JPH01256738A - Housing - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To reduce energy and improve a habitability and durability by a method wherein a ventilation having less thermal loss is carried out, solar heat is collected at an outer wall and a roof and then a suction or a discharging is carried out through a heat exchanger. CONSTITUTION:During winter season, air sucked through a ventilation port 12 from am outside part B is fed to a collector space 5 by a draft duct 13. At the collector space 5, the air is heated by a solar heat within a wall collector space 7 and a roof collector space 9 and ascends there. The air is supplied to a mixing duct 15 through a heat exchanger 14. Within the mixing duct 15, the air from the heat exchanger 14 and the air from the under-floor space 3 are mixed to each other. The mixed air is discharged into an attic space 1. In summer season, as indicated by a dotted line, air at outside part B is sent directly to the mixing duct 15 through the heat exchanger 14 without passing through the collector space 5, whereby the heat at the outside part B is not transmitted into a housing A and a ventilation can be carried out.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Field of Application] The present invention relates to a house using a so-called air cycle, which utilizes air flow. More specifically, the present invention relates to a house that has low heat loss and also has a ventilation function for the living space.

[Conventional technology]

In houses with this type of structure, the space under the floor and the attic are communicated through the space within the walls, and these spaces are ventilated naturally or by forced air circulation.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

However, in conventional air cycle houses that utilize natural ventilation, when only a certain room is heated, such as in the winter, the air cycle of the entire house layer is not performed. This is because when only one room in a house is heated, the inner walls and ceiling of the house, as well as the shoji screens on the hallway side, etc., are heated, and only the internal space of this part is heated.
It cannot be the driving force that causes the air cycle of the entire house,
There was a drawback that when the increased temperature reached a certain height on the wall surface, it was lowered by other cold air and water condensed at that position. Of course, the stove etc. are on the floor, so
The air cycle space near this area immediately condenses due to contact with the low temperature and high humidity heated air from the underfloor space.
It had the disadvantage of accelerating corrosion of the base and the insulation material (glass wool becoming a wet rag). Furthermore, both the air cycle houses with natural ventilation and the air cycle houses with forced ventilation do not have a structure to take air into the indoor space, nor do they have a structure that allows air to be completely distributed in the air cycle space.

[Means for Solving the Problem] In order to eliminate these drawbacks, the present invention provides ventilation with less heat loss by making the living space one of the air cycle paths, and also collects solar heat on the outer wall and roof. By heating, we aim to reduce energy consumption in winter, and by taking in and exhausting the air inside the house through a heat exchanger, we prevent heat from entering the house, improving livability and durability. It proposes improved houses.

〔Example〕

An embodiment of a house according to the present invention will be described in detail below using the drawings. FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a typical example of the above-mentioned house A, where ■ is an attic space, 2 is a living space,
3 is the underfloor space, 4 is the airtight insulation layer, and the work is the collector space.
11 is a ventilation space, 13 is a draft duct, 14 is a heat exchanger, 16 is an air collection duct, 17 is a ventilation fan, 18 is an air supply port,
20 to 22 are pipes. In other words, attic space 1
, living space 2, under-floor space 3, and ventilation space 11 are spaces surrounded by an airtight insulation layer 4 inside the house, and inner walls 10,
There are three spaces separated by a ceiling 23 and a floor 24, and the attic space 1 is a space where outside air or the air above the collector space is obtained through a heat exchanger 14, as described later, and an underfloor space 3. It is a space where air is mixed with air sent from the air collection duct 16 through the mixing duct 15 and then released, and is an air dam-like space for sending air to the living space 2 and to the underfloor space 3 via the ventilation space 11. It is something that fulfills a function. Furthermore, the living space 2 is a space where the resident carries out his daily life, and is connected to the underfloor space 3 or the attic space 1 by an air supply port 18. This air supply port 18 is a passage for sending the air in the underfloor space 3 to the living space 2, and may be a simple thank-you note or one with a forced air fan. Furthermore, a ventilation fan 17 is provided at at least one location in the living space 2. This ventilation fan 17 is connected to a heat exchanger 14 by a pipe 22, and the heat exchanger 14 carries dirty air and humid air caused by the breathing of the occupant and exhaust from a heater such as a stove in the living space 2. It is for discharging to the outside through. The underfloor space 3 is a space divided by the living space 2 and the floor 24, and is communicated with the attic space 1 via the ventilation space 11. Further, the attic space 1, living space 2, and underfloor space 3 are surrounded by an airtight heat insulating layer 4. This airtight heat insulating layer 4 has at least heat insulating properties and sealing properties, and secondarily has sound insulating properties and
It is formed from a material having sound absorbing and moisture-proofing properties, such as a sheathing board, a sheathing insulation board, an ALC board, various synthetic resin boards, a wood chip cement board, a glass wool board, or a composite board thereof. To explain further, the airtight insulation layer 4 divides the inside of the house A into two groups: an attic space 1, a living space 2, and an underfloor space 3, and a collector space j consisting of a wall collector space 7 and a roof collector space 9. This is to prevent the flow of air and heat between groups.

Note that it is also possible to attach an airtight film such as a polyethylene sheet or an aluminum vapor-deposited sheet to the outer surface (the surface on the collector space i side) or the inner surface of the airtight heat insulating layer 4. The collector space j consists of a wall collector space 7 and a roof collector space 9, and the wall collector space 7 has an outer wall 6.
The roof collector space 9 is a space between the roof 8 and the airtight insulation layer 4. This wall collector space 7 and roof collector space 9
is a part that collects solar heat through the outer wall 6 and roof 8. To explain further, the collector space stands discharges the air taken in from the ventilation opening 12 at the lower end and tip of the wall collector space 7 and the roof collector space 9 through the draft duct 13, and warms the air through the outer wall 6 and roof 8, respectively. It is a part.

This warmed air rises, is collected by a heat collection duct, etc. (not shown), and is used for heating the house A via the heat exchanger 14. In addition, even if heat cannot be collected in the collector space i in winter, air at the same temperature as the outside temperature is warmed by the air inside the house A via the heat exchanger 14, and is mixed with the existing air in the mixing duct 15. Since it is discharged into the attic space 1 after being mixed, heating efficiency is not reduced. In addition, the collector space system is not operated in the summer, and is either completely stopped or the air dispersed by the draft duct 13 is discharged from the ventilation port 12 through the ventilation port 12. Further, although the draft duct 13 is shown as one piece separated in the middle in FIG. 1, it is also possible to provide separate draft ducts 13 for the wall collector space 7 and the roof collector space 9, respectively. The ventilation space 11 is a space formed between the inner wall 10 and the airtight insulation layer 4, and the lower part is the underfloor space 3,
The upper part is a space continuous with the attic space 1. This ventilation space 11 is for removing cold air near the inner wall 10 of the living space 2 by moving warm fresh air distributed in the attic space 1 to the underfloor space 3.

The heat exchanger 14 has a structure, for example, as shown in FIG. The opening (not shown), the duct 14d is connected to the ventilation fan 17, and the duct 14c is connected to the mixing duct. That is, the heat exchanger 14 connects fresh air directly from the collector space or the outside to the duct 14a.
When blowing air from the duct 14c to the mixing duct 15, the air is taken in from the duct 14d to the duct I-14b.
This is to exchange the heat of the warm air that is discharged to the outside through the vent, and to prevent heat from entering or exiting. Mixing duct 15
The air taken into the house A via the heat exchanger 14 is mixed with the existing warm air sent from the underfloor space 3, and then released into the attic space 1. This is because even though the air taken in through the heat exchanger 14 is warmed by heat exchange with the air discharged through the heat exchanger 14, the temperature inside the house A depends on the size of the heat exchange coefficient. Since the temperature is lower than air, it is mixed with the existing air in the mixing duct 15 and released into the attic space 1 in a warmer state, and fresh air is taken in to prevent the temperature from decreasing. It is something. Therefore, there is no change in the temperature distribution in the attic space l, and partial condensation can be prevented. The air collection duct 16 is for blowing warm air from the underfloor space 3 to the mixing duct 15, and has a simple cylindrical shape, or as shown in FIG.
A pipe made of metal or plastic is formed into an antenna shape, and each has a slit 16a in a rectangular shape, an ellipse shape, a circular shape, etc., or FIGS.
Materials with voids consisting of a continuous structure, such as fibrous materials such as glass fibers, plastic fibers, mineral fibers, and metal fibers, synthetic resin foams such as open-cell polyurethane foams and polyurea foams, and porous ceramics, as shown in 6(a) and 6(b), which are formed into a pipe-like cross section, such as a ring, square, triangular, or polygonal cross section.

Here, the flow of air will be explained using FIGS. 1 and 2. First, we will explain the flow of air in winter. Air taken in from the outside B through the ventilation port 12 is sent to the collector space through the draft duct 13. In the collector space construction, the heat is heated by solar heat in the wall collector space 7 and the roof collector space 9, rises, and is supplied to the mixing duct 15 via the heat exchanger 14. In the mixing duct 15, air from the heat exchanger 14 and air from the underfloor space 3 are mixed, and this mixed air is discharged into the attic space 1. At this time, when the air heated by the collector space passes through the heat exchanger 14, it absorbs the heat of the air inside the house A that is released to the outside B via the heat exchanger 14, and becomes even warmer. The air is then transferred to the mixing duct 15 in a state where it is warm, and in the mixing duct 15, it is mixed with the warm air inside the house MA and then released into the attic space 1, so that the temperature in the attic space 1 is almost reduced. Therefore, condensation can be prevented.

The air in the attic space 1 is supplied with pressure from the mixing duct 15 and the ventilation fan 17 in the living space 2.
and the suction force by the air collection duct 16 in the underfloor space 3 generate a flow that descends within the ventilation space 11 and moves to the underfloor space 3, and a flow that moves through the air supply port 18 to the living space 2. be done. In the underfloor space 3, a part of the air is transferred by the air collection duct 16 through the pipe 21 to the mixing duct 15, and is discharged into the attic space 1 again. A portion of the air also moves into the living space 2 through the air supply port 18 . Living space 2
The air, together with moisture, gas, etc. emitted from the human body and the heater, passes through a ventilation fan 17 installed in the kitchen, bathroom, etc., and is discharged to the outside B via the heat exchanger 14. In this way, in the winter, it is possible to minimize the flow of heat generated in house A to the outside, and at the same time, ventilation is performed at the same time, providing heating without heat loss and bringing in fresh air. This will be house A, which can be built.

In addition, in the summer, as shown by the dotted line, the heat from outside B is transmitted into house A by sending air from outside B directly to the mixing duct 15 via the heat exchanger 14 without passing through the collector space. Ventilation can be performed without In addition, as mentioned above, in this case, it can be stopped on the collector space, or it can be moved independently in the order of external B-ventilation hole 12-draft duct 13-collector space 1-ventilation port 12-external B. Particularly in the latter case, even if the temperature inside the collector space increases due to solar heat, the temperature inside the living space 2 will not be affected.

What has been described above is only one embodiment of the present invention applied to a house, and as shown in FIG. It can also be set to 25.

Moreover, the air supply port 18 can also be formed only on one of the ceiling 23 and the floor 24. Furthermore, although the heat exchanger 14 is arranged above the collector space in FIG. 1, it can also be arranged in the attic space 1. It is also possible to interpose a fan 19 (the figure shows an example in which it is interposed only in the pipe 21) between the pipes 20 to 22, the draft duct 13, and the ventilation space 11.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As described above, according to the house according to the present invention, (1) All intake and exhaust from the outside is performed through a heat exchanger, so there is no heat input or output, and heating and cooling can be performed efficiently.

■During the winter, solar heat can be utilized in the wall collector space and roof collector space, reducing heating costs. ■ Even if the heat collection function of the collector space cannot be achieved in winter, heat exchange with a heat exchanger,
By mixing it with the warm air inside the house in the mixing duct, it is possible to significantly reduce the local temperature drop in the attic space and prevent condensation. ■You can also ventilate the living space at the same time. ■Since it forms an airtight insulation layer, there are no drafts, allowing for efficient cooling and heating. It has the following effects and characteristics.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a typical example of a house according to the present invention;
Figure 2 is a block diagram explaining the flow of air, Figure 3 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a heat exchanger, Figures 4, 5 (a), (
1)), FIGS. 6(a) and 6(b) are explanatory views showing examples of air collection ducts. A...house, 1...attic space, 2...living space, 3...underfloor space, 4...airtight insulation layer, construction...collector space, 11...ventilation space, 13... Draft duct, 14... Heat exchanger, 15... Mixing duct, 16... Air collection duct, 17... Ventilation fan, 1
8...Air supply port. Part 2 L Fig. 1 + Visually solid waste Is, Mini N Shirewa"5" 7L IG, 1 Pan 9" 7 To Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4, 16 Fig. S (d) Da16 r"6 Figure 6 (α)

Claims (1)

[Claims] (1) The interior of the house is divided by an airtight insulation layer into an attic space, a living space, an underfloor space, a ventilation space, and a collector space consisting of a wall collector space and a roof collector space, and the attic space and underfloor space are Communication is provided by a ventilation space between the inner wall and the airtight insulation layer, and at least one of the underfloor space and the living space or the attic space and the living space is connected by an air supply port. A mixing duct is installed, an air collection duct is installed in the underfloor space, a ventilation fan is installed in the living space, and a heat exchanger is installed at any position in the house, and the heat exchanger, ventilation fan, mixing duct, and collector space are installed. outside air is distributed into the collector space by the draft duct, and the air heated in the collector space is transferred to the mixing duct via the heat exchanger, where it is mixed with the air sent from the underfloor space by the air collection duct. After mixing, it is dispersed in the attic space, and the air is sent from the attic space or through the ventilation space to the underfloor space, passes through the living space, and is released to the outside via a ventilation fan and heat exchanger. A house characterized by: