JPH0415452B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0415452B2 JPH0415452B2 JP29445685A JP29445685A JPH0415452B2 JP H0415452 B2 JPH0415452 B2 JP H0415452B2 JP 29445685 A JP29445685 A JP 29445685A JP 29445685 A JP29445685 A JP 29445685A JP H0415452 B2 JPH0415452 B2 JP H0415452B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- liquid crystal
- axes
- angle
- alignment
- tilt angle
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 claims description 103
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000005262 ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs) Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 28
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 21
- 239000004990 Smectic liquid crystal Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 13
- -1 polyparaxylylene Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 8
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 210000002858 crystal cell Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 3
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical compound [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- OXYZDRAJMHGSMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloropropyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCCl OXYZDRAJMHGSMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004988 Nematic liquid crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- WOXXJEVNDJOOLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl-tris(2-methoxyethoxy)silane Chemical compound COCCO[Si](OCCOC)(OCCOC)C=C WOXXJEVNDJOOLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002472 indium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003609 titanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003755 zirconium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VLDPXPPHXDGHEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-2-dichlorophosphoryloxybenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1OP(Cl)(Cl)=O VLDPXPPHXDGHEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004493 2-methylbut-1-yl group Chemical group CC(C*)CC 0.000 description 1
- NNJMFJSKMRYHSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-phenylbenzoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 NNJMFJSKMRYHSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical group [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004986 Cholesteric liquid crystals (ChLC) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004640 Melamine resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004962 Polyamide-imide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical class [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000003668 acetyloxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(=O)O[*] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004423 acyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002029 aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- FPCJKVGGYOAWIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-ol;titanium Chemical compound [Ti].CCCCO.CCCCO.CCCCO.CCCCO FPCJKVGGYOAWIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004106 butoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000012461 cellulose resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- 229940114081 cinnamate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005621 ferroelectricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- RHZWSUVWRRXEJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium tin Chemical compound [In].[Sn] RHZWSUVWRRXEJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002052 molecular layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005575 poly(amic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003055 poly(ester-imide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000052 poly(p-xylylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002312 polyamide-imide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000007363 ring formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(IV) isopropoxide Chemical compound CC(C)O[Ti](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005019 vapor deposition process Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
Description
ãç£æ¥äžã®å©çšåéã
æ¬çºæã¯ã液æ¶è¡šç€ºçŽ åã液æ¶âå
ã·ã€ãã¿ã¢
ã¬ã€çã«é©çšãã液æ¶çŽ åã«é¢ãã詳ããã¯å°ãª
ããšãïŒã€ã®å®å®ç¶æ ããã€åŒ·èªé»æ§æ¶²æ¶çŽ åã®
ãã«ãè§ãå¢å€§ãããããšã«ãã€ãŠã衚瀺ã³ã³ã
ã©ã¹ããåäžãããããšã«é¢ããã ãåŸæ¥ã®æè¡ã åŸæ¥ã®æ¶²æ¶çŽ åãšããŠã¯ãäŸãã°ãšã ã»ã·ã€ã
ãïŒM.SchadtïŒãšãããªãŠãŒã»ãã«ããªãã
ïŒW.HelfrichïŒèâã¢ãã©ã€ãã»ãã€ãžãã¯ã¹ã»
ã¬ã¿ãŒãºâïŒâ pplied Physics Letter ïœâïŒ
第18å·»ã第ïŒå·ïŒ1971幎ïŒæ15æ¥çºè¡ïŒã第127é
ã128é ã®âãã«ããŒãžã»ãã€ãã³ãã³ãã»ãªã
ãã€ã«ã«ã»ã¢ã¯ãã€ããã€ãŒã»ãªãã»ã¢ã»ãã€ã¹
ãããã»ããããã¯ã»ãªãããã»ã¯ãªã¹ã¿ã«â
ïŒâVoltage Dependent Optical Activity of ïœ
TwistedNematic Liquid CrystalâïŒã«ç€ºãã
ããã€ã¹ãããã»ããããã¯ïŒtwisted
nematicïŒæ¶²æ¶ãçšãããã®ãç¥ãããŠãããã
ã®TN液æ¶ã¯ãç»çŽ å¯åºŠãé«ããããããªã¯ã¹é»
極æ§é ãçšããæåå²é§åã®æãã¯ãã¹ããŒã¯ã
çºçããåé¡ç¹ããããããç»çŽ æ°ãå¶éãããŠ
ããã ãŸããåç»çŽ ã«èèãã©ã³ãžã¹ã¿ã«ããã¹ã€ã
ãã³ã°çŽ åãæ¥ç¶ããåç»çŽ æ¯ãã¹ã€ããã³ã°ã
ãæ¹åŒã®è¡šç€ºçŽ åãç¥ãããŠããããåºæ¿äžã«è
èãã©ã³ãžã¹ã¿ã圢æããå·¥çšã極ããŠç ©éãª
äžã倧é¢ç©ã®è¡šç€ºçŽ åãäœæããããšãé£ããã
åé¡ç¹ãããã ãã®ãããªåŸæ¥åã®æ¶²æ¶çŽ åã®æ¬ ç¹ãæ¹åãã
ãã®ãšããŠãåå®å®æ§ãæãã液æ¶çŽ åã®äœ¿çšã
ã¯ã©ãŒã¯ïŒClarkïŒããã³ã©ã¬ãŠãšã«
ïŒLagerwallïŒã«ããææ¡ãããŠããïŒç¹éæ56
â107216å·å ¬å ±ãç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬4367924å·æ现æž
çïŒãåå®å®æ§ãæãã液æ¶ãšããŠã¯ãäžè¬ã«ã
ã«ã€ã©ã«ã¹ã¡ã¯ãã€ãã¯ïŒ£çžïŒSmCïŒïŒãŸãã¯
çžïŒSmHïŒïŒãæãã匷èªé»æ§æ¶²æ¶ãçšãã
ããããã®æ¶²æ¶ã¯é»çã«å¯ŸããŠç¬¬ïŒã®å åŠçå®å®
ç¶æ ãšç¬¬ïŒã®å åŠå®å®ç¶æ ãããªãåå®å®ç¶æ ã
æããåŸã€ãŠåè¿°ã®TNåã®æ¶²æ¶ã§çšããããå
åŠå€èª¿çŽ åãšã¯ç°ãªããäŸãã°äžæ¹ã®é»çãã¯ã
ã«ã«å¯ŸããŠç¬¬ïŒã®å åŠçå®å®ç¶æ ã«æ¶²æ¶ãé å
ããä»æ¹ã®é»çãã¯ãã³ã«å¯ŸããŠã¯ç¬¬ïŒã®å åŠç
å®å®ç¶æ ã«æ¶²æ¶ãé åããããåãã®åã®æ¶²æ¶
ã¯ãå ããããé»çã«å¿çããŠã極ããŠéããã«
äžèšïŒã€ã®å®å®ç¶æ ã®ãããããåããäžã€é»ç
ã®å°å ã®ãªããšãã¯ãã®ç¶æ ãç¶æããæ§è³ªãæ
ããããã®æ§ãªæ§è³ªãå©çšããããšã«ãããäžè¿°
ããåŸæ¥ã®TNåçŽ åã®åé¡ç¹ã®å€ãã«å¯ŸããŠã
ããªãæ¬è³ªçãªæ¹åãåŸãããã ãçºæã解決ããããšããåé¡ç¹ã ããããªãããåŸæ¥ã®åå®å®æ§ãæãã匷èªé»
æ§æ¶²æ¶çŽ åã«ãããŠã¯ã液æ¶ã®åäžãªé åç¶æ ã
å¿ ãããæºè¶³ã«åœ¢æãããªãã€ãçºã«ãå åãªç¹
æ§ãåŸãããªãã€ãã®ãå®æ ã§ããããã®çºãã
ããŸã§ã«ã©ãã³ã°åŠçãææ¹èžçåŠçããé¢ã®å
åšäžã§åå®å®æ§ã瀺ã匷èªé»æ§æ¶²æ¶ãåäžãªé å
ç¶æ ã«é åãããããšããæ¹æ³ãææ¡ãããŠã
ããæ¬çºæè ãã¯ãæ¢ã«äžè¿°ã®ã©ãã³ã°åŠçãæ
æ¹èžçåŠçãæœããåºæ¿ãçšããäºã«ãã€ãŠãå
äžãªé åç¶æ ããã€åå®å®æ§åŒ·èªé»æ§æ¶²æ¶ãåŸã
ããããšã¯å€æããŠããã ããããªãããæ¬çºæè ãã®å®éšã«ããã°åè¿°
ããåå®å®ç¶æ ãå¿ ãããã¯ã©ãŒã¯ãšã©ã¬ãŒãŠãª
ã«ã«ãã€ãŠçºè¡šãããåæ²ã®æç®çã§ç€ºãããç
æ³çãªåå®å®ç¶æ ãæããªãããšãå€æããã ããªãã¡ãã¯ã©ãŒã¯ãšã©ã¬ãŒãŠãªã«ã®ããã°å
å®å®æ§ãå®çŸããéãããæ§é ã®ã«ã€ã©ã«ã¹ã¡ã¯
ããã¯çžã§ã®ãã«ãè§ïŒåŸè¿°ã®ç¬¬ïŒå³ã«ç€ºãè§åºŠ
ΞïŒããããæ§é ããã€ã«ã€ã©ã«ã¹ã¡ã¯ããã¯çž
ã§ã®ãã«ãè§ïŒåŸè¿°ã®ç¬¬ïŒå³ã«ç€ºãäžè§éã®é è§
ïŒãšåäžã®è§åºŠããã€ã¯ãã§ããããå®éã«ã¯
éãããæ§é ã§ã®ãã«ãè§Îžã®æ¹ããããæ§é ã§
ã®ãã«ãè§ããå°ãããªã€ãŠãããããããã
ã®éãããæ§é ã§ã®ãã«ãè§Îžããããæ§é ã§ã®
ãã«ãè§ããå°ãããªãåå ãéãããæ§é ã§
ã®æ¶²æ¶ååã®ãããé åã«åž°å ããŠããããšãå€
æãããã€ãŸããéãããæ§é ããã€ã«ã€ã©ã«ã¹
ã¡ã¯ããã¯çžã§ã¯ã液æ¶ååã第ïŒå³ã«ç€ºãæ§ã«
åºæ¿ã®æ³ç·ã«å¯ŸããŠäžåºæ¿ã«é£æ¥ãã液æ¶ååã®
軞ïŒïŒããäžåºæ¿ã«é£æ¥ãã液æ¶ååã®è»žïŒïŒ
ïŒãããé åã®æ¹åïŒïŒïŒãžé£ç¶çã«ãããè§ÎŽ
ã§ããããŠé åããŠããããã®ããšãéãããæ§
é ã§ã®ãã«ãè§Îžããããæ§é ã§ã®ãã«ãè§ïŒšã
ãå°ãããªãåå ãšãªã€ãŠããã å°ãå³äžïŒïŒã¯äžäžåºæ¿ã«åœ¢æããã©ãã³ã°åŠ
çãææ¹èžçåŠçã«ãã€ãŠåŸãããäžè»žæ§é å軞
ãè¡šãããŠããã ãšããã§ã液æ¶ã®è€å±æãå©çšãã液æ¶çŽ åã®
å ŽåãçŽäº€ãã³ã«äžã§ã®ééçã¯ã ïŒIoïŒsin24Ξsin2â³ndïŒÎ»Ï åŒäžïŒIoã¯å ¥å°å 匷床ãã¯ééå 匷床ãΞã¯
ãã«ãè§ãâ³ïœã¯å±æçç°æ¹æ§ãïœã¯æ¶²æ¶å±€ã®è
åãλïŒå ¥å°å ã®æ³¢é·ã§ãã ã§è¡šãããããåè¿°ã®éãããæ§é ã«ããããã«
ãΞã¯ç¬¬ïŒãšç¬¬ïŒã®é åç¶æ ã§ã®ãããé åãã
液æ¶ååã®å¹³ååå軞æ¹åã®è§åºŠãšããŠçŸããã
ããšã«ãªããäžåŒã«ããã°ãããããã«ãΞã
22.5°ã®è§åºŠã®ææ倧ã®ééçãšãªãããåå®å®
æ§ãå®çŸããéãããæ§é ã§ã®ãã«ãè§Îžã¯å€§ã
ããŠ10°çšåºŠã®è§åºŠã§ãããåŸã€ãŠè¡šç€ºè£ 眮ãšã
ãŠã®é©çšãèæ ®ããæã«ã¯ãã®ééçã¯ïŒãïŒïŒ
çšåºŠã§ååãªãã®ãšã¯ãªããªãåé¡ãããã åŸã€ãŠãæ¬çºæã®ç®çã¯ãåè¿°ã®åé¡ç¹ã解決
ããããšãããªãã¡å°ãªããšãïŒã€ã®å®å®ç¶æ ã
å®çŸããéãããæ§é ã®ã«ã€ã©ã«ã¹ã¡ã¯ããã¯çž
ã§ã®ãã«ãè§ãå¢å€§ããããã«ãã€ãŠç»çŽ ã·ã€ã
ã¿éå£æã®ééçãåäžããã液æ¶çŽ åãæäŸã
ãããšã«ããã ãåé¡ç¹ã解決ããããã®æ段ãåã³ãäœçšã æ¬çºæã®ãããç®çã¯ãäžè»žæ§é å軞ããã€åº
æ¿ãïŒææããŠããã該ïŒæã®åºæ¿éã«å°ãªããš
ãïŒã€ã®å®å®ç¶æ ããã€åŒ·èªé»æ§æ¶²æ¶ãé 眮ãã
ã»ã«æ§é ãæãã液æ¶çŽ åã«ãããŠãåèšïŒæã®
åºæ¿ãåèšåŒ·èªé»æ§æ¶²æ¶ãšæ¥ããé¢ã§äºãã«ç°ãª
ãé åèŠå¶åããã€äžè»žæ§é å軞ãæããŠãããš
ãšãã«ãããããã®äžè»žæ§é å軞ãäºãã«äº€å·®ã
ãŠãã液æ¶çŽ åã«ãã€ãŠéæããããæ¬çºæã®å¥œ
ãŸããå ·äœäŸã§ã¯ãåèšåŒ·èªé»æ§æ¶²æ¶ã®ååãïŒ
æã®åºæ¿ã«ä»äžããäžè»žæ§é å軞ã®æ¹åãäºãã«
åäžãšããäžã€ç¡é»çæã«ãåºæ¿ã®æ³ç·ã«æ²¿ã€ãŠ
ããããŠé åããåŸåãæããŠããæããã®ãã
ãé åã®æ¹åãšå察æ¹åã®è§åºŠã§äºãã«é åèŠå¶
åãçžéããäžè»žæ§é å軞ã亀差ãããããšã«ã
ã€ãŠãäžè¿°ãããã«ãè§ãå¢å€§ãããããšãã§ã
ãã åè¿°ã®ãããé åã«ãããããè§åã³ãããæ¹
åã¯ã液æ¶ãšåºæ¿ã®è¡šé¢ç¶æ ã«ãã€ãŠæ±ºãŸããã
ãã®æäžè¿°ã®ãããé åã®ãããæ¹åãšã¯å察æ¹
åããªãè§åºŠã§äº€å·®ãããäžè»žæ§é å軞ãçšãã
äºã«ãããããããããé åã解æ¶ããäºãã§ã
ããããããããé åã解æ¶ãã液æ¶çŽ åã§ã¯çŽ
亀ãã³ã«äžã§æ倧ã®ééçïŒé®å çã³ã³ãã©ã¹ã
ãåŸãããããããããé åã®åå®å®ç¶æ ããã€
ãŠãã液æ¶çŽ åã§ã¯éçŽäº€ãã³ã«äžã§æ倧ã®ã³ã³
ãã©ã¹ããåŸããããããã®æ芳å¯æ¹åã«ãã€ãŠ
ãã®ã³ã³ãã©ã¹ããçžéããŠããŸãèŠéè§äŸåæ§
ãæããŠããããããããããé åã®è§£æ¶ãšãšã
ã«ãäžè¿°ã®èŠéè§äŸåæ§ãã解æ¶ããäºãã§ã
ãã ãå®æœäŸã 第ïŒå³ã¯ããããæ§é ãçšãã匷èªé»æ§æ¶²æ¶ã»
ã«ã®åãæš¡åŒçã«æãããã®ã§ãããïŒïŒïœãšïŒ
ïŒïœã¯ãIn2O3ïŒSnO2ãITOïŒIndium Tin
OxideïŒçã®éæé»æ¥µãã³ãŒããããåºæ¿ïŒã¬ã©
ã¹æ¿ïŒã§ããããã®éã«æ¶²æ¶ååå±€ïŒïŒãã¬ã©ã¹
é¢ã«åçŽã«ãªãæ§ã«é åããSmCïŒïŒã«ã€ã©ã«
ã¹ã¡ã¯ããã¯ïŒ£çžïŒã®æ¶²æ¶ã¯å°å ¥ãããŠããã倪
ç·ã§ç€ºããç·ïŒïŒã液æ¶ååãè¡šãããŠãããã
ã®æ¶²æ¶ååïŒïŒã¯ããã®ååã«çŽäº€ããæ¹åã«å
極åã¢ãŒã¡ã³ãïŒïŒ°â¥ïŒïŒïŒãæããŠããããã®
æã®äžè§éã®çŽè§ããªãè§åºŠãããããããæ§é
ã®ã«ã€ã©ã«ã¹ã¡ã¯ããã¯çžã§ã®ãã«ãè§ãè¡šã
ããŠãããåºæ¿ïŒïŒïœãšïŒïŒïœäžã®é»æ¥µéã«äžå®
ã®éŸå€ä»¥äžã®é»å§ãå°å ãããšã液æ¶ååïŒïŒã®
ãããæ§é ãã»ã©ããå極åã¢ãŒã¡ã³ãïŒïŒ°â¥ïŒ
ïŒïŒã¯ãã¹ãŠé»çæ¹åã«åãããã液æ¶ååïŒïŒ
ã®é åæ¹åãå€ããäºãã§ããã液æ¶ååïŒïŒã¯
现é·ã圢ç¶ãæããŠããããã®é·è»žæ¹åãšç軞æ¹
åã§å±æ²çç°æ¹æ§ã瀺ããåŸã€ãŠäŸãã°ã¬ã©ã¹é¢
ã®äžäžã«äºãã«ã¯ãã¹ãã³ã«ã®äœçœ®é¢ä¿ã«é 眮ã
ãåå åã眮ãã°ãé»å§å°å 極æ§ã«ãã€ãŠå åŠç¹
æ§ãå€ãã液æ¶å åŠå€èª¿çŽ åãšãªãäºã¯å®¹æã«ç
解ããããæŽã«æ¶²æ¶ã»ã«ã®åããå åã«èããã
å ŽåãïŒäŸãã°1ÎŒïŒã«ã¯ã第ïŒå³ã«ç€ºãæ§ã«é»ç
ãå°å ããŠããªãç¶æ ã§ã液æ¶ååã®ãããæ§é
ã¯ã»ã©ããéãããæ§é ãšãªãããã®å極åã¢ãŒ
ã¡ã³ãPaåã¯Pbã¯äžåãïŒïŒïœåã¯äžåãïŒïŒ
ïœã®ã©ã¡ããã®ç¶æ ããšããåå®å®ç¶æ ã圢æã
ããããã®æ§ãªã»ã«ã«ç¬¬ïŒå³ã«ç€ºãåŠãäžå®ã®éŸ
å€ä»¥äžã®æ¥µæ§ã®ç°ãé»çEaåã¯Ebãä»äžãããšã
å極åã¢ãŒã¡ã³ãé»çEaåã¯Ebã¯é»çãã¯ãã«
ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããŠäžåãïŒïŒïœåã¯ãäžåãïŒïŒïœãšå
ããå€ããããã«å¿ããŠæ¶²æ¶ååã¯ç¬¬ïŒã®å®å®ç¶
æ ïŒïŒïœãæãã¯ç¬¬ïŒã®å®å®ç¶æ ïŒïŒïœã®äœãã
äžæ¹ã«é åããããã®æã®ç¬¬ïŒãšç¬¬ïŒã®å®å®ç¶æ
ã®ãªãè§åºŠã®1/2ããã«ãè§Îžã«çžåœããŠããã ãã®æ§ãªåŒ·èªé»æ§æ¶²æ¶ãå åŠå€èª¿çŽ åãšããŠçš
ããããšã®å©ç¹ã¯ïŒã€ããã第ïŒã«å¿çé床ã極
ããŠéãããšã第ïŒã«æ¶²æ¶ååã®é åãåå®å®æ§
ãæããããšã§ããã第ïŒã®ç¹ãäŸãã°ç¬¬ïŒå³ã«
ãã€ãŠèª¬æãããšãé»çEaãå°å ãããšæ¶²æ¶å
åã¯ç¬¬ïŒã®å®å®ç¶æ ïŒïŒïœã«é åãããããã®ç¶
æ ã¯é»çãåã€ãŠãå®å®ã§ãããåãéåãã®é»
çEbãå°å ãããšã液æ¶ååã¯ç¬¬ïŒã®å®å®ç¶æ
ïŒïŒïœã«é åããŠããã®ååã®åããå€ãããã
ãã¯ãé»çãåã€ãŠããã®ç¶æ ã«çã€ãŠããã
åãäžããé»çEaãäžå®ã®éŸå€ãè¶ããªãéã
倫ã ã®é åç¶æ ã«ãã¯ãç¶æãããŠããããã®æ§
ãªå¿çé床ã®éããšãåå®å®æ§ãæå¹ã«å®çŸãã
ãã«ã¯ãã»ã«ãšããŠã¯åºæ¥ãã ãèãæ¹ã奜ãŸã
ããäžè¬çã«ã¯0.5ÎŒã20ÎŒãç¹ã«1ÎŒã5ÎŒãé©ããŠ
ããããã®çš®ã®åŒ·èªé»æ§æ¶²æ¶ãçšãããããªã¯ã¹
é»æ¥µæ§é ãæãã液æ¶âé»æ°å åŠè£ 眮ã¯ãäŸãã°
ã¯ã©ãŒã¯ãšã©ã¬ãã«ã«ãããç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬4367924
å·æ现æžã§ææ¡ãããŠããã ãŸããæ¬çºæã§ã¯åè¿°ããåå®å®æ§åŒ·èªé»æ§æ¶²
æ¶ã®ä»ã«ããã以äžã®å®å®ç¶æ ããã€åŒ·èªé»æ§æ¶²
æ¶çŽ åã«ãæäŸããããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã®æ¶²æ¶çŽ åã§çšããããšãã§ãã匷èªé»
æ§æ¶²æ¶ãšããŠã¯ãäŸãã°äŸãã°ïœâãã·ããã·ã
ã³ãžãªãã³âpâ²âã¢ããâïŒâã¡ãã«ããã«ã·ã³
ãã¡ãŒãïŒDOBAMBCïŒãïœâããã·ããã·ã
ã³ãžãªãã³âpâ²âã¢ããâïŒâã¯ãã«ãããã«ã·
ã³ãã¡ãŒãïŒHOBACPCïŒãïœâãã·ããã·ãã³
ãžãªãã³âpâ²âã¢ããâïŒâã¡ãã«ããã«âαâ
ã·ã¢ãã·ã³ãã¡ãŒãïŒDOBAMBCCïŒãïœâãã
ã©ãã·ããã·ãã³ãžãªãã³âpâ²âã¢ããâïŒâã¡
ãã«ããã«âαâã·ã¢ãã·ã³ãã¡ãŒã
ïŒTDOBAMBCCïŒãïœâãªã¯ãã«ãªãã·ãã³ãž
ãªãã³âpâ²âã¢ããâïŒâã¡ãã«ããã«âαâã¯
ããã·ã³ãã¡ãŒãïŒOOBAMBCCïŒãïœâãªã¯ã
ã«ãªãã·ãã³ãžãªãã³âpâ²âã¢ããâïŒâã¡ãã«
ããã«âαâã¡ãã«ã·ã³ãã¡ãŒããïŒïŒ4â²âã¢ãŸ
ãã·ã·ã³ãããã¯ã¢ã·ããâãã¹ïŒïŒâã¡ãã«ã
ãã«ïŒãšã¹ãã«ãïŒâïœâïŒïŒâã¡ãã«ïŒããã«
ã¬ãŸã«ã·ãªãã³â4â²âãªã¯ãã«ã¢ããªã³ãïŒâ
ïŒ2â²âã¡ãã«ããã«ïŒããšãã«â4â²âãªã¯ãã«ãª
ãã·ãããšã«âïŒâã«ã«ããã·ã¬ãŒããïŒâãã
ã·ã«ãªãã·ããšãã«âïŒâïŒ2â³âã¡ãã«ããã«ïŒ
ãããšãã«â4â²âã«ã«ããã·ã¬ãŒããïŒâãªã¯ã
ã«ãªãã·ããšãã«âïŒâïŒ2â³âã¡ãã«ããã«ïŒã
ããšãã«â4â²âã«ã«ããã·ã¬ãŒããïŒâãããã«
ããšãã«âïŒâïŒ4â³âã¡ãã«ããã·ã«ïŒãããšã
ã«â4â²âã«ã«ããã·ã¬ãŒããïŒâïŒ2â³âã¡ãã«ã
ãã«ïŒããšãã«âïŒâïŒ4â³âã¡ãã«ããã·ã«ïŒã
ããšãã«â4â²âã«ã«ããã·ã¬ãŒããªã©ãæããã
ãšãã§ãããããã¯åç¬ãŸãã¯ïŒçš®ä»¥äžçµåããŠ
çšããããšãã§ãããŸã匷èªé»æ§ã瀺ãç¯å²ã§ä»
ã®ã³ã¬ã¹ããªãã¯æ¶²æ¶ãã¹ã¡ã¯ããã¯æ¶²æ¶ãå«æ
ãããããšãã§ããã åãæ¬çºæã§ã¯åŒ·èªé»æ§æ¶²æ¶ãšããŠã«ã€ã©ã«ã¹
ã¡ãã¯ããã¯çžãçšããäºãã§ããå ·äœçã«ã¯ã
ã«ã€ã©ã«ã¹ã¡ãã¯ããã¯ïŒ£çžïŒSmCïŒïŒïŒïŒšçž
ïŒSmHïŒïŒïŒïŒ©çžïŒSmIïŒïŒïŒïŒ«çžïŒSmKïŒïŒã
çžïŒSmGïŒïŒãçšããããšãã§ããã 第ïŒå³ã¯ãæ¬çºæã®æ¶²æ¶çŽ åã®æ æ§ãæš¡åŒçã«
è¡šãããå¹³é¢å³ã§ãããæ¬çºæã®æ¶²æ¶çŽ åã¯ãäž
åºæ¿ãšäžåºæ¿ã«åœ¢æããäžè»žæ§é ååŠçé¢ã§ã¯ã
ç¡é»çæã«ããããã®äžè»žæ§é å軞ïŒïŒãšïŒïŒã
第ïŒå³ã«ç€ºããããé åã®æ¹åïŒïŒãšã¯å察æ¹å
ïŒïŒã®è§åºŠã§äº€å·®ããŠããã第ïŒå³ã¯ãæ¬çºæã®
液æ¶çŽ åã®ïŒã€ã®æ æ§ãè¡šããæé¢å³ã§ãããå°
ãªããšãïŒã€ã®å®å®ç¶æ ããã€åŒ·èªé»æ§æ¶²æ¶ïŒïŒ
ãäžå¯Ÿã®äžäžåºæ¿ïŒïŒãšïŒïŒã®éã«é 眮ãããŠã
ãããã®åŒ·èªé»æ§æ¶²æ¶ïŒïŒã¯äžäžåºæ¿ïŒïŒãšïŒïŒ
ã«åœ¢æããé åå¶åŸ¡èïŒïŒãšïŒïŒãšã®ãã€ãŠé å
èŠå¶ãããããŸããå³äžïŒïŒãšïŒïŒã¯ããããé
æé»æ¥µã§ãã€ãŠãããªãªã¹æ§é ã§é 眮ãããŠã
ãã åè¿°ã®äžè»žæ§é å軞ïŒïŒãšïŒïŒã®åŒ·èªé»æ§æ¶²æ¶
ååã«å¯Ÿããé åèŠå¶åã¯ãäºãã«çžéããŠã
ããïŒã€ã®äžè»žæ§é å軞ïŒïŒãšïŒïŒã®é åèŠå¶å
ãçžéãããã«ã¯ã倫ã ã®åºæ¿ã«æœãé ååŠçæ³
ãçžéãããæ¹æ³ãå ·äœçã«ã¯äžè»žæ§é å軞ïŒïŒ
ãããªã€ããèãããªããã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«èã«ã©ã
ã³ã°åŠçãæœãäºã«ãã€ãŠä»äžããä»æ¹ã®äžè»žæ§
é å軞ïŒïŒãSiOãSiO2ã®ææ¹èžçã«ãã€ãŠã¯ä»
äžããæ¹æ³ãçšããããšãã§ããããã®ä»ãæ¬çº
æã§ã¯ãé ååŠçæ³ãšããŠææ¹ãšããã³ã°ã«ãã€
ãŠãäžè»žæ§é å軞ãä»äžããããšãã§ããã ãŸããïŒã€ã®äžè»žæ§é å軞ïŒïŒãšïŒïŒã®é åèŠ
å¶åãçžéãããæ¹æ³ãšããŠã第ïŒå³ã«ç€ºãé å
å¶åŸ¡èïŒïŒãšïŒïŒã圢æããŠãã被èèªäœããã
ããçžéãããæ¹æ³ãçšããããšãã§ãããå ·äœ
çã«ã¯ãé åå¶åŸ¡èïŒïŒãããªã€ããèã§åœ¢æ
ãããã®è¡šé¢ãã©ãã³ã°åŠçã«ãã€ãŠäžè»žæ§é å
軞ïŒïŒãä»äžããä»æ¹ã®é åå¶åŸ¡èïŒïŒãããªã
ãã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«èã§åœ¢æãããã®è¡šé¢ãã©ãã³ã°
åŠçã«ãã€ãŠäžè»žæ§é å軞ïŒïŒãä»äžããæ¹æ³ã
çšããããšãã§ããããã®æ§ãªäºãã«çžéãã被
èã§åœ¢æããé åå¶åŸ¡èïŒïŒãšïŒïŒã¯ãåè¿°ã®çµ
åãã®ä»ã«ãä»ã®çµåãã«ãã€ãŠãåŸãããšãã§
ãããåè¿°ãã被èã®ä»ã«ãæ¬çºæã§ã¯ãé åå¶
埡èïŒïŒãšïŒïŒã®è¢«èãšããŠããªã¢ããã€ããã
ããªãšã¹ãã«ã€ãããããªãã©ãã·ãªã¬ã³ãããª
ãšã¹ãã«ãããªã«ãããŒããããªããã«ã¢ã»ã¿ãŒ
ã«ãããªå¡©åããã«ãããªé ¢é žããã«ãããªã¢ã
ããããªã¹ãã¬ã³ãã»ã«ããŒã¹æš¹èãã¡ã©ãã³æš¹
èããŠãªã€æš¹èãã¢ã¯ãªã«æš¹èãããªãã¬ãžã¹ã
æš¹èãªã©ã®ææ©æš¹èé¡ãŸãã¯SiOïŒSiO2ãTiO2
çã®ç¡æ©ç©è³ªã§åœ¢æãã被èãçšããããšãã§
ãããã®éã®é åå¶åŸ¡èïŒïŒãšïŒïŒã圢æãã被
èãäºãã«çžéãããäºãã§ããã æ¬çºæã®ãããããïŒã€ã®å¥œãŸããæ¹æ³ã¯ãé
åå¶åŸ¡èïŒïŒãšïŒïŒã圢æããŠãã被èãåäžçš®
é¡ã®ãã®ãšããããã«ããã®è¡šæãåäžã®é ååŠ
çæ³ã«ãã€ãŠäžè»žæ§é å軞ãä»äžããåŸãäžæ¹ã®
äžè»žæ§é å軞ãä»äžãããŠããé åå¶åŸ¡èã«äŸã
ã°ã·ã©ã³ã«ãããªã³ã°å€ããã¿ã³ã«ãããªã³ã°
å€ãã¢ã«ãããŠã ã«ãããªã³ã°å€ãã€ã³ãžãŠã ã«
ãããªã³ã°å€ããžã«ã³ããŠã ã«ãããªã³ã°å€ãªã©
ã®åçš®ã«ãããªã³ã°å€ã§è¢«è圢æããé åæå¶è
ãèšããããšã«ãã€ãŠãäžè»žæ§é å軞ïŒïŒãšïŒïŒ
ã®é åèŠå¶åãäºãã«çžéãããããšãã§ããã ã·ã©ã³ã«ãããªã³ã°å€ãšããŠã¯ããªã«ã¬ãã·ã©
ã³ååç©ãçšããããšãã§ããããªã«ã¬ãã·ã©ã³
ååç©ãšããŠã¯ãäžè¬åŒRnSiX4âïœã§è¡šããã
ããã®ã奜ãŸãããäžè¬åŒäžã®ïœã¯ïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒã§
ãããã¯äŸãã°å¡©çŽ ååãèçŽ ååãªã©ã®ãã
ã²ã³ååãã¡ããã·ããšããã·ãããããã·ãã
ããã·ãªã©ã®ã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºãŸãã¯ã¢ã»ããã·ãªã©
ã®ã¢ã·ããã·åºããã®ä»ã®å æ°Žå解æ§å®èœåºã§ã
ããåŒäžãã¯ã¡ãã«ããšãã«ããããã«ããã
ã«ãªã©ã®é£œåã®ããŸãã¯ããã«ãã¢ã«ã±ãã«ãªã©
ã®äžé£œåã®èèªæçåæ°ŽçŽ åºããŸãã¯ããšãã«ã
ãããã«ãªã©ã®è³éŠæçåæ°ŽçŽ åºã§ããããã®ç
åæ°ŽçŽ åºã«ã¯ããã«ãã¢ã«ã±ãã«ãªã©ã®äžé£œå
åºãããããã·åºãã«ã«ããã«åºãããã²ã³å
åãã¢ããåºããã®ä»ã®å®èœæ§ææ©åºã§çœ®æãã
ãŠãããã å ·äœçãªååç©äŸãäžèšã«åæããã ååç©äŸ (3) H2ïŒCH2ïŒ2NHïŒOH2ïŒ3SiïŒOCH3ïŒ3 (4) CH3âNHïŒCH2ïŒ3SiïŒOCH3ïŒ3 (5) CH2ïŒCHSiCl3 (6) CH2ïŒCHSiïŒOC2H5ïŒ3 (7) CH2ïŒCHSiïŒOC2H4OCH3ïŒ3 (9) ClïŒCH2ïŒ3SiïŒOCH3ïŒ3 (10) HSïŒCH2ïŒ3SiïŒOCH3ïŒ3 (11) H2ïŒCH2ïŒ3SiïŒOC2H5ïŒ3 é åæå¶èã¯ããªã«ã¬ãã·ã©ã³ååç©ãå«æã
ãå¡åžæ¶²ãäžè»žæ§é å軞ãä»äžãããé åå¶éè
ã®äžã«å¡åžããããšã«ãã€ãŠåŸãããšãã§ããã
ãã®éããªã«ã¬ãã·ã©ã³ååç©ã¯ãã¡ã¿ããŒã«ã
ãšã¿ããŒã«ãã€ãœãããã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ããã¿ããŒ
ã«çã®ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ç³»æº¶å€ãã¢ã»ãã³ãã¡ãã«ãšã
ã«ã±ãã³çã®ã±ãã³ç³»æº¶å€ãäž»äœãšããå¡åžæ¶²äž
ã«ïŒã5wtïŒ ã®å²åã§å«æãããŠããããšã奜ãŸ
ããã åè¿°ãããã¿ã³ã«ãããªã³ã°å€ãšããŠã¯äžè¿°ã®
ææ©ãã¿ã³ååç©ãçšããäºãã§ãããææ©ãã¿
ã³ååç©ãšããŠã¯ãäžè¬åŒTiïŒORïŒ4ïŒäœããOR
ã¯ããããã·åºãã«ã«ããã·åºãã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºã
è¡šããïŒã奜ãŸãããå ·äœçã«ã¯ãããã©âã€ãœ
ããããã·ãã¿ã³ãããã©âãã«ãã«ãããã·ã
ã¿ã³ãããã©ãã¹ïŒïŒïŒãšãã«ãããœãã·ïŒãã¿
ã³ãããã©ã¹ãã¢ããã·ãã¿ã³ããžã€ãœããã·â
ãã¹ïŒã¢ã»ãã«ã¢ã»ãããŒãïŒãã¿ã³ããžâãã«
ãã¹ãããã·âãã¹ïŒãã·ãªãšã¿ããŒã«ã¢ãããŒ
ãïŒãã¿ã³çãæããããã åãåè¿°ãããžã«ã³ããŠã ã«ãããªã³ã°å€ãã¢
ã«ãããŠã ã«ãããªã³ã°å€åã³ã€ã³ãžãŠã ã«ãã
ãªã³ã°å€ãšããŠã¯ãããããäžè¿°ã®ææ©ãžã«ã³ã
ãŠã ååç©ãææ©ã¢ã«ãããŠã ååç©ãšææ©ã€ã³
ãžãŠã ååç©ãçšããããšãã§ãããå ·äœçã«
ã¯ãææ©ãžã«ã³ããŠã ååç©ãšããŠã¯ãZrïŒïœâ
OC3H7ïŒ4ãZrïŒOC4H9ïŒ4ãZrïŒOC5H11ïŒ4ãZrïŒOC8
H17ïŒ4ãZrïŒOC9H19ïŒ4çã®æ§ãªäžè¬åŒZrïŒORïŒ4
ïŒäœããORã¯ã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºïŒã§è¡šããããã¢ã«
ã³ãã·ã¿ã€ãã®ãã®ããZrïŒCH3COCHCOCH3ïŒ4
ã®æ§ãªãã¬ãŒãã¿ã€ãã®ãã®ãæããããåãæ
æ©ã¢ã«ãããŠã ååç©ãšããŠã¯ãã¢ã«ãããŠã ã
ã¬ãŒãååç©ã奜ãŸãããå ·äœçã«äžèšäžè¬åŒã«
ãã€ãŠç€ºãããã äžè¬åŒ åŒäžR1ïŒR2åã³R3ã¯ã¡ãã«ããšãã«ãïœâã
ããã«ãïœâãããã«ãïœâããã«ãsecâãã
ã«ãïœâã¢ãã«ãïœâããã·ã«ãïœâãªã¯ãã«ã
ïœâããã«ãªã©ã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºãè¡šãããŠããã代
è¡šçãªååç©ãšããŠã¯ãã¢ã»ãã¢ã«ã³ãã·ã¢ã«ã
ããŠã ãžã€ãœãããã¬ãŒããæããããšãã§ã
ããåãææ©ã€ã³ãžãŠã ååç©ãšããŠã¯ãäžè¬åŒ
InïŒORïŒ3ïŒäœããORã¯ããããã·åºãã«ã«ãã
ã·åºãã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºãè¡šããïŒã®ãã®ã奜ãŸã
ããå ·äœçã«ã¯ãInïŒOC2H5ïŒ3ãInïŒOC3H7ïŒ3ã
ïŒOC5H11ïŒ3ãInïŒOC8H17ïŒãInïŒOC9H19ïŒãæã
ãããããã®æ§ãªé åèŠå¶åãäºãã«çžéããŠã
ãäžè»žæ§é å軞ïŒïŒãšïŒïŒãä»äžãããŠããäžè»ž
æ§é ååŠçé¢ã®ååšäžã«ã«ã€ã©ã«ã¹ã¡ã¯ããã¯çž
ã該çžããé«æž©åŽã®çžããã®éæž©ã§é åãããæ
ã«ãäžäžåºæ¿ã«é£æ¥ãã液æ¶ååã®è»žïŒïŒã¯äºã
ã«å¹³è¡ãšãªãããã®ã«ã€ã©ã«ã¹ã¡ã¯ããã¯çžã§ã¯
éæž©äžã§äžè»žæ§é å軞ïŒïŒãšïŒïŒã®äžéã®è§åºŠã
ãã€ãŠé åããã¹ã¡ã¯ããã¯ïŒ¡çžïŒSmAïŒã§ã®
液æ¶ååã®è»žïŒïŒãããã«ãè§ÎžïŒåã¯âΞïŒã
ãã€ãŠæ¶²æ¶ååãé åãã第ïŒãšç¬¬ïŒã®å®å®ç¶æ
ïŒãã«ãè§Îžã®ãšã第ïŒã®å®å®ç¶æ ããã«ãè§â
Ξã®æ第ïŒã®å®å®ç¶æ ïŒã圢æããããšãã§ã
ãã ãã®æ¶²æ¶çŽ åã§ã¯ãçŽäº€ãã³ã«ã®äžæ¹ã®åå 軞
ïŒïŒã第ïŒã®å®å®ç¶æ ã«ãããåå軞æ¹åã«å¯Ÿå¿
ãã液æ¶ååã®è»žïŒïŒãšå¹³è¡ããŠãä»æ¹ã®åå 軞
ïŒïŒãåå 軞ïŒïŒãšçŽäº€ãããæã«æ倧ã³ã³ãã©
ã¹ããåŸãããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã®å¥œãŸããå ·äœäŸã§ã¯ã亀æµå°å ååŠç
ã«ããåè¿°ãããã«ãΞããããæ§é ã§ã®ãã«ã
ãšçãããããããã¯åçšåºŠã®è§åºŠãŸã§å¢å€§ã
ããããšãã§ããããã®æã®ãã«ãè§ãΞâ²ãšã
ãããã®éã«çšãã亀æµãšããŠã¯ãé»å§20ã500
ãã«ãã奜ãŸããã¯30ã150ãã«ãã§åšæ³¢æ°10ã
500Hzã奜ãŸããã¯10ã200Hzãçšããããšãã§
ãããã®å°å æéãç§æ°ã10åéçšåºŠã§äº€æµå°å
ååŠçãæœãããšãã§ãããåãããã亀æµå°å
ååŠçã¯ã液æ¶çŽ åãäŸãã°æ åä¿¡å·ãæ å ±ä¿¡å·
ã«å¿ããŠæžèŸŒã¿ãè¡ãåã®æ®µéã§è¡ããã奜ãŸã
ãã¯ããã液æ¶çŽ åãè£ çœ®ã«çµèŸŒã¿ããããè£ çœ®
ãæäœããæã®ãŠãšã€ãã¿ã€ã ã§åè¿°ã®äº€æµå°å
ååŠçãè¡ããããããã¯ããã液æ¶çŽ åã®è£œé
æã§ã亀æµå°å ååŠçãæœãããšãã§ããã ããã亀æµå°å ååŠçã¯ãæ¬çºæè ããè¡ã€ã
å®éšãå³ã¡ç¬¬ïŒå³ã«ç€ºãåå®å®ç¶æ ããã€åŒ·èªé»
æ§æ¶²æ¶çŽ åã«äº€æµé»å Žãå°å ãããšãå°å åã®ã
ã«ãè§Îžããããæ§é ã§ã®ãã«ããšåçšåºŠã«ãŸ
ã§å¢å€§ããããã«ãè§Îžâ²ãšããäºãã§ããããã
ããã亀æµå°å ãé€å»ããåŸã§ãã€ãŠããã®å¢å€§
ããããã«ãè§Îžâ²ãç¶æã§ããäºãèŠãåºããç¹
ã«åºã¥ãããã®ã§ãããåãããã亀æµå°å ååŠ
çã¯ãèªçºå極ã®å€§ãã匷èªé»æ§æ¶²æ¶ïŒäŸãã°25
âã§5ncïŒcm2以äžã奜ãŸããã¯10ncïŒcm2ã
300ncïŒcm2ïŒncã¯ããã¯ãŒãã³ã瀺ãåäœã§ã
ãïŒã«å¯ŸããŠæå¹ã§ããããã®èªçºå極ã¯100ÎŒ
ã»ã«ã§äžè§æ³¢å°å æ³ãã«ãã枬å®ããããšãã§ã
ããããžã€ãããŒãºã»ãžã€ãŒãã«ã»ãªãã»ã¢ãã©
ã€ãã»ãã€ãžã€ãã¯ã¹ïŒJapanese Journal of
Applied PhysicsïŒ22ïŒ10ïŒå·ã661ã663é
ïŒ1983幎ïŒã«æ²èŒãããã±ãŒã»ãã€ãµãïŒK.
MiyasatoïŒãã®å ±èã®âãã€ã¬ã¯ãã»ã¡ãœã
ãã»ãŠã€ãºã»ãã©ã€ã¢ã³ã°ã©ãŒã»ãŠãšãŒããºã»ã
ãªãŒã»ã¡ãžã€ãŒãªã³ã°ã»ã¹ãã³ã¿ãã¹ã»ããŒã¿ãª
ãŒãŒã·ãšã³ã»ã€ã³ã»ããšããšã¬ã¯ããªãã¯ã»ãªã
ããã»ã¯ãªã¹ã¿ã«âïŒâDirect Method with
Triangular Waves for Measuring
Spontaneous Polarization in Ferroelectric
Liquid CrystalâïŒã«ããã 以äžãæ¬çºæã®è©³çŽ°ãªå ·äœäŸã瀺ãã å®æœäŸ ïŒ ãŸãã液æ¶çŽ åã«ãããåºæ¿ã®æ³ç·æ¹åã«å¯Ÿã
ã液æ¶ååã®ãããé åæ¹åãç¥ãããã«ãçŽ
3ÎŒmã®æ¶²æ¶èåããã€æ¶²æ¶çŽ åãäœæããããã®
液æ¶çŽ åã§ã¯äžèšã®åŒ·èªé»æ§æ¶²æ¶ãçšããã
ã¬ã€çã«é©çšãã液æ¶çŽ åã«é¢ãã詳ããã¯å°ãª
ããšãïŒã€ã®å®å®ç¶æ ããã€åŒ·èªé»æ§æ¶²æ¶çŽ åã®
ãã«ãè§ãå¢å€§ãããããšã«ãã€ãŠã衚瀺ã³ã³ã
ã©ã¹ããåäžãããããšã«é¢ããã ãåŸæ¥ã®æè¡ã åŸæ¥ã®æ¶²æ¶çŽ åãšããŠã¯ãäŸãã°ãšã ã»ã·ã€ã
ãïŒM.SchadtïŒãšãããªãŠãŒã»ãã«ããªãã
ïŒW.HelfrichïŒèâã¢ãã©ã€ãã»ãã€ãžãã¯ã¹ã»
ã¬ã¿ãŒãºâïŒâ pplied Physics Letter ïœâïŒ
第18å·»ã第ïŒå·ïŒ1971幎ïŒæ15æ¥çºè¡ïŒã第127é
ã128é ã®âãã«ããŒãžã»ãã€ãã³ãã³ãã»ãªã
ãã€ã«ã«ã»ã¢ã¯ãã€ããã€ãŒã»ãªãã»ã¢ã»ãã€ã¹
ãããã»ããããã¯ã»ãªãããã»ã¯ãªã¹ã¿ã«â
ïŒâVoltage Dependent Optical Activity of ïœ
TwistedNematic Liquid CrystalâïŒã«ç€ºãã
ããã€ã¹ãããã»ããããã¯ïŒtwisted
nematicïŒæ¶²æ¶ãçšãããã®ãç¥ãããŠãããã
ã®TN液æ¶ã¯ãç»çŽ å¯åºŠãé«ããããããªã¯ã¹é»
極æ§é ãçšããæåå²é§åã®æãã¯ãã¹ããŒã¯ã
çºçããåé¡ç¹ããããããç»çŽ æ°ãå¶éãããŠ
ããã ãŸããåç»çŽ ã«èèãã©ã³ãžã¹ã¿ã«ããã¹ã€ã
ãã³ã°çŽ åãæ¥ç¶ããåç»çŽ æ¯ãã¹ã€ããã³ã°ã
ãæ¹åŒã®è¡šç€ºçŽ åãç¥ãããŠããããåºæ¿äžã«è
èãã©ã³ãžã¹ã¿ã圢æããå·¥çšã極ããŠç ©éãª
äžã倧é¢ç©ã®è¡šç€ºçŽ åãäœæããããšãé£ããã
åé¡ç¹ãããã ãã®ãããªåŸæ¥åã®æ¶²æ¶çŽ åã®æ¬ ç¹ãæ¹åãã
ãã®ãšããŠãåå®å®æ§ãæãã液æ¶çŽ åã®äœ¿çšã
ã¯ã©ãŒã¯ïŒClarkïŒããã³ã©ã¬ãŠãšã«
ïŒLagerwallïŒã«ããææ¡ãããŠããïŒç¹éæ56
â107216å·å ¬å ±ãç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬4367924å·æ现æž
çïŒãåå®å®æ§ãæãã液æ¶ãšããŠã¯ãäžè¬ã«ã
ã«ã€ã©ã«ã¹ã¡ã¯ãã€ãã¯ïŒ£çžïŒSmCïŒïŒãŸãã¯
çžïŒSmHïŒïŒãæãã匷èªé»æ§æ¶²æ¶ãçšãã
ããããã®æ¶²æ¶ã¯é»çã«å¯ŸããŠç¬¬ïŒã®å åŠçå®å®
ç¶æ ãšç¬¬ïŒã®å åŠå®å®ç¶æ ãããªãåå®å®ç¶æ ã
æããåŸã€ãŠåè¿°ã®TNåã®æ¶²æ¶ã§çšããããå
åŠå€èª¿çŽ åãšã¯ç°ãªããäŸãã°äžæ¹ã®é»çãã¯ã
ã«ã«å¯ŸããŠç¬¬ïŒã®å åŠçå®å®ç¶æ ã«æ¶²æ¶ãé å
ããä»æ¹ã®é»çãã¯ãã³ã«å¯ŸããŠã¯ç¬¬ïŒã®å åŠç
å®å®ç¶æ ã«æ¶²æ¶ãé åããããåãã®åã®æ¶²æ¶
ã¯ãå ããããé»çã«å¿çããŠã極ããŠéããã«
äžèšïŒã€ã®å®å®ç¶æ ã®ãããããåããäžã€é»ç
ã®å°å ã®ãªããšãã¯ãã®ç¶æ ãç¶æããæ§è³ªãæ
ããããã®æ§ãªæ§è³ªãå©çšããããšã«ãããäžè¿°
ããåŸæ¥ã®TNåçŽ åã®åé¡ç¹ã®å€ãã«å¯ŸããŠã
ããªãæ¬è³ªçãªæ¹åãåŸãããã ãçºæã解決ããããšããåé¡ç¹ã ããããªãããåŸæ¥ã®åå®å®æ§ãæãã匷èªé»
æ§æ¶²æ¶çŽ åã«ãããŠã¯ã液æ¶ã®åäžãªé åç¶æ ã
å¿ ãããæºè¶³ã«åœ¢æãããªãã€ãçºã«ãå åãªç¹
æ§ãåŸãããªãã€ãã®ãå®æ ã§ããããã®çºãã
ããŸã§ã«ã©ãã³ã°åŠçãææ¹èžçåŠçããé¢ã®å
åšäžã§åå®å®æ§ã瀺ã匷èªé»æ§æ¶²æ¶ãåäžãªé å
ç¶æ ã«é åãããããšããæ¹æ³ãææ¡ãããŠã
ããæ¬çºæè ãã¯ãæ¢ã«äžè¿°ã®ã©ãã³ã°åŠçãæ
æ¹èžçåŠçãæœããåºæ¿ãçšããäºã«ãã€ãŠãå
äžãªé åç¶æ ããã€åå®å®æ§åŒ·èªé»æ§æ¶²æ¶ãåŸã
ããããšã¯å€æããŠããã ããããªãããæ¬çºæè ãã®å®éšã«ããã°åè¿°
ããåå®å®ç¶æ ãå¿ ãããã¯ã©ãŒã¯ãšã©ã¬ãŒãŠãª
ã«ã«ãã€ãŠçºè¡šãããåæ²ã®æç®çã§ç€ºãããç
æ³çãªåå®å®ç¶æ ãæããªãããšãå€æããã ããªãã¡ãã¯ã©ãŒã¯ãšã©ã¬ãŒãŠãªã«ã®ããã°å
å®å®æ§ãå®çŸããéãããæ§é ã®ã«ã€ã©ã«ã¹ã¡ã¯
ããã¯çžã§ã®ãã«ãè§ïŒåŸè¿°ã®ç¬¬ïŒå³ã«ç€ºãè§åºŠ
ΞïŒããããæ§é ããã€ã«ã€ã©ã«ã¹ã¡ã¯ããã¯çž
ã§ã®ãã«ãè§ïŒåŸè¿°ã®ç¬¬ïŒå³ã«ç€ºãäžè§éã®é è§
ïŒãšåäžã®è§åºŠããã€ã¯ãã§ããããå®éã«ã¯
éãããæ§é ã§ã®ãã«ãè§Îžã®æ¹ããããæ§é ã§
ã®ãã«ãè§ããå°ãããªã€ãŠãããããããã
ã®éãããæ§é ã§ã®ãã«ãè§Îžããããæ§é ã§ã®
ãã«ãè§ããå°ãããªãåå ãéãããæ§é ã§
ã®æ¶²æ¶ååã®ãããé åã«åž°å ããŠããããšãå€
æãããã€ãŸããéãããæ§é ããã€ã«ã€ã©ã«ã¹
ã¡ã¯ããã¯çžã§ã¯ã液æ¶ååã第ïŒå³ã«ç€ºãæ§ã«
åºæ¿ã®æ³ç·ã«å¯ŸããŠäžåºæ¿ã«é£æ¥ãã液æ¶ååã®
軞ïŒïŒããäžåºæ¿ã«é£æ¥ãã液æ¶ååã®è»žïŒïŒ
ïŒãããé åã®æ¹åïŒïŒïŒãžé£ç¶çã«ãããè§ÎŽ
ã§ããããŠé åããŠããããã®ããšãéãããæ§
é ã§ã®ãã«ãè§Îžããããæ§é ã§ã®ãã«ãè§ïŒšã
ãå°ãããªãåå ãšãªã€ãŠããã å°ãå³äžïŒïŒã¯äžäžåºæ¿ã«åœ¢æããã©ãã³ã°åŠ
çãææ¹èžçåŠçã«ãã€ãŠåŸãããäžè»žæ§é å軞
ãè¡šãããŠããã ãšããã§ã液æ¶ã®è€å±æãå©çšãã液æ¶çŽ åã®
å ŽåãçŽäº€ãã³ã«äžã§ã®ééçã¯ã ïŒIoïŒsin24Ξsin2â³ndïŒÎ»Ï åŒäžïŒIoã¯å ¥å°å 匷床ãã¯ééå 匷床ãΞã¯
ãã«ãè§ãâ³ïœã¯å±æçç°æ¹æ§ãïœã¯æ¶²æ¶å±€ã®è
åãλïŒå ¥å°å ã®æ³¢é·ã§ãã ã§è¡šãããããåè¿°ã®éãããæ§é ã«ããããã«
ãΞã¯ç¬¬ïŒãšç¬¬ïŒã®é åç¶æ ã§ã®ãããé åãã
液æ¶ååã®å¹³ååå軞æ¹åã®è§åºŠãšããŠçŸããã
ããšã«ãªããäžåŒã«ããã°ãããããã«ãΞã
22.5°ã®è§åºŠã®ææ倧ã®ééçãšãªãããåå®å®
æ§ãå®çŸããéãããæ§é ã§ã®ãã«ãè§Îžã¯å€§ã
ããŠ10°çšåºŠã®è§åºŠã§ãããåŸã€ãŠè¡šç€ºè£ 眮ãšã
ãŠã®é©çšãèæ ®ããæã«ã¯ãã®ééçã¯ïŒãïŒïŒ
çšåºŠã§ååãªãã®ãšã¯ãªããªãåé¡ãããã åŸã€ãŠãæ¬çºæã®ç®çã¯ãåè¿°ã®åé¡ç¹ã解決
ããããšãããªãã¡å°ãªããšãïŒã€ã®å®å®ç¶æ ã
å®çŸããéãããæ§é ã®ã«ã€ã©ã«ã¹ã¡ã¯ããã¯çž
ã§ã®ãã«ãè§ãå¢å€§ããããã«ãã€ãŠç»çŽ ã·ã€ã
ã¿éå£æã®ééçãåäžããã液æ¶çŽ åãæäŸã
ãããšã«ããã ãåé¡ç¹ã解決ããããã®æ段ãåã³ãäœçšã æ¬çºæã®ãããç®çã¯ãäžè»žæ§é å軞ããã€åº
æ¿ãïŒææããŠããã該ïŒæã®åºæ¿éã«å°ãªããš
ãïŒã€ã®å®å®ç¶æ ããã€åŒ·èªé»æ§æ¶²æ¶ãé 眮ãã
ã»ã«æ§é ãæãã液æ¶çŽ åã«ãããŠãåèšïŒæã®
åºæ¿ãåèšåŒ·èªé»æ§æ¶²æ¶ãšæ¥ããé¢ã§äºãã«ç°ãª
ãé åèŠå¶åããã€äžè»žæ§é å軞ãæããŠãããš
ãšãã«ãããããã®äžè»žæ§é å軞ãäºãã«äº€å·®ã
ãŠãã液æ¶çŽ åã«ãã€ãŠéæããããæ¬çºæã®å¥œ
ãŸããå ·äœäŸã§ã¯ãåèšåŒ·èªé»æ§æ¶²æ¶ã®ååãïŒ
æã®åºæ¿ã«ä»äžããäžè»žæ§é å軞ã®æ¹åãäºãã«
åäžãšããäžã€ç¡é»çæã«ãåºæ¿ã®æ³ç·ã«æ²¿ã€ãŠ
ããããŠé åããåŸåãæããŠããæããã®ãã
ãé åã®æ¹åãšå察æ¹åã®è§åºŠã§äºãã«é åèŠå¶
åãçžéããäžè»žæ§é å軞ã亀差ãããããšã«ã
ã€ãŠãäžè¿°ãããã«ãè§ãå¢å€§ãããããšãã§ã
ãã åè¿°ã®ãããé åã«ãããããè§åã³ãããæ¹
åã¯ã液æ¶ãšåºæ¿ã®è¡šé¢ç¶æ ã«ãã€ãŠæ±ºãŸããã
ãã®æäžè¿°ã®ãããé åã®ãããæ¹åãšã¯å察æ¹
åããªãè§åºŠã§äº€å·®ãããäžè»žæ§é å軞ãçšãã
äºã«ãããããããããé åã解æ¶ããäºãã§ã
ããããããããé åã解æ¶ãã液æ¶çŽ åã§ã¯çŽ
亀ãã³ã«äžã§æ倧ã®ééçïŒé®å çã³ã³ãã©ã¹ã
ãåŸãããããããããé åã®åå®å®ç¶æ ããã€
ãŠãã液æ¶çŽ åã§ã¯éçŽäº€ãã³ã«äžã§æ倧ã®ã³ã³
ãã©ã¹ããåŸããããããã®æ芳å¯æ¹åã«ãã€ãŠ
ãã®ã³ã³ãã©ã¹ããçžéããŠããŸãèŠéè§äŸåæ§
ãæããŠããããããããããé åã®è§£æ¶ãšãšã
ã«ãäžè¿°ã®èŠéè§äŸåæ§ãã解æ¶ããäºãã§ã
ãã ãå®æœäŸã 第ïŒå³ã¯ããããæ§é ãçšãã匷èªé»æ§æ¶²æ¶ã»
ã«ã®åãæš¡åŒçã«æãããã®ã§ãããïŒïŒïœãšïŒ
ïŒïœã¯ãIn2O3ïŒSnO2ãITOïŒIndium Tin
OxideïŒçã®éæé»æ¥µãã³ãŒããããåºæ¿ïŒã¬ã©
ã¹æ¿ïŒã§ããããã®éã«æ¶²æ¶ååå±€ïŒïŒãã¬ã©ã¹
é¢ã«åçŽã«ãªãæ§ã«é åããSmCïŒïŒã«ã€ã©ã«
ã¹ã¡ã¯ããã¯ïŒ£çžïŒã®æ¶²æ¶ã¯å°å ¥ãããŠããã倪
ç·ã§ç€ºããç·ïŒïŒã液æ¶ååãè¡šãããŠãããã
ã®æ¶²æ¶ååïŒïŒã¯ããã®ååã«çŽäº€ããæ¹åã«å
極åã¢ãŒã¡ã³ãïŒïŒ°â¥ïŒïŒïŒãæããŠããããã®
æã®äžè§éã®çŽè§ããªãè§åºŠãããããããæ§é
ã®ã«ã€ã©ã«ã¹ã¡ã¯ããã¯çžã§ã®ãã«ãè§ãè¡šã
ããŠãããåºæ¿ïŒïŒïœãšïŒïŒïœäžã®é»æ¥µéã«äžå®
ã®éŸå€ä»¥äžã®é»å§ãå°å ãããšã液æ¶ååïŒïŒã®
ãããæ§é ãã»ã©ããå極åã¢ãŒã¡ã³ãïŒïŒ°â¥ïŒ
ïŒïŒã¯ãã¹ãŠé»çæ¹åã«åãããã液æ¶ååïŒïŒ
ã®é åæ¹åãå€ããäºãã§ããã液æ¶ååïŒïŒã¯
现é·ã圢ç¶ãæããŠããããã®é·è»žæ¹åãšç軞æ¹
åã§å±æ²çç°æ¹æ§ã瀺ããåŸã€ãŠäŸãã°ã¬ã©ã¹é¢
ã®äžäžã«äºãã«ã¯ãã¹ãã³ã«ã®äœçœ®é¢ä¿ã«é 眮ã
ãåå åã眮ãã°ãé»å§å°å 極æ§ã«ãã€ãŠå åŠç¹
æ§ãå€ãã液æ¶å åŠå€èª¿çŽ åãšãªãäºã¯å®¹æã«ç
解ããããæŽã«æ¶²æ¶ã»ã«ã®åããå åã«èããã
å ŽåãïŒäŸãã°1ÎŒïŒã«ã¯ã第ïŒå³ã«ç€ºãæ§ã«é»ç
ãå°å ããŠããªãç¶æ ã§ã液æ¶ååã®ãããæ§é
ã¯ã»ã©ããéãããæ§é ãšãªãããã®å極åã¢ãŒ
ã¡ã³ãPaåã¯Pbã¯äžåãïŒïŒïœåã¯äžåãïŒïŒ
ïœã®ã©ã¡ããã®ç¶æ ããšããåå®å®ç¶æ ã圢æã
ããããã®æ§ãªã»ã«ã«ç¬¬ïŒå³ã«ç€ºãåŠãäžå®ã®éŸ
å€ä»¥äžã®æ¥µæ§ã®ç°ãé»çEaåã¯Ebãä»äžãããšã
å極åã¢ãŒã¡ã³ãé»çEaåã¯Ebã¯é»çãã¯ãã«
ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããŠäžåãïŒïŒïœåã¯ãäžåãïŒïŒïœãšå
ããå€ããããã«å¿ããŠæ¶²æ¶ååã¯ç¬¬ïŒã®å®å®ç¶
æ ïŒïŒïœãæãã¯ç¬¬ïŒã®å®å®ç¶æ ïŒïŒïœã®äœãã
äžæ¹ã«é åããããã®æã®ç¬¬ïŒãšç¬¬ïŒã®å®å®ç¶æ
ã®ãªãè§åºŠã®1/2ããã«ãè§Îžã«çžåœããŠããã ãã®æ§ãªåŒ·èªé»æ§æ¶²æ¶ãå åŠå€èª¿çŽ åãšããŠçš
ããããšã®å©ç¹ã¯ïŒã€ããã第ïŒã«å¿çé床ã極
ããŠéãããšã第ïŒã«æ¶²æ¶ååã®é åãåå®å®æ§
ãæããããšã§ããã第ïŒã®ç¹ãäŸãã°ç¬¬ïŒå³ã«
ãã€ãŠèª¬æãããšãé»çEaãå°å ãããšæ¶²æ¶å
åã¯ç¬¬ïŒã®å®å®ç¶æ ïŒïŒïœã«é åãããããã®ç¶
æ ã¯é»çãåã€ãŠãå®å®ã§ãããåãéåãã®é»
çEbãå°å ãããšã液æ¶ååã¯ç¬¬ïŒã®å®å®ç¶æ
ïŒïŒïœã«é åããŠããã®ååã®åããå€ãããã
ãã¯ãé»çãåã€ãŠããã®ç¶æ ã«çã€ãŠããã
åãäžããé»çEaãäžå®ã®éŸå€ãè¶ããªãéã
倫ã ã®é åç¶æ ã«ãã¯ãç¶æãããŠããããã®æ§
ãªå¿çé床ã®éããšãåå®å®æ§ãæå¹ã«å®çŸãã
ãã«ã¯ãã»ã«ãšããŠã¯åºæ¥ãã ãèãæ¹ã奜ãŸã
ããäžè¬çã«ã¯0.5ÎŒã20ÎŒãç¹ã«1ÎŒã5ÎŒãé©ããŠ
ããããã®çš®ã®åŒ·èªé»æ§æ¶²æ¶ãçšãããããªã¯ã¹
é»æ¥µæ§é ãæãã液æ¶âé»æ°å åŠè£ 眮ã¯ãäŸãã°
ã¯ã©ãŒã¯ãšã©ã¬ãã«ã«ãããç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬4367924
å·æ现æžã§ææ¡ãããŠããã ãŸããæ¬çºæã§ã¯åè¿°ããåå®å®æ§åŒ·èªé»æ§æ¶²
æ¶ã®ä»ã«ããã以äžã®å®å®ç¶æ ããã€åŒ·èªé»æ§æ¶²
æ¶çŽ åã«ãæäŸããããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã®æ¶²æ¶çŽ åã§çšããããšãã§ãã匷èªé»
æ§æ¶²æ¶ãšããŠã¯ãäŸãã°äŸãã°ïœâãã·ããã·ã
ã³ãžãªãã³âpâ²âã¢ããâïŒâã¡ãã«ããã«ã·ã³
ãã¡ãŒãïŒDOBAMBCïŒãïœâããã·ããã·ã
ã³ãžãªãã³âpâ²âã¢ããâïŒâã¯ãã«ãããã«ã·
ã³ãã¡ãŒãïŒHOBACPCïŒãïœâãã·ããã·ãã³
ãžãªãã³âpâ²âã¢ããâïŒâã¡ãã«ããã«âαâ
ã·ã¢ãã·ã³ãã¡ãŒãïŒDOBAMBCCïŒãïœâãã
ã©ãã·ããã·ãã³ãžãªãã³âpâ²âã¢ããâïŒâã¡
ãã«ããã«âαâã·ã¢ãã·ã³ãã¡ãŒã
ïŒTDOBAMBCCïŒãïœâãªã¯ãã«ãªãã·ãã³ãž
ãªãã³âpâ²âã¢ããâïŒâã¡ãã«ããã«âαâã¯
ããã·ã³ãã¡ãŒãïŒOOBAMBCCïŒãïœâãªã¯ã
ã«ãªãã·ãã³ãžãªãã³âpâ²âã¢ããâïŒâã¡ãã«
ããã«âαâã¡ãã«ã·ã³ãã¡ãŒããïŒïŒ4â²âã¢ãŸ
ãã·ã·ã³ãããã¯ã¢ã·ããâãã¹ïŒïŒâã¡ãã«ã
ãã«ïŒãšã¹ãã«ãïŒâïœâïŒïŒâã¡ãã«ïŒããã«
ã¬ãŸã«ã·ãªãã³â4â²âãªã¯ãã«ã¢ããªã³ãïŒâ
ïŒ2â²âã¡ãã«ããã«ïŒããšãã«â4â²âãªã¯ãã«ãª
ãã·ãããšã«âïŒâã«ã«ããã·ã¬ãŒããïŒâãã
ã·ã«ãªãã·ããšãã«âïŒâïŒ2â³âã¡ãã«ããã«ïŒ
ãããšãã«â4â²âã«ã«ããã·ã¬ãŒããïŒâãªã¯ã
ã«ãªãã·ããšãã«âïŒâïŒ2â³âã¡ãã«ããã«ïŒã
ããšãã«â4â²âã«ã«ããã·ã¬ãŒããïŒâãããã«
ããšãã«âïŒâïŒ4â³âã¡ãã«ããã·ã«ïŒãããšã
ã«â4â²âã«ã«ããã·ã¬ãŒããïŒâïŒ2â³âã¡ãã«ã
ãã«ïŒããšãã«âïŒâïŒ4â³âã¡ãã«ããã·ã«ïŒã
ããšãã«â4â²âã«ã«ããã·ã¬ãŒããªã©ãæããã
ãšãã§ãããããã¯åç¬ãŸãã¯ïŒçš®ä»¥äžçµåããŠ
çšããããšãã§ãããŸã匷èªé»æ§ã瀺ãç¯å²ã§ä»
ã®ã³ã¬ã¹ããªãã¯æ¶²æ¶ãã¹ã¡ã¯ããã¯æ¶²æ¶ãå«æ
ãããããšãã§ããã åãæ¬çºæã§ã¯åŒ·èªé»æ§æ¶²æ¶ãšããŠã«ã€ã©ã«ã¹
ã¡ãã¯ããã¯çžãçšããäºãã§ããå ·äœçã«ã¯ã
ã«ã€ã©ã«ã¹ã¡ãã¯ããã¯ïŒ£çžïŒSmCïŒïŒïŒïŒšçž
ïŒSmHïŒïŒïŒïŒ©çžïŒSmIïŒïŒïŒïŒ«çžïŒSmKïŒïŒã
çžïŒSmGïŒïŒãçšããããšãã§ããã 第ïŒå³ã¯ãæ¬çºæã®æ¶²æ¶çŽ åã®æ æ§ãæš¡åŒçã«
è¡šãããå¹³é¢å³ã§ãããæ¬çºæã®æ¶²æ¶çŽ åã¯ãäž
åºæ¿ãšäžåºæ¿ã«åœ¢æããäžè»žæ§é ååŠçé¢ã§ã¯ã
ç¡é»çæã«ããããã®äžè»žæ§é å軞ïŒïŒãšïŒïŒã
第ïŒå³ã«ç€ºããããé åã®æ¹åïŒïŒãšã¯å察æ¹å
ïŒïŒã®è§åºŠã§äº€å·®ããŠããã第ïŒå³ã¯ãæ¬çºæã®
液æ¶çŽ åã®ïŒã€ã®æ æ§ãè¡šããæé¢å³ã§ãããå°
ãªããšãïŒã€ã®å®å®ç¶æ ããã€åŒ·èªé»æ§æ¶²æ¶ïŒïŒ
ãäžå¯Ÿã®äžäžåºæ¿ïŒïŒãšïŒïŒã®éã«é 眮ãããŠã
ãããã®åŒ·èªé»æ§æ¶²æ¶ïŒïŒã¯äžäžåºæ¿ïŒïŒãšïŒïŒ
ã«åœ¢æããé åå¶åŸ¡èïŒïŒãšïŒïŒãšã®ãã€ãŠé å
èŠå¶ãããããŸããå³äžïŒïŒãšïŒïŒã¯ããããé
æé»æ¥µã§ãã€ãŠãããªãªã¹æ§é ã§é 眮ãããŠã
ãã åè¿°ã®äžè»žæ§é å軞ïŒïŒãšïŒïŒã®åŒ·èªé»æ§æ¶²æ¶
ååã«å¯Ÿããé åèŠå¶åã¯ãäºãã«çžéããŠã
ããïŒã€ã®äžè»žæ§é å軞ïŒïŒãšïŒïŒã®é åèŠå¶å
ãçžéãããã«ã¯ã倫ã ã®åºæ¿ã«æœãé ååŠçæ³
ãçžéãããæ¹æ³ãå ·äœçã«ã¯äžè»žæ§é å軞ïŒïŒ
ãããªã€ããèãããªããã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«èã«ã©ã
ã³ã°åŠçãæœãäºã«ãã€ãŠä»äžããä»æ¹ã®äžè»žæ§
é å軞ïŒïŒãSiOãSiO2ã®ææ¹èžçã«ãã€ãŠã¯ä»
äžããæ¹æ³ãçšããããšãã§ããããã®ä»ãæ¬çº
æã§ã¯ãé ååŠçæ³ãšããŠææ¹ãšããã³ã°ã«ãã€
ãŠãäžè»žæ§é å軞ãä»äžããããšãã§ããã ãŸããïŒã€ã®äžè»žæ§é å軞ïŒïŒãšïŒïŒã®é åèŠ
å¶åãçžéãããæ¹æ³ãšããŠã第ïŒå³ã«ç€ºãé å
å¶åŸ¡èïŒïŒãšïŒïŒã圢æããŠãã被èèªäœããã
ããçžéãããæ¹æ³ãçšããããšãã§ãããå ·äœ
çã«ã¯ãé åå¶åŸ¡èïŒïŒãããªã€ããèã§åœ¢æ
ãããã®è¡šé¢ãã©ãã³ã°åŠçã«ãã€ãŠäžè»žæ§é å
軞ïŒïŒãä»äžããä»æ¹ã®é åå¶åŸ¡èïŒïŒãããªã
ãã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«èã§åœ¢æãããã®è¡šé¢ãã©ãã³ã°
åŠçã«ãã€ãŠäžè»žæ§é å軞ïŒïŒãä»äžããæ¹æ³ã
çšããããšãã§ããããã®æ§ãªäºãã«çžéãã被
èã§åœ¢æããé åå¶åŸ¡èïŒïŒãšïŒïŒã¯ãåè¿°ã®çµ
åãã®ä»ã«ãä»ã®çµåãã«ãã€ãŠãåŸãããšãã§
ãããåè¿°ãã被èã®ä»ã«ãæ¬çºæã§ã¯ãé åå¶
埡èïŒïŒãšïŒïŒã®è¢«èãšããŠããªã¢ããã€ããã
ããªãšã¹ãã«ã€ãããããªãã©ãã·ãªã¬ã³ãããª
ãšã¹ãã«ãããªã«ãããŒããããªããã«ã¢ã»ã¿ãŒ
ã«ãããªå¡©åããã«ãããªé ¢é žããã«ãããªã¢ã
ããããªã¹ãã¬ã³ãã»ã«ããŒã¹æš¹èãã¡ã©ãã³æš¹
èããŠãªã€æš¹èãã¢ã¯ãªã«æš¹èãããªãã¬ãžã¹ã
æš¹èãªã©ã®ææ©æš¹èé¡ãŸãã¯SiOïŒSiO2ãTiO2
çã®ç¡æ©ç©è³ªã§åœ¢æãã被èãçšããããšãã§
ãããã®éã®é åå¶åŸ¡èïŒïŒãšïŒïŒã圢æãã被
èãäºãã«çžéãããäºãã§ããã æ¬çºæã®ãããããïŒã€ã®å¥œãŸããæ¹æ³ã¯ãé
åå¶åŸ¡èïŒïŒãšïŒïŒã圢æããŠãã被èãåäžçš®
é¡ã®ãã®ãšããããã«ããã®è¡šæãåäžã®é ååŠ
çæ³ã«ãã€ãŠäžè»žæ§é å軞ãä»äžããåŸãäžæ¹ã®
äžè»žæ§é å軞ãä»äžãããŠããé åå¶åŸ¡èã«äŸã
ã°ã·ã©ã³ã«ãããªã³ã°å€ããã¿ã³ã«ãããªã³ã°
å€ãã¢ã«ãããŠã ã«ãããªã³ã°å€ãã€ã³ãžãŠã ã«
ãããªã³ã°å€ããžã«ã³ããŠã ã«ãããªã³ã°å€ãªã©
ã®åçš®ã«ãããªã³ã°å€ã§è¢«è圢æããé åæå¶è
ãèšããããšã«ãã€ãŠãäžè»žæ§é å軞ïŒïŒãšïŒïŒ
ã®é åèŠå¶åãäºãã«çžéãããããšãã§ããã ã·ã©ã³ã«ãããªã³ã°å€ãšããŠã¯ããªã«ã¬ãã·ã©
ã³ååç©ãçšããããšãã§ããããªã«ã¬ãã·ã©ã³
ååç©ãšããŠã¯ãäžè¬åŒRnSiX4âïœã§è¡šããã
ããã®ã奜ãŸãããäžè¬åŒäžã®ïœã¯ïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒã§
ãããã¯äŸãã°å¡©çŽ ååãèçŽ ååãªã©ã®ãã
ã²ã³ååãã¡ããã·ããšããã·ãããããã·ãã
ããã·ãªã©ã®ã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºãŸãã¯ã¢ã»ããã·ãªã©
ã®ã¢ã·ããã·åºããã®ä»ã®å æ°Žå解æ§å®èœåºã§ã
ããåŒäžãã¯ã¡ãã«ããšãã«ããããã«ããã
ã«ãªã©ã®é£œåã®ããŸãã¯ããã«ãã¢ã«ã±ãã«ãªã©
ã®äžé£œåã®èèªæçåæ°ŽçŽ åºããŸãã¯ããšãã«ã
ãããã«ãªã©ã®è³éŠæçåæ°ŽçŽ åºã§ããããã®ç
åæ°ŽçŽ åºã«ã¯ããã«ãã¢ã«ã±ãã«ãªã©ã®äžé£œå
åºãããããã·åºãã«ã«ããã«åºãããã²ã³å
åãã¢ããåºããã®ä»ã®å®èœæ§ææ©åºã§çœ®æãã
ãŠãããã å ·äœçãªååç©äŸãäžèšã«åæããã ååç©äŸ (3) H2ïŒCH2ïŒ2NHïŒOH2ïŒ3SiïŒOCH3ïŒ3 (4) CH3âNHïŒCH2ïŒ3SiïŒOCH3ïŒ3 (5) CH2ïŒCHSiCl3 (6) CH2ïŒCHSiïŒOC2H5ïŒ3 (7) CH2ïŒCHSiïŒOC2H4OCH3ïŒ3 (9) ClïŒCH2ïŒ3SiïŒOCH3ïŒ3 (10) HSïŒCH2ïŒ3SiïŒOCH3ïŒ3 (11) H2ïŒCH2ïŒ3SiïŒOC2H5ïŒ3 é åæå¶èã¯ããªã«ã¬ãã·ã©ã³ååç©ãå«æã
ãå¡åžæ¶²ãäžè»žæ§é å軞ãä»äžãããé åå¶éè
ã®äžã«å¡åžããããšã«ãã€ãŠåŸãããšãã§ããã
ãã®éããªã«ã¬ãã·ã©ã³ååç©ã¯ãã¡ã¿ããŒã«ã
ãšã¿ããŒã«ãã€ãœãããã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ããã¿ããŒ
ã«çã®ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ç³»æº¶å€ãã¢ã»ãã³ãã¡ãã«ãšã
ã«ã±ãã³çã®ã±ãã³ç³»æº¶å€ãäž»äœãšããå¡åžæ¶²äž
ã«ïŒã5wtïŒ ã®å²åã§å«æãããŠããããšã奜ãŸ
ããã åè¿°ãããã¿ã³ã«ãããªã³ã°å€ãšããŠã¯äžè¿°ã®
ææ©ãã¿ã³ååç©ãçšããäºãã§ãããææ©ãã¿
ã³ååç©ãšããŠã¯ãäžè¬åŒTiïŒORïŒ4ïŒäœããOR
ã¯ããããã·åºãã«ã«ããã·åºãã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºã
è¡šããïŒã奜ãŸãããå ·äœçã«ã¯ãããã©âã€ãœ
ããããã·ãã¿ã³ãããã©âãã«ãã«ãããã·ã
ã¿ã³ãããã©ãã¹ïŒïŒïŒãšãã«ãããœãã·ïŒãã¿
ã³ãããã©ã¹ãã¢ããã·ãã¿ã³ããžã€ãœããã·â
ãã¹ïŒã¢ã»ãã«ã¢ã»ãããŒãïŒãã¿ã³ããžâãã«
ãã¹ãããã·âãã¹ïŒãã·ãªãšã¿ããŒã«ã¢ãããŒ
ãïŒãã¿ã³çãæããããã åãåè¿°ãããžã«ã³ããŠã ã«ãããªã³ã°å€ãã¢
ã«ãããŠã ã«ãããªã³ã°å€åã³ã€ã³ãžãŠã ã«ãã
ãªã³ã°å€ãšããŠã¯ãããããäžè¿°ã®ææ©ãžã«ã³ã
ãŠã ååç©ãææ©ã¢ã«ãããŠã ååç©ãšææ©ã€ã³
ãžãŠã ååç©ãçšããããšãã§ãããå ·äœçã«
ã¯ãææ©ãžã«ã³ããŠã ååç©ãšããŠã¯ãZrïŒïœâ
OC3H7ïŒ4ãZrïŒOC4H9ïŒ4ãZrïŒOC5H11ïŒ4ãZrïŒOC8
H17ïŒ4ãZrïŒOC9H19ïŒ4çã®æ§ãªäžè¬åŒZrïŒORïŒ4
ïŒäœããORã¯ã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºïŒã§è¡šããããã¢ã«
ã³ãã·ã¿ã€ãã®ãã®ããZrïŒCH3COCHCOCH3ïŒ4
ã®æ§ãªãã¬ãŒãã¿ã€ãã®ãã®ãæããããåãæ
æ©ã¢ã«ãããŠã ååç©ãšããŠã¯ãã¢ã«ãããŠã ã
ã¬ãŒãååç©ã奜ãŸãããå ·äœçã«äžèšäžè¬åŒã«
ãã€ãŠç€ºãããã äžè¬åŒ åŒäžR1ïŒR2åã³R3ã¯ã¡ãã«ããšãã«ãïœâã
ããã«ãïœâãããã«ãïœâããã«ãsecâãã
ã«ãïœâã¢ãã«ãïœâããã·ã«ãïœâãªã¯ãã«ã
ïœâããã«ãªã©ã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºãè¡šãããŠããã代
è¡šçãªååç©ãšããŠã¯ãã¢ã»ãã¢ã«ã³ãã·ã¢ã«ã
ããŠã ãžã€ãœãããã¬ãŒããæããããšãã§ã
ããåãææ©ã€ã³ãžãŠã ååç©ãšããŠã¯ãäžè¬åŒ
InïŒORïŒ3ïŒäœããORã¯ããããã·åºãã«ã«ãã
ã·åºãã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºãè¡šããïŒã®ãã®ã奜ãŸã
ããå ·äœçã«ã¯ãInïŒOC2H5ïŒ3ãInïŒOC3H7ïŒ3ã
ïŒOC5H11ïŒ3ãInïŒOC8H17ïŒãInïŒOC9H19ïŒãæã
ãããããã®æ§ãªé åèŠå¶åãäºãã«çžéããŠã
ãäžè»žæ§é å軞ïŒïŒãšïŒïŒãä»äžãããŠããäžè»ž
æ§é ååŠçé¢ã®ååšäžã«ã«ã€ã©ã«ã¹ã¡ã¯ããã¯çž
ã該çžããé«æž©åŽã®çžããã®éæž©ã§é åãããæ
ã«ãäžäžåºæ¿ã«é£æ¥ãã液æ¶ååã®è»žïŒïŒã¯äºã
ã«å¹³è¡ãšãªãããã®ã«ã€ã©ã«ã¹ã¡ã¯ããã¯çžã§ã¯
éæž©äžã§äžè»žæ§é å軞ïŒïŒãšïŒïŒã®äžéã®è§åºŠã
ãã€ãŠé åããã¹ã¡ã¯ããã¯ïŒ¡çžïŒSmAïŒã§ã®
液æ¶ååã®è»žïŒïŒãããã«ãè§ÎžïŒåã¯âΞïŒã
ãã€ãŠæ¶²æ¶ååãé åãã第ïŒãšç¬¬ïŒã®å®å®ç¶æ
ïŒãã«ãè§Îžã®ãšã第ïŒã®å®å®ç¶æ ããã«ãè§â
Ξã®æ第ïŒã®å®å®ç¶æ ïŒã圢æããããšãã§ã
ãã ãã®æ¶²æ¶çŽ åã§ã¯ãçŽäº€ãã³ã«ã®äžæ¹ã®åå 軞
ïŒïŒã第ïŒã®å®å®ç¶æ ã«ãããåå軞æ¹åã«å¯Ÿå¿
ãã液æ¶ååã®è»žïŒïŒãšå¹³è¡ããŠãä»æ¹ã®åå 軞
ïŒïŒãåå 軞ïŒïŒãšçŽäº€ãããæã«æ倧ã³ã³ãã©
ã¹ããåŸãããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã®å¥œãŸããå ·äœäŸã§ã¯ã亀æµå°å ååŠç
ã«ããåè¿°ãããã«ãΞããããæ§é ã§ã®ãã«ã
ãšçãããããããã¯åçšåºŠã®è§åºŠãŸã§å¢å€§ã
ããããšãã§ããããã®æã®ãã«ãè§ãΞâ²ãšã
ãããã®éã«çšãã亀æµãšããŠã¯ãé»å§20ã500
ãã«ãã奜ãŸããã¯30ã150ãã«ãã§åšæ³¢æ°10ã
500Hzã奜ãŸããã¯10ã200Hzãçšããããšãã§
ãããã®å°å æéãç§æ°ã10åéçšåºŠã§äº€æµå°å
ååŠçãæœãããšãã§ãããåãããã亀æµå°å
ååŠçã¯ã液æ¶çŽ åãäŸãã°æ åä¿¡å·ãæ å ±ä¿¡å·
ã«å¿ããŠæžèŸŒã¿ãè¡ãåã®æ®µéã§è¡ããã奜ãŸã
ãã¯ããã液æ¶çŽ åãè£ çœ®ã«çµèŸŒã¿ããããè£ çœ®
ãæäœããæã®ãŠãšã€ãã¿ã€ã ã§åè¿°ã®äº€æµå°å
ååŠçãè¡ããããããã¯ããã液æ¶çŽ åã®è£œé
æã§ã亀æµå°å ååŠçãæœãããšãã§ããã ããã亀æµå°å ååŠçã¯ãæ¬çºæè ããè¡ã€ã
å®éšãå³ã¡ç¬¬ïŒå³ã«ç€ºãåå®å®ç¶æ ããã€åŒ·èªé»
æ§æ¶²æ¶çŽ åã«äº€æµé»å Žãå°å ãããšãå°å åã®ã
ã«ãè§Îžããããæ§é ã§ã®ãã«ããšåçšåºŠã«ãŸ
ã§å¢å€§ããããã«ãè§Îžâ²ãšããäºãã§ããããã
ããã亀æµå°å ãé€å»ããåŸã§ãã€ãŠããã®å¢å€§
ããããã«ãè§Îžâ²ãç¶æã§ããäºãèŠãåºããç¹
ã«åºã¥ãããã®ã§ãããåãããã亀æµå°å ååŠ
çã¯ãèªçºå極ã®å€§ãã匷èªé»æ§æ¶²æ¶ïŒäŸãã°25
âã§5ncïŒcm2以äžã奜ãŸããã¯10ncïŒcm2ã
300ncïŒcm2ïŒncã¯ããã¯ãŒãã³ã瀺ãåäœã§ã
ãïŒã«å¯ŸããŠæå¹ã§ããããã®èªçºå極ã¯100ÎŒ
ã»ã«ã§äžè§æ³¢å°å æ³ãã«ãã枬å®ããããšãã§ã
ããããžã€ãããŒãºã»ãžã€ãŒãã«ã»ãªãã»ã¢ãã©
ã€ãã»ãã€ãžã€ãã¯ã¹ïŒJapanese Journal of
Applied PhysicsïŒ22ïŒ10ïŒå·ã661ã663é
ïŒ1983幎ïŒã«æ²èŒãããã±ãŒã»ãã€ãµãïŒK.
MiyasatoïŒãã®å ±èã®âãã€ã¬ã¯ãã»ã¡ãœã
ãã»ãŠã€ãºã»ãã©ã€ã¢ã³ã°ã©ãŒã»ãŠãšãŒããºã»ã
ãªãŒã»ã¡ãžã€ãŒãªã³ã°ã»ã¹ãã³ã¿ãã¹ã»ããŒã¿ãª
ãŒãŒã·ãšã³ã»ã€ã³ã»ããšããšã¬ã¯ããªãã¯ã»ãªã
ããã»ã¯ãªã¹ã¿ã«âïŒâDirect Method with
Triangular Waves for Measuring
Spontaneous Polarization in Ferroelectric
Liquid CrystalâïŒã«ããã 以äžãæ¬çºæã®è©³çŽ°ãªå ·äœäŸã瀺ãã å®æœäŸ ïŒ ãŸãã液æ¶çŽ åã«ãããåºæ¿ã®æ³ç·æ¹åã«å¯Ÿã
ã液æ¶ååã®ãããé åæ¹åãç¥ãããã«ãçŽ
3ÎŒmã®æ¶²æ¶èåããã€æ¶²æ¶çŽ åãäœæããããã®
液æ¶çŽ åã§ã¯äžèšã®åŒ·èªé»æ§æ¶²æ¶ãçšããã
ãè¡šã
ãè¡šã
3ÎŒmã»ã«ã®åºæ¿ã®æ§æã¯ïŒæã®0.7mmåã¬ã©ã¹
æ¿ã«å€«ã 1000â«ã®ITOïŒInduim Tin OxeideïŒãš
1000â«ã®PVAïŒããªããã«ã¢ã«ãŒã«ïŒè¢«èãèšã
ããã®ã§ããã®PVA被èã«ã¯ã©ãã³ã°åŠçã«ã
ãäžè»žæ§é ååŠçããªããã倫ã ã®ã©ãã³ã°æ¹å
ãäºãã«å¹³è¡ã«ãªãããã«äºæã®åºæ¿ãã»ã«çµã¿
ããã ã»ã«åïŒäžäžåºæ¿ã®ééïŒã¯3ÎŒmã®ããŒãºç¶ã¹
ããŒãµãŒã§ä¿æããã ãã®æ¶²æ¶ã»ã«ã«åè¿°ã®æ··å液æ¶ãçæ¹çžäžã§ç
ç©ºæ³šå ¥ããŠãããçæ¹çžãã0.5âïŒïœã§30âãŸ
ã§åŸå·ããããšã«ããé åãããããšãã§ããã
以åŸã®å®éšã¯30âåºè¡ã€ãã ã¯ãã¹ãã³ã«äžã§ãã®ã»ã«ã芳å¯ãããšãäžæ§
ã§æ¬ é¥ã®ãªãã¢ããã¡ã€ã³ãåŸãããŠããã 液æ¶ã¯ãSmCãã®ç¶æ ã§ã³ã³ãã©ã¹ãã¯éåžž
ã«äœããéãšé»ã®ãã¡ã€ã³ã®åå®å®ç¶æ ãååšã
ãŠããããšãå€æããã ãã®æ¶²æ¶çŽ åã«ãã«ã¹é»çãããäžæ¹ã®å®å®ç¶
æ ã«æ¶²æ¶ååæ¹åãããããã¯ãã¹ãã³ã«äžã§ã»
ã«å転ãããããšã«ãããæãééå éã®å°ãªã
äœçœ®ãæããããããããã®ææç¶æ ã¯é»è²ã«ã¯
ãªããéè²ã§ãã€ãã液æ¶ååãåºæ¿ã«å¹³è¡ã§ã
ã€ã液æ¶ååãäžæ¹åã«ãããã°é»è²ãåŸããã
ã¯ãã§ããã æ¬çºæè ãã¯ããã®çè²ãåºæ¿ã®åçŽæ¹åïŒæ³
ç·ïŒã«å¯Ÿãã液æ¶ååã®ãããé åãåå ãšè
ããããã«å®éšãè¡ã€ãã å æºåŽã«ããåå åãšèŠ³å¯è åŽã«ããæ€å åã®
åå 軞ã®è§åºŠããããããšã«ãããããæç¶æ ã
åŸããããã©ããã§ããããé åç¶æ ãæ€åºãã
ããšãã§ããã 芳å¯è ããèŠãŠãæèšãŸãããæ£ãšããåæèš
ãŸãããè² ãšãããæ€å åãçŽäº€ãã³ã«ããè² æ¹
åã«10ã13°å転ãã次ãã§æ¶²æ¶ã»ã«ãå転ããŠ
æç¶æ ãæãããšãã§ããããŸããåå åãçŽäº€
ãã³ã«ããæ£æ¹åã«10ã13°å転ããŠãåæ§ã«æ
ç¶æ ãåŸããããåŸã€ãŠããã®çŽ åã§ã®æ¶²æ¶åå
ã¯ãæ£æ¹åã«ãããé åã圢æããŠãããäžäžåº
æ¿ã®é£æ¥é¢ã«ãã液æ¶ååã®é·è»žã10ã13°ã®ã
ããè§ÎŽããã€ãŠããããŠããããšãå€ãã 次ã«äžäžåºæ¿ã®ééã1.8ÎŒmãšããç¹ã亀差ã
ãã©ãã³ã°è»žïŒã©ãã³ã°åŠçã«ããäžè»žæ§é å
軞ïŒãçšããç¹ãåã³çåŽã®PVAèã«ä»£ããŠã
ãªã€ããèïŒããã¡ãªãé žäºç¡æ°Žç©ãšïŒïŒ4â²âãž
ã¢ãããžããšãã«ãšãŒãã«ãšã®è±æ°Žçž®åäœãããª
ãããªã¢ããã¯é žã®ïŒééïŒ ïŒ®âã¡ãã«ãããªã
ã³æº¶æ¶²ãå¡åžããåŸãå ç±ã«ããè±æ°Žéç°åå¿ã
çããããŠåœ¢æããããªã€ããïŒãçšããç¹ã®ã»
ãã¯ãåè¿°ã®3ÎŒmã»ã«ãäœæããæã®æ¹æ³ãšå šã
åæ§ã®æ¹æ³ã§1.8ÎŒmã»ã«ãäœæãããäžäžåºæ¿ã®
ééã1.8ÎŒmãšããã®ã¯ãåè¿°ã®3ÎŒmã»ã«ãšæ¯èŒ
ããŠã³ã³ãã©ã¹ãåã³åå®å®æ§ãåŸãäžã§åªããŠ
ããããšãçµéšçã«å€ã€ãŠããããã§ãããåã
äžäžåºæ¿ã®äžè»žæ§é ååŠçé¢ãšããŠã¯ãäºãã«æ£
æ¹åïŒïŒïŒã«45°ãš20°ã®è§åºŠã§äº€å·®ããã©ãã³ã°
軞ãè² æ¹åïŒâïŒã«45°ãš20°ã®è§åºŠã§äº€å·®ããã©
ãã³ã°è»žåã³äºãã«å¹³è¡ïŒ0°ïŒãªã©ãã³ã°è»žãçš
ããïŒçš®ã®æ¶²æ¶çŽ åãããããäœæããã åè¿°ã®å1.8ÎŒmã»ã«ã®ãã«ãè§Îžã枬å®ãããš
ãããäžèšè¡šïŒã®ãšããã§ãã€ãããããïŒçš®ã®
液æ¶çŽ åã¯ãSmCãã®é«æž©åŽã«SmAãååšããŠ
ããããSmAã®å 軞ã¯äº€å·®ããã©ãã³ã°è»žã®ãª
ãè§åºŠã®äºçåç·äžã«ååšããŠããããšãå€ã€
ãã
æ¿ã«å€«ã 1000â«ã®ITOïŒInduim Tin OxeideïŒãš
1000â«ã®PVAïŒããªããã«ã¢ã«ãŒã«ïŒè¢«èãèšã
ããã®ã§ããã®PVA被èã«ã¯ã©ãã³ã°åŠçã«ã
ãäžè»žæ§é ååŠçããªããã倫ã ã®ã©ãã³ã°æ¹å
ãäºãã«å¹³è¡ã«ãªãããã«äºæã®åºæ¿ãã»ã«çµã¿
ããã ã»ã«åïŒäžäžåºæ¿ã®ééïŒã¯3ÎŒmã®ããŒãºç¶ã¹
ããŒãµãŒã§ä¿æããã ãã®æ¶²æ¶ã»ã«ã«åè¿°ã®æ··å液æ¶ãçæ¹çžäžã§ç
ç©ºæ³šå ¥ããŠãããçæ¹çžãã0.5âïŒïœã§30âãŸ
ã§åŸå·ããããšã«ããé åãããããšãã§ããã
以åŸã®å®éšã¯30âåºè¡ã€ãã ã¯ãã¹ãã³ã«äžã§ãã®ã»ã«ã芳å¯ãããšãäžæ§
ã§æ¬ é¥ã®ãªãã¢ããã¡ã€ã³ãåŸãããŠããã 液æ¶ã¯ãSmCãã®ç¶æ ã§ã³ã³ãã©ã¹ãã¯éåžž
ã«äœããéãšé»ã®ãã¡ã€ã³ã®åå®å®ç¶æ ãååšã
ãŠããããšãå€æããã ãã®æ¶²æ¶çŽ åã«ãã«ã¹é»çãããäžæ¹ã®å®å®ç¶
æ ã«æ¶²æ¶ååæ¹åãããããã¯ãã¹ãã³ã«äžã§ã»
ã«å転ãããããšã«ãããæãééå éã®å°ãªã
äœçœ®ãæããããããããã®ææç¶æ ã¯é»è²ã«ã¯
ãªããéè²ã§ãã€ãã液æ¶ååãåºæ¿ã«å¹³è¡ã§ã
ã€ã液æ¶ååãäžæ¹åã«ãããã°é»è²ãåŸããã
ã¯ãã§ããã æ¬çºæè ãã¯ããã®çè²ãåºæ¿ã®åçŽæ¹åïŒæ³
ç·ïŒã«å¯Ÿãã液æ¶ååã®ãããé åãåå ãšè
ããããã«å®éšãè¡ã€ãã å æºåŽã«ããåå åãšèŠ³å¯è åŽã«ããæ€å åã®
åå 軞ã®è§åºŠããããããšã«ãããããæç¶æ ã
åŸããããã©ããã§ããããé åç¶æ ãæ€åºãã
ããšãã§ããã 芳å¯è ããèŠãŠãæèšãŸãããæ£ãšããåæèš
ãŸãããè² ãšãããæ€å åãçŽäº€ãã³ã«ããè² æ¹
åã«10ã13°å転ãã次ãã§æ¶²æ¶ã»ã«ãå転ããŠ
æç¶æ ãæãããšãã§ããããŸããåå åãçŽäº€
ãã³ã«ããæ£æ¹åã«10ã13°å転ããŠãåæ§ã«æ
ç¶æ ãåŸããããåŸã€ãŠããã®çŽ åã§ã®æ¶²æ¶åå
ã¯ãæ£æ¹åã«ãããé åã圢æããŠãããäžäžåº
æ¿ã®é£æ¥é¢ã«ãã液æ¶ååã®é·è»žã10ã13°ã®ã
ããè§ÎŽããã€ãŠããããŠããããšãå€ãã 次ã«äžäžåºæ¿ã®ééã1.8ÎŒmãšããç¹ã亀差ã
ãã©ãã³ã°è»žïŒã©ãã³ã°åŠçã«ããäžè»žæ§é å
軞ïŒãçšããç¹ãåã³çåŽã®PVAèã«ä»£ããŠã
ãªã€ããèïŒããã¡ãªãé žäºç¡æ°Žç©ãšïŒïŒ4â²âãž
ã¢ãããžããšãã«ãšãŒãã«ãšã®è±æ°Žçž®åäœãããª
ãããªã¢ããã¯é žã®ïŒééïŒ ïŒ®âã¡ãã«ãããªã
ã³æº¶æ¶²ãå¡åžããåŸãå ç±ã«ããè±æ°Žéç°åå¿ã
çããããŠåœ¢æããããªã€ããïŒãçšããç¹ã®ã»
ãã¯ãåè¿°ã®3ÎŒmã»ã«ãäœæããæã®æ¹æ³ãšå šã
åæ§ã®æ¹æ³ã§1.8ÎŒmã»ã«ãäœæãããäžäžåºæ¿ã®
ééã1.8ÎŒmãšããã®ã¯ãåè¿°ã®3ÎŒmã»ã«ãšæ¯èŒ
ããŠã³ã³ãã©ã¹ãåã³åå®å®æ§ãåŸãäžã§åªããŠ
ããããšãçµéšçã«å€ã€ãŠããããã§ãããåã
äžäžåºæ¿ã®äžè»žæ§é ååŠçé¢ãšããŠã¯ãäºãã«æ£
æ¹åïŒïŒïŒã«45°ãš20°ã®è§åºŠã§äº€å·®ããã©ãã³ã°
軞ãè² æ¹åïŒâïŒã«45°ãš20°ã®è§åºŠã§äº€å·®ããã©
ãã³ã°è»žåã³äºãã«å¹³è¡ïŒ0°ïŒãªã©ãã³ã°è»žãçš
ããïŒçš®ã®æ¶²æ¶çŽ åãããããäœæããã åè¿°ã®å1.8ÎŒmã»ã«ã®ãã«ãè§Îžã枬å®ãããš
ãããäžèšè¡šïŒã®ãšããã§ãã€ãããããïŒçš®ã®
液æ¶çŽ åã¯ãSmCãã®é«æž©åŽã«SmAãååšããŠ
ããããSmAã®å 軞ã¯äº€å·®ããã©ãã³ã°è»žã®ãª
ãè§åºŠã®äºçåç·äžã«ååšããŠããããšãå€ã€
ãã
ãè¡šã
ãã®ïŒçš®ã®1.8ÎŒmã»ã«ã«ã€ããŠãåè¿°ã®3ÎŒmã»
ã«ã®æ¶²æ¶çŽ åã§ã®ãããè§ÎŽã枬å®ããæã®æ¹æ³
ãšåæ§ã®æ¹æ³ã§ç¬¬ïŒå³ã«ç€ºããããè§ÎŽã枬å®ã
ããšããã亀差è§â45°ãšâ20°ã®ã©ãã³ã°è»žãçš
ãã1.8ÎŒmã»ã«ã§ã¯ãäžäžåºæ¿ã®æ³ç·ã«å¯Ÿãã液
æ¶ååã®ãããè§ÎŽã¯èŠ³å¯ããããäžäžåºæ¿ã«é£
æ¥ãã液æ¶åå軞ã¯äºãã«å¹³è¡ã§ããããšãå€ã€
ããããã亀差è§â45°ãšâ20°ã®äº€å·®ã©ãã³ã°è»ž
ãçšãã1.8ÎŒmã»ã«ã§ã¯ïŒ19ãã«ããšâ19ãã«ã
ã®é§åçšç©åœ¢ãã«ã¹ã1msecã§äº€äºã«å°å ãç¶ã
ãŠãè¡šïŒã®ãã«ãè§Îžãç¶æããããšãã§ããã
ããã¯ãå®éã«æ åä¿¡å·ãæ å ±ä¿¡å·ã«å¿ããŠãã
ã®æ¶²æ¶çŽ åã«äŸãã°ç¹éæ59â193426å·å ¬å ±ãå
59â19347å·å ¬å ±ã«èšèŒãããæ§ãªæåå²é§åæ³
ãé©çšããå Žåã§ãã€ãŠããæ倧ãã«ãè§Îžãç¶
æããããšãã§ããç¹ã«å¯Ÿå¿ãããã®ã§ããã
åããã®æã®ééçã枬å®ãããšãããäœããçŽ
15ïŒ ã§ãã€ãã äžæ¹ã亀差è§0°ãïŒ20°ãšïŒ45°ã®äº€å·®ã©ãã³ã°è»ž
ãçšãã1.8ÎŒmã»ã«ã§ã¯ã第ïŒå³ã«ç€ºããããè§
ÎŽã枬å®ãããšãããäœãã®å Žåã10°ã13°ã®ã
ããè§ÎŽã枬å®ãããããã®æã®æ¶²æ¶çŽ åã®éé
çã枬å®ãããšãããäœãã®å ŽåãïŒãïŒïŒ ã§ã
ã€ãã ãã®çŸè±¡ã®è©³çŽ°ãªã¡ã«ããºã ã¯æããã§ã¯ãªã
ãã以äžã®ããã«æšè«ã§ããã ãããè§ÎŽããã€ãããé åç¶æ ã®æ¹åã¯ãåº
æ¿ãšãã®çé¢ä»è¿ã®æ¶²æ¶ãšã®çžäºäœçšã«ãã決ãŸ
ããã€ãŸããçé¢ä»è¿ã®æ¶²æ¶ååã®å極æ¹åãåº
æ¿ã«å¯ŸããŠå åãããå€åããããåºæ¿ã®æ§è³ªã«
ãã決ããããäžäžåºæ¿ãšãåäžã®é åå¶åŸ¡èã
çšããå Žåãåºæ¿éã®æ¶²æ¶ã¯åŒ·å¶çã«ãããé å
ããã€ãŠé åãããããã åºæ¿ã®æ³ç·ã«æ²¿ã€ããããé åã®æ¹åãšäžè»žæ§
é å軞ã®ãããæ¹åãåäžæ¹åã®å Žåãåºæ¿ã®ç
é¢ä»è¿ã®ååã¯ååºæ¿ã®é å軞æ¹åã«é åããã
ãããããé åç¶æ ãããå®å®ããããããšã«ãª
ãã 液æ¶ã®ãããé åæ¹åãšå察æ¹åã«é åèŠå¶å
ã®ç°ãªãäžè»žæ§é å軞ãããããå Žåãããªã
ã¡ããããé åæ¹åãšå察æ¹åã®è§åºŠã§ç°ãªãé
åèŠå¶åã®äžè»žæ§é å軞ãäºãã«äº€å·®ãããå Ž
åãååå極ãšçé¢ãšã®çžäºäœçšã«ããå®å®åãš
ãã«ã®ãŒããããäžè»žæ§é å軞ã«ãã匷å¶çãªã¢
ã³ã«ãªã³ã°ã«ããå®å®åãšãã«ã®ãŒã®æ¹ã倧ã
ããåŸã€ãŠå®å®ãªãã«ãåΞããã€ç¶æ ãå®çŸã§
ããã次ãã§ãäžè¿°ããïŒçš®ã®1.8ÎŒmã»ã«ã«ãã
ããé»å§70ãã«ãã§åšæ³¢æ°70Hzã®é«é»ç亀æµãçŽ
ïŒåéå°å ããïŒäº€æµå°å ååŠçïŒããã®æã®ã
ã«ãåΞâ²ã枬å®ããããã®çµæãäžè¡šïŒã«ç€ºãã
ã«ã®æ¶²æ¶çŽ åã§ã®ãããè§ÎŽã枬å®ããæã®æ¹æ³
ãšåæ§ã®æ¹æ³ã§ç¬¬ïŒå³ã«ç€ºããããè§ÎŽã枬å®ã
ããšããã亀差è§â45°ãšâ20°ã®ã©ãã³ã°è»žãçš
ãã1.8ÎŒmã»ã«ã§ã¯ãäžäžåºæ¿ã®æ³ç·ã«å¯Ÿãã液
æ¶ååã®ãããè§ÎŽã¯èŠ³å¯ããããäžäžåºæ¿ã«é£
æ¥ãã液æ¶åå軞ã¯äºãã«å¹³è¡ã§ããããšãå€ã€
ããããã亀差è§â45°ãšâ20°ã®äº€å·®ã©ãã³ã°è»ž
ãçšãã1.8ÎŒmã»ã«ã§ã¯ïŒ19ãã«ããšâ19ãã«ã
ã®é§åçšç©åœ¢ãã«ã¹ã1msecã§äº€äºã«å°å ãç¶ã
ãŠãè¡šïŒã®ãã«ãè§Îžãç¶æããããšãã§ããã
ããã¯ãå®éã«æ åä¿¡å·ãæ å ±ä¿¡å·ã«å¿ããŠãã
ã®æ¶²æ¶çŽ åã«äŸãã°ç¹éæ59â193426å·å ¬å ±ãå
59â19347å·å ¬å ±ã«èšèŒãããæ§ãªæåå²é§åæ³
ãé©çšããå Žåã§ãã€ãŠããæ倧ãã«ãè§Îžãç¶
æããããšãã§ããç¹ã«å¯Ÿå¿ãããã®ã§ããã
åããã®æã®ééçã枬å®ãããšãããäœããçŽ
15ïŒ ã§ãã€ãã äžæ¹ã亀差è§0°ãïŒ20°ãšïŒ45°ã®äº€å·®ã©ãã³ã°è»ž
ãçšãã1.8ÎŒmã»ã«ã§ã¯ã第ïŒå³ã«ç€ºããããè§
ÎŽã枬å®ãããšãããäœãã®å Žåã10°ã13°ã®ã
ããè§ÎŽã枬å®ãããããã®æã®æ¶²æ¶çŽ åã®éé
çã枬å®ãããšãããäœãã®å ŽåãïŒãïŒïŒ ã§ã
ã€ãã ãã®çŸè±¡ã®è©³çŽ°ãªã¡ã«ããºã ã¯æããã§ã¯ãªã
ãã以äžã®ããã«æšè«ã§ããã ãããè§ÎŽããã€ãããé åç¶æ ã®æ¹åã¯ãåº
æ¿ãšãã®çé¢ä»è¿ã®æ¶²æ¶ãšã®çžäºäœçšã«ãã決ãŸ
ããã€ãŸããçé¢ä»è¿ã®æ¶²æ¶ååã®å極æ¹åãåº
æ¿ã«å¯ŸããŠå åãããå€åããããåºæ¿ã®æ§è³ªã«
ãã決ããããäžäžåºæ¿ãšãåäžã®é åå¶åŸ¡èã
çšããå Žåãåºæ¿éã®æ¶²æ¶ã¯åŒ·å¶çã«ãããé å
ããã€ãŠé åãããããã åºæ¿ã®æ³ç·ã«æ²¿ã€ããããé åã®æ¹åãšäžè»žæ§
é å軞ã®ãããæ¹åãåäžæ¹åã®å Žåãåºæ¿ã®ç
é¢ä»è¿ã®ååã¯ååºæ¿ã®é å軞æ¹åã«é åããã
ãããããé åç¶æ ãããå®å®ããããããšã«ãª
ãã 液æ¶ã®ãããé åæ¹åãšå察æ¹åã«é åèŠå¶å
ã®ç°ãªãäžè»žæ§é å軞ãããããå Žåãããªã
ã¡ããããé åæ¹åãšå察æ¹åã®è§åºŠã§ç°ãªãé
åèŠå¶åã®äžè»žæ§é å軞ãäºãã«äº€å·®ãããå Ž
åãååå極ãšçé¢ãšã®çžäºäœçšã«ããå®å®åãš
ãã«ã®ãŒããããäžè»žæ§é å軞ã«ãã匷å¶çãªã¢
ã³ã«ãªã³ã°ã«ããå®å®åãšãã«ã®ãŒã®æ¹ã倧ã
ããåŸã€ãŠå®å®ãªãã«ãåΞããã€ç¶æ ãå®çŸã§
ããã次ãã§ãäžè¿°ããïŒçš®ã®1.8ÎŒmã»ã«ã«ãã
ããé»å§70ãã«ãã§åšæ³¢æ°70Hzã®é«é»ç亀æµãçŽ
ïŒåéå°å ããïŒäº€æµå°å ååŠçïŒããã®æã®ã
ã«ãåΞâ²ã枬å®ããããã®çµæãäžè¡šïŒã«ç€ºãã
ãè¡šã
ãã®ïŒçš®ã®1.8ÎŒmã»ã«ã«ã€ããŠããããè§ÎŽã
枬å®ãããšããã亀差è§â45°ãšâ20°ã®äº€å·®ã©ã
ã³ã°è»žãçšãã液æ¶çŽ åã§ã¯ãäžäžåºæ¿ã®æ³ç·ã«
察ãã液æ¶ååã®ãããè§ÎŽã¯èŠ³å¯ããããäžäž
åºæ¿ã«é£æ¥ãã液æ¶ååã¯äºãã«å¹³è¡ã§ããããš
ãå€ã€ããããã亀差è§â45°ãšâ20°ã®äº€å·®ã©ã
ã³ã°è»žãçšãã液æ¶çŽ åã§ã¯ïŒ19ãã«ããšâ19ã
ã«ãã®é§åçšç©åœ¢ãã«ã¹ã1msecã§äº€äºã«å°å ã
ç¶ããŠãè¡šïŒã®ãã«ãè§Îžâ²ãç¶æããããšãã§ã
ãããã®æã®ééçã枬å®ãããšãããäœããçŽ
18ïŒ ã§ãã€ãã äžæ¹ã亀差è§0°ãïŒ20°ãšïŒ45°ã®äº€å·®ã©ãã³ã°è»ž
ãçšãã1.8ÎŒmã»ã«ã§ã¯ã亀æµå°å ååŠçãæœã
ãåŸã«ããããã®ãããè§ÎŽã枬å®ãããšããã
ãããè§ÎŽã¯è§£æ¶ãããåè¿°ã®è¡šïŒã«ç€ºãããã«
ãè§Îžâ²ããã€ãŠæ¶²æ¶ååãé åãããŠããããã
ãããã®æ¶²æ¶çŽ åã«åè¿°ã®åæ§ã®é§åçšç©åœ¢ãã«
ã¹ãå°å ããŠåå®å®ç¶æ éã®å転ãç¹°è¿ãè¡ã€ã
ãšããã液æ¶çŽ åã«ããããã«ãè§ã¯æ倧ãã«ã
è§Îžâ²ããåŸã ã«å°ãããªããæçµçã«ã¯äº€æµå°å
ååŠçåã®å°ãããã«ãè§Îžã«æžè¡°ããããšãå€
ã€ãããã®æã®æ¶²æ¶çŽ åã®ééçã枬å®ãããšã
ããäœãã®å ŽåãïŒãïŒïŒ ã§ãã€ãã å®æœäŸ ïŒ äžäžåºæ¿ã1.8ÎŒmãšããç¹ã亀差ã©ãã³ã°è»žã
çšããç¹ãããã³çåŽã®PVAèäžã«é åæå¶è
ãšããŠãã·ã©ã³ã«ãããªã³ã°å€H2ïŒCH2ïŒ2NH
ïŒCH2ïŒ3SiïŒOCH3ïŒ3ã«ãã圢æãã被èãèšãã
ç¹ã®ã»ãã¯ãåè¿°ãã3ÎŒmã»ã«ãäœæããæã®æ¹
æ³ãšå šãåæ§ã®æ¹æ³ã§1.8ÎŒmã»ã«ãäœæãããã
ã®éãé åæå¶èã¯ãåè¿°ã®ã·ã©ã³ã«ãããªã³ã°
å€ïŒïœã«å¯ŸããŠãšã¿ããŒã«100mlãçšãã溶解ã
ãå¡åžæ¶²ãã¹ãã³ããŒå¡åžæ©ã§30åéã2000r.p.
mã§ã¹ãã³å¡åžããŠåœ¢æãããäœãã液æ¶çŽ åãš
ããŠã¯ã亀差è§0°ãâ20°ãšâ45°ã®ã©ãã³ã°è»žãçš
ããã 亀差è§0°ã®ã©ãã³ã°è»žãçšãã1.8ÎŒmã»ã«ã§ã®
ãããè§ÎŽåã³ãããæ¹åã枬å®ãããšãããã
ããè§ÎŽã¯11°ã12°ã§ããããæ¹åã¯æ£æ¹åã§ã
ãããšãå€ã€ãã 次ã«ã亀差è§â20°ãšâ45°ã®ã©ãã³ã°è»žãçšã
ã1.8ÎŒmã»ã«ã§ã¯ãäžäžåºæ¿ã®æ³ç·æ¹åã«åœ¢æã
ãã液æ¶ååã®ãããé åã¯è§£æ¶ãããŠãããã
ã®æã®ãã«ãè§Îžã枬å®ããããã®çµæãšãã®æ
ã®ééçãè¡šïŒã«ç€ºãã
枬å®ãããšããã亀差è§â45°ãšâ20°ã®äº€å·®ã©ã
ã³ã°è»žãçšãã液æ¶çŽ åã§ã¯ãäžäžåºæ¿ã®æ³ç·ã«
察ãã液æ¶ååã®ãããè§ÎŽã¯èŠ³å¯ããããäžäž
åºæ¿ã«é£æ¥ãã液æ¶ååã¯äºãã«å¹³è¡ã§ããããš
ãå€ã€ããããã亀差è§â45°ãšâ20°ã®äº€å·®ã©ã
ã³ã°è»žãçšãã液æ¶çŽ åã§ã¯ïŒ19ãã«ããšâ19ã
ã«ãã®é§åçšç©åœ¢ãã«ã¹ã1msecã§äº€äºã«å°å ã
ç¶ããŠãè¡šïŒã®ãã«ãè§Îžâ²ãç¶æããããšãã§ã
ãããã®æã®ééçã枬å®ãããšãããäœããçŽ
18ïŒ ã§ãã€ãã äžæ¹ã亀差è§0°ãïŒ20°ãšïŒ45°ã®äº€å·®ã©ãã³ã°è»ž
ãçšãã1.8ÎŒmã»ã«ã§ã¯ã亀æµå°å ååŠçãæœã
ãåŸã«ããããã®ãããè§ÎŽã枬å®ãããšããã
ãããè§ÎŽã¯è§£æ¶ãããåè¿°ã®è¡šïŒã«ç€ºãããã«
ãè§Îžâ²ããã€ãŠæ¶²æ¶ååãé åãããŠããããã
ãããã®æ¶²æ¶çŽ åã«åè¿°ã®åæ§ã®é§åçšç©åœ¢ãã«
ã¹ãå°å ããŠåå®å®ç¶æ éã®å転ãç¹°è¿ãè¡ã€ã
ãšããã液æ¶çŽ åã«ããããã«ãè§ã¯æ倧ãã«ã
è§Îžâ²ããåŸã ã«å°ãããªããæçµçã«ã¯äº€æµå°å
ååŠçåã®å°ãããã«ãè§Îžã«æžè¡°ããããšãå€
ã€ãããã®æã®æ¶²æ¶çŽ åã®ééçã枬å®ãããšã
ããäœãã®å ŽåãïŒãïŒïŒ ã§ãã€ãã å®æœäŸ ïŒ äžäžåºæ¿ã1.8ÎŒmãšããç¹ã亀差ã©ãã³ã°è»žã
çšããç¹ãããã³çåŽã®PVAèäžã«é åæå¶è
ãšããŠãã·ã©ã³ã«ãããªã³ã°å€H2ïŒCH2ïŒ2NH
ïŒCH2ïŒ3SiïŒOCH3ïŒ3ã«ãã圢æãã被èãèšãã
ç¹ã®ã»ãã¯ãåè¿°ãã3ÎŒmã»ã«ãäœæããæã®æ¹
æ³ãšå šãåæ§ã®æ¹æ³ã§1.8ÎŒmã»ã«ãäœæãããã
ã®éãé åæå¶èã¯ãåè¿°ã®ã·ã©ã³ã«ãããªã³ã°
å€ïŒïœã«å¯ŸããŠãšã¿ããŒã«100mlãçšãã溶解ã
ãå¡åžæ¶²ãã¹ãã³ããŒå¡åžæ©ã§30åéã2000r.p.
mã§ã¹ãã³å¡åžããŠåœ¢æãããäœãã液æ¶çŽ åãš
ããŠã¯ã亀差è§0°ãâ20°ãšâ45°ã®ã©ãã³ã°è»žãçš
ããã 亀差è§0°ã®ã©ãã³ã°è»žãçšãã1.8ÎŒmã»ã«ã§ã®
ãããè§ÎŽåã³ãããæ¹åã枬å®ãããšãããã
ããè§ÎŽã¯11°ã12°ã§ããããæ¹åã¯æ£æ¹åã§ã
ãããšãå€ã€ãã 次ã«ã亀差è§â20°ãšâ45°ã®ã©ãã³ã°è»žãçšã
ã1.8ÎŒmã»ã«ã§ã¯ãäžäžåºæ¿ã®æ³ç·æ¹åã«åœ¢æã
ãã液æ¶ååã®ãããé åã¯è§£æ¶ãããŠãããã
ã®æã®ãã«ãè§Îžã枬å®ããããã®çµæãšãã®æ
ã®ééçãè¡šïŒã«ç€ºãã
ãè¡šã
次ã«ãïŒ21ãã«ãâ21ãã«ãã®é§åçšç©åœ¢ãã«
ã¹ã1msecã§å°å ããåå®å®ç¶æ éã®å転ãç¹°è¿
ãè¡ã€ããšããããã®æã®ãã«ãè§åã³ééçã«
ã¯äœãå€åãçããŠããªãããšãå€ã€ãã å®æœäŸ ïŒ äžäžåºæ¿ã1.8ÎŒmãšããç¹ãäžæ¹ã®äžè»žæ§é å
軞ãPVAèã«ã©ãã³ã°åŠçã«ãã€ãŠä»äžããã©
ãã³ã°è»žãšããä»æ¹ã®äžè»žæ§é å軞ãSiO2ã®æ
æ¹èžçã«ãã€ãŠä»äžããç¹åã³ãããã®äžè»žæ§é
å軞ãäºãã«äº€å·®ãããç¹ã®ã»ãã¯ãåè¿°ãã
3ÎŒmã»ã«ãäœæããæã®æ¹æ³ãšå šãåæ§ã®æ¹æ³ã§
1.8ÎŒmã»ã«ãäœæãããäœãã液æ¶çŽ åãšããŠ
ã¯ã亀差è§0°ãâ20°ãšâ45°ã®ã©ãã³ã°è»žãçšã
ãã 亀差è§0°ã®ã©ãã³ã°è»žãçšãã液æ¶çŽ åã§ã®ã
ããè§ÎŽåã³ãããæ¹åã枬å®ãããšããããã
ãè§ÎŽã¯13ã14°ã§ããããæ¹åã¯æ£æ¹åã§ãã
ããšãå€ã€ããã亀差â20°ãšâ45°ã®äº€å·®ããäž
軞æ§é å軞ãçšãã1.8ÎŒmã§ã¯ãäœããäžäžåºæ¿
ã®æ³ç·æ¹åã«åœ¢æããã液æ¶ååã®ãããé åã¯
解æ¶ãããŠããã 次ã«ãã«ãè§Îžã枬å®ããããã®çµæãšãã®æ
ã®ééçãè¡šïŒã«ç€ºãã
ã¹ã1msecã§å°å ããåå®å®ç¶æ éã®å転ãç¹°è¿
ãè¡ã€ããšããããã®æã®ãã«ãè§åã³ééçã«
ã¯äœãå€åãçããŠããªãããšãå€ã€ãã å®æœäŸ ïŒ äžäžåºæ¿ã1.8ÎŒmãšããç¹ãäžæ¹ã®äžè»žæ§é å
軞ãPVAèã«ã©ãã³ã°åŠçã«ãã€ãŠä»äžããã©
ãã³ã°è»žãšããä»æ¹ã®äžè»žæ§é å軞ãSiO2ã®æ
æ¹èžçã«ãã€ãŠä»äžããç¹åã³ãããã®äžè»žæ§é
å軞ãäºãã«äº€å·®ãããç¹ã®ã»ãã¯ãåè¿°ãã
3ÎŒmã»ã«ãäœæããæã®æ¹æ³ãšå šãåæ§ã®æ¹æ³ã§
1.8ÎŒmã»ã«ãäœæãããäœãã液æ¶çŽ åãšããŠ
ã¯ã亀差è§0°ãâ20°ãšâ45°ã®ã©ãã³ã°è»žãçšã
ãã 亀差è§0°ã®ã©ãã³ã°è»žãçšãã液æ¶çŽ åã§ã®ã
ããè§ÎŽåã³ãããæ¹åã枬å®ãããšããããã
ãè§ÎŽã¯13ã14°ã§ããããæ¹åã¯æ£æ¹åã§ãã
ããšãå€ã€ããã亀差â20°ãšâ45°ã®äº€å·®ããäž
軞æ§é å軞ãçšãã1.8ÎŒmã§ã¯ãäœããäžäžåºæ¿
ã®æ³ç·æ¹åã«åœ¢æããã液æ¶ååã®ãããé åã¯
解æ¶ãããŠããã 次ã«ãã«ãè§Îžã枬å®ããããã®çµæãšãã®æ
ã®ééçãè¡šïŒã«ç€ºãã
æ¬çºæã®åå®å®æ§åŒ·èªé»æ§æ¶²æ¶çŽ åã«ããã°ã
äžäžåºæ¿ã«é£æ¥ãã匷èªé»æ§æ¶²æ¶ååã®è»žãå¹³è¡
ã«é åããããšãã§ãããã®ããã«çŽäº€ãã³ã«ã§
æ倧ã®ã³ã³ãã©ã¹ããåŸããããããé åã§åœ¢æ
ãããåå®å®æ§åŒ·èªé»æ§æ¶²æ¶çŽ åã§ã¯æ倧ã®ã³ã³
ãã©ã¹ããåŸãããã«éçŽäº€ãã³ã«ãå©çšããŠã
ããããã®ããã«çããŠããèŠéè§äŸåæ§ãçã
ãããšããªãäžããã«ãΞè§ãå¢å€§ãããããšã
ã§ãããã®ããã³ã³ãã©ã¹ãã®åäžãã¯ããããš
ãã§ããã
äžäžåºæ¿ã«é£æ¥ãã匷èªé»æ§æ¶²æ¶ååã®è»žãå¹³è¡
ã«é åããããšãã§ãããã®ããã«çŽäº€ãã³ã«ã§
æ倧ã®ã³ã³ãã©ã¹ããåŸããããããé åã§åœ¢æ
ãããåå®å®æ§åŒ·èªé»æ§æ¶²æ¶çŽ åã§ã¯æ倧ã®ã³ã³
ãã©ã¹ããåŸãããã«éçŽäº€ãã³ã«ãå©çšããŠã
ããããã®ããã«çããŠããèŠéè§äŸåæ§ãçã
ãããšããªãäžããã«ãΞè§ãå¢å€§ãããããšã
ã§ãããã®ããã³ã³ãã©ã¹ãã®åäžãã¯ããããš
ãã§ããã
第ïŒå³ã¯ããããæ§é ã®ã«ã€ã©ã«ã¹ã¡ã¯ããã¯
çžãçšãã液æ¶çŽ åãæš¡åŒçã«è¡šããæèŠå³ã§ã
ãã第ïŒå³ã¯ãéãããæ§é ã®ã«ã€ã©ã«ã¹ã¡ã¯ã
ãã¯çžãçšãã液æ¶çŽ åãæš¡åŒçã«è¡šããæèŠå³
ã§ããã第ïŒå³ã¯ãåºæ¿ã®æ³ç·ã«æ²¿ã€ãŠãããé
åãã液æ¶ååãæš¡åŒçã«è¡šããå¹³é¢å³ã§ããã
第ïŒå³ã¯æ¬çºæã®æ¶²æ¶çŽ åã§çšããäžè»žé å軞ãš
液æ¶ååã®è»žãšã®é¢ä¿ãè¡šããå¹³é¢å³ã§ããã第
ïŒå³ã¯ãæ¬çºæã®æ¶²æ¶çŽ åã®ïŒã€ã®æ æ§ãè¡šãã
æé¢å³ã§ããã
çžãçšãã液æ¶çŽ åãæš¡åŒçã«è¡šããæèŠå³ã§ã
ãã第ïŒå³ã¯ãéãããæ§é ã®ã«ã€ã©ã«ã¹ã¡ã¯ã
ãã¯çžãçšãã液æ¶çŽ åãæš¡åŒçã«è¡šããæèŠå³
ã§ããã第ïŒå³ã¯ãåºæ¿ã®æ³ç·ã«æ²¿ã€ãŠãããé
åãã液æ¶ååãæš¡åŒçã«è¡šããå¹³é¢å³ã§ããã
第ïŒå³ã¯æ¬çºæã®æ¶²æ¶çŽ åã§çšããäžè»žé å軞ãš
液æ¶ååã®è»žãšã®é¢ä¿ãè¡šããå¹³é¢å³ã§ããã第
ïŒå³ã¯ãæ¬çºæã®æ¶²æ¶çŽ åã®ïŒã€ã®æ æ§ãè¡šãã
æé¢å³ã§ããã
Claims (1)
- ïŒ äžè»žæ§é ååŠçé¢ãæããïŒæã®åºæ¿éã«å
å®å®ç¶æ äžã®åŒ·èªé»æ§æ¶²æ¶ãé 眮ããã»ã«æ§é ã
æãã液æ¶çŽ åã«ãããŠãäžè»žæ§é å軞ã®æ¹åã
äºãã«åäžãšããäžã€ç¡é»çãšããæãåèšåŒ·èª
é»æ§æ¶²æ¶ã®ååãåèšåºæ¿ã®æ³ç·ã«æ²¿ã€ãŠããã
ãŠé åããåŸåãæããŠãããåèšäžè»žæ§é ååŠ
çé¢ãåèšãããé åã®æ¹åãšå察æ¹åã®è§åºŠã§
äºãã«äº€å·®ããäžè»žæ§é å軞ãæããäžã€äºãã«
ç°ãªãé åèŠå¶åãæããŠããããšãç¹åŸŽãšãã
液æ¶çŽ åã
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP29445685A JPS62151825A (ja) | 1985-12-26 | 1985-12-26 | 液æ¶çŽ å |
US06/885,658 US4778259A (en) | 1985-07-17 | 1986-07-15 | Ferroelectric liquid crystal devices having reverse twist angle and stable states resulting from A.C. excitation |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP29445685A JPS62151825A (ja) | 1985-12-26 | 1985-12-26 | 液æ¶çŽ å |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPS62151825A JPS62151825A (ja) | 1987-07-06 |
JPH0415452B2 true JPH0415452B2 (ja) | 1992-03-18 |
Family
ID=17808014
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP29445685A Granted JPS62151825A (ja) | 1985-07-17 | 1985-12-26 | 液æ¶çŽ å |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS62151825A (ja) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS62160426A (ja) * | 1986-01-08 | 1987-07-16 | Sharp Corp | 液æ¶è¡šç€ºçŽ å |
JPS63158521A (ja) * | 1986-12-22 | 1988-07-01 | Semiconductor Energy Lab Co Ltd | 液æ¶è¡šç€ºè£ 眮 |
JP4789704B2 (ja) * | 2006-06-07 | 2011-10-12 | ã·ããºã³ãã¡ã€ã³ããã¯ããšã¿æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿ | 液æ¶ããã«ã®è£œé æ¹æ³ |
-
1985
- 1985-12-26 JP JP29445685A patent/JPS62151825A/ja active Granted
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS62151825A (ja) | 1987-07-06 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US4778259A (en) | Ferroelectric liquid crystal devices having reverse twist angle and stable states resulting from A.C. excitation | |
US4796979A (en) | Ferroelectric liquid crystal device having dual laminated alignment films | |
JPH05273537A (ja) | 匷èªé»æ§æ¶²æ¶çŽ ååã³è©²çŽ åã®è£œé æ¹æ³ | |
JP2814157B2 (ja) | ã«ã€ã©ã«ã¹ã¡ã¯ããã¯æ¶²æ¶çŽ å | |
JPH05224241A (ja) | 液æ¶çŽ åãåã³ãããçšããè¡šç€ºè£ çœ® | |
JP2647828B2 (ja) | 液æ¶çŽ åã®è£œé æ³ | |
JPH0415452B2 (ja) | ||
JPS61267736A (ja) | 液æ¶çŽ å | |
JPH05203961A (ja) | 匷èªé»æ§æ¶²æ¶çŽ å | |
JPS61241727A (ja) | 液æ¶çŽ å | |
JPH05341288A (ja) | 匷èªé»æ§æ¶²æ¶ããã€ã¹ | |
JPH0415451B2 (ja) | ||
JPH0644121B2 (ja) | 液æ¶çŽ å | |
JPH0468605B2 (ja) | ||
JP2681779B2 (ja) | 液æ¶ã»ã« | |
JPH0727139B2 (ja) | ã«ã€ã©ã«ã¹ã¡ã¯ããã¯æ¶²æ¶çŽ å | |
JP3180171B2 (ja) | 匷èªé»æ§æ¶²æ¶çŽ å | |
JPS61205920A (ja) | 液æ¶çŽ å | |
JP2614347B2 (ja) | 液æ¶çŽ ååã³æ¶²æ¶è¡šç€ºè£ 眮 | |
JPS62295021A (ja) | 液æ¶çŽ åã®è£œé æ¹æ³ | |
JPH0618855A (ja) | 液æ¶ã·ã£ãã¿ãŒ | |
JPS61208030A (ja) | 液æ¶çŽ å | |
JP3062978B2 (ja) | 匷èªé»æ§æ¶²æ¶çŽ å | |
JPH0540266A (ja) | 液æ¶çŽ å | |
JPH07325304A (ja) | 液æ¶è¡šç€ºçŽ å |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |