JPH0416133A - Method for nutriculture of plant utilizing root - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To cultivate a plant at a low cost by placing a cylindrical unit of a specific shape having a fine granular cotton-packed bed formed therein on a cultivation bed where a culture solution flows down, placing the aforementioned cylindrical unit on a new cylindrical unit of the same construction, when root parts of the plant elongate through the lower end of the cylindrical unit. CONSTITUTION:A cultivation bed composed of a cylindrical unit, having a fine granular cotton-packed bed with a packed height so as to feed a culture solution to the top end face when the cylindrical unit is placed on the cultivation bed, where the culture solution flows down formed therein, and the same height as that of the fine granular cotton-packed bed and provided with plural notched parts or through-holes on the outer periphery of the lower end is placed on the aforementioned cultivation bed. Seeds or seedlings of a plant growing by utilizing roots thereof are planted in the upper surface layer of the fine granular cotton- packed bed. The culture solution is then fed through the notched parts or the through-holes and the fine granular cotton-packed bed to grow the seeds or seedlings of the plant. When the root parts are elongated to the surface layer of the lower end of the fine granular cotton packed bed, the cultivation bed in which the above-mentioned root parts are elongated to the surface layer of the lower end of the fine granular cotton-packed bed is placed on another cultivation bed of the aforementioned construction placed on the above-mentioned cultivation bed.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] (Industrial Application Field) The present invention relates to a method for hydroponic cultivation of plants (plants in which the formation of a taproot is essential) that utilizes the roots of medicinal ginseng, radish, edible ginseng, etc. .

(Prior Art) Conventionally, as a hydroponic cultivation method for plants that utilizes roots, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 104530/1983 describes a container with high ventilation (porous container, for example, a hollow container made of wire mesh) and a method for cultivating plants using roots. Seeds or seedlings of plants that utilize their roots are planted on a cultivation bed made of housed livestock (sphagnum moss, wild moss, etc.), and the bottom of this cultivation bed is kept immersed in a nutrient solution at all times. A method for hydroponic cultivation of plants using the roots of plants is disclosed.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) In order to harvest medicinal ginseng and daikon radish with a length of 200 to 250 mm as described in the examples of the above-mentioned publication using such a conventional method, it is necessary to Although it is necessary to prepare a cultivation bed with a height, such a cultivation bed itself is extremely expensive because livestock are extremely expensive, and according to the test results of the present inventors, the capillary tubes in the livestock storage layer The height at which nutrient solution can be supplied due to phenomena etc. is 100
Since it is small, around M, and its liquid retention is also small, the nutrient solution storage height must be at least 100 to 150 mm, which is the cultivation bed height minus the nutrient solution supply height, in order to obtain a large harvest. This requires a large-capacity nutrient solution storage tank and a large amount of nutrient solution, making cultivation costs extremely high.

An object of the present invention is to provide a hydroponic cultivation method that can cultivate and harvest plants utilizing their roots at extremely low cost.

(Means for solving problems) The gist of the invention is as follows.

(1) Form a fine cotton filling layer with a filling height that allows the nutrient solution to be supplied to the upper end surface when placed on a cultivated pet on which a thin film of nutrient solution flows down, and has the same height as the fine cotton filling layer. Then, a cultivation bed made of a cylindrical body with a plurality of notches or through holes provided on the outer periphery of the lower end is placed on the cultivation bed, and roots are utilized in the depressions provided in the surface layer of the upper end of the fine cotton filling layer. Planting seeds or seedlings of a plant to be grown, supplying a nutrient solution through the notch or through hole, and a layer filled with fine cotton to grow the seeds or seedlings of the plant;
When the roots have extended to the surface layer of the lower end of the fine cotton packed bed, a cultivation bed with the roots extending to the surface layer of the lower end of the fine cotton packed bed is placed on another cultivation bed with the above configuration placed on the cultivation bed. A hydroponic cultivation method for plants that utilizes roots, which is characterized by placing the plants on top.

(2) A fine cotton filling layer is formed at the lower end with a filling height that allows the nutrient solution to be supplied to the upper end surface when placed on a cultivation bed where a thin film of nutrient solution flows down, and the height is higher than the fine cotton filling layer. It has a
A cultivation bed consisting of a cylindrical body with a plurality of notches or through holes provided on the outer periphery of the lower end is placed on the cultivation bed, and roots are utilized in the depressions provided in the surface layer of the upper end of the fine cotton filling layer. Plant seeds or seedlings are planted, and the seeds or seedlings are grown by supplying nutrient solution through the notch or through hole or the fine cotton filling layer, and the roots extend to the surface layer at the lower end of the fine cotton filling layer. When this is done, a fine cotton filling layer having the filling height described above is additionally formed at the lower end of the cylindrical body of the cultivation bed, and the layer is placed on the cultivation bed. .

As the above-mentioned cylindrical body, various shapes such as horizontal cross-sectional shapes such as circular and square can be adopted, but in particular, a cylindrical body is adopted.
This is preferable in order to apply uniform pressure to the roots growing in the fine cotton packed bed formed by filling the fine cotton.

The size of the horizontal cross section of the cylindrical body, for example, should be larger than the diameter of the roots of the plants to be harvested, for example, as for the inner diameter of the cylindrical body. During the growth process, it was not possible to apply the appropriate pressure necessary to enlarge the growing roots by the cylindrical body, and according to the results of the present inventors, the amount of fine cotton filled was 0.15 to 0.30 g. /cm 3 , it is preferable to set the diameter to 2 to 3 times the diameter of the roots of the plants to be harvested in order to promote enlargement of the roots.

There are no particular restrictions on the material of the cylindrical body, or it is preferable to use a plastic cylindrical body that has nutrient solution resistance and is inexpensive. In addition, there is no need to particularly restrict the shape, height, and number of the notches provided on the outer periphery of the upper end of the cylindrical body, and when the cylindrical body is placed on the cultivation bed, the nutrient solution flowing down in a thin film can pass through the notches. On the other hand, the through-holes should be placed so that when placed on the cultivation bed, the nutrient solution flowing down the thin film can reach the side surfaces of the fine-grained cotton packed bed through the through-holes. It is necessary to provide

The height of the cylindrical body that forms the fine cotton filling layer at the lower end is greater than the length of the valve of the plant to be harvested, and its material is made of light-transparent plastic. This is particularly preferable in terms of irradiating plants with light and promoting their growth.

Note that the nutrient solution used in the present invention does not need to be special;
It is prepared by dissolving ordinary hydroponic fertilizers whose main ingredients are nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium. For example, fire bomb house M1
A mixture of No. No. and No. M2 (both manufactured by Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) is used. The mixing ratio is determined depending on the type of target plant.

In addition, the cultivation bed used in the method of the present invention is arranged with a Ct, for example, at a gradient of 1/80 to 1/100, and the nutrient solution supplied from the upper end of the bed is formed into a thin film with a thickness of about 5 mm. There are no particular restrictions, as long as the nutrient solution flows down and is discharged from the bottom end of the bed, for example, a cultivation bed with a predetermined slope and a liquid pump that sends the nutrient solution from the nutrient solution tank to the upper end of the cultivation bed. In addition, there is a liquid feeding pipe, a knob provided on the liquid feeding pipe to adjust the flow rate of the nutrient solution to the cultivation bed to be constant, and a valve that controls the nutrient solution flowing down in a thin film over the cultivation bed to the lower end of the cultivation bed. An automatic fertilizer concentration control device (hydroponic fertilizer stock solution) that controls the concentration of the nutrient solution in the nutrient solution tank at a constant level. It is possible to use well-known hydroponic cultivation equipment that is relatively inexpensive, labor-saving, and economically advantageous, and is equipped with a tank, a metered-rate inflow pump, a concentration detector, and an EC meter.

(Function) The present invention is extremely inexpensive (approximately 171 O
Since we use a cultivation bed in which a fine cotton filling layer is formed by filling a cylindrical body with multiple cutouts or through holes on the outer periphery of the lower end of fine cotton, the cultivation bed itself is less expensive than conventional cultivation beds. It can be made extremely inexpensive.

When the cultivation bed is placed on a cultivation bed on which a thin film of nutrient solution flows down, the nutrient solution is supplied through the notch or through hole and is caused by capillary action etc. Since the height is set so that the nutrient solution can be supplied to the upper end surface, even if the nutrient solution is allowed to flow down in a thin film, the nutrient solution can be supplied to the seeds or seedlings planted in the depressions on the upper end surface of the fine cotton filling layer, thereby promoting the growth of the seeds or seedlings. can. In addition, since the side circumference of the fine cotton packed bed is bound by a cylindrical body, an appropriate pressure is applied to the plate valves having fine roots growing in the fine cotton packed bed containing an appropriate amount of nutrient solution. It is possible to grow the plate valves by expanding them downward and growing them.

The height of the nutrient solution supply due to capillary action in the above-mentioned packed bed is approximately 100 mm, which is the same as that of the conventional livestock storage bed.
Since the liquid holding capacity is greater than that of conventional livestock storage layers, there is no need to constantly immerse the lower end of the livestock storage layer in the nutrient solution as in the conventional method, and the nutrient solution can be applied intermittently to the top of the cultivation bed. Even if a thin film is allowed to flow down, the nutrient solution can be supplied to the seeds and seedlings planted in the packed bed, as well as to the roots that have grown in the packed bed.

The height of nutrient solution supply due to capillary phenomenon etc. of the above packed bed is 100
For example, in order to harvest root vegetables with a length of 250 to 300 m, the height of the packed bed should be 250 mm.
However, in a packed bed with such a height, even if it is placed on a cultivation bed where a thin film of nutrient solution flows down, the seeds planted on the top surface of the packed bed will not be able to survive. , it is not possible to supply nutrient solution to the seedlings, making it impossible for the seeds and seedlings to grow. If the water level of the nutrient solution on the cultivation bed is 150 to 200 mm, then the water level of the nutrient solution placed on the cultivation head is 250 to 300 mm.
It is possible to supply nutrient solution to seeds and seedlings planted on the top surface of the packed bed, but a large amount of nutrient solution must be supplied to the cultivation bed, and the nutrient solution discharged from the cultivation bed must be recirculated and supplied. The scale of the circulation supply equipment needed to do this becomes large, which increases equipment costs and nutrient solution costs.

In contrast, in the present invention, for example, root vegetables whose roots extend to the surface layer of the lower end of the packed bed and the packed bed are placed on the cultivation bed, and a nutrient solution can be supplied to the upper end surface by capillary action or the like. Since the nutrient solution is placed on a different filling layer in height, even if the nutrient solution level on the cultivation bed is a thin film, for example around 5 mm, the nutrient solution will flow through the lower packing layer to the roots in the upper packing layer. In addition to being able to feed the roots, the roots can extend into the lower filling layer, allowing the roots to grow.

Furthermore, since the water level of the nutrient solution on the cultivation bed is a thin film, only a small amount of nutrient solution needs to be supplied to the cultivation bed, and the scale of the circulating supply equipment for recirculating and supplying the nutrient solution discharged from the cultivation bed is also small. It can often reduce equipment costs and nutrient solution costs.

(Example) Daikon radish was hydroponically cultivated from seeds by the method of the present invention. The cultivation conditions at this time are as follows.

[Cultivation equipment]

A cultivation bed with a width of 30 cm, a length of 5 m, and a slope device of 780,
A liquid pump and a liquid pipe that send the nutrient solution from the nutrient solution tank to the upper end of the cultivation bed, a valve installed in the liquid pipe to adjust the flow rate of the nutrient solution to the cultivation bed to be constant, It consists of a dipping pipe that collects the nutrient solution that flows down the bed in a thin film with a receiver installed at the bottom of the bed, allows it to flow down naturally, and returns it to the nutrient solution tank, keeping the concentration of the nutrient solution fertilizer in the nutrient solution tank constant. A well-known hydroponic cultivation facility equipped with an automatic fertilizer concentration control device (consisting of a hydroponic fertilizer stock solution tank, metered inflow pump, concentration detector, and EC meter) was used.

[Nourishing liquid]

The nutrient solution was prepared by dissolving calcium nitrate, potassium nitrate, ammonium monophosphate, magnesium sulfate, and trace elements in water, and the concentration was controlled at a constant EC of 0.8 cm/cm.

[Cultivation bed]

Eight rectangular notches with a height of 20 mm and a width of 20 mm are provided at equal intervals on the outer circumference of the lower end, with an inner diameter of 90φ and an outer diameter of 94φ (wall thickness 2I).
IIn), 0.2g/cm3 of fine cotton was filled in a transparent plastic cylinder with a height of 1ooa+m, and a diameter of 90m.
A plurality of cultivation beds (hereinafter abbreviated as first cultivation beds) each having a cylindrical fine cotton packed bed having a height of 1100 m and a height of 1100 III were prepared.

In addition, fine particles were placed at the lower end of a transparent plastic cylinder with an inner diameter of 9oφ, an outer diameter of 94φ (wall thickness: 2M), and a height of 300m, in which eight rectangular notches with a height of 20mm and a width of 20mm were provided at equal intervals on the outer periphery of the lower end. Filled with 0.2 g/cm3 of cotton, a cylindrical fine cotton filling layer with a diameter of 90 mm and a height of 100 mm was formed at the lower end of the cylinder, and a cylindrical fine cotton filling layer with a height of 200 mm was formed above the fine cotton filling layer. Cultivation bed with space formed (hereinafter referred to as
A second cultivation bed) was prepared.

[Cultivation procedure]

placing the first and second cultivation beds on the cultivation bed;
The nutrient solution is supplied for 15 minutes at 3f/mln (a supply rate that forms a falling thin film of about 3mm on the bed), and the nutrient solution spreads to the fine cotton packed bed of the first and second cultivation beds due to capillary action, etc. At the time when the radish seeds were supplied to the upper end surface, radish seeds were planted in the depressions of the surface layer at the upper end of the fine cotton filling layer of each cultivation bed.

After that, the nutrient solution was supplied to the cultivation bed at a supply flow rate of 31/ml.
The intermittent supply was continued for 15 minutes at a constant rate of 1 and then stopped for 45 minutes.

As a result, germination took place in each cultivation bed for one week, and cotyledon development began.

20 days after sowing The taproots of each of the above cultivation beds had extended to the surface layer at the lower end of the fine cotton packed bed, so a new first cultivation bed was placed on top of the cultivation bed, and the above-mentioned cultivation beds were placed on top of the first cultivation bed. The first cultivation bed with an elongated taproot was placed, and for the second cultivation bed with an elongated taproot, the lower end of the cylinder of the cultivation bed was additionally filled with 0.2 g/cm of new fine cotton. A packed layer with a diameter of 90 mm and a height of 200 mm was formed and placed on the head.

40 days after sowing.The taproots of each of the above cultivation beds had extended to the surface layer at the lower end of the lower fine cotton packed bed, so a new first cultivation bed was placed on the cultivation bed, and on this first cultivation bed, A first cultivation bed with two upper and lower layers in which the taproot has been extended is placed, and for the second cultivation bed in which the taproot has been extended, 0-2 g/cm of new fine cotton is added to the lower end of the cylinder of the cultivation bed. 3
Additional filling was performed to form a packed bed with a diameter of 9° and a height of 300 mm, which was placed on a bed.

50 days after sowing Set root diameter: 30 mm, length: 270 mm
I was able to harvest the radish that had grown. The taste of the harvested radish was equivalent to the amount cultivated in soil.

(Effects of the Invention) As detailed above, according to the method of the present invention, plants that utilize their roots can be cultivated and harvested at extremely low cost.

Agent Patent Attorney Masaaki Aki Sawa 1 other person

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) When placed on a cultivation bed with a thin film of nutrient solution flowing down, a fine cotton filled layer is formed with a filling height that allows the nutrient solution to be supplied to the upper end surface, and the layer has the same height as the fine cotton filled layer. Then, a cultivation bed made of a cylindrical body with a plurality of notches or through holes provided on the outer periphery of the lower end is placed on the cultivation bed, and roots are utilized in the depressions provided in the surface layer of the upper end of the fine cotton filling layer. Planting seeds or seedlings of a plant to be grown, supplying a nutrient solution through the notch or through hole, and a layer filled with fine cotton to grow the seeds or seedlings of the plant;
When the roots have extended to the surface layer of the lower end of the fine cotton packed bed, a cultivation bed with the roots extending to the surface layer of the lower end of the fine cotton packed bed is placed on another cultivation bed with the above configuration placed on the cultivation bed. A hydroponic cultivation method for plants that utilizes roots, which is characterized by placing the plants on top. (2) A fine cotton filling layer is formed at the lower end with a filling height that allows the nutrient solution to be supplied to the upper end surface when placed on a cultivation bed where a thin film of nutrient solution flows down, and the height is higher than the fine cotton filling layer. It has a
A plant in which a cultivation bed made of a cylindrical body with a plurality of notches or through holes provided on the outer periphery of the lower end is placed on the cultivation bed, and roots are utilized in depressions provided in the surface layer at the upper end of the fine cotton filling bed. The seeds or seedlings of the above-mentioned plants were planted, and the seeds or seedlings of the above plants were grown by supplying nutrient solution through the notches or through-holes and the fine cotton packed bed, and the roots extended to the surface layer at the lower end of the fine cotton packed bed. A hydroponic cultivation method for plants utilizing roots, characterized in that a fine cotton filling layer having the filling height described above is additionally formed at the lower end of the cylindrical body of the cultivation bed, and the layer is placed on the cultivation bed.