JPH04144988A - Soil conditioner and production thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To improve fertilization effect by adding an additive composed mainly of CaO and capable of reacting with lower fatty acids in a perishable waste and producing fatty acid calcium salts to the perishable waste composed of a solid-liquid mixture. CONSTITUTION:Water is added to a perishable waste such as cattle excretions, an excessive sludge of service water or sewerage or SHOCHU (distilled alcoholic beverage made from rice or sweet potato) less to prepare a slurried mixture having 75-97wt.% water content. With 100 pts.wt. resultant perishable waste slurry, 5-25 pts.wt. porous additive containing CaO as the main component, Ca(OH)2, CaCO3 and other substances is admixed and the obtained mixture is reacted with stirring for a prescribed hour. The above-mentioned additive reacts with lower fatty acids such as formic acid and acetic acid, organic phosphates, phospholipids and higher fatty acids respectively contained in the perishable waste to form respective complex salts. Sparingly soluble calcium salts are produced thereby and a composite material containing inorganic substances suitably involved in organic substances is obtained. The resultant composite material is then dried, thus giving the objective soil conditioner excellent in fertilization effect.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention is a method for adding calcium oxide as a main component to livestock manure, excess water and sewage sludge, and other putrescible wastes (including shochu scum, animal blood, etc.). The present invention relates to a soil improvement material obtained by reacting agents and a method for producing the same.

<Conventional technologies and their problems] Conventional soil improvement materials can be roughly divided into those made of chemicals such as potassium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, and urea, and those that are rotten soil improvement materials that utilize a composting reaction. There are also soil improvement materials that utilize microorganisms and fungal cells.

Although those using chemicals are fast-acting,
It has the disadvantage of destroying the growth environment for effective microorganisms and reducing soil fertility. It is also common practice to spray slaked lime on the soil to neutralize acidic soil, prevent acid fermentation, and prevent the outbreak of pests and diseases, but this only takes advantage of the alkaline properties of slaked lime. Also, due to its aggregation effect, quantitative control is difficult, and concentration disturbances due to bases are likely to occur.

In the case of products that utilize composting reactions, the reaction takes too long, and nitrogen is often absorbed by microorganisms, resulting in a phenomenon of nitrogen starvation.

Furthermore, soil improvement materials that utilize microorganisms have problems in that they are difficult to adapt to changes in the environment, and in particular have low resistance to chemicals.

In view of the problems of various conventional soil conditioners, the present invention takes less time to produce than composting, creates an environment that activates the behavior of effective microorganisms, and improves fertilizers by adding fertilizing ingredients. The purpose is to provide a soil improvement material that can be easily and reliably absorbed, maintains its fertilizing properties, and increases soil fertility, and a method for producing the same, thereby solving the problems faced by the above-mentioned conventional techniques. That is.

(Means for Solving the Problems) In order to achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the soil improvement material of the present invention is a soil improvement material made of a reaction product of solid-liquid mixed putrescible waste and calcium oxide. It is characterized in that lower fatty acids such as formic acid contained in the above-mentioned putrescible waste are fixed as fatty acid calcium.

In addition, the method of the present invention adds to solid-liquid mixed putrescible waste an additive that contains calcium oxide as a main component and reacts with lower fatty acids contained in the putrescible waste to produce fatty acid calcium. It is characterized by the fact that it is added.

The putrescible wastes used as raw materials in the present invention include pig human waste (including feces), chicken manure and other livestock manure, animal blood, excess water and sewage sludge, and shochu scum, which are putrefactive wastes discharged from food manufacturing factories. There are some leftovers. For example, in the case of pig human waste, it is usually 86.5% to 94.5%, in the case of dried chicken manure, it is usually 15 to 30%, in the case of excess water and sewage sludge, it is usually 75 to 97%, and in the case of food factories. In the case of perishable residue, it usually contains 75 to 95% moisture, and when used as a raw material for the present invention, the moisture content is 75 to 97%.
It is desirable that the condition be adjusted to the following condition.

The soil improvement material according to the present invention is obtained by adding additives to such raw materials and mixing and stirring the mixture. Specifically, it is produced by adding 5 to 25 parts by weight of a predetermined additive to 100 parts by weight of the above-mentioned putrescible industrial waste and reacting the two.

The additive is preferably a highly active one that has quicklime as its main component and satisfies the following conditions.

■High content of calcium oxide (preferably 95% or more) and low content of calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate and other substances.

In addition, a small amount of magnesium oxide (for example, 5
% or less) may be included.

■Porous, with a large surface area and specific surface area, and a highly developed pore structure.

■Have excellent dispersibility, such as the ability to quickly disperse widely in all directions, when a small amount comes into contact with water.

■When a medium amount is added to water, it reacts violently and quickly to generate water vapor.

■When a certain amount is added to water, it reacts sufficiently and a temperature rise close to the theoretical value is observed.

- After contact with water, the slurry whose main component is slaked lime has a low sedimentation rate and no sedimentation phenomenon is observed.

This additive causes a complex salt-forming reaction not only with phospholipids and higher fatty acids contained in the putrescible waste but also with lower fatty acids such as formic acid and acetic acid, producing a stable and poorly soluble calcium salt. The substances produced by such chemical reactions, especially complex salt reactions with lower fatty acids, are completely different from physically stable substances produced by the aggregation effect when slaked lime is added, for example.

Formic acid is contained in almost all organic wastes, but it is a relatively unstable and easily volatilized substance. It is thought that this may occur due to changes over time. In the present invention, due to the inherent action of calcium oxide, the formic acid contained from the beginning can be quickly fixed as calcium formate.
In addition, it is also possible to fix lower fatty acids such as formic acid, which is produced by further decomposition of proteins in organic wastes and amino acids produced by the decomposition, as calcium salts.

On the other hand, when calcium hydroxide is used as an additive, it is extremely difficult to fix formic acid, that is, form a calcium salt, and the formic acid either remains and evaporates into the air, or is washed away by moisture such as rainwater. Become.

In the present invention, about 98% of other organic substances contained in the putrescible waste, such as water-soluble phosphoric acid, is fixed as active calcium phosphate.

As a result, in the soil conditioner of the present invention, calcium phosphate and calcium fatty acids produced by decomposing persistent components such as organic phosphoric acid, phospholipids, and glycerides, as well as calcium-dispersed organisms, are present in the organic matter. It forms a complex in which inorganic substances are moderately dispersed.

Furthermore, in the present invention, by adding calcium oxide, basic components such as ammonia and amines contained in the putrescible waste are removed in a gaseous state. That is, a denitrification phenomenon occurs, and it becomes possible to adjust the nitrogen content in the soil improvement material based on the present invention to an appropriate amount. Therefore, excessive nitrogen in the soil, changes over time due to post-fermentation, and the formation of an anaerobic environment can be prevented.

If the reaction time with additives is not long, a kneading phenomenon (paste formation, fineness) will occur, and the resulting soil conditioner will be difficult to form agglomerated structures and will be difficult to dry.
In terms of numbers, it is desirable to wait within 15 minutes. However, if the raw materials contain substances that are difficult to react with, such as phospholipids, liquid oils, basic substances, and difficult-to-decompose polymer compounds, the reaction time may be extended as appropriate.

The additive may not be added in the above amount in two times, but may be added in multiple times.

Calcium phosphate in its active form is produced by the reaction of the above-mentioned additive with water-soluble phosphoric acid present in putrescible waste and phosphoric acid contained mainly in phospholipids. Therefore, in this soil conditioner, the water-soluble phosphoric acid and lipids contained in the putrescible waste, which is the raw material, are significantly reduced. In the case of putrescible waste containing a relatively large amount of glyceride, the glyceride is hydrolyzed by a base derived from highly active calcium oxide to produce a stable, poorly soluble calcium salt. Therefore, the present soil conditioner does not cause anaerobic fermentation, gas, or pests caused by unreacted residues.

In addition, this soil improvement material is obtained by rapidly diffusing the calcium oxide additive into the putrefying waste, resulting in its volume expanding once and then being dried, creating a large number of voids and increasing the porosity. Alternatively, it is produced as a material with a large porosity.

In this way, this soil improvement material is porous and fixes most of the organic matter contained in putrescible waste as calcium salts, so when mixed with soil, its pH changes. Declines rapidly. Incidentally, when the soil improvement material according to the present invention was reduced to soil, the initial pH was 11, which decreased to 7.5 after 2 hours.

On the other hand, when the same putrescible waste is mixed with soil with the same amount of slaked lime as the additive of the present invention, the initial pH
tt still maintained 10 after 2 hours.

Furthermore, as mentioned above, this soil conditioner is produced by decomposing persistent components such as organic phosphoric acid.
It contains inorganic calcium phosphate, fatty acid calcium with inorganic and organic properties, and an organic substance in which an inorganic substance is dispersed in an organic compound, and when viewed as a whole, it is a complex in which an organic substance and an inorganic substance are intertwined, in other words, It is composed of a complex mixture of organic matter and inorganic matter.

For this reason, the present soil conditioner has moderate slow-release or slow-release properties.

That is, in the present invention, the action of calcium ions (Ca2+) and hydroxyl groups (OH-) is the basis, but since calcium oxide as an additive at the time of reaction generation has high activity, calcium physically moves in all directions. (uniformly distributed in all three-dimensional directions).

In addition, as a result of the use of these additives, the temperature increases and the viscosity decreases during formation, and at the same time, cellulose, lignin, high molecular weight proteins, phospholipids, etc. are excited under alkaline conditions, and calcium oxide and water are combined. The local high heat generated by the reaction decomposes the raw material into low-molecular compounds. Calcium is then bonded to the decomposed terminal group to form a relatively poorly soluble calcium salt.

On the other hand, free calcium forms chelate compounds with various decomposed compounds, and is dispersed as a core of the chelate compounds.

That is, carboxyl groups that have undergone considerable decomposition rapidly form relatively poorly soluble calcium salts. Free phosphate groups rapidly yield stable calcium phosphate. The phosphate groups in the phospholipid bodies are partially liberated and likewise form calcium phosphate.

Calcium ions act strongly on polymeric compounds having electro-absorbing groups containing oxygen atoms through thermal and mechanical diffusion, decomposing them and at the same time penetrating them as calcium salts.

Furthermore, the formed calcium compound acts to immobilize proteins having amine groups or carboxyl groups.

Due to the above-mentioned phenomenon, a composite organism according to the present invention is formed in which calcium salts are dispersed in raw materials consisting of a wide variety of components.

(Example) Examples of the present invention will be shown below.

[Example 1] The above additive was added to a slurry whose main raw material was pig manure, stirred, and then dried (the ratio of slurry to additive was 2z).
1 is Sample A, the same ratio is 1:1 is Sample B, and the same ratio is 1:2 is Sample C) and slaked lime is added to the above slurry at a ratio of 1 = 1. After stirring, The dried sample (sample D) and the sample obtained by drying only the slurry (sample E) were immersed in water and after a predetermined period of time, the presence or absence of formic acid contained in the supernatant was checked using high performance liquid chromatography. After testing by the method, samples A to E were subsequently immersed in a hydrochloric acid solution and the presence or absence of formic acid contained in the immersion was examined again, and the following results were obtained.

The test results are summarized in Table 1.

Table-1 [Judgment Criteria]: Non-detection, +: Nuclear detection ++: Large amount detection As is clear from the above results, samples A to C obtained by applying the method of the present invention all showed the presence of formic acid in the acid solution. On the other hand, in slaked lime and untreated slurry, formic acid is not present in the acid solution, but rather exists in large amounts in the aqueous solution. This means that in the case of samples A to C, formic acid reacts with calcium oxide to form a complex salt, and calcium formate, which does not dissolve in water, is eluted by the acid, whereas in the case of slaked lime, it is dissolved simply by coagulation. The results show that formic acid is simply combined with calcium hydroxide.

[Example 2] Based on the present invention, a reaction product slurry obtained using ton manure as a raw material and highly active quicklime as an additive was air-dried, and 2.000 kg was added to 10 are of soil. The crops selected were tomatoes, eggplants, and cucumbers.

Table 2 shows the analysis results of the components contained in each crop.

Table 2 also shows the values for similar crops shown in the Japanese Food Standard Composition Table.

From this table, it can be seen that by adding the treated product containing calcium fluorate according to the present invention, it is effective as a soil conditioner, and each component is in a form that is easily absorbed by crops.
It can be seen that it is working effectively.

(Effect of the invention) As described above, the present invention provides the following effects.

, Since additives mainly composed of calcium oxide are added to solid-liquid putrescible waste to cause a complex salt formation reaction, etc., the soil has a granular structure in which organic matter and inorganic matter are appropriately mixed. Improved materials can be manufactured in a short time.

Organic substances contained in putrescible waste, especially formic acid in lower fatty acids, are fixed as calcium salts through the above-mentioned complex salt formation reaction, so lower fatty acids can be maintained in a stable state under aerobic conditions. . In addition, the fatty acid calcium is sequentially decomposed by acidic substances and acids emitted by effective microorganisms depending on the season, thereby continuously improving the soil environment, which is effective for the proliferation and activation of effective microorganisms and the activation of the growth of the ecosystem. I can do it.

In addition, as a matter of course, most other organic matter contained in putrescible waste is also fixed as calcium salts, so when this soil improvement material is mixed with soil, its pH rapidly decreases and bases No harm will occur due to excess. In addition, when the reaction products in this soil improvement material are decomposed by acid in the ground, they are either the above-mentioned organic substances or have properties similar to those before the reaction, but are in a state that is easily absorbed by the ecosystem. Once it appears, it will provide a soil improvement material with extremely high fertilizing properties.

The above-mentioned additives react not only with water-soluble phosphoric acid contained in putrescible waste but also with phospholipids, etc. that are difficult to react with, and stabilize them as calcium phosphate in their infant form.
It prevents the generation of harmful gases and the formation of an anaerobic environment due to unreacted residues, and does not cause the generation or proliferation of pests or harmful microorganisms in the soil.

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) A soil improvement material consisting of a reaction product of solid-liquid mixed putrescible waste and calcium oxide, characterized in that the formic acid contained in the putrescible waste is fixed as calcium formate. Soil improvement material. (2) Adding to solid-liquid mixed putrescible waste an additive whose main component is calcium oxide and which reacts with lower fatty acids contained in the putrescible waste to produce fatty acid calcium. A method for producing a soil improvement material characterized by