JPH048238A - Nutritive solution culture of plant utilizing root - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To inexpensively culture plants utilizing the most of roots, binding the side periphery of pillar-shaped material having specific height, water and aerial transmission with a tying member to form a culture floor, placing the culture floor on a culture bed, planting seeds, seedlings, etc., and subjecting to nutritive solution culture. CONSTITUTION:An air-passible and water-permeable pillar-shaped material having such a height as to supply a nutritive solution to the top when the material is placed on a culture bed dripping the nutritive solution in a thin flow is prepared. The periphery of the pillar-shaped material is bound with a tying member to form a culture floor, which is placed on a culture bed. Then, seeds or seedlings of plant are planted in slits, dents, etc., formed on the surface layer of the top of the culture floor, the nutritive solution is fed through the culture floor to the seeds or the seedlings to grow the seeds or the seedlings of plant. When the root parts are extended to the surface layer of the bottom of the culture floor, the culture floor having the root parts extended to the surface layer of the bottom of the pillar-shaped material is placed on another culture floor having the same constitution as that of the culture floor and the plant is subjected to nutritive solution culture.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] (Industrial Application Field) The present invention relates to a method for hydroponic cultivation of plants (plants in which the formation of a taproot is essential) that utilizes the roots of medicinal ginseng, radish, edible ginseng, etc. .

(Prior Art) Conventionally, as a hydroponic cultivation method for plants that utilizes roots, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 104530/1983 describes a container with high ventilation (porous container, for example, a hollow container made of wire mesh) and a method for cultivating plants using roots. Seeds or seedlings of plants that utilize their roots are planted in a cultivation bed made of housed moss (sphagnum moss, wild moss, etc.), and the bottom of this cultivation bed is kept immersed in a nutrient solution at all times. A method for hydroponic cultivation of plants utilizing characteristic roots is disclosed.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) By such a conventional method, medicinal ginseng having a length of 200 to 250 mm as described in the examples of the above-mentioned publication,
In order to harvest radish, it is necessary to prepare a cultivation bed with a height of 200 to 250 cm or more, but since moss is extremely expensive, such a cultivation bed itself is extremely expensive. According to the test results of the present inventors, the height at which nutrient solution can be supplied due to capillary action in the moss storage layer is 10
Because it is small at around 0 mm and its liquid retention ability is also small,
At least the nutrient solution storage height must be 100 to 150 m + n or more, which is the height of the cultivation bed minus the nutrient solution supply height. is required, making cultivation cost extremely high.

An object of the present invention is to provide a hydroponic cultivation method that can cultivate and harvest plants utilizing their roots at extremely low cost.

(Means for solving problems) The gist of the invention is as follows.

(1) A liquid-permeable, air-permeable columnar body having a height that allows the nutrient liquid to be supplied to the upper end surface when placed on a cultivation bed on which a thin film of nutrient solution flows down, and a side of this liquid-permeable, air-permeable columnar body. A cultivation bed consisting of a binding body that restrains the circumference is placed on the cultivation bed, and plant seeds or seedlings are planted in the slits or depressions formed in the surface layer at the upper end of the cultivation bed, and the seeds or seedlings are planted through the cultivation bed. When the seeds or seedlings of the plants are grown by supplying nutrient solution and the roots extend to the surface layer of the lower end of the cultivation bed, the roots are placed on another cultivation bed with the above structure placed on the cultivation bed. A hydroponic cultivation method for plants utilizing roots, characterized by placing an extended cultivation bed on the surface layer of the lower end of a columnar body.

(2) A liquid-permeable, breathable columnar body having a height that allows the nutrient solution to be supplied to the upper end surface when placed on a cultivation bed where a thin film of nutrient solution flows down, and a columnar body that is attached to the outer periphery of the columnar body. A cultivation bed consisting of a cylindrical body having the same height as the columnar body and having a plurality of notches or through holes on the outer periphery of the lower end is placed on the cultivation bed, and the upper end of the cultivation bed is Seeds or seedlings of plants that utilize their roots are planted in slits or depressions provided in the surface layer, and nutrient solution is supplied through the notches, through holes, and columnar bodies to grow the seeds or seedlings of the plants, and the roots are columnar. When the roots extend to the surface layer of the lower end of the columnar body, a cultivation bed whose roots extend to the surface layer of the lower end of the columnar body is placed on another cultivation bed having the above structure placed on the cultivation bed. A method of hydroponic cultivation of plants that utilizes their roots.

(3) A liquid-permeable, breathable columnar body having a height that allows the nutrient solution to be supplied to the upper end surface when placed on a cultivation bed on which a thin film of nutrient solution flows down, and this columnar body is attached to the lower end; A cultivation bed made of a cylindrical body having a height higher than that of the columnar body and having a plurality of notches or through holes on the outer periphery of the lower end is placed on the cultivation bed, and the upper end of the columnar body is placed on the cultivation bed. Seeds or seedlings of plants that utilize their roots are planted in slits or depressions provided in the surface layer, and nutrient solution is supplied through the notches, through holes, and columnar bodies to grow the seeds or seedlings of the plants, and the roots are columnar. When extended to the surface layer of the lower end of the body, a liquid-permeable and breathable columnar body of the above-mentioned height is additionally attached to the lower end of the cylindrical body of this cultivation bed, and is placed on the above-mentioned cultivation bed. A method of hydroponic cultivation of plants that utilizes the roots.

The columnar bodies used are made of rock wool, ceramic wool, etc., and have a height that allows the nutrient solution to be supplied by capillary action or the like. Although various horizontal cross-sectional shapes can be adopted, such as circular or square, a cylindrical shape is particularly preferable in order to apply uniform pressure to the growing plate valve. When adopting a cylindrical body, it is possible to adopt a cylindrical body in which a pair of semi-cylindrical bodies or four quarter cylinder bodies are put together and a slit is formed at the joint. In this case, the slit is formed in the cylinder. The surface layer of the upper end of the body can be used as a slit for planting seeds and seedlings. Of course, if a columnar body that is originally integral is used, a slit or depression in a negative or positive shape for planting seeds or seedlings is formed in the surface layer of its upper end.

Regarding the size of the horizontal cross section of the columnar body, for example, the diameter of the columnar body should naturally be larger than the diameter of the roots of the plants to be harvested, but if it is too large, the roots will become bound during the growth process. Alternatively, the cylindrical body cannot apply the appropriate pressure necessary to enlarge the growing roots, and according to the results of the present inventors' experiments, the diameter of the roots of the plants to be harvested is 2 to 3 times larger. It is preferable to promote root enlargement.

As the binding body, for example, a wire, a band, a wire mesh, etc. can be used, and it is particularly preferable to use a wire to construct the above-mentioned cultivation bed because it is simple. In addition, if a strap is used and its width is larger than the film thickness of the nutrient solution flowing down on the cultivation bed, the lower end of the columnar body can be placed at a height that allows it to be immersed in the nutrient solution when placed on the cultivation bed. When binding the outer periphery of the nutrient solution immersed part, it is necessary to provide a notch or a small hole in the strap to ensure the supply of the nutrient solution to the columnar body.

An appropriate number of restraints can be adopted, but in the case of restraint with wire, it is preferable to restrain at least two points above and below the columnar body in order to apply pressure to enlarge the plate valves growing inside the columnar body. .

The cylindrical body has the same cross-sectional shape as the horizontal cross-sectional shape of the above-mentioned columnar body, and has the same dimensions as the horizontal cross-sectional shape of the above-mentioned columnar body, and there are no particular restrictions on the material. However, it is preferable to use a cylindrical body made of plastic, which is resistant to nutrient solutions and is inexpensive in terms of cost. In addition, there is no need to particularly restrict the shape, height, and number of notches provided on the outer periphery of the upper end of the cylindrical body, and when the cylindrical body is placed on the cultivation bed, a thin film of nutrient solution flows down through the notches. However, the - side through-holes need to be placed in a position where the nutrient solution flowing down in a thin film can reach the side surfaces of the columnar body through the through-holes when placed on the cultivation bed. be.

The height of the cylindrical body attached to the outer periphery of the cylindrical body can be the same as or slightly shorter than the height of the cylindrical body above, and when a shorter one is adopted, the lower end of the cylindrical body and the lower end of the cylindrical body' The cylindrical body is attached to the columnar body so that the upper end of the columnar body protrudes from the upper end of the cylindrical body.

The height of the cylindrical body attached to the lower end of the cylindrical body should be greater than the length of the leaf valve of the plant to be harvested, and the material should be made of light-transparent plastic. This is particularly preferable in terms of irradiating plants with light and promoting their growth.

Note that the nutrient solution used in the present invention does not need to be special, and can be prepared by dissolving a normal hydroponic fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium as main components. For example, a mixture of Otsuka House M1 and M2 (both manufactured by Inuzuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) is used. The mixing ratio is determined depending on the type of target plant.

In addition, the cultivation bed used in the method of the present invention is arranged with a slope of, for example, 1/80 to 1/100, and the nutrient solution supplied from the upper end of the bed flows down with a thin film, for example, about 5 mm thick, and the lower end of the bed There are no particular restrictions as long as the nutrient solution can be discharged more easily.For example, a cultivation bed with a predetermined slope, a solution pump and a solution pipe that send the nutrient solution from the nutrient solution tank to the upper end of the cultivation bed, and A valve is installed on the liquid pipe to adjust the flow rate of the nutrient solution to the cultivation bed to be constant, and the nutrient solution that flows down the cultivation bed in a thin film is collected in a receiving gutter installed at the bottom of the bed and allowed to flow down naturally. An automatic fertilizer concentration control device (hydroponic fertilizer stock solution tank, quantitative inflow pump, concentration detector, EC meter) that controls the concentration of the nutrient solution in the nutrient solution tank at a constant level. It is possible to use well-known hydroponic cultivation equipment that is relatively inexpensive, labor-saving, and economically advantageous.

(Function) The present invention is extremely inexpensive (approximately 1/10
A liquid-permeable, air-permeable columnar body made of rock wool, ceramic wool, etc. (price of Since we use a cultivation bed made of a cylindrical body with a height equal to or higher than the columnar body and with multiple cutouts or through holes on the outer periphery of the lower end, the cultivation bed itself is different from the conventional one. It can be made extremely inexpensive compared to cultivation beds.

The height of the columnar body is such that when the columnar body is placed on a cultivation bed where the nutrient solution flows down in a thin film, the nutrient solution can be supplied to the upper end surface by capillary action, etc., so that the nutrient solution flows down in a thin film. Even if it is allowed to grow, the nutrient solution can be supplied to the seeds or seedlings planted in the slits or depressions on the upper end surface of the columnar body, and the growth of the seeds or seedlings can be promoted. In addition, since the side periphery of the columnar body is bound by a binding body or a cylindrical body is attached to the outer periphery of the columnar body, an appropriate pressure is applied to the columnar body containing an appropriate amount of nutrient solution. The roots with fine roots can be enlarged and grown by extending downward.

The above-mentioned columnar body has a height of about 100 mm, which is the same as that of a conventional moss storage layer, in terms of the height at which the nutrient solution is supplied by capillary action, etc., but because it has a greater liquid retention capacity than a conventional moss storage layer, it is difficult to use the conventional method. There is no need to immerse the lower end of the moss storage layer in the nutrient solution all the time, and even if the nutrient solution is intermittently dropped in a thin film over the cultivation bed, seeds and seedlings planted in the columns with the nutrient solution can be grown. It can be supplied to the roots that have grown into columns.

The height of the nutrient solution supplied by the capillary phenomenon of the columnar body is 100
For example, in order to harvest root vegetables with a length of 250 to 300 mm, the height of the columnar body should be 250 mm.
However, with a columnar body of such a height, even if it is placed on a cultivation bed where a thin film of nutrient solution flows down, the seeds planted on the upper end surface of the columnar body, Nutrient solution cannot be supplied to seedlings, making it impossible for seeds and seedlings to grow. If the water level of the nutrient solution on the cultivation bed is 150 to 200 mm, it is possible to supply the nutrient solution to the seeds and seedlings planted on the upper end surface of the 250 to 300 M columnar body placed on the cultivation bed. However, a large amount of nutrient solution must be supplied to the cultivation bed, and the scale of the circulation supply equipment for recirculating and supplying the nutrient solution discharged from the cultivation bed becomes large, resulting in large equipment costs and nutrient solution costs.

In contrast, in the present invention, for example, root vegetables and columnar bodies whose roots extend to the surface layer of the lower end of the columnar body are placed on the cultivation bed, and a nutrient solution can be supplied to the upper end surface by capillary action or the like. Since the nutrient solution is placed on a column with a different height, even if the water level of the nutrient solution on the cultivation bed is a thin film, for example around 5 mm, the nutrient solution will flow through the lower column to the roots in the upper column. In addition to being able to supply the roots, the roots can extend into the lower columnar body, allowing the roots to grow.

Furthermore, since the water level of the nutrient solution on the cultivation bed is a thin film, only a small amount of nutrient solution needs to be supplied to the cultivation bed, and the scale of the circulating supply equipment for recirculating and supplying the nutrient solution discharged from the cultivation bed is also small. It can often reduce equipment costs and nutrient solution costs.

(Example) Daikon radish was hydroponically cultivated from seeds by the method of the present invention. The cultivation conditions at this time are as follows.

[Cultivation equipment]

A cultivation bed with a width of 30' cm, a length of 5 m, and a slope of 1/80, a liquid pump and a liquid pipe that sends the nutrient solution from the nutrient solution tank to the upper end of the cultivation bed, and a cultivation bed installed in this liquid pipe. There is a valve that adjusts the flow rate of the nutrient solution to be constant, and a return system that collects the nutrient solution that has flowed down in a thin film over the cultivation bed in a receiving gutter installed at the bottom of the bed, allows it to flow down naturally, and returns it to the nutrient solution tank. This well-known device is equipped with an automatic fertilizer concentration control device (consisting of a hydroponic fertilizer stock solution tank, metered inflow pump, concentration detector, and EC meter) that controls the concentration of the nutrient solution fertilizer in the nutrient solution tank at a constant level. Hydroponic cultivation equipment was used.

[Nourishing liquid]

The nutrient solution was prepared by dissolving calcium nitrate, potassium nitrate, ammonium monophosphate, magnesium sulfate, and trace elements in water, and the concentration was controlled at a constant EC of 0.8 cm/cm.

[Cultivation bed]

A pair of semi-cylindrical rock wool cylinders with a radius of 45 mm and a height of 100 mm are put together, and a slit is formed at the seam of the rock wool cylinders with a diameter of 90 mm and a height of 100 mm.The outer periphery of the rock wool cylinder is 25 mm and 75 mm from the bottom end surface of the rock wool cylinder with a diameter of 90 mm and a height of 100 mm. A plurality of cultivation beds (hereinafter abbreviated as first cultivation beds) were prepared by wrapping wire around and binding the outer periphery.

In addition, when the above semi-cylindrical rock wool is put together, a slit is formed at the seam, and the diameter is 90 mm and the height is 100 m.
A rock wool cylinder with a height of 20 mm and a width of 2 on the outer circumference of the bottom end.
Inner diameter 9 with 8 equally spaced rectangular notches of 0 mm.
0φ, outer diameter 94φ (thickness 2IIIm), height 100M
A plurality of cultivation beds (hereinafter abbreviated as second cultivation beds) each equipped with transparent plastic cylinders were prepared.

Furthermore, prepare a plurality of rock wool cylinders with a diameter of 90 mm and a height of 100 m with slits formed at the seams by combining the above semi-cylindrical rock wool, and a height of 20 m on the outer periphery of the lower end.
Prepare a transparent plastic cylinder with an inner diameter of 90φ, an outer diameter of 94φ (wall thickness: 2mm), and a height of 300mm, in which 8 rectangular notches of 20mm wide and 20 mm wide are formed at equal intervals, and the above-mentioned rock wool is attached to the lower end of the cylinder. A cultivation bed (hereinafter abbreviated as the third cultivation bed) in which a cylinder was attached and a space above the cylinder with a height of 200 M was formed above was prepared.

[Cultivation procedure]

The first, second, and third cultivation beds were placed on the cultivation bed, and a nutrient solution was supplied for 15 minutes at 3 A/m1n (a supply amount that would form a falling thin film of about 300 ml on the bed). When the nutrient solution is supplied to the upper end surfaces of the rock wool cylinders of the first, second, and third cultivation beds due to capillary action, etc., the slits in the upper ends of the rock wool cylinders of the respective cultivation beds and the surface layer I planted radish seeds in.

After that, the nutrient solution was supplied to the cultivation bed at a supply flow rate of 31/m1n.
The intermittent supply was continued for 15 minutes at a constant rate and then stopped for 45 minutes.

As a result, the seeds germinated and cotyledon development began in about a week in each cultivation bed.

On the 20th day after sowing, the taproots of each of the above cultivation beds had extended to the surface layer of the lower end of the rock wool cylinder, so new first and second cultivation beds were placed on top of the cultivation beds, and the first and second cultivation beds were placed on top of the cultivation beds. Place the first and second cultivation beds with extended taproots on the second cultivation bed, and place a new cultivation bed on the lower end of the cylinder of the cultivation bed for the third cultivation bed with extended taproots. The rock wool cylinder was additionally inserted and attached, and placed on the bed.

On the 40th day after sowing, the taproots of each of the above cultivation beds had extended to the surface layer of the lower end of the rock wool cylinder at the bottom, so new first and second cultivation beds were placed on top of the first cultivation bed. And on the second cultivation bed, place the first and second cultivation beds of upper and lower two stages in which the above-mentioned taproot has extended, and as for the third cultivation bed in which the above-mentioned taproot has extended, the lower end of the cylinder of the cultivation bed A new rock wool cylinder was additionally inserted and mounted on the bed, and the cylinder was placed on the bed.

On the 50th day after sowing, the root diameter was 30 mm and the length was 270 mm.
I was able to harvest the radish that had grown. The taste of the harvested radish was comparable to that of the soil-cultivated radish.

(Effects of the Invention) As detailed above, according to the method of the present invention, plants that utilize their roots can be cultivated and harvested at extremely low cost.

Agent Patent Attorney Masaaki Aki Sawa 1 other person

Claims (3)

[Claims] (1) A liquid-permeable, air-permeable columnar body having a height that allows the nutrient liquid to be supplied to the upper end surface when placed on a cultivation bed on which a thin film of nutrient solution flows down, and a side of this liquid-permeable, air-permeable columnar body. A cultivation bed consisting of a binding body that restrains the circumference is placed on the cultivation bed, and plant seeds or seedlings are planted in the slits or depressions formed in the surface layer at the upper end of the cultivation bed, and the seeds or seedlings are planted through the cultivation bed. When the seeds or seedlings of the plants are grown by supplying nutrient solution and the roots extend to the surface layer of the lower end of the cultivation bed, the roots are placed on another cultivation bed with the above structure placed on the cultivation bed. A hydroponic cultivation method for plants utilizing roots, characterized by placing an extended cultivation bed on the surface layer of the lower end of a columnar body. (2) A liquid-permeable, breathable columnar body having a height that allows the nutrient solution to be supplied to the upper end surface when placed on a cultivation bed where a thin film of nutrient solution flows down, and a columnar body that is attached to the outer periphery of the columnar body. A cultivation bed consisting of a cylindrical body having the same height as the columnar body and having a plurality of notches or through holes on the outer periphery of the lower end is placed on the cultivation bed, and the upper end of the cultivation bed is Seeds or seedlings of plants that utilize their roots are planted in slits or depressions provided in the surface layer, and nutrient solution is supplied through the notches, through holes, and columnar bodies to grow the seeds or seedlings of the plants, and the roots are columnar. When the roots extend to the surface layer of the lower end of the columnar body, a cultivation bed whose roots extend to the surface layer of the lower end of the columnar body is placed on another cultivation bed having the above structure placed on the cultivation bed. A method of hydroponic cultivation of plants that utilizes their roots. (3) A liquid-permeable, breathable columnar body having a height that allows the nutrient solution to be supplied to the upper end surface when placed on a cultivation bed on which a thin film of nutrient solution flows down, and this columnar body is attached to the lower end; A cultivation bed made of a cylindrical body having a height higher than that of the columnar body and having a plurality of notches or through holes on the outer periphery of the lower end is placed on the cultivation bed, and the upper end of the columnar body is placed on the cultivation bed. Seeds or seedlings of plants that utilize their roots are planted in slits or depressions provided in the surface layer, and nutrient solution is supplied through the notches, through holes, and columnar bodies to grow the seeds or seedlings of the plants, and the roots are columnar. When extended to the surface layer of the lower end of the body, a liquid-permeable and breathable columnar body of the above-mentioned height is additionally attached to the lower end of the cylindrical body of this cultivation bed, and is placed on the above-mentioned cultivation bed. A method of hydroponic cultivation of plants that utilizes the roots.