JPH032505B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for producing silage from green crop feed.

Conventionally, in order to obtain plant feed for storage, it has been widely practiced to pack green plant feed into a silo, apply pressure and leave it for a certain period of time to cause lactic acid fermentation to produce silage. However, in this conventional method using a silo, there are problems in removing the carbon dioxide gas generated in the silo, and it is difficult to maintain the inside of the silo in an anaerobic state, making it extremely difficult to obtain high-quality silage. Furthermore, it was difficult to store the obtained silage for a long time, resulting in problems such as deterioration during storage.

The present inventors have completed the present invention as a result of intensive research to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks in conventional silage production.

That is, according to the present invention, green cropped plant feed is filled and sealed together with an oxygen absorbent-filled bag and a carbon dioxide absorbent-filled bag in a sealed container or bag, and lactic acid fermentation is carried out in the container or bag. A method for producing silage is provided.

In the present invention, a container or bag with good sealing properties is preferably employed as the sacillage manufacturing means. In this case, the container or bag is usually made of plastic, and preferably a hermetically sealed container or bag made of synthetic resin such as polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, or polypropylene. be done. Moreover, a conventional silo can also be applied as the silage manufacturing means.

In the present invention, an oxygen absorbent filling bag and a deoxidizing gas absorbent filling bag are used as auxiliary means in silage production. An explanatory view of an oxygen absorbent bag and a carbon dioxide absorbent bag used in the present invention is shown in the drawings.
FIG. 1a is an explanatory plan view thereof, and FIG. 1b is an explanatory cross-sectional view thereof. In FIG. 1, 1 indicates a connected body in which a bag 10 filled with oxygen absorbent A and a bag 20 filled with carbon dioxide absorbent B are connected;
3 indicates the connecting portion. Further, the shaded area 2 shown in FIG. 1 indicates a sealing area (adhesive area).

In such a connected body of an oxygen absorbent filling bag and a carbon dioxide absorbent filling bag, the material of the bag may be paper, a laminate of perforated polyfilm and paper, or the material disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 56-31257. A packaging material is used that has a structure in which two types of porous plastic films are laminated and bonded with paper interposed therebetween. In addition, as the oxygen absorbent A, there are various conventionally known ones, such as those made of iron powder and metal halide, iron powder whose surface is coated with metal halide, catechol,
A material containing an oxygen-absorbing organic substance such as ascorbic acid hydrosulfite as a main ingredient is applicable. A particularly preferable oxygen absorber used in the present invention is a mixture of a coarse filler and a fine filler for 1 part by volume of iron powder or iron powder plus a metal halide.
10 parts by volume, preferably 3 to 5 parts by volume. In this case, the filler is
Natural or synthetic ones such as zeolite, activated carbon, perlite, talc, kaolin, silica, alumina, sepiolite etc. are applied, and the particle size of the coarse filler is 0.5 to 5 mm, preferably 1 to 3 mm; Particle size of powder filler is 100 mesh or less,
It is usually about 100 to 200 meshes. The moisture content of this mixture of coarse filler and fine powder filler is 10% by weight.
The content is preferably about 8% by weight or less to make it difficult for the oxygen absorbent to react in the air.
The oxygen absorbent made of iron powder and filler has the following advantages.

(1) When iron powder alone reacts with oxygen in the air in the presence of moisture, it solidifies into lumps, impairing ventilation into the interior and inhibiting oxygen absorption ability, but in the case of the oxygen absorbent mentioned above. Since a large amount of filler is added to the iron powder, solidification due to mutual bonding of iron powder is prevented.

(2) The oxygen absorption reaction by iron powder is promoted by the presence of an appropriate amount of moisture, but in the case of the oxygen absorbent mentioned above, due to the lack of moisture, the oxygen absorption reaction is extremely slow in the atmosphere. On the other hand, when placed in a sealed space with green plant feed, the oxygen absorption reaction is significantly accelerated by the moisture from the plant feed.

As the carbon dioxide absorbent used in the present invention, soda lime or alkaline solid substances such as metal hydroxides and metal oxides are generally used.
In the case of the present invention, it has been found that coarsely granulated quicklime (CaO) (particle size of about 1 to 10 mm, preferably about 2 to 5 mm) gives good results. Finely powdered calcium hydroxide, which is commonly used as a carbon dioxide absorbent, is
In a closed space with high humidity, moisture is taken in and the whole body becomes a lumpy solid, which impairs the ventilation to the interior and significantly inhibits carbon dioxide absorption ability.
On the other hand, in the case of coarse granular quicklime, such inhibition of carbon dioxide absorption reaction is unlikely to occur;
Shows good carbon dioxide absorption ability under high humidity.

In a connected body of an oxygen absorbent filling bag and a carbon dioxide absorbent filling bag as shown in the drawings used in the present invention, the filling capacity of the carbon dioxide absorbent is usually the same or larger than that of the oxygen absorbent, Therefore, when using the same amount or more of carbon dioxide gas absorbent, additional carbon dioxide gas filling bags can be connected. An example of this case is shown in FIG. Also, this connector is
It is also possible to prepare in advance a large number of oxygen absorbent filling bags and carbon dioxide absorbent filling bags connected in series, and to cut and separate the bags into the required number at the site for use. FIG. 3 shows an example of a continuous connection of a large number of oxygen absorbent filled bags and carbon dioxide absorbent filler. In Figure 3,
The dashed line indicates the perforation for cutting.

The above-described connected body of an oxygen absorbent filling bag and a carbon dioxide absorbent filling bag used in the present invention has oxygen absorption capacity and carbon dioxide absorption capacity necessary for silage production adjusted in advance to an appropriate range. In addition, when used as such a connected body, the oxygen absorbent filling bag and the carbon dioxide absorbent filling bag can be simultaneously filled into a sealable container or bag in one filling or by one filling machine. It is very efficient.

As described above, it is preferable that the oxygen absorbent filling bag and the carbon dioxide absorbent filling bag of the present invention form a connected body. Alternatively, it can be placed in a bag.

To carry out the present invention, the green crop feed is filled into a sealable container or bag together with the oxygen absorbent filling bag and carbon dioxide absorbent filling bag, and the bag is sealed.
In this case, the green plant feed may be any feed that provides silage, such as those used for conventional silage, such as grasses, sugar cane tops, etc. , corn stover, etc. are applied. Plant feed packed into sealed containers or bags in this way undergoes lactic acid fermentation to give silage, as in the case of conventional silos, but in this case, compared to conventional silage production, the amount of carbon dioxide gas is reduced. Removal and formation and maintenance of anaerobic conditions can be carried out efficiently, and the resulting silage is of excellent quality. Furthermore, the produced silage can be kept in high quality for a long period of time, for example, 6 months or more, by storing it in a sealed container or bag together with an oxygen absorbent filled bag and a carbon dioxide absorbent filled bag. can do.

To explain in more detail about the production of silage according to the present invention, green cut plant feed can be used as is or if it has too much water, it can be used at an appropriate moisture content (60 to 60%).
After drying to 70% by weight), it is cut into appropriate lengths, for example, about 1 to 20 cm, to facilitate filling, if necessary. After this plant feed is compressed by appropriate pressure, it is filled into a suitable container or bag together with the oxygen absorbent filling bag and the carbon dioxide absorbent filling bag. When the plant feed is filled in this way, the oxygen concentration within the sealed space is reduced due to its oxygen respiration effect. Furthermore, since the inside of the sealed space becomes highly humid due to water vapor evaporating from the plant feed, the oxygen absorbent also gradually exhibits its effect, and the oxygen concentration also decreases due to the action of the oxygen absorbent. In this way, the oxygen concentration in the sealed space is reduced to below 10% and lactic acid fermentation of the plant feed begins. In this case, lactic acid bacteria can be added to promote lactic acid fermentation, if necessary. In the case of the present invention, unlike conventional silage manufacturing methods, an oxygen absorbent filling bag is enclosed, so that the anaerobic conditions necessary for lactic acid fermentation are quickly established. On the other hand, when lactic acid fermentation starts, carbon dioxide gas is generated accordingly, but in this case, unlike in conventional silage production, a bag filled with carbon dioxide gas absorbent is enclosed inside the container or bag. Therefore, carbon dioxide gas is removed smoothly. That is, in the case of the present invention, the carbon dioxide absorbent, such as quicklime, easily absorbs carbon dioxide gas due to the action of high humidity formed in the sealed space, and the accumulation of carbon dioxide gas in the container or bag is prevented. In this way, in the container or bag, the plant feed is lactic fermented and converted into silage very efficiently and without any disadvantages.

In the case of the present invention, the silage produced as described above is maintained in extremely high quality for a long period of time as long as it is kept in a sealed container or bag. This cannot be achieved with conventional methods and is one of the major advantages of the present invention. That is, in the case of the present invention, the oxygen concentration in the sealed space is maintained at 1% or less by the action of the oxygen absorbent, and the silage is acidic (approximately 4% or less).
PH), the silage is free from oxidative deterioration and mold growth. According to the research conducted by the present inventors, it was confirmed that the quality does not deteriorate even after storage for 6 months or more.

The present invention has the above-mentioned configuration, and unlike the conventional method of producing silage using a silo, it is possible to produce silage extremely easily and efficiently, and the produced silage can be stored in a container or a bag. By storing it in a sealed container, its quality can be maintained for a long period of time.
Therefore, for livestock farmers and dairy farmers, the present invention allows them to make silage and store it when plant feed is plentiful, and then take it out of the sealed container or bag and feed it to their livestock when there is a shortage of feed. The significance of this can be said to be extremely large.

Next, the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to Examples.

Example A high-pressure polyethylene bag with a thickness of 120 μm, a width of 65 cm, and a length of 130 cm was prepared. Meanwhile, cut off the cane top (the tip of the sugar cane stalk), dry it, and dry it, with a moisture content of about 60~
Adjusted to about 70%. This material was cut into pieces of approximately 3 cm length, compressed to 30 kg, and filled into the above-mentioned high-pressure polyethylene bag, and at the same time one bag filled with iron powder-based oxygen absorber (oxygen absorption capacity = approximately 6) A carbon dioxide absorbent made of coarse quicklime (carbon dioxide absorption capacity = approx.
32) After filling the bag with two connected bags, the opening of the high-pressure polyethylene bag was tied twice with rubber string and sealed.

Comparative Example 1 An experiment was conducted in the same manner as in the previous example except that the oxygen absorbent filling bag was not used.

Comparative Example 2 An experiment was conducted in the same manner as in the previous example except that the bag filled with the carbon dioxide absorbent was not used.

The properties of each bag sealed as described above were observed as follows.

(1) 15th day after the experiment The bag of Comparative Example 2 was filled with carbon dioxide gas and was on the verge of bursting, so a piece of rubber sheet was attached to the surface of the bag, and a piece of rubber sheet was inserted through the bag. A syringe needle was inserted into the bag to draw out the carbon dioxide gas inside. Thereafter, by removing carbon dioxide gas in the same manner every week, it was possible to avoid the bag from bursting. In the case of Example and Comparative Example 1, no significant expansion of the bag due to carbon dioxide gas was observed,
Carbon dioxide gas was absorbed smoothly by the carbon dioxide absorbent.

(2) 50th day after the experiment The oxygen concentration inside each bag was measured. The results are shown below. Type of bag Oxygen concentration (%) Example 0.3 Comparative example 1 3.0 Comparative example 2 0.3 (3) 90th day after the experiment The oxygen concentration inside each bag was measured. The results are shown below. Bag Type Oxygen Concentration (%) Example 0.3 Comparative Example 1 5.0 Comparative Example 2 0.4 Next, each bag was opened, the obtained silage was taken out from inside the bag, and the PH value of the silage surface and its properties were observed. The results are shown below.

(i) Example The pH of the surface of the silage was approximately 3.7, and the silage had a pleasant odor characteristic of silage. Therefore, according to this example, modern lactic acid fermentation was carried out, and the oxygen concentration was maintained at 1% or less by the action of the oxygen absorber, so the quality of the silage was good for a long period of time. It was confirmed that it was maintained.

() Comparative Example 1 The pH of the surface of the silage was about 4.4, and the leaf surface of the silage had a slimy feel and a bad odor. In the case of Comparative Example 1, as described above, the oxygen concentration was also as high as about 5%, and the quality of the silage was likely to deteriorate. The high oxygen concentration is due to oxygen entering the bag through the polyethylene bag, and is a result of not using an oxygen absorbent in combination.

() Comparative Example 2 The surface pH of the silage was approximately 4.0, and the odor of the silage was also good. However, in this case, as mentioned above, it is necessary to remove carbon dioxide gas several times, and if this carbon dioxide gas is not removed, it is thought that the bag will burst. .

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of a connected body of an oxygen absorbent filling bag and a carbon dioxide absorbent filling bag, FIG. 1a is a plan view thereof, and FIG. 1b is a cross-sectional view thereof. FIG. 2 is an explanatory plan view of a connected body of one oxygen absorbent filling bag and two carbon dioxide absorbent filling bags.
FIG. 3 is a plan view of a continuous connected body of a large number of oxygen absorbent filled bags and a large number of carbon dioxide absorbent filled bags. 1... Connected body of oxygen absorbent filling bag and carbon dioxide absorbent filling bag, 2... Sealing part (adhesive part), 3
...Connection part, 10...Oxygen absorbent filling bag part, 20
...Carbon dioxide absorbent filling bag part, A...Oxygen absorbent, B...Carbon dioxide absorbent.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A method characterized in that green cropped plant feed is filled and sealed together with an oxygen absorbent filling bag and a carbon dioxide absorbent filling bag in a sealable container or bag, and lactic acid fermentation is carried out in the container or bag. silage production method. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the oxygen absorbent filling bag and the carbon dioxide absorbent filling bag form a connected body. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the carbon dioxide absorbent is granular quicklime.