JPH01174314A - Buoy - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a buoy having excellent properties to prevent marine organisms, algae and shellfishes from attaching themselves and also preventing losses by flow away or damages of cultivation materials by tidal currents or surges, by laying up many napped textiles on the surface of a solid body having floating characteristics to water. CONSTITUTION:On the surface of a solid body having floating characteristics to water such as fresh water, brackish water or sea water, napped textiles comprising polyethylene terephthalate (copolymer), nylon 6, etc., are laid up by an electric planting, card clothing, sand paper, etc., to afford the aimed economically excellent buoy.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a buoy that is excellent in preventing adhesion of objects in contact with water, particularly algae and shellfish.

[Conventional technology]

Marine development has been rapidly accelerating in recent years. For example, the dependence on fish and shellfish production is undergoing a major shift from fishing to aquaculture and cultivation methods. As these projects have expanded, many problems have been identified. For example, a large amount of seaweed or shellfish may adhere to and accumulate on the surface of a buoy used to secure nets or fish reefs in place for aquaculture and cultivation fishing, causing them to sink, be washed away by waves, and tidal current resistance, or be damaged. Furthermore, in order to solve this problem, it was necessary to remove the deposits on the buoy surface. Conventionally, to solve this problem, highly toxic biofouling inhibitors called "marine herbicides"9, such as organotins and zinc, have been used.

The main countermeasure was to apply chemicals containing cadmium, mercury, etc. to the buoys.

[Problems to be solved by the present invention]

However, with such drug-based measures.

This has led to the occurrence of deformed fish, the accumulation of chemicals inside fish and shellfish, which has an adverse effect on the human body, and has even caused the rock-scorching phenomenon in the surrounding sea areas, inhibiting the normal reproduction of algae and shellfish.

Conventionally, algae was applied to the surface of the substrate in this way.

At present, only agents for preventing adhesion of shellfish have been studied, and the substrate itself has not been studied at all, and the above-mentioned problems have remained unsolved for a long time.

In view of these problems, the inventors of the present invention
As proposed in No. 07434, we have provided a technology that has revolutionary algae-proofing and protective effects without using any of the above-mentioned biofouling inhibitors. However, depending on the use of buoys and the like, it is necessary to make further improvements from the viewpoint of durability due to unexpected tidal currents and wave resistance in natural seas.

In view of such problems, the object of the present invention is to treat algae.

The objective is to provide a buoy that prevents shellfish from adhering to it and is virtually free from problems such as secondary pollution.

[Means for solving problems]

The present inventors have finally arrived at the present invention as a result of intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems.

That is, the buoy of the present invention is characterized by having a large number of fiber naps attached to the surface of a solid substance having water-floating properties.

[Effect]

Below, two buoys of the present invention will be explained in detail.

In the present invention, solid objects with water floating properties refer to solid objects that have the property of floating in freshwater, brackish water, and seawater, and fisheries and other fisheries are mainly used to make use of this floating property in water or on the surface of water. It refers to a substantially solid material that is widely used as a material in various fields such as offshore transportation and leisure. Such materials include marker buoys used for fish and shellfish farming, fixed nets, floating fish reefs, etc., buoys for floating nets, or buoys for fixing positions, as well as ship route markers and markers indicating boundaries at beaches. etc. are generally well known, but are not particularly limited. Furthermore, the shape of the buoy may be appropriately selected depending on the intended use. An important point is the nap form of the fibers covering the surface of these buoys.

It is said that algae and shellfish have difficulty adhering to relatively soft objects, smooth objects with few surface irregularities, or objects that are easily shaken. The inventors.

In the process of examining the buoy surface and the adhesion status of algae and shellfish spores to determine how to artificially create a buoy with such properties, we decided to cover the buoy surface with fiber naps to prevent conventional biofouling. It has been discovered that a revolutionary effect can be obtained without coating or incorporating a reagent with preventive properties.

That is, it is important to make the surface of the buoy have the above-mentioned structure that makes it difficult for it to stick. First, the hardness and softness of the buoy surface depends on the fiber denier and the material, and the ability to transmit the rocking motion caused by currents and waves depends on the nap length and denier of the fibers, and the hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the material. How to make the surface condition so that the spores or zoospores released by algae and shellfish are difficult to adhere to, or to make it difficult for them to take root and drop off even if they do adhere, is determined by combining the above properties on the buoy surface. The important point is how to make it.

In the buoy of the present invention, the materials constituting the nap of the fibers include polyethylene terephthalate and its copolymer,
Polyesters such as polybutylene terephthalate and its copolymers, polyamides such as nylon 6°11.12.66.610 and their copolymers, acrylic polymers, polyurethanes, low density, medium density , high-density polyethylene and copolymers thereof, polypropylene and copolymers thereof, polystyrene and copolymers thereof, polyvinyl alcohol, rayon, and natural fibers. These fibers can be used alone, mixed, or composited. Furthermore, natural leather with raised naps can also be used.

The cross-sectional shape of the fibers is not particularly limited.

All shapes such as circular, deformed, hollow, core-sheath type, etc. can be used.

In the buoy of the present invention, the fiber denier constituting the large number of raised fibers may be in the fine denier direction underwater, but on the water surface there is unexpected resistance due to waves, and even large denier fibers can swing sufficiently and the fiber denier may be in a fine denier direction underwater. Judging from the durability, it is also preferable that the fiber be thick to some extent, and therefore, the fiber denier is preferably 5 denier or less, taking into consideration comprehensively the durability of the nap, the swingability of the nap, etc.

The shape of the raised pils is that, as described above, single fibers of 5 deniers or less are densely packed, or the root is a bundle of single fibers of 5 denier or less as described above, and the single fibers are raised toward the tip. or a so-called brush-like form in which the root is a single fiber of large denier and the tip is a dense pile of raised fibers divided into single fibers of 5 denier or less as described above, or a combination of these. Examples include, but are not particularly limited to, the piloerection form according to the above.

The fibers constituting the nap may have crimps.

Because of these crimps, seawater easily enters between the napped fibers, and the water retention property is significantly improved, giving a constant slippery feel to the buoy surface and making it sensitive to rocking motion caused by currents and waves. This is preferable since it is possible to exhibit the effect that spores of algae, shellfish, etc. are difficult to adhere to, and even if they do adhere, they can easily fall off.

Such crimp forms include two-dimensional crimp, three-dimensional crimp, etc., but are not particularly limited. Generally, crimping can be used, such as mechanical crimping with a crimper or mechanical crimping with a crimper.

The fibers constituting these naps can be easily produced by a single-component melt-spinning method or a composite melt-spinning method. In the case of composite fibers, they can be used by dissolving and removing the components or physically and mechanically peeling them into two parts. Which fiber to use may be appropriately selected in consideration of the usage conditions and location of the buoy.

Even if the surface of the buoy is coated with fiber naps, it is effective to prevent the adhesion of algae and shellfish, but in order to bring out the effects of the present invention even more, it is preferable to increase the length of the naps. The hair length can be adjusted taking into account economic efficiency, workability, place of use, purpose, etc., but as a guide, the hair length is 0.5.
tm or more, more preferably 2 dragons or more. If the erect hair length is less than 0°5 fins, the erect hairs will not be able to receive sufficient rocking action due to currents and wave resistance, making it easy for algae and shellfish spores to adhere, which is undesirable. The longer the hair length,
In addition, the finer the fiber denier, the better the anti-algae and protective effects, but there is an upper limit to the nap length.

It can be said that a length of about 45 m is practical in terms of piloerection formation technology. Therefore, the combination of the denier of the fibers that form the nap and the nap length is based on the balance between durability, economy, workability, algae prevention, and protective properties.The thicker the denier, the longer the nap. .

If the denier is fine, it is best to adjust the length of the pilaster to make it shorter (in addition, in the case of brush-like pilasters as mentioned above, the pilaster length is the length from the divided point to the tip of 0). .5 cranes or more is sufficient.

The nap density of the fibers covering the buoy surface is the fiber denier,
It is difficult to make general statements because it varies depending on the nap length or number of crimps, but if the fiber denier is thick, the nap length should be made longer and the nap density coarser, whereas if the fiber denier is thin, the nap length should be shortened. It is economically preferable to adjust the napped density to make it denser.

The fibers covering the buoy surface may be colored. In other words, the growth of algae is largely determined by photosynthesis, but the germination of algae spores and the elongation of germinated bodies are determined by the amount of light.

It also depends on the quality of the light, with bright red light and long wavelength light at shallow depths, and darkening as you get deeper.

Only the green, blue, and purple parts change, and the original species of algae that live there also differ. Therefore, it actively attaches algae.

In order to grow, it is necessary to have a color tone in a wavelength range suitable for photosynthesis, but from the purpose of the present invention, on the contrary, a color tone that makes it difficult to attach and grow will further enhance the effects of the present invention. From this point of view, the final color tone of the raised fluff and the color tone of the buoy differ depending on the depth at which the buoy is used.

It is important to select an appropriate coloring that makes it difficult for the algae to absorb light in the wavelength range suitable for photosynthesis, depending on the species of algae growing epiphytically in the sea area.

The fibers that cover the surface of the buoy are made by coating or kneading a substance that has an appropriate biofouling prevention effect, or by incorporating a substance encapsulated in microparticles such as microcapsules into a polymer. It is also desirable to use such special fibers in order to more strongly exhibit the effects of the present invention.

Methods for attaching a large number of raised fibers to the surface of the buoy include 9, for example, a method of flocking by electroplating, a method of sewing a double pile woven fabric, a raised fabric of needle cloth, sandpaper, etc., or a method of attaching these fabrics with adhesive. Examples include a method of attaching the material with a rubber band, but the method is not particularly limited. Further, the part to which the raised naps are provided may be the entire surface or only one part, and may be appropriately selected depending on the purpose of use, location, etc.

〔Example〕

The present invention will be explained in detail below using Examples.

The present invention is not restricted or limited by these examples. Rather, it brings about first-order applied development.

Example 1 A 75 denier (D)-48 filament (f) of polyethylene terephthalate was used as the ground warp yarn forming the base material.
100D-2 of polyethylene terephthalate for the ground weft
Using a 4f yarn, a 75D-18f polyethylene terephthalate yarn with a single yarn denier of 4.2d was used as the pile yarn to connect the upper and lower two layers of fabric, and the pile length was made to be 111 stitches on a double velvet loom. It was woven into The weaving density of the ground texture of this fabric is 90 threads/inch in the vertical direction and 1 in the horizontal direction.
05 pieces/in. Next, desizing and scouring and drying were performed according to commonly used fabric processing methods. The obtained fabric had a weave density of 96 pieces/1n in the vertical direction.

The pile length was 10 cranes with 113 pieces per inch.

This fabric was cut and placed on the surface of a wooden cylindrical buoy with a length of 5Qcm and a diameter of 15cm so that the pile was on the surface.
Each side of the fabric was sewn. Attach a nylon rope to this buoy so that it is about half submerged below the sea surface.
It was attached to the main rope of an anchor and set up so that it floated on the sea surface.

The results of evaluating the adhesion of algae and shellfish to the buoy surface after being dropped into the sea are shown in Table 1.

Example 2 A 75D-48f polyethylene terephthalate yarn was used as the ground warp yarn forming the base fabric, a 100D-24f polyethylene terephthalate yarn was used as the ground weft yarn, and the pile yarn connecting the upper and lower two layers of fabric had a single yarn denier of 0. Using 60D-144f yarn of polyethylene terephthalate consisting of 42 d, the pile length was 5.51 on a double velvet loom.
It was woven to a length of m. The weaving density of the ground structure of this fabric was 93 threads/in in the vertical direction and 110 threads/in in the horizontal direction. Next, desizing and scouring and drying were performed according to a general textile processing method. The obtained woven fabric has a weaving density of 99 strands per vertical direction.
1n, 118 piles/in horizontally, and a pile length of about 5.0 cranes. This fabric was cut and placed on a buoy with the same dimensions as in Example 1 with the pile facing up, and each side of the fabric was sewn. A nylon rope was attached to this buoy, and the buoy was attached to the same main rope as in Example 1, with about half of the buoy submerged below the sea surface.

It was set up to float on the sea surface. What are the results of evaluating the adhesion of algae and shellfish to the surface of the buoy after it is dropped into the sea?

As described in Table 1.

Example 3 A 75D-48f polyethylene terephthalate yarn was used for the ground warp yarn forming the base fabric, a 100D-24f polyethylene terephthalate yarn was used for the ground weft yarn, and a sea-island polymer was used for the pile yarn connecting the upper and lower two tiers of fabric. Mutual array fiber (island component is polyethylene terephthalate, sea component is polystyrene.

Using a 75D-36f yarn consisting of island component/sea component = 80/20% by weight, number of islands = 16, island fineness = 0.1d), the pile length was made to 1.2 cranes on a double bell bent loom. I wove it to look like this. The weaving density of the ground structure of this fabric was 93 threads/+n in the ground vertical direction and 107 threads/+n in the ground horizontal direction. Next, it was set to dry heat, and further immersed in trichlorethylene and squeezed with a mangle to elute and remove the polystyrene of the sea component.

Dry. The obtained woven fabric was coated with ultrafine fibers having a pile length of about 1.0 mm and had a weaving density of 99 fibers/in in the vertical direction and 115 fibers/in in the horizontal direction. This fabric was cut and sewn onto a buoy of the same size as in Example 1 with the pile facing up on each side of the fabric.

A nylon rope was attached to this buoy so that about half of the buoy was submerged below the sea surface, and it was attached to the same trunk rope as in Example 1 and set up so that it floated on the sea surface.

The results of evaluating the adhesion of algae and shellfish to the buoy surface after being dropped into the sea are shown in Table 1.

Example 4 A 75D-48f polyethylene terephthalate yarn was used for the ground warp yarn forming the base fabric, a 100D-24f polyethylene terephthalate yarn was used for the ground weft yarn, and an island component/sea component was used in the pile yarn connecting the upper and lower two tiers of fabric. -Polyethylene terephthalate/polystyrene, island/sea component ratio -80/
20% by weight.

Number of Shimamotos - 16 polymeric inter-aligned fibers and island component/sea component - copolymerized polyethylene terephthalate/polystyrene, island/sea component - 80/20% by weight.

Shimamoto number - 16 polymer mutually arranged type fibers is 5015
Using 81D-18f yarn mixed in the spinning process to 0% by weight, the pile length was 12.5 on a double Helbesoto loom.
It was woven so that it became ms. The weaving density of the ground structure of this fabric was 90 threads/in in the vertical direction and 105 threads/in in the horizontal direction. Next, it was treated with dry heat at 180°C for 5 minutes, and then
It was immersed in trichlorethylene and squeezed with a mangle to elute and remove the sea component polystyrene, and then dried. The obtained fabric is coated with ultra-fine fibers with a fiber denier of about 0.23 d and has a pile length of 10 mm and a fine crimp, and has a weaving density of 99 pieces/inch in the vertical direction and 115 pieces/inch in the horizontal direction.
It was from n. This fabric was cut and sewn onto a buoy of the same size as in Example 1 with the pile facing up on each side of the fabric. A nylon rope was attached to this buoy so that about half of the buoy was submerged below the sea surface, and it was attached to the same trunk rope as in Example 1 and set up so that it floated on the sea surface.

The results of evaluating the adhesion of algae and shellfish to the buoy surface after being dropped into the sea are shown in Table 1.

Comparative Example A nylon rope was attached to a commercially available polyethylene buoy (diameter 25C+n) so that the buoy was submerged about half below the sea surface, and then attached to the same trunk rope as in Example 1 so that it floated on the sea surface. installed.

Table 1 shows the results of evaluating the adhesion of algae and shellfish to the buoy surface after being dropped into the sea.

As can be seen from these results, commercially available plastic buoys without fiber napping can be dropped into the sea for only one time.
Young shellfish such as barnacles and oysters are attached to the shells during the period, and over a long period of time even more sea lettuce grows.

Seaweeds such as habanori and miru have been attached. In contrast, the buoy according to the present invention had excellent algae-proofing and protective properties not only in the part above the sea surface but also in the part below the sea surface, despite being dropped into the sea for a long period of time. .

Table 1 〔Evaluation criteria〕 ◎ mark: No adhesion of algae or shellfish was observed.

0 mark: It was recognized that it was extremely poor.

△ mark: A small amount of was observed.

×: Frequency of algae and adhesion of shellfish were observed.

A very large number of XX marks were observed.

〔Effect of the invention〕

(1) The buoy according to the present invention as described above exhibits excellent algae-proofing and protective effects. According to the present invention, in addition to such effects, specific effects as listed below can be obtained.

(2) There is no need to peel off algae and shellfish adhering to the buoy surface, and it can be used for a long period of time, making it extremely economical.

(3) It is possible to effectively prevent a fishing net or a base rope for cultivating fish and shellfish from settling over a long period of time while being dropped into the sea.

(4) It is possible to prevent buoys or aquaculture materials from being washed away or damaged due to resistance from currents and waves.

(5) When used as a buoy for marking a ship's route, etc., it is possible to prevent the buoy from sinking, being washed away, or being damaged, and it can be very easily identified.

Claims (1)

[Claims] (1) A buoy characterized by having a large number of fiber naps attached to the surface of a solid substance that has water floating properties.