JP2012071994A - Method for promoting phosphate absorption by crop using sludge-fermented fertilizer and method for producing material for promoting phosphate absorption - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method and a material that are capable of promoting phosphate absorption by crops.SOLUTION: The method comprises combined use of a compound fertilizer containing phosphoric acid and, an amount, 5-30 times the amount of the phosphoric acid component, of a sludge-fermented fertilizer using at least night soil sludge as a raw material fertilizer. The material for promoting phosphate absorption by crops is obtained by mixing 10-50 wt.% sludge-fermented fertilizer as dry matter into the compound fertilizer containing phosphoric acid and granulating and drying the same at <60°C.

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for promoting phosphate absorption of crops and a method for producing a material for promoting phosphate absorption using a fertilizer for fermenting sludge.

  Phosphoric acid in chemical fertilizer applied to the soil combines with the aluminum, iron, calcium, magnesium, etc. in the soil, making it difficult for crops to absorb and use. This immobilization of phosphoric acid in soil is also a problem in terms of utilization efficiency by crops and the environment of excessive phosphate. In recent years, phosphate ore, which is the main raw material for phosphate fertilizer and is limited as a natural resource, has soared along with an increase in demand due to economic development and the like, which has also increased the price of chemical fertilizer. From such a background, a technique for efficiently using phosphoric acid in chemical fertilizer, which is most important as a production material for crops, to crops has been strongly desired. Patent Document 1 describes a method for absorbing phosphoric acid using microorganisms as one of the solutions. Non-Patent Document 1 describes the effect of suppressing the dispensation of phosphoric acid from cow manure compost and chicken manure compost. However, the effect of promoting phosphate absorption into these crops remains less than 50% relative to the control.

JP-A-9-227320

Journal of Japanese Society of Soil Fertilizer, Vol. 81, No. 4, pp. 367-371

  Therefore, this invention makes it a subject to provide the method and material which make a crop absorb a phosphoric acid in a chemical fertilizer remarkably efficiently.

  As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have applied the chemical fertilizer and the sludge fertilizer at the same time, and furthermore, the sludge fertilizer in the chemical fertilizer containing phosphoric acid as a dry matter. By providing a composition that is mixed 10-50% by weight, preferably 20-40% by weight, granulated and dried at a temperature below 60 ° C., the absorption of phosphoric acid into the crop is increased 110-175 relative to the control. %, The effect of the prior art (50% or less compared to the control) can be dramatically improved, and the present invention has been completed.

That is, the present invention includes the following inventions.
(1) A method for promoting the absorption of phosphate in a crop, wherein a chemical fertilizer containing phosphoric acid and a sludge fertilizer using at least human waste sludge fertilizer as a raw material fertilizer are simultaneously applied.
(2) The method according to (1), wherein the amount of the sludge fermentation fertilizer is 5 to 30 times the phosphoric acid component of the chemical fertilizer containing phosphoric acid.
(3) Phosphate absorption promoting material for crops, wherein 10-50% by weight of sludge fermentation fertilizer is mixed with dry matter in chemical fertilizer containing phosphoric acid.
(4) A method for producing a phosphate absorption-promoting material for crops, wherein 10-50% by weight of sludge fermentation fertilizer is mixed with dry chemical in chemical fertilizer containing phosphoric acid, and granulated and dried at a temperature of less than 60 ° C.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the method and material which can accelerate | stimulate absorption of a phosphoric acid efficiently in a crop during the cultivation period of a crop are provided. Further, the method of the present invention in which the chemical fertilizer and the sludge fermentation fertilizer are applied at the same time allows the applied phosphoric acid to be absorbed into the crop dramatically and efficiently by coexisting the sludge fermentation fertilizer in the chemical fertilizer. It is a method and material that not only contributes to the reduction of the phosphoric acid component remaining therein, but also does not affect the environment.

  In this specification, “sludge fermentation fertilizer” means (1) sewage sludge fertilizer, human waste sludge fertilizer, industrial sludge fertilizer or mixed sludge fertilizer that has been piled up or stirred and saturated, (2) sludge listed in (1) A fermented fertilizer mixed with plant material or a raw material of moving substances or a burned sludge fertilizer is piled or stirred and ripened. The raw material fertilizer of the sludge fermentation fertilizer in the present invention particularly includes human waste sludge fertilizer.

  The “sewage sludge fertilizer” means (1) concentrated, digested, dehydrated or dried sludge generated from the sewage terminal treatment plant, and (2) the raw material of plant matter or moving substances in the sewage sludge fertilizer listed in (1) Or a mixture of the sewage sludge fertilizer listed in (3) (1) or (2) or a mixture of these.

  In addition, “human waste sludge fertilizer” means (1) concentrated, digested, dehydrated or dried sludge generated from human waste treatment facilities, village wastewater treatment facilities or septic tanks, or (2) coagulated in human waste Mixing materials that promote or prevent foul odors, dehydrated or dried, (3) (1) or (2) urine sludge fertilizer mixed with plant material or animal material, or dried (4) (1), (2) or (3) refers to a mixture of human waste sludge fertilizer or a dried one. However, the human waste sludge fertilizer in the present invention may contain animal excrement to such an extent that the effects of the present invention are not impaired, but the odor problem in the fermentation process and the environment due to antibiotics used in large amounts in livestock feed It is better not to include it in terms of hormone problems.

  “Industrial sludge fertilizer” means (1) concentrated, digested, dehydrated or dried sludge generated from a wastewater treatment facility at a factory or business site, (2) plant sludge fertilizer or industrial sludge fertilizer listed in (1) This refers to a mixture of animal raw materials or a dried product thereof, (3) a mixture of industrial sludge fertilizer listed in (1) or (2), or a dried product thereof.

  “Mixed sludge fertilizer” means (1) Sewage sludge fertilizer, human sludge fertilizer or industrial sludge fertilizer mixed or dried, (2) Mixed sludge fertilizer listed in (1) The thing which mixed the raw material of vegetable matter or a moving substance, or dried this, the thing which mixed the mixed sludge fertilizer listed in (3) (1) or (2), or the thing which dried this.

  The term “baked sludge fertilizer” refers to a product obtained by firing sewage sludge fertilizer, human waste sludge fertilizer, industrial sludge fertilizer, or mixed sludge fertilizer.

  Usually, the sludge fertilizer is obtained by mixing each raw material, putting it into a fermented knead that can be aerated from the bottom, and depositing and fermenting it for 40 to 60 days while switching every week.

  In the method of promoting phosphate absorption to the crop of the present invention, it is obtained by the above-mentioned method of 5 to 30 times, preferably 10 to 20 times by weight, with respect to the chemical fertilizer containing phosphoric acid and the amount of the phosphate component. By simultaneously applying the produced sludge fertilizer, the phosphoric acid in the chemical fertilizer can be absorbed into the crop dramatically and efficiently. When the amount of sludge fertilizer applied simultaneously with the chemical fertilizer is less than 5 times the amount of phosphate component, the phosphate absorption promotion effect is low, and when it exceeds 30 times, the phosphate absorption promotion effect is saturated. Become.

  Furthermore, in the phosphoric acid absorption promoting material of the present invention, 10-50% by weight, preferably 20-40% by weight, of sludge fermented fertilizer is mixed with dry chemical in the chemical fertilizer containing phosphoric acid, and is produced at a temperature of less than 60 ° C. By making the grains and drying, the phosphoric acid in this material can be absorbed into the crop dramatically and efficiently. The amount of fertilizer fertilizer added to the chemical fertilizer containing phosphoric acid is less effective in promoting phosphate absorption if it is less than 10% by weight in dry matter, and the amount of each component of fertilizer in the material if it exceeds 50% by weight in dry matter Becomes too low and the fertilizer effect as a chemical fertilizer cannot be maintained.

  The shape of the material of the present invention is not particularly limited to powder, sphere, pellet and tablet, but from the point of mechanical application, spherical, pellet and tablet are desirable, and temperature conditions and drying efficiency related to the product From the standpoint of productivity, the pellet form of the extrusion type / non-heat drying type is most preferable.

Examples of the fertilizer component of the chemical fertilizer of the present invention include the following fertilizer raw materials.
Nitrogen sources include urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, humic acid ammonia, IB nitrogen (isobutyraldehyde condensed urea fertilizer), CDU nitrogen (acetaldehyde condensed urea fertilizer), form nitrogen (formaldehyde processed urea fertilizer), oxamide, lime nitrogen, Nitrogen fertilizer based on the fertilizer control method including guanyl urea, glycol urea, methylol urea polymerization fertilizer and the like can be mentioned.

  Phosphoric acid sources include superphosphate lime, heavy superphosphate lime, phosphoric acid clay, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, heavy calcined phosphorus, calcined heavy calcined phosphorus, humic acid phosphorous fertilizer, Examples include phosphate fertilizers based on the fertilizer control method, including fertilizer and calcined phosphorus manure.

  Examples of potassium sources include potassium fertilizers based on the fertilizer control law, including potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, nitrate potassium, and humic acid potassium.

  In addition, calcareous fertilizers, siliceous fertilizers, clay soil fertilizers, manganese fertilizers, boron fertilizers, trace element compound fertilizers, etc. can be freely selected and used.

  Further, peat moss, humic acid material, bentonite, zeolite, vermiculite, perlite, pulverized coal incineration ash, gypsum and the like may be added.

  If the ratio of these fertilizer components is within the range of the sludge fertilizer used in the present invention, it can be used by appropriately varying depending on the target component content.

  Next, the manufacturing method of the phosphoric acid absorption promotion material of this invention is demonstrated. Nitrogen raw material, phosphoric acid raw material, potassium raw material and sludge fertilizer fertilizer, water, and other fertilizer raw materials and additives as necessary are mixed and then put into an extrusion granulator for granulation and extrusion Drying while cooling the exothermic heat at room temperature to room temperature, the product moisture is 20% or less.

  Other granulation methods include, for example, rolling granulation such as a bread granulator or drum granulator, pressure granulation, etc., and the obtained granulated product is efficiently obtained at less than 60 ° C. Production by extrusion granulation is most suitable for drying.

  You may use a coupling | bonding promoter as needed in the case of granulation. Examples of the binding promoter include CMC (carboxymethylcellulose), lignin sulfonic acid, sodium polyphosphate, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, attapulgite, starch, gum arabic, and sugar tight.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples, but the present invention is not limited to these Examples.

1-1. Manufacture of sludge fertilizer (production of Example 1)
Mixing 54 parts by weight of human waste sludge, 17 parts by weight of food industry sludge, 8 parts by weight of coffee lees, 6 parts by weight of calcined sludge, 5 parts by weight of zeolite, and 10 parts by weight of recycled products, 45 days of sedimentation fermentation while switching every week And the sludge fertilizer was obtained.

1-2. Production of sludge fertilizer (production of Example 2)
Mixing 41 parts by weight of human waste sludge, 24 parts by weight of coffee slag, 17 parts by weight of food industry sludge, 7 parts by weight of sewage sludge, 1 part by weight of industrial sludge, 5 parts by weight of rice bran, 3 parts by weight of lime perphosphate and 2 parts by weight of sulfur powder Then, sedimentation fermentation was performed for 60 days while switching every week to obtain a fertilizer for fermenting sludge.

1-3. Phosphate absorption promotion test by crop cultivation (1)
A 1/100 Neubauer pot filled with 450g red jade soil, chemical fertilizer (nitrogen 8%-phosphoric acid 8%-potassium 8%) 20kg phosphoric acid / 10a equivalent amount applied in the first comparative example, the same amount of chemical conversion A fertilizer (nitrogen 8%-phosphoric acid 8%-potassium 8%) was applied to the sludge fermentation fertilizer equivalent to 400 kg / 10a of Example 1 at the same time in Example 3, and the same amount of chemical fertilizer (nitrogen 8%-phosphoric acid 8 % -Kari 8%) in Example 4, which applied the amount equivalent to 400 kg / 10a of the sludge fertilizer of Example 2; in the case where the amount equivalent to 400 kg / 10a of the sludge fertilizer in Example 1 was applied; Three komatsuna were cultivated in the area where the fertilizer fertilizer equivalent to 400 kg / 10a was applied and the non-fertilizer area, and the amount of phosphoric acid absorbed by the komatsuna was measured.
Table 1 shows the results of the three works.

  As the result shown in Table 1, the amount of phosphoric acid absorbed by subtracting Example 1 from Example 3 and the amount of phosphoric acid absorbed by subtracting Example 2 from Example 4 were obtained from Comparative Example 1 When the value obtained by dividing the amount of phosphate absorbed by subtracting the non-fertilizer section is compared with the value obtained by dividing the amount of phosphate absorbed by subtracting the non-fertilizer section from the comparative example 1 section, the chemical composition containing phosphoric acid In the application method of the present invention in which the fertilizer and the sludge fertilizer are applied simultaneously, the increase is 150 to 175% compared to the chemical fertilizer alone application containing phosphoric acid, and the effect of the conventional technique (the increase relative to the control is 50% or less) The absorption promotion effect of phosphoric acid was remarkably higher than that.

2-1. Production of phosphoric acid absorption promoting material (production of Example 5)
After thoroughly mixing 295 parts by weight of ammonium sulfate, 70 parts by weight of diammonium phosphate, 84 parts by weight of lime perphosphate, 113 parts by weight of chlorinated chloride, 439 parts by weight of the sludge fertilizer obtained in Example 1, and 30 parts by weight of water, extrusion type Granulation was performed with a granulator, and the resulting granulated product was dried and cooled to room temperature.

2-2. 333 parts by weight of ammonium sulfate manufactured in Comparative Example 2, 24 parts by weight of diammonium phosphate, 207 parts by weight of lime perphosphate, 113 parts by weight of potassium chloride, 439 parts by weight of fermented sludge fertilizer obtained in Example 1, and 35 parts by weight of water After mixing, the mixture was granulated with an extrusion granulator, and the resulting granulated product was dried with a shelf dryer at 105 ° C. for 4 hours and then cooled to room temperature.

2-3. 423 parts by weight of manufactured ammonium sulfate of Comparative Example 3, 240 parts by weight of molten fertilizer, 118 parts by weight of superphosphate, 113 parts by weight of chlorinated chloride, 121 parts by weight of fly ash are placed in a bread granulator and mixed well, and water is added. It granulated, supplying suitably. The obtained granulated material was placed in a shelf dryer at 105 ° C. for 4 hours, and then cooled to room temperature.

2-4. Phosphate absorption promotion test by crop cultivation (2)
An a / 5000 Wagner pot packed with 2.5 kg of black soil was applied with an equivalent amount of 15 kg phosphoric acid / 10a of the phosphoric acid absorption promoting material of Example 5 (nitrogen 8% -phosphoric acid 6% -kari 6%). Ward, the same amount of material of Comparative Example 2 (nitrogen 8%-phosphoric acid 6%-potassium 6%), the same amount of chemical fertilizer of Comparative Example 3 (nitrogen 8%-phosphoric acid 6%-potassium 6) %) Was cultivated in three crops in non-fertilizer plots and the amount of phosphoric acid absorbed by Komatsuna was measured.
Table 2 shows the results of the three works.

  As a result shown in Table 2, the value obtained by dividing the amount of phosphate absorbed by subtracting the non-fertilizer zone from the comparative example 3 zone where the chemical fertilizer containing phosphoric acid to which no sludge fertilizer was added was applied was divided by the amount. Comparison of the amount of phosphate absorbed by subtracting the non-fertilizer zone from the comparative example 2 where 33% by weight of sludge fermentation fertilizer was mixed with dry chemical in the chemical fertilizer containing phosphoric acid and the material dried at 105 ° C was applied. When the value divided by the phosphate absorption amount obtained by subtracting the non-fertilizer zone from the Example 3 zone is compared, the increment is 16%. On the other hand, from Example 5 where the phosphoric acid absorption promoter of the present invention was applied by mixing 33 wt% of sludge fertilizer with dry matter in a chemical fertilizer containing phosphoric acid, and granulating and drying at a temperature of less than 60 ° C. Comparing the amount of phosphate absorption minus the non-fertilizer group with the value obtained by dividing the amount of phosphate absorbed by subtracting the non-fertilizer group from the comparative example 3 group, the increase was 110% and the effect of the prior art (increase relative to the control was The absorption promotion effect of phosphoric acid was significantly higher than 50% or less).

Claims (4)

  A method for promoting phosphate absorption in a crop, wherein a chemical fertilizer containing phosphoric acid and a sludge fertilizer using at least human waste sludge fertilizer as a raw material fertilizer are simultaneously applied.   The method according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the sludge fertilizer is 5 to 30 times the phosphate component of the chemical fertilizer containing phosphoric acid.   A phosphoric acid absorption promoting material for crops, wherein 10-50% by weight of sludge fermentation fertilizer is mixed with dry matter in chemical fertilizer containing phosphoric acid.   A method for producing a phosphoric acid absorption promoting material for crops, wherein 10-50% by weight of sludge fermentation fertilizer is mixed with dry chemical in a chemical fertilizer containing phosphoric acid, and granulated and dried at a temperature of less than 60 ° C.