JPH05194071A - System for producing fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain an excellent fertilizer provided only with the advantages of both a chemical fertilizer and an organic substance fertilizer, extremely mild for the roots of plants and free from pollution of rivers by making the chemical fertilizer chemically adsorbed on an organic waste to moderate the generation of the fertilizing effect and retard the dissolution time of the fertilizer in water, and further, on the production of the fertilizer, to enhance a heat exchange rate by a continuous drying treatment and on the application of the fertilizer, to enable the mechanical scattering of the fertilizer and save the labor by shaping the fertilizer into a pellet-like shape. CONSTITUTION:A mixture of an organic waste with a chemical fertilizer is aerobically fermented, and the produced organic fertilizer is brought into contact with hot air in the turbulent state with a baffle, while being stirred with stirring projections disposed in an oven 12 and controlled in the rotation. The dried fertilizer is shaped into a pellet-like shape with a pellet mill through a grinder, and subsequently cooled and solidified in a cooling machine.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a fertilizer manufacturing system for effectively utilizing organic waste, which is a type of industrial waste, and for producing a fertilizer having intermediate characteristics between organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer. is there.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, various organic wastes such as cattle, pigs and chickens, animal wastes such as beer dregs, cohesives, okara and sawdust, and plant wastes have been conventionally used as organic wastes. However, such organic waste is currently disposed of separately by each manufacturer, and it is not a fertilizer with a combined function as a soil conditioner. What is desired is a method of effectively treating

Further, as fertilizers used for turf such as fairways and tee grounds at golf courses, chemical fertilizers such as nitrogen fertilizers and phosphoric acid fertilizers are used. However, chemical fertilizers have a rapid effect. On the other hand, since it dissolves in water and easily flows and is lost, it results in excessive use, and as a result, nitrogen and phosphoric acid, etc. flow into the river adjacent to the golf course and contaminate it, and accumulate as sludge. Then, it had the drawback of causing pollution.

[0004]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, organic wastes and chemical fertilizers are chemically adsorbed to be organically adsorbed, the fertilization effect is slowed to be a root-friendly fertilizer, and the time to dissolve in water is delayed. , It is an excellent fertilizer that eliminates environmental pollution of rivers and has only the advantages of chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers. It also has a high heat exchange rate at the time of production and can be continuously dried with high efficiency. It is intended to provide a fertilizer production system capable of producing fertilizers which are manufactured into pellets at the time of fertilization so that they can be mechanically sprayed to save labor.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention chemically adsorbs an organic waste and a chemical fertilizer in view of the problems such as the individual disposal treatment of the organic waste based on the above-mentioned conventional technique and the cause of pollution by the chemical fertilizer. Providing a fertilizer manufacturing system that manufactures integrated and organically fertilizers through a consistent manufacturing process, has high added value as fertilizer, and effectively utilizes organic waste. It does not eliminate the drawbacks.

In the fertilizer production system of the present invention, the fertilizer is produced by fermenting to fertilize, drying and molding, and then cooling and solidifying.

For fertilization, a predetermined amount of chemical fertilizer is added to organic waste, and then aerobically fermented while mixing with stirring.

[0008] The above organic waste includes cattle, pigs,
There are animal wastes such as chicken manure, beer dregs, cohesives, okara, sawdust, zeolite, eggshells, shells, and plant wastes, and as chemical fertilizers (inorganic fertilizers),
There are nitrogen fertilizers, phosphate fertilizers, potassium fertilizers, etc., and at least one or more kinds of organic waste are appropriately mixed to form a main raw material, and at least one or more chemical fertilizers are added to the main raw material in an appropriate ratio.

In the drying process, the fertilizer is stirred by a stirring ridge provided in a furnace body whose rotation is controlled, and is brought into contact with hot air in a turbulent state by a baffle plate to perform the drying process.

Further, the dried fertilizer is shaped into pellets by a pellet mill through a crusher, and then put into a cooler to be cooled and solidified.

[0011]

In the present invention, as aerobic fermentation progresses,
The small nodules in the high water content are gradually dried, and in the latter half of the fermentation, the small nodules are also finely granulated, and the organic fermentation products produced by the fermentation of organic waste by the action of microorganisms and the chemical fertilizer are chemically adsorbed into an integrated body. The fertilizer in organic form is mixed with turbulent hot air in contact with the fertilizer in the agitated state, and the fertilizer is dried at a high heat exchange rate. The dried fertilizer is molded into pellets to facilitate handling during fertilization. Consistent continuous production of fertilizer.

[0012]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. 1 is a fertilizer manufacturing system according to the present invention, a fermenter 2 is provided at the starting point of the fertilizer manufacturing system 1, and the fermenter 2 The raw material is processed by fermentation.

This fermenter 2 has a roof 3 surrounded by a material such as glass and plastic having a daylighting property, in a building 4 having a greenhouse effect, and from the raw material carry-in port 5 of the building 4 to a fertilizer discharge port 6 concrete. An agitating mixer 9 which is provided with side walls 7 and 7a formed by manufacturing, forms a horizontal tank main body 8 having an upward opening, and is movable between a raw material carry-in port 5 and a fertilizer discharge port 6 of the tank main body 8. Is provided.

The stirring and mixing machine 9 may employ an appropriate mechanism such as a screw type or a scooping type for stirring and mixing the raw material W to be deposited in the tank body 8.

Further, from the bottom of the tank body 8 is provided a ventilation mechanism 10 capable of ventilating air to promote aerobic fermentation.

Reference numeral 11 denotes a drying treatment device for drying the fertilizer fermented by the fermentation tank 2. The drying treatment device 11 has a cylindrical furnace body 12 rotatably installed in the horizontal direction. A fertilizer inlet 13 is provided on one end side, and a dry fertilizer outlet 14 is provided on the other end side.

In the present embodiment, the furnace body 12 is slightly inclined so that the other end side of the furnace body 12 is appropriately downward.

Reference numerals 15 and 15a are stirring ridges provided in the furnace body 12, and the stirring ridges 15 and 15a are arranged at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction on the inner wall 16 of the furnace body 12. A large number of lines are provided in the axial direction of the furnace body 12.

Numerals 17, 17a are arcuate baffle plates provided in the furnace body 12, and the baffle plates 17, 17a are arranged in the inner wall 16 of the furnace body 12 at predetermined intervals in the axial direction. The arc side of the baffles 17, 17a is fixed to the inner wall 16 so that the furnace body 12 is displaced in the circumferential direction by a predetermined angle in sequence as it moves in the axial direction, and the baffles 17, 17a. A polygonal hot air passage L is formed in the axial direction in the furnace body 12 on the chord side.

Reference numeral 18 denotes an opening / closing door provided at the dry fertilizer outlet 14. The opening / closing door 18 is provided with guide members 19, 19a provided above and below the dry fertilizer outlet 14, and a door body 20 is slidably provided.
A drive source 21 such as a cylinder is connected to the drive source 20, and the door body 20 is slid by the drive source 21 to open and close the dry fertilizer outlet 14
The degree of opening and closing is adjusted and controlled.

Further, the dry fertilizer outlet 14 is provided with a conveyor 22 for transporting the dried fertilizer discharged from the dry fertilizer outlet 14 to another.

It is also possible to provide an appropriate discharge amount measuring device 23 for measuring the discharge amount of the dried fertilizer discharged to the outside according to the opening / closing degree of the dry fertilizer outlet 14.

Reference numeral 24 is a raw material charging hopper, and the raw material charging hopper 24 is connected to the fertilizer charging port 13 of the furnace body 12 and
A transfer screw 26 that is operated by a drive source 25 such as a motor, which is a means for charging fertilizer into the furnace body 12 through the fertilizer charging port 13, is provided.
The fertilizer is introduced into the furnace body 12 via the.

A shutter 27a which can be opened and closed is provided on the entrance side of the shooter 27, and the shutter 27a is closed by hot air sent by a hot air supply device 29, which will be described later. It is opened by fertilizer that is sent through.

It is also possible to provide an input amount measuring device 28 for measuring the input amount into the furnace body 12 from the fertilizer input port 13 at a position related to the fertilizer input port 13.

29 is a hot air supply device,
Reference numeral 29 is connected to a hot air inlet 30 provided on the other end side of the furnace body 12 and supplies hot air to the polygonal hot air passage L formed by the baffles 17, 17a.

Further, the hot air supply device 29 is provided with a high temperature sensor 31 on the other end side of the furnace body 12 and a low temperature sensor 32 on one end side thereof. At the inlet 13 side, the hot air supply amount is controlled so that it is higher than the outside air temperature and lower than the boiling point of water.

In this embodiment, the temperature on the fertilizer inlet 13 side is controlled at about 70 ° C.

Reference numeral 33 is a dust collector, and the dust collector 33 is a furnace body.
An exhaust duct 34 is provided on one end side of 12, and the exhaust duct 34 is connected to an intermediate portion of a dust collection treatment tower 35 provided outside to communicate the inside of the furnace body 12 and the inside of the dust collection treatment tower 35.

Further, the inner wall 36 of the dust collection treatment tower 35 is sprayed or showered with water at an appropriate upper portion in the dust collection treatment tower 35.
A diffusion nozzle 37 for ejecting toward the side is provided, and on the other hand, a discharge conveyor 38 is continuously provided so as to adhere to the inner wall 36 at an appropriately lower portion of the dust collection processing tower 35 and receive the flowing slurry-like waste. ing.

A crusher 39 which will be described later from the discharge conveyor 22
In the process of transporting the dried fertilizer to, if necessary, a predetermined amount of minerals such as calcium, potassium, iron, manganese, cobalt and iodine may be added, or a microorganism (fermentation bacterium) or Mitsubishi Corporation A certain amount of Humus Active Plant Source (trademark) may be added if necessary.

The crusher 39 is made up of an appropriate mechanism such as a ball mill or a rod mill for crushing dried fertilizer, the inlet side of the crusher 39 is connected to the discharge conveyor 22, and the outlet side is generated during crushing. A dust collector 40 for removing dust is connected to a crushed fertilizer hopper 41 for storing crushed fertilizer.

In addition, in the process of transporting the crushed fertilizer from the crusher 39 to the crushed fertilizer hopper 41, water is added if necessary and soil bacteria (aerobic effective bacteria) are added.

Reference numeral 42 is a pellet mill for granulating the pulverized fertilizer supplied from the pulverized fertilizer hopper 41 into pellets. The outlet side of the pulverized fertilizer hopper 41 is connected to the downstream side of the screw feeder 43 of the pellet mill 42. In addition, the dust generated in the cooler 44 described later is supplied to the upstream side of the screw feeder 43 through an appropriate conveying means, and further, the sorting machine 45 described below pellets the solid fertilizer in a nonstandard product into a pellet mill 42. It is supplied to the middle stream side of the screw feeder 43 of FIG.

The crushed fertilizer hopper 41 is used for pellet milling.
In the process of supplying the crushed fertilizer to the screw feeder 43 of 42, when a predetermined amount of wood vinegar is added and fertilized, the generation of earthworms, chafers and the like is prevented in advance.

The screw feeder of the pellet mill 42
43 is provided with an appropriate sensor (not shown) to measure the amount of dust from the recycled cooler 44 that is charged prior to the screw feeder 43 and the amount of nonstandard products from the sorter 45, The overload of the pellet mill 42 is prevented by controlling the supply amount of the pulverized fertilizer supplied from the pulverized fertilizer hopper 41 with respect to the processing capacity of the pellet mill 42.

If necessary, soil bacteria (aerobic effective bacteria) may be added to the water to be added when granulating with the pellet mill 42.

The pellet mill 42 has a large number of forming holes on the outer circumference of the cylinder, and the material is extruded from the forming holes by a roll that rotates while rotating along the inner wall of the cylinder (not shown). Any material may be used as long as it has a proper mechanism, such as a material (not shown) in which the material packed in the above is pushed out from a molding hole by a plunger.

The cooler 44 is designed to bring the solid fertilizer into contact with a cooling medium such as air to cool it to a predetermined temperature. The inlet side of the cooler 44 is connected to the outlet side of the pellet mill 42, and during cooling treatment. The dust generated is collected, and the dust is supplied to the upstream side of the screw feeder 43 of the pellet mill 42.

Further, the sorting machine 45 is made of a vibrating screen or the like for sorting the solid fertilizer formed by the pellet mill 42 into standard products and nonstandard products, and emits far infrared rays above the screening screen 46. In addition to providing the heater 47, the nonstandard product is appropriately supplied to the midstream side of the screw feeder 43 of the pellet mill 42 through the conveying means.

The standard solid fertilizer screened by the sorting machine 45 is selectively separated and supplied to a small bag packing machine 48 of 10 kg and a large bag packing machine 49 of 20 kg, and then through a robot palletizer 50. A predetermined amount is placed on a pallet (not shown).

Next, each step of the manufacturing method by the fertilizer manufacturing system according to the present invention will be described. First, the organic waste and a raw material to which a predetermined amount of chemical fertilizer is added are introduced from the raw material inlet 5 of the tank body 8 in the building 4. While being piled up, the piled up raw material W is repeatedly stirred and mixed by the stirrer / mixer 9 up to the fertilizer discharge port 6 which is the terminal side of the tank body 8,
A proper amount of air is supplied from the aeration mechanism 10, water containing humic substances (soil fungi) is added, and fermented by aerobic bacteria (active bacteria) which are microorganisms for a predetermined period to form fertilizer.

As the organic waste, cattle, pigs,
There are animal wastes such as chicken manure, beer dregs, cohesives, okara, sawdust, zeolite, eggshells, shells, and plant wastes, and as chemical fertilizers (inorganic fertilizers),
There are nitrogen fertilizers, phosphate fertilizers, potash fertilizers, etc., and at least one or more kinds of organic waste are appropriately mixed to form a main raw material, and at least one or more chemical fertilizers are added to the main raw material at an appropriate ratio to obtain a raw material for deposition. It's W.

As the fertilizer which has been agitated and mixed as described above and the predetermined fermentation treatment is completed, as the aerobic fermentation progresses in the tank body 8, the small nodules in the high water content portion are gradually dried, and in the latter half of the fermentation, the small agglomerates are gradually dried. The nodule is also finely granulated, and the organic waste is fermented by the action of microorganisms, and the finely granulated organic fermentation product and the chemical fertilizer are chemically adsorbed to be integrally organized.

Then, the above-mentioned organized fertilizer is carried into the drying treatment device 11 through a conveying means and dried.

That is, while the hot air heated to a predetermined temperature by the hot air supply device 29 is fed from the hot air inlet 30 of the furnace body 12 and the furnace body 12 is rotated at a predetermined rotation speed, When the organic fertilizer is fed into the feeding hopper 24, the fertilizer is continuously or intermittently fed through the shooter 27 from the fertilizer feeding port 13 of the furnace body 12 by the transfer screw 26 operated by the driving source 25. Put into the body 12.

Since impurities (for example, metals, stones, etc.) are present in the fertilizer, these impurities are removed and separated by a separator.

Then, the fed fertilizer is dried by hot air in the process of sequentially moving to the dry fertilizer take-out port 4 side, and then sequentially conveyed from the dry fertilizer take-out port 14 to the crusher 39 by the conveyer conveyor 22. To be done.

In addition, in the above-mentioned drying process, since the furnace body 12 is rotating, the charged raw materials are agitated with the stirring ridges 15,
In the process of moving to the dried fertilizer outlet 14 while being scraped up by the 15a, dropped at a predetermined position and stirred, the hot air passing through the hot air passage L is contacted to sequentially remove water, and Since the baffle plates 17, 17a ... Are provided so as to be displaced, the hot air does not simply linearly pass through the hot air passage L but collides with each baffle plate 17, 17a. While being in the state, hot air moves to the exhaust duct 34 and is dried at a high heat exchange rate.

Further, the respective temperatures detected by the high temperature sensor 31 and the low temperature sensor 32 are always hot air supply device 29.
Input to a control device (not shown) installed inside the furnace body 12
Regardless of the amount of raw material inside, the dry fertilizer outlet 14 side always achieves a temperature of approximately 200 ° C or higher, and the fertilizer inlet 13 side approximately 70 ° C.
The temperature is controlled so that it becomes about ℃.

Therefore, the dried fertilizer discharged from the dried fertilizer outlet 14 is discharged in a state where seeds, pathogenic bacteria and the like are sterilized.

Further, in order to simplify the temperature control of the furnace body 2, it is possible to make constant the amount input from the fertilizer inlet 13 and the amount discharged from the dry fertilizer outlet 14, that is, the method is dry. The rotation amount of the drive source 25 is controlled so that the amount corresponds to the amount of discharge determined according to the opening degree of the fertilizer outlet 14, and the amount of charge input by the transfer screw 26 is made constant, or As another method, the amount discharged from the dried fertilizer outlet 14 is constantly measured by the discharge amount measuring device 23, and the measured value is controlled to be a predetermined reference value.

Next, for the dust collector 33, the exhaust duct 34
The hot air discharged from the waste contains wastes that have become dust during the drying process, and here, the water is sprayed (or showered) by the diffusion nozzle 37 to the inner wall 36 side of the dust collection tower 35 or below. As a result, the dust that has come into contact with the water adheres to the inner wall 36, the adhered dust forms a slurry and flows downward, and is discharged to the outside by the discharge conveyor 38. The result is that only clean air is expelled.

The discharge conveyor 38 can also take out the overflow of the fertilizer input in the drying processing device 11.

Next, the dried fertilizer is put into the crusher 39, made into a powder form and supplied to the crushed fertilizer hopper 41 with the aim of homogenizing the raw materials. If necessary, add a predetermined amount of wood vinegar, adjust the water content of the powdered fertilizer put into the pellet mill 42 with water or steam, and mold it into pellets of about several millimeters to obtain solid fertilizer. To do.

The raw materials to be supplied to the pellet mill 42 are, in addition to the dried fertilizer, the fertilizer formed into dust generated in the cooling process and the solid fertilizer of the nonstandard product selected by the selector 45. By preferentially supplying the fertilizer, the loss of fertilizer in the production line 1 can be remarkably reduced.
It is also possible to stop the device for supplying to 41, for example, the drying treatment device 11 and the crusher 39.

Next, the solid fertilizer formed by the pellet mill 42 is immediately put into the cooler 44, and in the process of passing through the cooler 44, it is brought into contact with a cooling medium such as air to be cooled and solidified to a predetermined temperature. , The shape of pelletized solid fertilizer is being stabilized.

After that, the solid fertilizer is sorted by a screening machine 45 and a screening screen 46.
It is placed on top of it and vibrated to sort it.
The standard solid fertilizer screened by
10 kg, and about 20 kg by the large bag packer 49, and then a predetermined amount is placed on the pallet via the robot palletizer 50.

In the sieving process, far infrared rays are radiated from the heater 47 to be appropriately dried, so that the deposits that adhere to the mesh of the sieve net 46 and are closed are eliminated, and the malfunction at the time of selection is prevented. , Increasing the ionization tendency of solid fertilizer.

[0060]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION In summary, the present invention adds a predetermined amount of chemical fertilizer to organic waste, and then fermented it by aerobically fermenting while stirring and mixing, so as the aerobic fermentation proceeds, The small nodules also gradually dry, and in the latter half of fermentation, the small nodules are also atomized, and the organic fermentation products that are atomized by this and the atomized chemical fertilizer are chemically adsorbed and integrated. It is possible to produce organic fertilizer.

When this fertilizer is applied to the soil, the organic fermentation products chemically adsorbed by the microorganisms in the soil are mineralized, and the fertilizer components can be gradually released into the soil. Since the fertilizing effect is slower than fertilizer, it becomes a fertilizer that is extremely gentle to the roots of plants, and since the chemical fertilizer and the organic fermentation product are chemically adsorbed, the chemically adsorbed organic fermentation product is The time required for the chemical fertilizer to dissolve in water can be delayed until it is mineralized, and the cause of pollution such as environmental pollution of rivers can be eliminated in advance compared with the case of using only chemical fertilizer. It is possible to produce an excellent fertilizer having only the advantages of organic fertilizer.

Next, the baffle plate is provided while stirring the fertilizer by the stirring ridges 15, 15a ...
The fertilizer introduced by the rotating furnace body 12 was scraped up and dropped by the stirring ridges 15, 15a, because it was dried by being brought into contact with the hot air in a turbulent state by 17, 17a. However, the baffles 17, 17a ... Can be contacted with hot air in a turbulent agitated state to sequentially remove water and perform drying treatment.
By colliding with a ... and forming a stirring turbulent state inside, it is possible to increase the heat exchange rate and perform continuous drying processing with high efficiency.

Further, by setting the temperature of the hot air sent from the hot air supply device 29 to about 200 ° C. or more on the dry fertilizer outlet 14 side, the dried fertilizer discharged from the dry fertilizer outlet 14 can be seeds, pathogenic bacteria, etc. Can be discharged in a sterilized state, and thus weeds can be prevented from occurring after fertilization.

Next, this dried fertilizer was shaped into pellets by the pellet mill 42 through the crusher 39, and then put into the cooler 44 to be cooled and solidified. By doing so, it is possible to save labor, and by adding soil fungi (aerobic effective bacteria) to the dried fertilizer, it works as a live fungus on fairways, tea grounds, etc. to promote the decomposition of thatch. , The lawn can be grown soundly, and its practical effect is enormous.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a flow sheet diagram of a fertilizer manufacturing system according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic front view of a building having a fertilizer fermenter.

FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of the fermentation tank of the building.

FIG. 4 is a side view in which a part of the drying processing device is cut away.

FIG. 5 is an enlarged view showing a part of the drying processing apparatus.

FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view showing a disposition state of baffle plates provided in the furnace of the drying processing apparatus.

7 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 4 taken along the line AA.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 4 taken along the line BB.

FIG. 9 is a schematic side view of a sorter.

[Explanation of symbols] 12 Furnaces 15, 15a… Stirring ridges 17, 17a… Baffle plate 39 Crusher 42 Pellet mill

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A predetermined amount of a chemical fertilizer is added to organic waste, which is then agitated and mixed to be fermented by aerobic fermentation, and then the fertilizer is agitated by a stirrer bar provided in a furnace body whose rotation is controlled. While making it contact with hot air that has become turbulent due to the baffle plate, it is dried, then this dried fertilizer is molded into pellets by a pellet mill through a crusher, and then put into a cooler. A fertilizer manufacturing system characterized by being cooled and solidified.