JPH0350174A - Bark compost and its production - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To efficiently produce the bark compost having a high effect on fertilization by grinding bark, charging the same together with rice bran into a heat insulating tank, performing moisture adjustment and aeration under agitation to ferment the mixture, further charging chicken droppings therein and fermenting the mixture. CONSTITUTION:The bark removed from timber is ground with a grinding mill S having mill S having a hopper 6 and a pair of gears 7 and meshed with each other. This bark is charged together with a prescribed amt. of rice bran as a fermentation accelerator into a heat insulating tank 1 of a fermentation accelerator F. While the bark and the rice bran are mixed in an agitator 3, water is replenished at need from a water spraying device 27 to adjust the moisture. The mixture is thereafter occasionally agitated and air is introduced therein through an air diffusion pipe 20 of an aeration device 4 to accelerate the fomentation. The chicken droppings are charged to the mixture at the temp. at which the fermentation temp. is approximate to a peak and after the chicken droppings are fermented, the mixture is agitated and mixed. The bark compost is taken out of a discharge port 8 after fermentation is finished over the entire part. The supply of org. matter to soil is possible in this way and the fertilizer having a high effect on fertilization and a quality with a good balance is inexpensively obtd.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a compost whose main raw material is bark, and a method for producing the same.

[Conventional technology]

Currently, Japanese larch, rainbow pine, red pine, etc. from Siberia in the Soviet Union and Canada are mainly used for housing materials in Japan, but when these materials are brought ashore, a large amount of bark is emitted. For example, in Toyama, there is currently a mountain of bark piled up in the hinterland of the new port because no use can be found for it.

Traditionally, this bark has been used as fuel and fertilizer.

Attempts have been made to use mushrooms as flooring materials.

Attempts were made to make the fuel into small billets to make it easier to burn in stoves, but the attempt ended in failure due to the high cost compared to oil.

In addition, when considering the use of bark as fertilizer, there are the following issues. The reason is that it has a high carbon content.

In other words, when this is applied to soil, it is decomposed by microorganisms, but since there is a lot of carbon in the bark and little nitrogen, it steals the nitrogen that is originally in the soil, and the crops that grow there generally suffer from nitrogen deficiency. You can see the phenomenon that occurs. Generally speaking, it is acceptable to lower the carbon rate below 30, and Burke appears to be at the breaking point.

The results of Burke's analysis are as follows.

Carbon (C) 45.64% Nitrogen (N) 1. st% carbon rate (C/N) 30.2% [Problem to be solved by the invention] Therefore, when using bark as fertilizer, it is necessary to decompose it in advance and use it as compost with a low carbon rate. ,
Because bark is mainly composed of lignin, etc., which is difficult to decompose, it takes a very long time to decompose, and it has not been possible to use it due to the cost.

There is a similar problem with mushroom flooring; even bark that has been used as flooring is undecomposed, so
It could not be used as fertilizer.

Also, even if the bark is completely decomposed into compost,
Judging from the composition of bark, it does not hold much promise as a fertilizer element, and as a general rule, it is used primarily to supply organic matter to the soil, and the supply of fertilizer nutrients is of secondary importance.

In view of the above-mentioned circumstances, the purpose of this invention is to provide a high-quality compost with very high fertilization efficiency that uses bark as the main raw material, and also to provide a method for efficiently producing such compost. is intended to provide.

[Means to solve the problem]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention was constructed as follows.

1) Bark compost is made by fermenting crushed bark using rice bran as a fermentation accelerator and mixing it with fermented manure.

2) Regarding the method for producing bark compost, the bark is ground in a grinder, then put into the fermentation accelerator along with the rice bran, and the water content is adjusted while stirring in the fermentation accelerator's insulated tank. On the other hand, fermentation is promoted by almost always mixing in air, and when the fermentation temperature reaches almost the peak temperature, chicken manure is added, and the chicken manure is fermented at that fermentation temperature, then stirred and mixed, and the fermentation is carried out. After the fermentation is finished, it is removed from the fermentation accelerator.

[For production]

Since the present invention is constructed as described above, it exhibits the following effects.

1) Regarding bark compost, crushed bark is fermented using rice bran as a fermentation accelerator, so not only is the cost reduced due to early fermentation, but the mix of fermented rice bran and chicken manure provides an excellent balance as a fertilizer element. Shows fertilizing effect.

2) Regarding the method for producing bark compost, it is suitable for producing the above-mentioned bark compost, and in particular, it is put into an insulated tank of a fermentation accelerator, and is occasionally stirred, while air is almost always mixed in, so that one fermentation is greatly promoted. , which can be commercialized at an early stage.

In addition, since 3B is fermented using the fermentation heat of bark, the fermentation is very fast, almost like complete combustion, and almost no bad odor is generated.

〔Example〕

Next, the present invention will be explained in detail.

FIG. 1 shows a fermentation promoting device for bark, in which a tank 1 is provided with a machine room 2 below, and is equipped with an agitation device 3 and an aeration device 4.

A lid 5 is attached to the tank 1 so that it can be opened and closed, and the stirring device 3 has a stirring blade 16 and its driving device i! It consists of 21.

The air mixing device 4 includes an aeration pipe 20 and a blower 22.

The tank 1 is formed into a double wall with inner and outer walls 11 made of FRP, and a heat insulating material 12 made of urethane foam is filled between the inner and outer walls 10 and 11. It is formed into a cylindrical shape as a whole, and a discharge port 8 with a door is provided at the upper end on the negative side.

In this tank 1, a stirring blade 16 is installed upright by fixing a bearing 15 to the center of the bottom wall, and the stirring blade 116 is connected to the bearing 1.
The shaft 17 supported by the blades 18, 18, . . .
It is constructed by protruding step by step in a spiral shape. Also, tank 1
An air diffuser pipe 20 is spirally arranged on the bottom wall of the air diffuser 20, and air diffuser nozzles are provided at equal intervals on the upper surface of the air diffuser pipe 20.

The machine room 2 includes a drive device 21 for the stirring blades 16 and a diffuser pipe 2.
A blower 22 is installed inside to forcefully send air to the drive unit r.
X121 consists of a motor 23 and a reduction gear 24.

The lid 5 is formed into a double wall with inner and outer walls 10 and 11 in the same way as the tank 1, and has a urethane foam heat insulating material 12 inside.
is filled. A tower 25 is provided in the center of the lid 5, an exhaust port 26 and a water supply port 27 are provided in the tower 25, and a water supply pipe 2
8 are connected.

FIG. 2 shows a bark crusher S. The bark crusher S is constructed by providing a pair of gears 7.7 that mesh with each other midway through the outlet 9 of a hopper 6 into which bark is charged. .

According to this crusher S, the bark fibers are crushed by the feeding of both gears 7.7, but when they are fed out from between both gears 7.7, they are already crushed by the pressure of both gears 7.7. Since the fibers still remain bonded, they are rolled out into a corrugated sheet.

However, since the bonds between the fibers are weak, when this sheet-like bark is put into the fermentation accelerator F in the next step and stirred, it is immediately pulverized into fine particles to facilitate fermentation.

In previous experiments, this type of crusher with double gears 7.7 was most suitable for finely crushing bark fibers.

Next, the fermentation process of the thus pulverized bark in the fermentation accelerator F will be explained.

180 kg of crushed bark was put into tank 1 on an absolute dry basis. Additionally, 60 kg of rice bran was added as a fermentation accelerator.

Rice bran contains 30% water. In this way, after putting the specified amount of bark and rice bran into tank 1, stir it.
While supplying water, adjust the moisture content to approximately 50%.

Then, the materials are stirred and air is mixed. One of these days,
Regarding stirring, the stirring blades 16 are rotated by the operation of the motor 23 for about 20 minutes once a day. Further, air is mixed in by constantly operating the blower 22.

Now, when the temperature rises to about 60°C, 75 kg of ff1yF4 is added as a fertilizer element. This includes about 5
Contains 0% water. The chicken manure is then rapidly decomposed on the bark under optimal temperature and moisture conditions, so it is stirred and mixed 24 hours after being added.

After this, stirring is continued for about 20 minutes once a day. The decomposition is at its highest when the temperature rises to about 70°C, and the temperature then gradually drops. When the temperature returns to normal, open the discharge port 8 and take out the aged compost.

Continue aeration until the compost is removed.

By doing so, decomposition will be more complete and drying will also proceed.

The bark compost taken out from tank 1 was a blackish brown powder, and its analytical values were as follows.

Bark Compost r iL Table [Note] (1) shows the analysis value of bark at the time of input into the decomposition accelerator on August 20, 1985.

(2) shows the analysis value when taken out from the decomposition accelerator on January 8, 1985.

Next, a fertilizing effect test of the bark compost produced in this way will be explained.

According to the meeting - 1. Purpose of the test: To examine the effect of the material concerned on the growth and yield of Komatsuna.

2. Test location 3, Test period 4, Test method (1) Type of test Toyama Prefectural College of Technology Kurokawa, Kosugi-cho, Imizu-gun, Toyama Prefecture July to August 1988 115,000 Soil cultivation method using Earl Wagner pots, double series Side (2) Overview of the test soil Nakaueno Diluvium, Tateyama-cho, Nakashinyo-gun, Toyama Prefecture Conversion field Soil 2.9 kg per pot ◎Physical and chemical properties of the soil (3) Type of test crop Komatsuna (variety: Ohana) 3 plants per pot (4) Name of test plot (5) Fertilization design
0.5 g per pot was applied. In other words.

2.4 g of ammonium sulfate, 2.9 g of perishite, 0.8 g of salt, 0.5% bark compost section 15 g per pot Conversion per 10a 500 kg 1.01 section II 30 g
1,000kg2.0% area
” 60g 2,000kg
3.0% section n 90g 3,0
00kg 1.0g lime and magnesia charcoal per pot (50kg
/10a) Applied.

construction, application method The above fertilizers and materials were mixed throughout the layer.

(6) Overview of cultivation management A. Soil filling July 14th B. Fertilization and sowing July 14th and 0.000 h Pulling July 21st and July 26th, Harvesting August 18th 5. Testing Results (1) Growth survey results August 18 (2) Yield survey results Air-dried type (g/pot) < ) Index 6, Discussion A. Regarding the test soil, this material is mainly used to replenish organic matter to the soil. Considering the purpose, the test soil should have been selected as a soil with low humus, but due to time constraints, it was not possible to do so in time, and the result was soil with a high proportion of humus in the diluvial layer, which was not sufficient for the purpose of the test. . However, it seems to be a general field soil with few problems in proportion.

B. Growth status: Germination and subsequent growth progressed smoothly. There was some insect damage, but I don't think it had much of a positive effect.

In the case of the area where the fertilizer was not applied, growth was slightly slower in the area where the material was applied in the early stages of growth than in the area where the bark compost was not applied, but after that, the growth returned to normal and in the latter half of the growth, the area where the bark compost was applied was better. It got better. Therefore, it can be said that the effect of nitrogen deficiency on crops due to the application of bark compost is almost negligible.

Next, in the three-element application plots, there was not much difference in appearance from the initial growth stage. However, in the second half, it seemed that the bark compost application area was somewhat better.

Regarding the yield survey, firstly, when the three elements are not applied, the fertilizer nutrients in the bark compost are decomposed and released, so the effect can be seen. just,
Although it is difficult to judge the effect of replenishing the soil with organic matter, rooting seemed to be good.

Next, regarding the case where the three elements are supplemented, the effect of bark compost seems to be slightly recognized.

Now, as mentioned above, when considering the effects of bark compost, one is the effect of improving the soil, and the other is the effect of mainly nitrogen nutrients contained in the material. Regarding nitrogen, it contains 1.51% N per dry matter, so for example, 1.0%.
In the application area, 30g of bark compost is applied per pot, so the application amount is as follows. (Water content is 36.0%) Although this nitrogen is not fully expressed as fertilizer nutrients,
Some degree of fertilizer effect is expected.

Therefore, when looking at the fertilizing effect of 1% bark compost, or 30g, (
Yield of Knee 1.0 section) - (Yield of Knee 0 section) = 2.5 -
2.1 = 1.1 g (fertilizer - 1, yield of 0 plot) - (fertilizer - 0
ward yield) = 9.9 - 9.0 = 0.9 g, that is, the yield increased by 1.1 g - 0.9 g per pot. Of course, this can be seen as a combined effect of the effect of nitrogen nutrients and the effect of adding organic matter to the soil, but so far the soil improvement effect is not immediate, so most of it is the effect of fertilizer nutrients, mainly nitrogen. It seems like a good idea. However, the effect of chemical fertilizers (9,0-1,4=7.6 g/pot) is quite small.

[Summary: Initially, it can be concluded that there will be no impact on damage caused by the high carbon ratio (C/N) caused by bark, seawater damage, etc. based on analysis of materials and cultivation tests.

This indicates that the materials are highly compostable.

In addition, although the effect of applying organic matter cannot be determined in this test, the effect of fertilizer nutrients (mainly nitrogen) contained in the material can be seen, albeit slightly. (This is probably due to composting promoting substances other than bark. 〉 [Effects of the Invention] From what has been explained above, the present invention significantly exhibits the following effects.

1) Bark compost not only can supply organic matter to the soil, but it is also a natural fertilizer with a good balance of the three fertilizer elements, so it has very high fertilizing effect on its own, and it can be used in combination with other fertilizers. Shows even higher fertilizer efficacy when used in combination with fertilizer,
In addition, since rice bran is used as a fermentation accelerator, it can be produced at low cost.

Even if it is expensive, it has excellent effects such as being suitable for economical use in special crops such as horticultural crops due to its high fertilizing effect.

2) According to the method for producing bark compost, the decomposition of bark can be further promoted, so bark compost can be provided at a lower price. Also, since chicken manure is fermented using the fermentation heat of bark compost, the fermentation is more efficient. It is highly rational and has particularly excellent effects such as no generation of bad odor associated with fermentation of chicken manure.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 are sectional views of a fermentation accelerator and a bark crusher, respectively, used in an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a graph showing a comparative test example of the fertilizing effect of bark compost. F...Fermentation accelerator 1...Insulated tank 3...
Stirring device 4...Aeration device Applicant: Yukioka Mura, patent attorney: Den

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1) A bark compost characterized by fermenting crushed bark using rice bran as a fermentation accelerator and mixing it with fermented chicken manure. 2) After pulverizing the bark in a pulverizer, it is put into the fermentation accelerator along with the rice bran, and the water content is adjusted while stirring in the insulated tank of the fermentation accelerator.Afterwards, while stirring occasionally,
Fermentation is promoted by mixing air almost constantly, and when the fermentation temperature reaches almost the peak temperature, chicken manure is added,
A method for producing bark compost, which comprises fermenting chicken manure at the fermentation temperature, stirring and mixing it, and removing it from a fermentation accelerator after fermentation is complete.