JPH01174860A - Housing - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To utilize solar heat in winter, to simultaneously ventilate a dwelling space, and to externally discharge heat generated in the space in summer by forming a gable ventilation port with a valve mechanism in the attic space of a housing, and coupling a heat collection duct disposed in a roof collector space to a pipe communicating with a dispersion duct disposed in an underfloor space with the exterior of the housing in a switching manner. CONSTITUTION:In winter, the air fed from the exterior through a suction/ discharge port 11 is diffused by a diffusion fan 13 through a heat exchanger 12 into the attic space 1 of a housing, and moved through a ventilation space 10 to an underfloor space 3. This air is partly moved to a wall collector space 6, heated by solar heat, raised, moved to a roof collector space 8, more heated, moved to a heat collection duct 16, dispersed through a fan 18, a pipe 22 and a dispersion duct 17 into the space 3, mixed with air passing the space 10, and introduced through a supply port 14 to a dwelling space 2. In summer, a passage from the duct 16 to the duct 17 is closed, connected to the exterior, a gable ventilation port 25 is opened, and a ventilation fan 15 is stopped.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Field of Application] The present invention relates to a house using a so-called air cycle, which utilizes air flow. More specifically, the present invention relates to a house that has low heat loss and also has a ventilation function for the living space.

[Conventional technology]

Houses with this type of structure communicated the space under the floor and the attic through the space within the walls, and these spaces were ventilated either by natural ventilation or by forced air circulation.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

However, in conventional air cycle houses that utilize natural ventilation, when only a limited room is heated, such as in the winter, the air cycle of the entire house is not performed. This is because if only one room in the house is used, the internal walls and ceiling of the house, as well as the shoji screens on the hallway side, etc., are humidified, and the temperature only increases in the interior space of this part.
It cannot be the driving force that causes the air cycle of the entire house,
There was a drawback that when the increased temperature reached a certain height on the wall surface, it was lowered by other cold air and water condensed at that position. Of course, the stove etc. are on the floor, so
The air cycle space near this area immediately condenses due to contact with the low temperature and high humidity heated air from the underfloor space.
It had the disadvantage of accelerating corrosion of the base and the insulation material (glass wool becoming a wet rag). Furthermore, both the air cycle houses with natural ventilation and the air cycle houses with forced ventilation do not have a structure to take air into the indoor space, nor do they have a structure that allows air to be completely distributed in the air cycle space.

[Means to solve the problem]

In order to eliminate these drawbacks, the present invention provides ventilation with less heat loss by making the living space part of the air cycle path, and also reduces energy consumption in winter by collecting solar heat on the outer walls and roof. The purpose of this project is to propose a house that improves livability and durability by preventing heat from flowing into the house and by sucking in and exhausting heat through a heat exchanger.

〔Example〕

An embodiment of a house according to the present invention will be described in detail below using the drawings. FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a typical example of the above-mentioned house A, where l is an attic space, 2 is a living space,
3 is an underfloor space, 4 is an airtight insulation layer, 6 is a wall collector space, 8 is a roof collector space, 10 is a ventilation space, 1) is an intake/exhaust port, 12 is a heat exchanger, 14 is an air supply port, 15 is a ventilation fan , 16 is a heat collection duct, 17 is a distribution duct, 18 is a fan, 19 to 22 are pipes, and 25 is a gable ventilation opening. In other words, the attic space 1, the living space 2, and the underfloor space 3 are house A.
The inside of the attic space 1 is divided into three spaces by an inner wall 9, a ceiling 23, and a floor 24.As will be described later, the attic space 1 is a space in which outside air taken in through a heat exchanger 12 is stirred and dispersed by a diffusion fan 13. Air dam function for
and one of the routes for sending warm air to the underfloor space.
It is one. Furthermore, the living space 2 is a space where the occupants live their daily lives, and is connected to the underfloor space 3 by an air supply port 14. This air supply port 14 is a passage for sending air in the underfloor space 3 to the living space 2, and may be a simple thank-you note or one with a forced air fan. Further, a ventilation fan 15 is provided at at least one location in the living space 2. This ventilation fan 15 is connected to a heat exchanger 12 by a pipe 21, and the heat exchanger 12 carries out dirty air and humid air caused by the breathing of the occupant, exhaust from a heater such as a stove, etc. in the living space 2. It is for discharging to the outside through. The underfloor space 3 is a space divided by the living space 2 and the floor 24, and communicates with the attic space 1 via the ventilation space 10, and also with the lower part of the wall collector space 6. In addition, attic space 1, living space 2,
The underfloor space 3 is a portion surrounded by an airtight heat insulating layer 4. This airtight insulation layer 4 is made of a material that has at least heat insulation and sealing properties, and secondarily has sound insulation, sound absorption, and moisture proof properties, such as a sheathing board, a sheathing insulation board, an ALC board, and various synthetic resin boards. It is made of wood cement boards, glass wool boards, etc., or composite boards of these. To explain further, the airtight insulation layer 4 divides the inside of the house A into two groups: an attic space 1, a living space 2, and an underfloor space 3, and a wall collector space 6 and a roof collector space 8. and functions as a heat insulating layer. The wall collector space 6 is a space surrounded by the outer wall 5 and the airtight insulation layer 4, and the roof collector space 8 is the space between the roof 7 and the airtight insulation layer 4. The wall collector space 6 and the roof collector space 8 are continuous, and are areas where solar heat is collected via the outer wall 5 and the roof 7. To explain further, the lower part (near the base) of the wall collector space 6 communicates with the underfloor space 3 and the ventilation space 10, takes in a part of the air from the underfloor space 3, and heats this air with solar heat via the outer wall 5. It is warming. Since this wall collector space 6 is continuous with the roof collector space 8, the air heated in the wall collector space 6 rises and moves to the roof collector space 8. The air that has moved to the roof collector space 8 passes through the roof 7 and is further heated by solar heat.
Heat collection duct 1 installed near the ridge of roof collector space 8
6, and in winter, it is transported to the underfloor space 3 through a fan 18 and a pipe 22. That is, the wall collector space 6 and the roof collector space 8 are used to collect solar heat in winter and use it for heating the house A. In addition, the heat collection duct 16 and the fan 18
is activated only when the temperature of the air in the roof collector space 8 exceeds the temperature in at least one of the attic space 1, living space 2, and underfloor space 3. In this case, the heat collection duct 16 and the fan 18 may be controlled by a sensor or a microcomputer, although not shown. Further, in the summer, the heat collection duct 16 closes the path with the pipe 22, so that air is released to the outside of the house A, and the heat inside the house A is released. Dispersion duct 1
7 is disposed in the underfloor space 3 and is connected to the heat collection tact 16 and the fan 18 by a pipe 22, and the air heated by the wall collector space 6 and the roof collector space 8 is transferred to the underfloor space 3. It is intended for dispersion into Its shape is, for example, as shown in Figure 3, in which a pipe made of metal or plastic is formed into an antenna shape.
Each has a rectangular shape, an oval shape, a circular shape, etc.)
17a, or materials with voids consisting of a continuous structure, such as fibrous materials such as glass fiber, plastic fiber, mineral fiber, and metal fiber, and synthetic resin foams such as open-cell structure polyurethane foam and polyurea foam. 4(a) and 4(b), in which a body, porous ceramic, etc., is formed into a pipe-like cross section, such as a ring shape, a quadrangular shape, a triangular shape, a polygonal shape, or the like. The ventilation space IO has an inner wall 9 and an airtight insulation layer 4
This is a space formed between the two spaces, with the lower part being continuous with the underfloor space 3 and the upper part being continuous with the attic space 1. This ventilation space 1
0 is a path for directing fresh air taken in by the intake/exhaust port 1) and the heat exchanger 12 in the winter, and fresh air taken in from the gable ventilation port 25 in the summer to the underfloor space 3. , for removing cold air near the inner wall 9 of the living space 2. The heat exchanger 12 has a structure, for example, as shown in FIG.
12d is connected to the ventilation fan 15 with a pipe 21, and the duct 12
c is connected to a diffusion fan 13. That is, the heat exchanger 12 takes in fresh air from the duct 12a through the pipe 19 from the intake/exhaust port 1), and when releasing air from the duct 12c to the attic space 1 by the diffusion fan 13, the heat exchanger 12 takes in fresh air from the duct 12d to the duct 12b. This is to exchange the heat of the warm air passing through and exhausting it to the outside, thereby preventing heat from being released. In addition, the diffusion fan 13 is installed in the attic space l.
The purpose is to uniformize the temperature in the attic space l by diffusing the fresh air obtained through the heat exchanger 12. In addition, the gable ventilation opening 25 is connected to the attic space 1 and the house A.
It is connected to the outside of the body and is accompanied by a valve mechanism. This end ventilation port 25 is open in the summer and serves as an opening for taking in outside air, and is closed in the winter. Note that it is also possible to attach a forced ventilation device such as a fan to the end ventilation port 25.

Here, regarding the air flow, Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 (a),
This will be explained using (b). FIG. 2(a) shows the flow in winter, where air is taken in from the outside B into the house A through the air intake and exhaust ports 1), and then through the heat exchanger 12 and the attic space by the diffusion fan 13. 1 and supplied. The pressure of the air in the attic space 1 increases due to the air supplied from the heat exchanger 12, and this pressure causes the air to move through the ventilation space 10 to the underfloor space 3. The air that has moved into this underfloor space 3 is determined by the operating status of the heat collection duct 6,
And due to the pressure in the underfloor space 3, a part of it moves into the wall collector space 6. In the wall collector space 6, it is warmed by solar heat through the outer wall 5, rises, and moves to the roof collector space 8. In the roof collector space 8, the solar heat is heated through the roof 7 and transferred to the heat collection duct 16 provided in the ridge.

This warmed air is passed through the heat collection duct 16 to the fan 18
The liquid is conveyed through a pipe 22 to a distribution duct (17) arranged in the underfloor space 3, and is uniformly dispersed within the underfloor space 3. In the underfloor space 3, the air sent from the heat collection duct 16 and the air that has passed through the ventilation space 10 are mixed, and this mixed warm air enters the living space 2 through the air supply port 14. The air in the living space 2 is dispersed between the rooms, is finally carried to the heat exchanger 12 via the ventilation fan 15, and is discharged to the outside B through the pipe 20 through the air intake and exhaust port 1). At this time, since pressure is applied to the attic space 1, the moisture (humidity) generated in the living space 2 does not leak into the attic space 1 and is passed through the ventilation fan 15 and heat exchanger 12 to the outside B. It is also possible to prevent corrosion of house A by releasing it to In this way, in the winter season, the house A can minimize the outflow of heat generated in the house A to the outside, and can also provide ventilation at the same time. In addition, in the summer, the path from the heat collection duct 16 to the distribution duct 17 is closed and connected to the outside B, and the end ventilation opening 25 is opened and the ventilation fan 15 is stopped, as shown in Fig. 2 (b). ) The air flow should be as shown in (). That is, air from outside B passes through the gable ventilation opening 25 and is taken into the attic space 1 inside the house A. Next, due to the suction force generated by the release of air from the heat collection duct 16, the heat flows downward from the attic space 1 into the ventilation space 10, and moves from the lower part of the ventilation space IO through the underfloor space 3 or directly to the wall collector space 6. .

Inside the wall collector space 6, the air is warmed by intense solar heat in summer and rises and moves to the roof collector space 8.

Air is heated in the roof collector space 8 as well as in the wall collector space 6 and is discharged to the outside B via the heat collection duct 16. In this flow, the air can move through the ventilation space 10 and at the same time absorb heat within the living space 2.

What has been described above is only one embodiment of the house A according to the present invention, and as shown by the dotted line in FIG.
6 and the distribution duct 17 can also be used as a radiator 26 in the living space 2. Furthermore, although the air intake and exhaust ports 1) are formed near the base in FIG. 1, they may also be provided near the roof 7, such as the eaves. Furthermore, although the heat exchanger 12 is arranged in the attic space 1 in the figure, it can also be arranged in a part of the wall or in the underfloor space 3. Further, it is also possible to provide a valve mechanism between the ventilation space 10 and the underfloor space 3. Further, when a material having voids made of a continuous structure is used as the dispersion duct 17, it can be formed as schematically shown in cross-sectional views in FIGS. 6(a) to 6(h). That is, (a) the figure shows a dispersion duct 17 consisting only of the main body 17b made of a material having voids in a continuous structure, (bl), and (C) the figure shows the inner surface, outer surface, or both sides (not shown) of the main body 17b. The dispersion duct 17 is coated with a breathable sheet 17c to improve shape retention, (d3 to (hJ figure is the outer surface of the main body 17b covered with a sheet-like material 17d, and the figure (d) is a slit A dispersion duct 17 with a portion 17e formed thereon, (Fig. 17(e) to d is a dispersion duct with a free end 17f formed on a part of a sheet-like material 17d) 17, and Fig. (h) a dispersion duct with a part of the main body 17b exposed. The sheet-like material 17d in the (d1 to (h) figures) may be either breathable or non-breathable, but if the sheet-like material 17d in the (d1 to (g1) figures is non-breathable, the slit 17e and the free end 17f function as a valve, and the air inside the dispersion duct 17 is released to the outside, which is preferable.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As described above, according to the house according to the present invention, (1) All intake and exhaust from the outside is performed through a heat exchanger, so there is no heat input or output, and heating and cooling can be performed efficiently.

■During the winter, solar heat can be utilized in the wall collector space and roof collector space, reducing heating costs. ■In the summer, heat generated within the living space can be released to the outside. ■During the winter, the living space can be ventilated at the same time.

■Since the pressure in the attic space is higher than that in the living space, moisture and humidity generated in the living space will not leak into the attic space, improving the durability of the house. It has the following effects and characteristics.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a typical example of a house according to the present invention;
Figures 2 (a) and (b) are block diagrams explaining air flow, Figures 3 and 4 (a) and (b) are explanatory diagrams showing examples of distribution ducts, and Figure 5 is a heat exchange diagram. FIGS. 6(a) to 6(hl) are explanatory diagrams showing other examples of the configuration of the dispersion duct. A: House, l: Attic space, 2...・Living space, 3...Underfloor space, 4...Airtight insulation layer, 6...Wall collector space, 8...Roof collector space, lO・
... Ventilation space, 12... Heat exchanger, 14... Air supply vent, 15... Ventilation fan, 25... Gable ventilation port. Fig. 1 25, Kyoto Entrance No. 22 (α) Fig. 2 (To) Fig. 3;

Claims (1)

[Claims] (1) Surrounding the attic space, living space, and underfloor space with an airtight insulation layer, forming a wall collector space between the airtight insulation layer and the outer wall, and forming a roof collector space between the airtight insulation layer and the roof. The wall collector space and the roof collector space are communicated with each other, and a ventilation space is formed between the airtight heat insulating layer and the inner wall for communicating the underfloor space and the attic space, and the wall collector space is connected to the roof collector space. The lower part of the roof collector space is connected to the lower part of the ventilation space, and the underfloor space and the living space are connected by an air supply port.The roof collector space is equipped with a heat collection duct, the underfloor space is equipped with a distribution duct, and the living space is equipped with a ventilation fan. At the same time, a heat exchanger is installed at any position inside the house, and at least one intake/exhaust port connecting the inside and outside of the house is formed, and a gable ventilation opening with a valve mechanism is installed in the attic space. The intake and exhaust ports and the heat exchanger,
A house characterized in that a heat collection duct and a distribution duct, and a ventilation fan and a heat exchanger are connected by pipes, and the connection between the heat collection duct and a pipe leading to the outside of the house and the distribution duct can be switched.