accelerator containing a microorganism belonging to Bacillus purmulus and having aflatoxin degrading property as an active ingredient to the offensive odor source. 16. The fermentation promoting method according to claim 15, wherein the malodor source is livestock dung, human dung, or garbage. 17. A method for fattening livestock, which comprises adding to the livestock feed a livestock fattening agent containing a microorganism belonging to Bacillus purmylus and having aflatoxin-degrading property as an active ingredient, and feeding the livestock to livestock.