JPH03160926A - Nourishing agent for culturing mushrooms - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a nourishing agent for culturing mushrooms, capable of stably attaining increase in the yield of fruit body and shortening of culturing period by adding an acidic aqueous solution to a nourishing ingredient consisting of skin part of grain or the skin part of grain and embryo of grain. CONSTITUTION:A nourishing agent ingredient composed of skin part of grain such as wheat, rice or corn is prepared. An acid containing an inorganic acid or organic acid as a concentration of 0.001-20M (mol/l) is added to the nourishing agent ingredient at an amount of 0.5-5wt.% or further preferably 0.5-5M acidic aqueous solution is added thereto in an amount of 0.5-5wt.% to provide the aimed nourishing agent for culturing mushrooms. Furthermore, for example, 10-100 pts.wt. of the nourishing agent is blended with 100 pts.wt. sawdust (dried weight) in order to culture mushrooms using the nourishing agent. Water is added to the blend so that total water content may be 60-70wt.% and the solution is further sufficiently blended and sterilized. Then spawn of Pleurotus ostreatus is inoculated into the above-mentioned sterilized nourishing agent and mycelia culture is carried out at 10-30 deg.C and 60-90% humidity for 20-25 days and further culturing is continued to provide the reared fruit body.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a mushroom culture nutrient that is added to a culture medium used in an artificial cultivation method for mushrooms.

[Prior Art] As a method for cultivating mushrooms, so-called artificial cultivation methods have become rapidly popular in recent years.

In this artificial cultivation method, an artificial culture medium is used in which nutrients (nutrients) such as rice bran, wheat bran, and corn bran are added to a culture carrier such as sawdust from broad-leaved trees or coniferous trees or corn cobs, and then mixed and sterilized. ing.

Conventionally, in artificial cultivation methods, it has been desired to increase the yield of fruiting bodies and shorten the growing period, and various improvement methods have already been proposed.

For example, improved methods have been proposed for nutritional supplements such as milo powder (Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 57-208924), coffee grounds (Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 57-141223), and wheat bran lees (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 57-141223).

[Problem to be solved by the invention] However, even with the conventional improved method, it is not possible to produce a sufficient amount of fruiting bodies.
It is still difficult to obtain it stably in as short a time as possible.

That is, the basic purpose of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, and to provide a mushroom culture nutrient that can stably increase the yield of fruiting bodies and shorten the cultivation period. The purpose is to

[Means for solving the problem] That is, in order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the first
The invention is characterized in that one or both of grain skin and grain germ is used as a nutritional component, and an acidic aqueous solution is added to this component.

The second invention is characterized in that one or both of grain skin and grain germ is used as a nutrient component, an acidic aqueous solution is added to this component, and further sterilization treatment is performed.

The third invention is characterized in that one or both of grain skin and grain germ is used as a nutritional component, an acidic aqueous solution is added to this component, and further heat treatment is performed.

The configuration of the present invention will be specifically explained below.

The mushrooms to which the present invention is applied include shiitake, enoki mushroom, oyster mushroom, white tamogi mushroom, maitake, nameko, mushroom, shimeji, wood ear mushroom, etc., and are not limited to those exemplified here. .

Cereals are rice plants such as wheat, rice, corn, sugarcane, and milo, and leguminous plants such as soybeans and adzuki beans.

The inner grain skin part of the grain refers to the seed coat and pericarp of the grains mentioned above, and wheat bran and corn hull are particularly preferred.

The term "grain germ" refers to the germ of the above-mentioned grains, and wheat germ and corn germ are particularly preferred.

In addition to using only one of the above-mentioned grain skin and grain germ as a nutritional component, both may be used, or a plurality of grains may be used. moreover,
Although it is possible to use this component as the entire component in a nutritional supplement, it is also possible to use it in combination with other components conventionally used in nutritional supplements. Note that the mixing ratio of the grain skin, grain germ, and other components can be determined as appropriate.

acid! The acid used in the present invention may be either an inorganic acid or an organic acid. Examples of inorganic acids include hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, carbonic acid, and phosphoric acid, with phosphoric acid being particularly preferred. Examples of organic acids include lactic acid, citric acid, acetic acid, and phytic acid, with phytic acid being particularly preferred.

The above acids are 0.001 to 20M (m, o l
/I2) is preferably added in an amount of 0.01 to 20% by weight to the grain skin and grain germ. Furthermore, within this range, it is more preferable to add a 0.5-5M acidic aqueous solution in a range of 0.5-5% by weight.

The reason why it is preferable to limit the amount of acidic aqueous solution added is that if the amount of acid added is too small, trace metals and vitamins that are effective for the growth of mushrooms will not be solubilized in the grain skin. This is because if the amount of acid added is insufficient or too large, the pH of the culture medium will be extremely lowered and the growth of mushrooms will be inhibited.

When adding, it is preferable to stir the grain skin. Further, the method of addition is not particularly limited, and can be carried out by immersing the grain husk etc. in an acidic aqueous solution, or by directly rubbing the acidic aqueous solution onto the grain husk etc.

In addition to adding the acidic aqueous solution to the grain skin and grain germ alone, it is also possible to add the acidic aqueous solution to a mixture thereof or a mixture containing other components.

Further, the temperature of the acidic aqueous solution during addition is not particularly limited, and may be room temperature.

The grain skin to which the acidic aqueous solution has been added as described above may be added with other ingredients as desired and added to the culture medium as a nutrient, or may be sterilized or heat treated as in the second and third inventions. After that, serve it as a nutritional supplement.

The sterilization treatment in the second invention can be performed by ultraviolet irradiation, heating in the third invention, or the like.

Moreover, the heating in the third invention includes not only simple heating but also
It can also be carried out by steam heating, infrared heating, dry air heating, etc.

Heating is preferably performed at a temperature of 60 to 200°C for 5 to 60 minutes, and for example, a rotary aerated dryer or the like can be used.

The reason why it is preferable to limit the heating temperature range is that if it is below 60°C, acid may penetrate into the raw materials, and heat may cause harmful bacteria.
This is because the killing of insects and the like is insufficient, and on the other hand, when the temperature exceeds 200°C, the raw material itself turns into ash. Further, if the heating time is less than 5 minutes, the effect of heating will be insufficient, and even if it exceeds 60 minutes, the effect will be saturated and the working efficiency will be reduced, so the above-mentioned range is preferable.

In the above heating, it is desirable to reduce the water content of the nutritional component obtained by adding an acidic aqueous solution, for example to 15% by weight or less.

The above-mentioned sterilization in the second invention and the heat treatment in the third invention are not subject to any timing restrictions, and may be performed simultaneously with or immediately after the addition of the acidic aqueous solution, or after a period of time after the addition (e.g. It is also possible to do so (day and night).

L court 25 people surrendered An example of the use of the present invention will be described below.

In a culture medium using the nutrient of the present invention, for example, 100 parts by weight (dry weight) of sawdust is mixed with 1 part of the nutrient of the present invention.
Mix in a proportion of 0 to 100 parts by weight. Furthermore, if necessary, it is also possible to add mushroom additives used in -1IQ.

Water is added to the above mixture so that the total water content is 60 to 75% by weight, and the mixture is thoroughly mixed and sterilized. For example, when artificially cultivating oyster mushrooms, inoculum of oyster mushrooms is inoculated into this culture medium, and the temperature is 10-30°C and the humidity is 60-90°C.
Carry out mycelium culture for 20-25 days at 0%. Subsequently, treatments such as bacterial scraping and sprouting are performed, and the fruit bodies are cultured for a total of 32 to 40 days at a temperature of 10 to 30° C. and a humidity of 80 to 100%, and the grown fruit bodies are harvested. In addition, when culturing, 100 to 10
By irradiating with light at an illuminance of 0.00 lux, the growth of fruiting bodies can be promoted.

[Effect 1 According to the present invention, by adding an acidic aqueous solution to the grain skin and grain germ, trace metals, vitamins, etc. in the grain skin are solubilized, and the growth of fruiting bodies is promoted during culture. .

Furthermore, according to the second invention, the sterilization treatment effectively prevents spoilage and the occurrence of insects, and improves the shelf life of the nutrient.

Furthermore, according to the third aspect of the invention, heating sterilizes the grain skin and improves storage stability. Incidentally, if the moisture is evaporated by heating and the amount of moisture in the grain skin is further reduced, spoilage will be prevented and the shelf life will be further improved.

9 In addition, the grain skin is condensed by the addition of an acidic aqueous solution, and if the moisture is evaporated by heating after addition, a nutrient with reduced bulk can be obtained, which is advantageous for storage and transportation.

Examples of the present invention will be described below.

[Example 1] (Manufacture of culture nutrient) While stirring 50 kg of wheat bran 1, 2.0 β of a 2.5 M phytic acid aqueous solution was sprayed, and the mixture was stirred for IO minutes.

(Cultivation of mushrooms during preparation of culture medium) Using the nutritional supplement of the present invention obtained as described above, an Oyster mushroom culture medium was prepared. The composition is shown in Table 1 as Example 1. In addition, in Comparative Example 1 similarly shown in Table 1,
Wheat bran to which no acidic aqueous solution was added was used.

These culture media were packed into multiple 850 cc plastic container bottles (sample bottles) and sterilized by autoclaving at 120° C. for 30 minutes.

After this culture medium was allowed to cool to room temperature, it was inoculated with 10 mycelia of Oyster mushroom and cultured in an idle form for 20 to 25 days in a culture room at 22 to 23° C. and a humidity of about 75%. After the mycelial culture is completed, the surface of the culture medium is scraped and heated at 13-15°C.
Fruiting bodies were grown in a germination chamber with a humidity of approximately 95% and an illuminance of 300 to 500 lux.

Table 1 shows the average value of the yield of fruiting bodies obtained from each of the 40 sample bottles and the number of days until harvest (number of growth days).

Note that water was added to the culture medium so that the total water content was 65% by weight.

As shown in Table 1, in Example 1 to which 1 liter of acidic aqueous solution was added, the yield increased and the number of growing days was shortened compared to Comparative Example 1 which was not treated.

[Example 2J (Production of culture nourishing agent) 50 kg of wheat bran 1 was sprayed with 2.0 β of a 2.5 M aqueous solution of fidic acid while stirring.

After stirring for 5 minutes, it was heated with a paddle dryer.
The mixture was heated at 30° C. for 30 minutes, and then allowed to cool to room temperature.

The obtained culture nourishing agent weighed 135 Kg.

(Culture of mushrooms during preparation of culture medium) A culture medium for Oyster mushroom was prepared using the above nutrients. The composition is shown in Table 2 as Example 2.

In Comparative Example 2, untreated wheat bran was used that was not subjected to addition of an acidic aqueous solution or heat treatment. These culture media were packed into multiple 850 cc sample bottles and incubated at 120°C for 30
Autoclave sterilization was performed for minutes.

After this culture medium was allowed to cool to room temperature, it was inoculated with mycelium of Oyster mushroom, and the mycelium was cultured for 20 to 25 days in a 19 culture room at 22 to 23°C and a humidity of about 75%. After the mycelial culture is completed, the surface of the culture medium is scraped, and 13-1
The fruiting bodies were grown in a germination chamber at 5°C, humidity of about 95%, and illuminance of 300 to 500 lux.

Table 2 shows the yield of fruiting bodies obtained from 40 sample bottles and the average number of days until harvest.

Note that water was added to the culture medium so that the total water content was 64% by weight.

Table 2 As shown in Table 2, in Example 2 in which acid addition and heating were performed, the yield increased and the number of growing days was shortened compared to Comparative Example 2 in which no treatment was performed.

1 3 In addition, the nutrient of Example 2 had an increased shelf life and a reduced bulk compared to before the acid addition and heating treatment.

[Example 3] (Production of culture nutrient) While stirring 105 kg of rice bran and 135 kg of wheat bran, 4.5 kg of a 2.0 M phosphoric acid aqueous solution was added. Sprayed +2. After stirring for 10 minutes, the mixture was heated at 80° C. for 40 minutes using a paddle dryer, and then allowed to cool to room temperature.

The culture nutrient obtained was 225 kg.

(Culture of mushrooms during preparation of culture medium) Using the nutrients obtained above, an Oyster mushroom culture medium was prepared. The composition is shown in Table 3 as Example 3.

In Comparative Example 3, untreated rice bran and wheat bran were used. These culture media were packed into multiple 850 cc sample bottles and sterilized by autoclaving at 120° C. for 30 minutes.

After this culture medium was allowed to cool to room temperature, it was inoculated with mycelium of Pleurotus nigra and cultured for 20 to 24 days in a 14 culture room at 22 to 23° C. and a humidity of about 75%. After the mycelium culture is completed, the surface of the culture medium is scraped, and 13-1
The fruiting bodies were grown in a germination chamber at 5°C, humidity of about 95%, and illuminance of 300 to 500 lux.

Table 3 shows the average yield of fruiting bodies obtained from 40 trial+A bottles and the number of days until harvest.

Water was added to the culture medium so that the total water content was 64% by weight.

Table 3 As shown in Table 3, Example 3 was superior to Comparative Example 3 in both yield and number of growing days.

1 5 In addition, Example 3 had better storage stability than Comparative Example 3, and the bulk was also reduced compared to before treatment.

[Example 4j (Production of culture nourishing agent) While stirring 50 kg of corn germ 1, 3.1 M phosphoric acid water was added. Sprayed at a temperature of 4.2°C. After stirring for 15 minutes, it was heated to 110°C for 3 minutes using a paddle dryer.
The mixture was heated for 0 minutes, and then left to cool in a room by vortexing.

The culture nutrient obtained was 137 kg.

(Culture of mushrooms during preparation of culture medium) A maitake culture medium was prepared using the above nutrients. The composition is shown in Table 4 as Example 4.

In Comparative Example 4, untreated corn germ was used.

These culture media were packed into multiple 850cc sample bottles.
O-1-crepe sterilization was performed at 120° C. for 30 minutes.

After cooling this culture medium to room temperature, it was inoculated with maitake mycelia and grown for 40 minutes in a culture room at 20-22℃ and about 75% humidity.
Mycelia were cultured for ~45 days. After the mycelium culture is completed, scrape the surface of the culture medium,
The fruiting bodies were grown in a germination chamber at 17-19°C and a humidity of about 90%.

Table 4 shows the average yield of fruiting bodies obtained from 0 sample bottles and the number of days until harvest.

Water was added to the culture medium so that the total water content was 70% by weight.

Table 4 As shown in Table 4, Example 4 is superior to Comparative Example 4 in terms of yield, number of growing days, and storage stability. , the bulk decreased.

1 7 (Effects of the Invention) As explained above, according to the mushroom culture nutrient of the present invention, one or both of grain skin and grain germ is used as a nutrient component, and an acidic aqueous solution is added to this component. So,
This has the effect of increasing the yield of mushrooms and shortening the growing period.

Moreover, in the second invention, since the sterilization treatment was performed after adding the acidic aqueous solution, in addition to the above-mentioned effects, there is also the effect of improving the shelf life of the nutritional supplement.

Moreover, in the third invention, since the heat treatment was performed after adding the acidic aqueous solution, the effect of improving the preservability of the nutritional supplement can be obtained, similar to the second invention. In addition, if the water content of the above-mentioned components is evaporated by this heating, the storage stability will be further improved, and a nutritional supplement with reduced bulk will be obtained, which will be advantageous in terms of storage and distribution.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A cultured nutrient for mushrooms, characterized in that one or both of grain husks and grain germs is used as a nutrient component, and an acidic aqueous solution is added to this component.2. Grain husks and grains. Mushroom culture nutrient 3, characterized in that one or both of the germs are used as a nutrient component, an acidic aqueous solution is added to this component, and a sterilization treatment is further performed.One or both of the grain skin and the grain germ. A culture nutrient for mushrooms, characterized in that the nutrient is added to this ingredient, an acidic aqueous solution is added to the nutrient, and the mixture is further heat-treated.