JPH0219470B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to an electronic musical instrument equipped with an automatic performance device that is capable of storing and reproducing performance information such as a keyboard and operators.

(Prior art) Conventionally, this type of device has been used, for example, in the University of Utah doctoral dissertation "ELECTRONICS, MUSIC AND
COMPUTERS by AKlan Conway Ashton
(Published in August 1970), a computer is connected to an electronic organ, and through program processing on the computer, the keyboard, tone, volume, effects, etc. change over time when the electronic organ is played. At the same time, the stored performance information is sequentially output to the organ interface in accordance with the passage of time similar to the above, and the organ interface performs electronic processing based on this performance information. There is a system in which a tone generator, a filter switch, etc. within the organ are controlled to reproduce the performance of the electronic organ.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) However, with the above conventional device, although it is possible to reproduce the performance of the electronic organ as it is, it is possible to selectively output the stored performance information to the organ interface. Therefore, part of the memorized performance information, that is, only the performance information related to the keyboard or only the performance information related to the operators that control timbre, volume, effects, etc., is output to the electronic organ, and only the musical sound elements related to the performance information are output. could not be automatically controlled. Therefore, when playing back a performance, it is possible to change the tone, volume, effect, etc. for each song or in the middle of the song to be different from the one used during the performance, or to change the tone, volume, effect, etc. of the musical sound played on the keyboard to follow the progress of the song. Therefore, it is not possible to automatically control part or all of the same song, and there is a problem in that the use of the above conventional device is limited.

The present invention was made in view of the above problems, and its purpose is to provide an electronic musical instrument with an automatic performance device that has a wide range of utility.

(Means for Solving the Problems) In order to achieve the above object, the first invention has the following structural features: a keyboard that is made up of a plurality of keys and specifies the pitch of a musical tone signal to be generated; a musical tone signal forming means for forming a musical tone signal with a pitch specified by the musical tone signal forming means; and an operator for controlling at least one musical tone element among the tone, volume, and effect of the musical tone signal formed by the musical tone signal forming means. an electronic musical instrument having: a storage means for storing operator performance information representing an operating state of the operator that changes over time; and a storage means for storing operator performance information stored in the storage means over time. Therefore, an output means for sequentially outputting, and controller performance information based on the operation of the controller is supplied to the musical tone signal forming means, and the musical tone element of the musical tone signal is controlled by the operator performance information, or the musical tone element of the musical tone signal is controlled by the operator performance information, or the musical tone element is outputted. The present invention further comprises a selection means for supplying the memory operator performance information outputted from the means to the musical tone signal forming means and selecting whether to control the musical tone element of the musical tone signal using the memory operator performance information.

Further, the structural features of the second invention include a keyboard that is made up of a plurality of keys and specifies the pitch of a musical tone signal to be generated, and a musical tone signal formation that forms a musical tone signal of the pitch specified by the keyboard. and an operator for controlling at least one musical tone element among the tone, volume, and effect of the musical tone signal formed by the musical tone signal forming means, wherein the keyboard changes over time. storage means for storing keyboard performance information and operator performance information representing respective operation states of each key and the operator; an output means for sequentially outputting the musical tone signal based on the keyboard operation, and supplying keyboard performance information based on the operation of the keyboard to the musical tone signal forming means and controlling the pitch of the musical tone signal by the keyboard performance information, or outputting from the output means A first step for selecting whether to supply the stored keyboard performance information to the musical tone signal forming means and to control the pitch of the musical tone signal using the stored keyboard performance information.
a selection means, and supplying operator performance information based on the operation of the operator to the musical tone signal forming means and controlling the musical tone element of the musical tone signal using the operator performance information, or storing information output from the outputting means; and second selection means for supplying operator performance information to the musical tone signal forming means and selecting whether to control the musical tone element of the musical tone signal using the stored operator performance information.

(Operations and effects of the invention) In the first invention configured as described above,
The selection means selectively outputs either the operator performance information related to the operation of the operator or the memory operator performance information stored in the storage means and outputted by the output means to the musical tone signal forming means. , since the pitch is specified by the keyboard and the musical tone element corresponding to the performance information is controlled among the tone, volume and effect of the musical tone signal formed by the musical tone signal forming means,
When the output means outputs the operator performance information in the storage means, the musical tone elements, which are automatically controlled by the stored operator performance information as the music progresses, can be arbitrarily changed by manual operation of the operator. Become.

Thus, according to the first invention, when the musical tone signal forming means forms a musical tone signal of a pitch specified by the keyboard, the tone, volume, and effect are automatically controlled as the music progresses. You can freely change and control musical tone elements for each song or in the middle of a song by manual operation, allowing you to enjoy a wide variety of music. In addition, if this electronic musical instrument is used in music lessons, it will be possible to easily learn the musical effects that differences in musical sound elements such as timbre, volume, and effects have on the same piece of music. If you use it for songs, compositions, etc., it will be easier to select the tone, volume, effects, etc. that follow the progression of the song. As a result, the utility value of the electronic musical instrument according to the present invention increases.

Further, according to the second invention configured as described above, the second selection means, like the selection means of the first invention, selects the musical tone element of the musical tone signal formed by the musical tone signal forming means. On the other hand, the first selection means selectively selects one of the keyboard performance information related to key operations on the keyboard and the stored keyboard performance information stored in the storage means and outputted by the output means. The musical tone signal forming means selectively generates a musical tone signal having a pitch specified by the keyboard or a musical tone signal having a pitch corresponding to the keyboard performance information stored in the storage device. Become.

As a result, according to the second invention, when reproducing a performance, the tone, volume, effect, etc. of each song or in the middle of the song can be changed to be different from those at the time of performance, or the tone, volume, etc. of a musical sound played on a keyboard can be , effects, etc. can be automatically controlled over part or all of the same song as the song progresses, and the generation of musical sounds due to automatic performance can be changed and controlled by playing only a part of the song on the keyboard. Compared to the device according to the first invention, the value of use for music lessons, composition, inflection, etc. is further increased.

(Embodiment) Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 shows an electronic musical instrument equipped with an automatic performance device according to an embodiment of the present invention, where is an electronic musical instrument body that operates according to digital performance information corresponding to the displacement of an operable controller, and is an electronic musical instrument body that operates according to digital performance information corresponding to the displacement of an operable controller. This is a performance information processing device that processes the digital performance information obtained from the electronic musical instrument and sends it again to the main body of the electronic musical instrument.

First, the configuration and operation of the electronic musical instrument will be described.

For example, a plurality of multiharmonic sound source signals 31 from a tone generator 1 (TG) consisting of a plurality of oscillators that generate multiharmonic signals rich in harmonic components such as square wave signals and sawtooth wave signals are produced by, for example, electric field effects. The signal is transmitted to an electronic keyboard switch 2 (EC ₁ ) consisting of a group of switching elements such as transistors. A signal generator 16 that generates a digital keyboard signal according to the displacement of the switch K of each key of the keyboard is connected to the electronic switch 2 via the switch SW ₂ , and the signal generator 16 generates a digital keyboard signal according to the displacement of the switch K of each key of the keyboard. Each switching element of the electronic switch 2 is controlled according to digital performance information related to pitch and tempo from the electronic switch 2. The multiharmonic sound source signals 32 selected or switched according to the pitch and tempo are respectively guided to tone color circuits 3 to 5 (TCF ₁ to TCF ₃ ) including tone filters or formant filters, where:
The waveforms are shaped according to the filtering characteristics of the tone color circuits 3 to 5, and are output as musical tone signals 33, 34, and 35 given the frequency spectra of, for example, flute, string, and reed tones. The musical tone signals 33 to 35 are outputted via tone lever electronic switches 6 to 8 ( _EC3 to _EC5 ), the amplitudes of which are controlled between the 0 level and the input level.
6 to 38 are transmitted to the mixing circuit 9. Tone levers L ₁ to L ₃ corresponding to each electronic switch 6 to 8
a digital tone lever signal generator 17 having
is connected to each electronic switch 6 to 8 via switch SW ₃ .
A digital signal for switch control is given to the tone lever according to the displacement of each tone lever. That is,
If the displacement of the tone levers _L1 to _L3 is appropriately operated from the minimum value to the maximum value according to the performance content (in the case shown, it can be operated in four stages), for example, each tone lever L1 to L3 When the displacement of L3 is set to low, medium, and high, respectively, the flute-type, string-type, and lead-type musical tone signals 33 to 35 are
The musical tone signals 36 to 38 can be changed to have corresponding amplitudes of low, medium, and high, respectively. Of course, it is also possible to set one tone lever to the zero position so that the corresponding one musical tone signal is not output.

The musical tone signal 36 whose amplitude is controlled in this manner
A mixed output signal 39 obtained by mixing 38 with a mixing circuit 9 (MC) is sent to an expression electronic switch 1.
0 (EC ₆ ) to the output amplifier 11.
A pedal signal generator 18 having an expression pedal P converts the displacement of the pedal P into a corresponding digital signal, and is connected via a switch SW ₄ to an electronic switch 10 including a switching element responsive to this digital pedal signal. Connected. Element switch 10 provides a mixed output 40 whose amplitude is controlled in response to a digital signal corresponding to pedal displacement. An amplified musical tone signal 41 from output amplifier 11 receiving this mixed output 40 is exchanged into an acoustic signal by speaker 12.

By the way, the tone generator 1 includes a vibrato oscillator 14 in order to vibrato modulate the multiharmonic sound source signal and obtain a vibrato effect.
(VO) is connected via an electronic switch 13 (EC ₂ ). A push-button signal generator 15 is provided with a push-button switch B that is connected when a vibrato effect is desired, and the digital signal obtained from this signal generator 15 is guided to the electronic switch 13 via the switch SW ₁ . Let them be in control.

In the above case, the vibrato push button switch B, key switch K, tone levers L ₁ to _{L 3} , and expression pedal P are exemplified as the operators operated during performance, but they may vary depending on the type of electronic musical instrument. It is clear that the digital playing method described above can be applied to all of these operators as necessary.

In any case, the electronic sound instrument main body with the above configuration is capable of handling all digital performance information obtained by the performer operating each operator, that is, the pitch, pitch, etc.
Musical tone information corresponding to digital performance information related to tempo, timbre, volume, and various effects can be obtained from the speaker 12.

Therefore, here, we will discuss in detail the digital performance control means that is particularly different from conventional electronic musical instruments.

The push button switch B and key switch K for the vibrato effect can both be mechanical switches that take two states, on and off, so the respective signal generators 15 and 16 are turned on and off by these switches. It may be possible to take out the on/off output from the switching circuit that is turned off.

Since each of the tone levers _L1 to _L3 has four different positions, an AD converter is provided to convert the angular displacement of the lever into a digital signal. Similarly, an AD converter is provided to convert the displacement of the expression pedal P into a digital signal. Examples of these A-D converters are shown in Figures 2a and 2b.
As shown in the figure. Figure 2a shows A-D for tone lever.
A 2-bit encoder 131 is coupled to a rotary switch 130 having four contacts corresponding to the four angular positions of the tone lever, so that the four displacement states can be converted into a 2-bit binary signal. It's summery. Figure 2b shows an A-D converter for an expression pedal,
A rotary switch 140 having 16 contacts is connected to the input side of the 4-bit encoder 141.
That is, since the displacement of the pedal is normally converted into an angular displacement, the angular displacement is converted to the rotary switch 14.
The angular displacement of 16 steps is quantized by zero, and the angular displacement of 16 steps is converted into a 4-bit binary signal by an encoder 141.

FIGS. 3a and 3b illustrate the detailed structure of the AD converter relating to the connection between the rotary switch and the encoder. Although the A/D converter in this example is for a tone lever (2 bits), it will become clear from the following description that one for a pedal (4 bits) can be similarly constructed. A shaft 150 is rotatably attached to a fan-shaped code plate 151 having a cover 152. This axis 150
is given an angular displacement by a tone lever, and a sliding member 154 is attached to the rotating shaft 150 with a bolt.
Support member 153 fixed by a pair of nuts 155
to fix. Contacts 159 and 160 that are electrically insulated from each other are attached to the sliding member 154, and this pair of contacts are connected to NAND gates 160a and 160b.
are connected to the inputs of each. On the surface of the code plate 151, two arc-shaped insulating layers 156 and 157 are juxtaposed in the radial direction, and on each insulating layer, ground metal layers 158a to 158c are formed in the shape shown in the figure.

In the A-D converter having such a configuration, a potential Vcc is applied to each input terminal of the NAND gates 160a and 160b through a resistor, and a resistor and a capacitor are connected to the tone lever to prevent chattering. Therefore, when the rotating shaft 150 is rotationally driven to cause the sliding member 154 to assume four different angular positions, a 2-bit (4-state) binary signal can be obtained at the NAND gate output terminals T ₁ and T ₂ accordingly. Can be done.

Electronic switches 6 are controlled by the output digital signals of these signal generators 17 and 18, respectively.
Regarding items 8 and 10, these electronic switches are analog switches that are controlled by digital signals but transmit input analog signals to the output side according to control signals, for example, as shown in Figures 4a and 4b. It can be configured as follows.
FIG. 4a shows an electronic switch 6, 7, or 8 used in correspondence with the A/D converter of FIG. 2a already exemplified as a tone lever _; S ₄
1, a voltage dividing resistor circuit 134 having a tap connected to an input terminal of this circuit, and a decoder 132 connected to a control input terminal of the circuit 133. Now the input terminal
Applying one of musical tone signals 33 to 35 to T ₀ ,
The converter output terminals T ₁ , T ₂ of FIG. 2a are connected to the terminals T ₁ , T _{2 .}
When a 2-bit binary signal from S1 is applied, the switching element S ₁
~ _S4 is turned on, thereby generating musical tone signals 36, 37 having four different amplitude levels between the input level and the 0 level.
or 38 can be obtained at output terminal Q. Fourth
Figure b shows a 4-bit analog electronic switch used in correspondence with the converter in Figure 2b, which converts the divided voltage outputs taken out from each tap of the voltage dividing resistor circuit 144, which outputs musical tone signals, to the output of the 4-bit decoder. A solid-state switching circuit 143 including switching elements S ₁ to _{S 16} controlled by decoder inputs T ₁ to _{T 4}
It will be readily understood that the electronic switch functions similarly to the electronic switch of FIG. 4a.

Switches SW ₁ to _{SW 4} are used to switch between actual performance by the performer of the electronic musical instrument and automatic performance by the information processing device.These movable contacts are normally linked, but they are used in the training system etc. described later. When applying this automatic performance device to If the movable contacts of switches SW ₁ to _{SW 4} are brought into contact with the contacts X ₁ to _{X 4} , respectively, as shown in the figure, the player can control the movable controls on the main body of the electronic musical instrument, that is, the key switch K of the keyboard, and the tone Lever _L1 ~ _L3 , expression pedal P,
As you operate vibrato switch B etc. according to the performance content, digital performance information is transmitted to each contact point.
The musical tones or acoustic information corresponding to the digital performance information obtained from X ₁ to _{X 4} is obtained from the speaker 12.

Next, the configuration and operation of the performance information processing device will be described.

In FIG. 1, digital performance information 46 consisting of digital signals 42 to 45 obtained from contacts X ₁ to _{X 4} is transferred to an information compression detection device 21 (IDD), and when a change (event) in the performance state occurs. Digital performance information 47 in compressed form, including a digital signal containing the changes in , and a relative time signal indicating the relative time between the changes, is stored in storage device 22 .
(MEM). The stored contents of the storage device 22 are read out as digital information 48 to the information reproducing device 23 (IRD) and reproduced as the original uncompressed performance information 49, and then sent to the other contacts Y ₁ to Y ₄ of each switch. Distributed supply. Control signals 54 to 5 control the operations of these devices 21 to 23, respectively.
A control device 24 (CD) is provided which is controlled by 6. In this embodiment, an information compression detection device 21 and an information reproducing device 23 are provided, and the digital performance information obtained from the main body of the electronic musical instrument is directly transmitted to the storage device 2.
2 prevents memorization from being played back.
This is to allow a huge amount of digital performance information to be stored using a storage device with as low a storage capacity as possible.

By configuring the performance information processing device in this way, the movable contacts of the switches SW ₁ to _{SW 4} are set at the positions X ₁ to X ₄ shown in the figure, and the performance of the performer is compressed into the storage device 22. Digital performance information of shapes 4
7, and switch it on at the appropriate time after the performance is finished.
Insert the movable contacts of SW ₁ to SW ₄ to the Y ₁ to _{Y 4} side,
The digital performance information 48 is read from the storage device 22 by the information reproducing device 23 and reproduced, and each contact Y ₁
By distributing the data to ~ _Y4 , the electronic musical instrument itself can be played automatically and unattended. In this case, for example, do not insert switch SW ₂ into the Y ₂ contact side.
Insert the other SW ₁ , SW ₃ , and SW ₄ into the Y ₁ , Y ₃ , and Y ₄ contacts, respectively, to create vibrato effects, tone control, and expression (timbre).
Automatically plays only control-related performance information,
It is also possible to have the player only play the keyboard.

As is clear from the above description, some terms used in this specification will be defined here. That is, (1) "operators" refer to keys, tone levers, volume control knobs, vibrato effect levers, expression pedals, etc. that the performer operates according to the content of the performance during performance. (2) "Digital performance information" refers to information obtained by converting the displacement amount or displacement state of the operator into a corresponding digital amount; for example, this information is a 256-bit binary signal. (3) "Event" refers to a change in the state of a control between the current scanning time and the previous state scanning time when detecting the state of the control. (4) "Relative time" refers to the time interval between one event and the previous event;
Indicated by ΔT. (5) "Status word" refers to digital performance information expressed as a key code or serial bit corresponding to the status of a plurality of blocks of operators. (6) "Event check word" refers to digital information indicating the address of the block where the event occurred. (7) "Compressed information" refers to information that includes status words, event check words, and digital information indicating relative time.One of the features of the present invention is that a huge amount of performance information can be compressed into multiple pieces of information such as status words, event check words, and digital information indicating relative time. The purpose is to process it by a combination of the following.

The specific configuration and operation of the performance information processing device will be explained below with reference to FIG.

In the figure, each digital performance information signal 42
The contacts X _{1 to X 4 leading to the terminals X 1} to _{X 4} are respectively connected to event detection circuits 62 to 65 (EDC ₁ to EDC ₄ ). These event detection circuits 62 to 65 compare digital information regarding corresponding operators at regular time intervals, detect events as data changes, and send the results to the control processor 92.

Here, as a representative example, an event detection circuit 62 that detects an event related to a keyboard, that is, a change in the playing state of the keyboard will be described. Keyboard signal generator 1
A digital signal 43 corresponding to the displacement of the key switch K obtained from 6 is generated by the clock pulse φ2.
Parallel in-serial out shift register 71 (SR ₁ ) sequentially at every cycle of Tφ2=1/fφ2
is read out. Keyboard information read out in a certain period is serially input by clock pulse φ1 at a period of Tφ1=Tφ2/n (here, for example, n=2 ⁴ ).
It is sequentially sent to the parallel out shift register 72 (SR ₂ ). The contents of the shift register 72 are simultaneously written into the buffer register 74 (BF ₁ ) by the clock pulse φ2. The digital signal indicating the playing state of each key read out to the shift register 71 in the next cycle of the clock pulse φ2 is combined with the digital signal indicating the playing state of each key in the previous cycle, ie, the contents of the shift register 72, at the exclusive OR gate 73. The corresponding keys are compared bit by bit. If even one bit does not match in this comparison, the exclusive OR gate 73 produces an output;
This output is temporarily stored in flip-flop 75 (FF). That is, if even one bit of the digital signals compared by the exclusive OR gate 73 does not match, it means that a performance state change (event) of ON or OFF has occurred in one of the key switches. The flip-flop 75 has its output terminal connected to its input terminal for feedback, and if there is even one event bit in the comparison result of the exclusive OR gate 73, the stored contents will eventually become that event bit. Become. For example, for simplicity, assume that 16-bit digital signals are compared by exclusive OR gate 73 and the result is "0001000000000000".
The memory content of the flip-flop becomes "0001111111111111", which means that "1" is finally stored. For example, if the shift registers 71 and 72 are configured to store 256-bit keyboard performance information, the comparison in the exclusive OR gate 73 and the temporary storage in the flip-flop 75 are performed for each 16-bit block.
The detection results for each 16 bits (block) may be temporarily stored in another shift register (not shown). As can be seen, in this case the information in the shift register (other registers not shown) corresponds to one event check word. In any case, flipflop 7
The memory contents of 5 are led to the OR gate 66.

The input terminal of the OR gate 66 is connected not only to the event output of the keyboard event detection circuit 62 but also to other vibrato switches, tone levers, and expression pedals that perform similar detection operations in parallel with this detection circuit 62. Event detection circuit 6
Event outputs 3, 64, and 65 are led, and the result of the OR logic is output as a storage request signal, ie, request store signal 100, in synchronization with clock pulse φ2 at AND gate 67.

It is also driven by a clock pulse φ2 to indicate the relative time between event signals, and the processor 92
A counter 61 is provided which is cleared by the output CP (not shown on the processor 92 side). That is, the counter 61 constantly counts the clock pulse φ2, which is output from the control processor 92 upon generation of the request store signal 100. Therefore, it is cleared every time an event signal is sent out from each of the detection circuits 62 to 65. In this way, the count value immediately before the counter 61 is reset by the generation of an event signal, then counts the clock pulse φ2, and is reset again by the generation of the next event signal is the same as that from the previous event signal generation to the current event signal generation. corresponds to the time up to the time. The count value of the counter 61 represents the elapsed time since the previous event signal was generated.

In this way, events for performance information (eg, 512 bits) for all movable members are detected.

The control processor 92 (CP) is driven by the request store signal 100 based on the event detected as described above. This control processor 92 performs, for example, 8-bit parallel processing, and in addition to general functions such as logical operations, arithmetic operations, data transfer, and jumps, it also executes instructions stored in the read-on memory 91 (ROM). The value of the program counter can be arbitrarily set using an external signal. That is, the control processor 92 (CP)
When the request store signal 100 is sent to the first-in-first-out memory 93 (FIFO ₁ ) by the command signal 112 in accordance with the command of the read-on memory 91 (ROM) in which information processing procedures or commands are stored in advance. , counter 61
The event relative time 101, the contents 102 of the buffer register 74 and the contents 103 to 105 of the other detection circuits 63 to 65, the bit with "1" in the shift register in which the detection results of every 16 bits are stored. and the corresponding words. Each time this storage is completed, the counter 61 and flip-flop 75
is cleared by the clear pulse CP, and one sequence of checks is completed. Then, the above-described detection and storage operation is repeated over the entire performance process of the electronic musical instrument main body. FIFO ₁ 93 is a type of temporary storage device that outputs information sequentially from the first input.
The control processor 92 sends command signals 112 and 113 to the memories 93 and 9 to periodically transfer the stored information 110 to the cassette tape memory 94 each time the stored content of the FIFO ₁ 93 reaches a predetermined amount.
Control 4.

In this way, all the performance information is stored on the cassette tape in the cassette tape memory 94 in a compressed form that includes digital signals that include changes in the performance state when they occur and relative time signals that indicate the relative times between the changes. The information is stored in the form of a compressed event matrix (i.e., a compressed information data format). In this case, in order to store irregularly compressed information in a simple memory 94 capable of long-term storage,
It is extremely advantageous to provide FIFO memory 93 before memory 94. Furthermore, it is understood that storing such a huge amount of performance information in a compressed form is extremely effective in reducing the storage capacity of the memories 93 and 94. For example, in an automatic performance system that displays all performance information as a 512-bit binary signal, considering that at most only a few dozen bits change during the actual performance, the compression detection storage method described above is The importance of reducing capacity and thus simplifying the overall device and reducing costs is clear.

The above is the structure and operation of the system for compressing, detecting and storing digital performance information. Next, the structure and operation of the system for reproducing the stored digital performance information will be described.

In the cassette tape memory 94, the compressed digital performance information is stored at event relative times ΔT ₁ to ΔT _o , as shown in FIGS. 6a and 6b.
Event matrix 1 including an event check word that indicates the address of the buffer register where the event occurred, and a status word that indicates the contents of the buffer register when the event occurred.
It is stored in the form of ~n. These event matrix information 111 are sequentially and regularly stored in the first-in-first-out buffer memory 95 (FIFO ₂ ).
is read out. This reading operation is controlled by the control processor 92 using command signals 113 and 1.
14 is used.

In this performance information reproducing device, performance information 1 of pitches related to the keyboard is stored in the parallel-in/serial-out shift register 87 (SR ₃ ) from the memory 95.
16. Parallel in-parallel out buffer register 82 (BF ₃ ) contains information 117 about the presence or absence of vibrato effect, parallel in-parallel out buffer register 83 (BF ₄ ) contains tone lever-related timbre information 118, The parallel in-parallel out buffer register 84 (BF ₅ ) contains expression pedal-related volume information 119;
Event relative time information 120 is distributed and read out from the counter 85 (CT ₃ ).

Control processor 92 reads commands from memory 91 and outputs command signals 113, 114, 11.
5, memories 94 and 95 and counter 8 respectively.
8 (CT ₂ ) and shift control register 90
(SCR) control. The serial in-parallel out shift register 86 (SR ₄ ) is provided to perform modifications such as automatic modulation and tempo changes, which will be explained later.
Parallel out buffer register 81 (BF ₂ )
This is to perform a buffering effect when transferring keyboard information to the main body of the electronic musical instrument. The AND gate 89 outputs a clock pulse φ3 according to the command signal read out to the shift control register 90.
The output signal 125 serves as a shift control signal for shift registers 86 and 87 and is counted by a counter 88 at the same time. Counter 88 clears register 90 with its ripple clock signal 127.

In order to reproduce the performance information, first, the signal of the event relative time ΔT ₁ is read to the counter 85 (CT ₃ ), and the counter 85 is counted down by the clock pulse φ2. This counter 85
is decremented by the clock pulse φ2, and the signal whose content becomes "0" (underflow signal) is sent to the control processor 92 as an information request signal, that is, a request data signal 121. The control processor 92 receives this signal 1.
21, the contents of the event matrix are first checked from the address indicated by the event check word, and the parallel-in-serial-out shift register 87 (SR ₃ ) having the corresponding address is checked.
and buffer registers 82 to 84 (BF ₃ to _{BF 5} )
instructs memory 95 to write the status word to . Further, the counter 85 similarly counts down the event relative time ΔT ₂ so that the contents of the registers 87, 82 to 84 that have been written are held until the contents become zero. In this way, the counter 85 counts the event relative time to detect the event, and by reading out the status word containing the event bit corresponding to the event, information related to pitch, timbre, effect, and tempo can be obtained. becomes possible to play.

Shift registers 86 and 87 have four functions: clock inhibit, right shift, left shift, and parallel load.
These modes are independently controlled by a signal 128 from shift control register 90. During the operation modes of the shift registers 86 and 87, (a) clock input is a state in which the clock input is cut off and the data contents do not change, (b) right shift is a state in which data is shifted to the right, and (c) left is a state in which the data contents are not changed. Shift indicates a state in which data is shifted to the left, and (d) Parallel load indicates a state in which parallel data is input from the outside.

Now, to describe the operation of transferring the keyboard information 124 to the buffer register 81, (1) the shift register 87
(2) write a status word as predetermined information to the shift register 87,
(3) Write the number of bits to be transferred to the counter 88, that is, the number of bits in the shift registers 86 and 87, and set the shift registers 86 and 87 to right shift mode by the shift control register 90, so that the counter 88 can count down. This transfer and counting is performed by clock 125.
In this case, the ripple clock signal 127 generated when the transfer is completed and the counter 88 becomes 0 clears the shift control register 90 and the counter 88
and stops the operations of shift registers 86 and 87. The above operations are related to faithful reproduction, but if modulation-modified reproduction is required, the following may be performed.

First, let us consider the case of transposing. In this case, the key information is stored in the shift register 86 in a normal state due to the operations (1) to (3) described above. However,
Since each bit of the shift register 86 accurately corresponds to the information of each key, for example, in order to transpose the key a semitone higher, it is sufficient to shift the contents of the shift register 86 to the right by one bit. That is,
Depending on how many bits the contents of the shift register 86 are shifted to the right or left, the number of times the key is transposed to the treble side or to the bass side is determined.

However, in order to perform the specified transposition, it is necessary to
Following the operation (3), further (4) write a predetermined shift number (frequency to be modulated) to the counter 88,
(5) The shift register 86 may be set to a right shift or left shift mode according to a predetermined modulation direction, the shift register 87 may be set to a clock input mode, and the counter 88 may be enabled to count.

Furthermore, by rearranging the contents of the shift register 86 in a completely reverse order, it is possible to obtain a very special effect as if the keyboard was played with the left and right sides completely reversed, and this is called reverse keying. If this reverse adjustment is necessary, in (3) above, shift register 87 is set to right shift mode, and shift register 87 is set to right shift mode.
6 to the left shift mode, and perform the same operations thereafter.

Next, let us consider the case of performing modified playback that changes the tempo of a song. In order to change the tempo of a song, it is sufficient to change the event relative time ΔT related to the keyboard information. In other words, changing ΔT changes the speed at which the key (note) changes, increasing ΔT slows down the tempo, and shortening ΔT speeds up tempo. For this purpose, the clock pulse φ2 of the counter 85 is
All you have to do is make the frequency variable and control it manually. That is, for example, if the frequency of the clock pulse φ2 corresponding to the counter 85 is increased, the request data signal 121 is outputted from the counter 85 more quickly. Therefore, shift register 87, counter 88, register 90
The status word written to changes faster. Alternatively, the same objective can be achieved by multiplying the event relative time ΔT by an arbitrary constant α in the control processor 92 and writing the value ΔT'=αΔT into the counter 85. In this way, information related to pitch and tempo is stored in the buffer register 8.
1.

On the other hand, information related to effects, timbre, and volume are read out to buffer registers 82, 83, and 84 at each change (event) time indicated by the relative time signal.

After all, each buffer register 81 to 84 reproduces digital performance information about the arrangement position and state of the corresponding operator on the main body of the electronic musical instrument.
By periodically distributing and supplying the contents of each register to the corresponding contacts _Y1 to _Y4 using a clock pulse φ2, musical tone information corresponding to stored performance information can be reproduced through the main body of the electronic musical instrument.

In the above embodiment, it is of course possible to use a known storage device such as a disk, a semiconductor memory, a magnetic tape, or an optical card in place of the memory 94, and the internal logic circuit configuration of the information processing device may also be the same as described above. Without being limited to the embodiments, various circuits solved by Boolean algebra may be substituted as desired. Furthermore, it will be obvious that a known computer can be applied to the information processing device without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

As described above, according to the above embodiment, the following excellent effects are expected.

(1) Since it is configured to detect, store, and reproduce digital performance information according to the displacement of a plurality of operators, extremely faithful performance reproduction is possible, and it is also possible to perform modified reproduction as appropriate.

(2) By digitally processing a huge amount of performance information, the storage capacity of the performance information storage device can be reduced.

(3) By extracting digital performance information from all the operators, the performer's hands are not required during playback, and even an unskilled user of electronic musical instruments can reproduce a completely automatic performance.

(4) During playback, for example, by setting a playback operation such that only keyboard-related information is played and other tone, volume, and effect-related information is not played, or vice versa, in accordance with automatic playback,
Performance information that is not automatically reproduced can be given to the electronic musical instrument body by other performers, thereby helping in performance practice, composing, or arranging activities.

(5) During playback, the tempo and key of the music can be changed arbitrarily, so musical instrument performances can be played back at various tempos and keys using only one type of performance information.

The electronic musical instrument equipped with the automatic performance device of the above embodiment having such functions and effects is extremely useful when applied to, for example, unmanned demonstration performances of electronic musical instruments, simulations of electronic musical instruments, performance training systems for electronic musical instruments, etc. It is something.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an electronic musical instrument equipped with an automatic performance device according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIGS. 2a and 2b are configuration diagrams of an A-D converter for an angular displacement member used in the above embodiment, Figures 3a and 3b are detailed configuration diagrams of the above A-D converter, in detail, a top view of the code plate and a cross-sectional view along line B-B, and Figures 4a and 4b are the same as those of the above embodiment. A wiring diagram of the analog electronic switch circuit used, FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing details of the performance information processing device of the device in FIG. 1, and FIGS. 6a and 6b explain the information processing operation of the device in FIG. 5. This is a diagram for Explanation of symbols, ... electronic musical instrument body, ... performance information processing device, 1 ... tone generator, 2 ... electronic switch for keyboard, 3 - 5 ... tone circuit, 6 - 8 ... electronic switch for tone lever, 9 ... mixing circuit, 10...
Expression electronic switch, 11... Output amplifier, 12... Speaker, 13... Vibrato electronic switch, 14... Vibrato oscillator, 15... Push button signal generator, 16... Keyboard signal generator, 1
7... Tone lever signal generator, 18... Pedal signal generator, 21... Performance information compression detection device, 22... Storage device, 23... Performance information reproducing device, 24... Control device, 61, 85, 88... Counter, 71, 72,
74, 81-84, 86, 87, 90...shift register, 62-65...event detection circuit, 73...
Exclusive or gate, 91...read only memory,
92...Control processor, 94...Cassette tape memory, 93, 95...First-in-first-out memory, 133, 143...Switching circuit.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A keyboard comprising a plurality of keys and specifying the pitch of a musical tone signal to be generated; musical tone signal forming means for forming a musical tone signal of the pitch specified by the keyboard; and the musical tone signal. In an electronic musical instrument having an operator that controls at least one musical tone element among the timbre, volume, and effect of a musical tone signal formed by a forming means, the operation state of the operator that changes over time is represented. storage means for storing operator performance information; output means for sequentially outputting the stored operator performance information stored in the storage means over time; and output means for sequentially outputting the operator performance information based on operations of the operator. The controller performance information is supplied to the musical tone signal forming means to control the musical tone element of the musical tone signal by the operator performance information, or the storage operator performance information outputted from the output means is supplied to the musical tone signal forming means to be stored. 1. An electronic musical instrument with an automatic performance device, comprising a selection means for selecting whether to control the musical tone element of a musical tone signal based on operator performance information. 2. A keyboard comprising a plurality of keys and specifying the pitch of a musical tone signal to be generated; a musical tone signal forming means for forming a musical tone signal of a pitch specified by the keyboard; and a musical tone signal forming means formed by the musical tone signal forming means. The electronic musical instrument has an operator that controls at least one musical tone element among the timbre, volume, and effect of a musical tone signal, and the operating state of each key of the keyboard and the operator that changes over time. storage means for storing keyboard performance information and operator performance information respectively represented; output means for sequentially outputting the stored keyboard performance information and storage operator performance information stored in the storage means over time; Keyboard performance information based on keyboard operations is supplied to the musical sound signal forming means, and the pitch of the musical sound signal is controlled by the keyboard performance information, or stored keyboard performance information output from the output means is supplied to the musical sound signal forming means. first selection means for selecting whether to control the pitch of the musical tone signal using the stored keyboard performance information; The musical tone element of the musical tone signal is controlled by the operator performance information, or the memory operator performance information outputted from the output means is supplied to the musical tone signal forming means to generate the musical tone of the musical tone signal using the memory operator performance information. 1. An electronic musical instrument with an automatic performance device, comprising: second selection means for selecting whether to control an element.