JPH0124714B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method and device for grasping and moving blocks for civil engineering, and the invention relates to a method and device for grabbing and moving blocks for civil engineering. The purpose is to be able to form a continuous large block group by lowering it closely to the group.

A typical conventional block gripping and moving device is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. Both are attached to forklift vehicles, and only the gripping mechanism is shown.

In FIG. 1, 1 is a machine frame, 2 is an opening/closing arm, 3 is a driving hydraulic cylinder, 4 is a clamping rod, and B is a block. Generally, Block B comes out of the curing chamber with its "side" facing down, and it is widely used to hold it by the constriction at the rear end of the "Block" as shown in Figure 1. You can also transport them directly to the yard (block storage area), unload them, and stack them on top of each other. However, the method of stacking wastes a lot of space, and it also has the disadvantage of causing damage to the important "surfaces".

Fig. 2 is a device that was developed earlier by the present applicant, in which the blocks B are placed on the floor and aligned front to back, left and right, and the vertical joints of each block are held together by the left and right holding plates 5, 5 and the intermediary plate 6. Squeeze it and use friction to lift it up. When loading the blocks in the yard, block B is stacked in a lying position while alternating its orientation by operating a forklift truck. This eliminates the drawbacks shown in Figure 1, but it is a bit of a hassle to line up blocks B so that they are easy to grab, and it is difficult to operate the forklift truck, which changes direction one after another when loading in the yard. There was a problem. In both cases, there were significant restrictions in terms of transporting large quantities of blocks.

This invention not only makes it possible to transport a large amount of blocks at once, but also transports the maximum number of blocks in a cube-like combination in the smallest space suitable for yard stacking.
If you place them close together in a yard, you can get a dense swarm of blocks.

Next, the configuration and embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

3 and 4 show a grasping and moving device according to an embodiment of the present invention. The lifting device is shown in FIGS. 5-7. Figures 8 and 9 show a group of blocks transported at one time by this embodiment of the apparatus. Of course, the main part of this invention lies in the method and device for creating and picking up blocks.
Although there is nothing new in the mechanism for transporting the group of grabbed blocks, the transport mechanism is mainly shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 as an example.

Most conventional block transfer mechanisms have been forklift trucks. However, when transferring a large amount of blocks,
For the purpose of this invention, which is to create an orderly group of large blocks in a yard, it is preferable to use a gantry crane such as this embodiment or a similar moving mechanism rather than a manually operated forklift vehicle.

In FIGS. 3 and 4, 10 is a gripping device having a mechanism unique to this invention, and 20 is a portal crane. A traveling cart 21 is mounted on the beam of the crane 20, and on the cart 21 there is a guide tube 23 of the lifting column 22 extending above the gripping device 10, and a pulley 24 at the base of the lifting column 22.
It is equipped with a hoisting machine 25 etc. for hoisting up and lowering down.

The structure of the gripping device 10 will now be explained with reference to FIGS. 5 to 7, but first an outline of the method of the invention will be described. It begins by combining the machi blocks into transport unit groups as shown in Figures 8 and 9.

In other words, on a plane, the blocks B lying in the same position are aligned vertically and horizontally with the "back ends" d and "faces" a of the front and rear blocks, and the "joint ends" b and "joint ends" b of the adjacent blocks touching. A group of rectangular blocks is made, and on top of this, a group of similar blocks is stacked in several stages in the opposite direction so that the "backs" b of the upper and lower blocks meet each other to form a transport unit group, and this transport unit is Using a four-sided gripping device, the vertical surface of the outermost "joint end" of each row, which is in contact with the "joint end" b of the bottom block group, is pinched from left and right, respectively, and the bottom block group is Each of the outermost "faces" a and each of the outermost "faces" a of the block group above it are held from the front and back so that they do not collapse, and the blocks are grabbed and moved. It is a transportation method.

Now, the gripping device 10 is shown in FIGS. 5 to 7, and its main parts are a machine frame 11, a clamp mechanism 12,
This is a holding mechanism 13. The machine frame 11 is the above-mentioned clamp,
Both the holding mechanisms 12 and 13 are attached, and the lifting column 2 shown in Fig. 3 is installed.
2. It can be raised and lowered about the lower end. Clamp mechanism 1
2 is the transportation unit group of the block, that is, the transport unit group in Figures 8 and 9.
Left and right sides of 60 double stacked block groups (top and bottom in Figure 8)
It clamps all of the "mating ends" b of the lower block _B1 exposed on the side, and as shown in FIG. 7, in this case, it is a symmetrical clamp. That is, machine frame 1
Four vertical arms 15 are pivotally supported on brackets 14 that protrude left and right from the machine frame 1, and a fluid pressure cylinder 16 on the machine frame 11 moves the rubber surface of the clamping part 17 to each lower block.
Press it to the "joint end" b of B ₁ . The lower part of the "mating end" b of the upper block _B2 is also clamped at the same time. Figure 8 shows a state (plan view) in which the block group is clamped by the clamp mechanisms 12 on both sides.
Since five pieces b are pinched together, there is a risk that each "joint end" b may move out of alignment or collapse. The holding mechanisms 13 and 13a prevent this.

The front and rear holding mechanisms 13 have holding members 13a and 1 that correspond to all exposed "surfaces" on the front and rear surfaces of the block group.
3b, and the "surfaces" a are lightly pressed or simply pressed against each other to prevent each "joint end" b from disturbing the alignment. The fluid pressure cylinder 18 for the holding material 13a shown in FIG.
for pressurizing a, or rather, the gripping device 1
0 onto the block group, the holding material 13a
It is for opening. The same applies to the fluid pressure cylinder 18a (FIG. 6) that pushes and pulls the holding member 13b.

The clamping part 17 of the clamping mechanism 12 in this embodiment is a pressure plate with rubber 17a that is longer than the long side of the rectangular block group.
A and 13b each serve as four hanging members to suppress the boundary between the five lined-up block "faces" a. This allows each holding member 13a, 13b to enter between the "retainers" of blocks in adjacent groups when arranging blocks in series or picking them up one after another.

Note that the 8th block group is lined up seamlessly.
The left and right direction in Figure 9, that is, the "planes" of blocks B ₁ and B ₂
In the direction in which "a" extends, and in the direction in which "joint end" (b) extends, both sides are passages or mutual gaps between the groups. Therefore, there is no problem in the opening/closing operation of the clamp mechanism 12.

The reason that the holding material 13b that holds down the "surface" a of the block group is shorter than 13a is that if it were made longer, the blocks would
Since the sloping part that suppresses the slanted "surface a" of B ₂ is long, the opening and closing distance when grasping and releasing is large.
This is because it can be used for adjacent blocks.

The use of this device is an example of the method of this invention. It is usually used for transporting blocks between the mass production factory and the yard. After the blocks have been formed and cured, they undergo the necessary post-processing and are sent one after another to a place where they are assembled into transportation units. Now, lay the blocks in the same direction on a flat surface, align them closely vertically and horizontally, and stack them on top of that in the same way in the opposite direction. In this embodiment, the transportation unit group is stacked in two layers, but the transportation unit group may be stacked in three or four layers. However, the higher the pile, the higher the transport efficiency. Appropriate selection should be made taking into consideration the time required for stacking, the level of difficulty, and the time required for transport. When stacking in three tiers, use the holding materials 13a, 1
There is no problem just extending 3b downward. When stacked in four tiers, they form a shape as shown by the chain lines in Figure 9, and the holding material 13 holds down all of the "faces" a of the blocks in each tier.
A and 13b require some ingenuity. Especially the holding material 13
For b, the structure must be such that it can be inserted deeply into the "back" gap between adjacent blocks, but it is not a difficult design.

The manner in which the blocks are assembled into the conveying units unique to this invention is within the skill of the artisan. One method is to lay out the lower blocks _B1 in the desired shape and then place the upper blocks one after another.Alternatively, five lower blocks _B1 on the right side of Figure 9 are lined up horizontally in a row, and five blocks _B2 are placed on top of them. There are various methods such as stacking individual blocks side by side, and stacking two blocks in a single row side by side one after another to form a transportation unit group. It is also desirable to devise appropriate tools and equipment for this purpose.

Once the block transportation unit group is formed in this way, the gantry crane 20 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 is moved and the gripping device 10 is lowered. Clamping mechanism 1 of gripping device 10
2. The holding mechanism 13 covers the block group in an open state and is stopped at an appropriate position by the operator's eyes or a detection device. Then, the hydraulic cylinders 16, 18, 18a of the clamp mechanism 12 and the holding mechanism 13 are operated all at once. This eliminates gaps and misalignment between the blocks, and the blocks can be gripped securely as shown in FIGS. 5-7. The clamping pressure of the clamping mechanism 12 is such that it can be safely grasped by the frictional force between the "joining ends" b, and the holding mechanism 13 sufficiently prevents the alignment of the "joining ends" b from bending and collapsing due to this. ing.

There, the hoisting machine 25 of the gantry crane 20 raises the gripping device 10, transports it to the yard, lowers a new group next to or directly above the group of block transport units previously stacked in the yard, and lowers each block transport unit into each hydraulic cylinder. 16,
18 and 18a are restored. It should be noted that the blocks are transported from the place where the blocks are formed on the factory side to the yard entrance using a simple transfer mechanism equipped with a gripping device 10, and the blocks that are lowered to the yard entrance are transported using a gate-type crane 20 dedicated to the yard as shown in Figs. 3 and 4. You can do it like this.

The above explanation has been based on one embodiment, but as mentioned in part during the explanation, this invention can be varied in various ways without changing the gist of the invention through the cooperation of on-site engineers and designers according to the implementation conditions. It is natural that applications will be made.

This invention paved the way for the modernization of the previously neglected work of transporting the mass-produced blocks from factories to yards and arranging them. Instead of arranging blocks in a line and picking them up as in the past, we have demonstrated that a group of blocks arranged in multiple rows and stacked in multiple tiers can be used as one transportation unit, and that it can be picked up simply by pinching the blocks from all four sides.

Although the block has a special shape, if the ``joining ends'' of all the blocks in the transportation unit group are aligned in the same direction, all the blocks can be moved by pinching the ``joining ends'' located on both outer sides. By controlling the movement of each "plane" with a holding mechanism that prevents the blocks from bending and collapsing due to the clamping pressure, we were able to successfully pick up a large number of blocks at once, which was previously unimaginable. It is. In addition, the gripping mechanism can be shaped so that the holding material on the side of the adjacent block group can be inserted between the "backs" of the adjacent blocks, so when arranging them in the yard, they can be lined up without any gaps, or It can be taken out.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

1 and 2 are explanatory views of the prior art, 3 and 4 are overall elevational views and side views of one embodiment of the present invention, and 5,
6 and 7 are an elevational view, a partial plan view, and a side view of an embodiment of the gripping device, and FIGS. 8 and 9 are a plan view and an elevational view of an embodiment of a transporting unit group of blocks. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11... Grasping device machine frame, 12... Clamp mechanism, 13... Holding mechanism, 20... Moving mechanism (gate type crane).

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A machine block placed in the same position on a plane is placed vertically and horizontally by touching the "butt ends" and "faces" of the front and rear blocks, and the "joint ends" of the adjacent blocks. Create a group of aligned rectangular blocks, place a similar group of blocks in the opposite direction on top of this, and place them so that the "backs" of the upper and lower blocks meet, and if necessary, add more blocks in the same way. They are stacked in several tiers to form a transportation unit group, and this transportation unit group is gripped by a four-sided gripping device, and the vertical plane of the outermost "joint end" of each row that touches the "joint end" and "joint end" of the bottom block group is Press from the left and right sides, and at least hold the outermost surfaces of the lowermost block group and the outermost surfaces of the upper block group so that they do not collapse from the front and back. A method of transporting machi block, which is characterized by picking it up and moving it. 2 Rectangular blocks are made by aligning the blocks lying in the same position on a plane, vertically and horizontally, with the "butt ends" and "faces" of the front and rear blocks touching, and the "joint ends" and "joint ends" of the adjacent blocks touching. This is a gripping and moving device for a group of multi-level blocks, in which a group of similar blocks is stacked in opposite directions so that the "backs" of the upper and lower blocks meet each other, Left and right clamp mechanisms that clamp all of the exposed "mating ends" of the lowermost block, front and rear holding mechanisms that have retainers that touch all of the exposed "faces" on the front and rear surfaces of the block group, and the above-mentioned clamp mechanism and holding mechanism. 1. A gripping and moving device for a mechanical block, comprising: a gripping device frame having a frame attached thereto, and a moving mechanism thereof;