JPH022306A - Netty attaching base material for marine organisms - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain the subject base material suitable for the attachment and growth of the spores and zoospores of seaweeds, the suspended spawns and larvae of fishes and shellfishes by parallel knitting net strands and bundled strands followed by cutting the bundled strands at knots to effect opening. CONSTITUTION:Twisted yarns 1B are further twisted into a strand 1A, and pref. two to four of said strands 1A are mutually twisted into a net strand 1. (1) these strands 1 and (2) bundled strands 2 prepared by collecting, in a twistless state, bundling yarns 2A of high rigidity capable of knitting into net, are mutually paralleled and knitted at desired mesh and mesh size into a netty product 3, and only the bundled strands 2 at knots 3A are cut using, e.g., a cutter or scissor to open 5 the yarns at the ends, thus obtaining the objective base material 6.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] (a) Industrial application field The present invention actively attaches marine organisms, particularly spores and zoospores of diatoms and seaweeds, or floating eggs and larvae of fish and shellfish. In addition, it is used as a net-like attachment substrate for growth, and more specifically, it is used for collecting natural seedlings, creating shaded areas, or directly attaching and growing on fixed nets and aquaculture nets to prevent various harmful effects caused by growth. The present invention relates to a particularly suitable net-like substrate for the attachment of marine organisms to ropes and the like for preventing the attachment of marine organisms.

(b) Conventional technology In addition to artificially collecting seedlings of oysters, molluscs, pearl oysters, scallops, abalone, and seaweed, floating larvae and zoospores that have hatched in the natural ocean are used to produce heel seedlings for aquaculture using a seedling device. This is done by fixing or hanging natural materials such as bamboo, reeds, etc. vertically, or by using net-like materials made of synthetic fibers. 1. Floating larvae, zoospores, etc. are collected by adhering to them using a mahibi.Although cracks made of natural materials have relatively good adhesion, due to their shape and performance constraints, they are usually collected while standing in the sea. Since they have to be fixed or hung, the amount of attached seedlings is extremely small, and synthetic fiber nets can be spread horizontally on the sea surface, making it possible to collect seedlings under favorable seedling conditions. However, no special technical consideration has been given to attaching floating infants etc., and the effect is not particularly large compared to cracks in natural materials.

In addition, in order to promote the expansion of aquaculture fisheries in the future, it is essential to actively create aquaculture sites in the ocean, so-called seaweed bed creation or underwater afforestation. Although such studies have been carried out, creating seaweed beds or underwater afforestation in vast areas of the ocean for fish reefs and floating fish reefs would require enormous costs and would not be economically viable; It has been proposed that diatoms, seaweeds, shellfish, etc., be attached to and grow on the net, forming a seaweed bed or afforestation by laying it on the net or spreading it appropriately in the sea. There is no particular function that allows marine organisms such as diatoms, seaweeds, and shellfish to adhere and grow sufficiently, so inorganic substances are mixed in to increase the adhesion of marine organisms.
Alternatively, attempts have been made to mix fertilizers to promote growth, but none of these have been satisfactory in terms of adhesion and growth.
It has not yet been put into practical use.

Furthermore, since fixed nets and Tfi type nets are used in the sea for long periods of time, a large amount of marine organisms such as diatoms, seaweeds, and shellfish become attached to them over the course of use, resulting in an increase in tidal wave resistance in fixed nets. This can lead to the inability to catch fish due to the occurrence of blowing phenomena and a decrease in the threat-inducing effect, etc. In addition, in aquaculture nets, poor water passage can lead to disease outbreaks and mortality. Although it was attempted to prevent the adhesion and growth of algaecides and antifouling agents diluted with organic solvents to prevent the adhesion and growth of algae-killing ingredients diluted with organic solvents, net fabrics were impregnated with anti-algae and anti-fouling agents. From becoming,
In aquaculture fisheries, their use has been completely prohibited, and in equipment fisheries, their use is gradually being prohibited or voluntarily refrained from being used. Therefore, in set-net fisheries and aquaculture fisheries, the marine organisms that attach and grow are frequently removed. The actual situation is that it has to be removed by drying or washing, which again requires a huge amount of labor and expense.

(c) Problems to be Solved by the Invention The present invention was made in view of the above circumstances, and it is intended to solve the problems of so-called marine organisms such as spores and fumespores of diatoms and seaweeds, or floating eggs and larvae of fish and shellfish. Focusing on the fact that it exhibits active adhesion behavior to intervening adhering objects by sensing running water stimulation during floating activities, it maintains the required strength and spreads appropriately over the desired area. Moreover, it provides running water stimulation to spores and zoospores of diatoms and seaweeds floating in the sea, or floating eggs and larvae of fish and shellfish, and maintains the implantation function as an attachment base, thereby actively The object of the present invention is to provide a net-like adhesion substrate for marine organisms, which can promote the adhesion and growth of marine organisms.

(d) Means for solving the problem The technical means adopted by the present invention to achieve the above-mentioned technical problem is to use appropriate fiber materials such as natural fibers or synthetic fibers to achieve the required strength and diameter. A desired net [11 The 114-shape can be knitted with knots in the mesh of the wire, or knitted with knots in the desired mesh and in the desired mesh by twisting and knitting the silk threads and the bundled yarns, and can be freely expanded to the required area with usability. In addition to cutting the bundled threads at appropriate positions between the knots or intersections,
It exists in a net-like attachment substrate for marine organisms, which has a structure in which the bundled threads are entangled and held at knots or intersections, and their edges are spread out.

(F) Operation The present invention having the above-mentioned configuration operates as follows. That is, using appropriate fiber materials such as natural fibers and synthetic fibers, silk threads with the required diameter and strongly twisted, and the required diameter,
Using a convergence system in which the required number of strongly twisted yarns are gathered together, these are arranged together to form knotted knitting, or twisted and knitted together to form knotless knitting to form a net-like material. Moreover, as a result of the focusing system being cut at appropriate positions between knots or crossings, the mechanical properties of the net are determined exclusively by the properties of the mesh threads, and the focusing threads are cut between knots or crossings. Since the yarns are intertwined and knitted at each knot, the cut bundled yarns are held entangled at each node or intersection, and the cut edges of the yarns are held together by the repulsive force of each yarn due to the convergence of the bundled system. It takes on a splayed shape due to the action of

The product of the present invention can be made into a net-like material, which can be enlarged by suitable joining means, and can be freely deformed to be spread out or laid down. Alternatively, in the case of contact flow, in addition to the overall network structure, each node or intersection has a convergence system with spread-out edges entangled and maintained, resulting in a complex turbulent flow. Moreover, the spread-like bundled threads also physically attach marine organisms floating in seawater.

(F) Example The embodiment of the present invention will be explained in more detail based on the drawings below. is a partially enlarged explanatory diagram of a nodular reticulum.
FIG. 5 is a partially enlarged explanatory diagram of a knotless reticulated material, and FIG. 6 is a detailed explanatory diagram of the present invention using a knotted reticulated material,
The structure of the mesh yarn (1) is somewhat different between knotted knitting and knotless knitting due to the constraints of the knitting principle of the knitting machine, and when knitting with knots, it is twisted to the required diameter. The strand (1A) is formed by further twisting 2 to 4 pieces of wood together, and the strand (1A) is made by twisting the strand (1A) strongly in advance to the required diameter using the required fiber material. It is formed by twisting the required number of yarns (1B). On the other hand, the silk thread (1) during knotless knitting is
-3 It is knitted by twisting and knitting the wood, and this twisting maintains the balance of the mutually added twists of the silk thread (1), so we purposely use the mesh thread (1) during knotted knitting. There is no need to maintain the twist balance by twisting, so the required number of yarns (1B) can be twisted and used as is in the so-called strand (1A).

This silk thread (1) is then aligned and knitted with knots.
Alternatively, the bundled yarn (2), which is knitted by twisting the silk yarn (1) and knitted without knots, naturally has sufficient knitting properties for knotted knitting or knotless knitting, and after knitting into a net-like object. The mesh is cut and the cut edges are spread out to create complex turbulence in the seawater flowing across or in contact with the net, and also to attract relatively large marine organisms floating in the seawater. For this reason, the configuration of the bundled yarn (2) is preferably such that a relatively rigid fiber material is used, and the bundled yarn (2A) is made by twisting it into as fine a diameter as possible. When a large number of yarns (2A) are cut, their edges are dissociated by reaction, and they are held in a spread state by converging in a substantially untwisted state or by heating the surface to form a condensed yarn. It is desirable to form (2).

By aligning the silk thread (1) and the bundled thread (2),
Knotted net-like material (3) is formed by knitting knotted meshes in the required mesh, and usually knotted net-like material (
3) is knitted by aligning one silk thread (1) with one bundled thread (2). In addition, the knotless net-like material (4) is formed by twisting and knitting two to three silk threads (1) or bundled threads (2) during knitting, but in the present invention, after knitting, the bundled threads (2) is cut, and the cut bundled yarns (2) are entangled and held at each intersection (4A), and it is desirable to sufficiently increase the degree of entanglement.
A twisted knitting configuration using one book and one bundled yarn is suitable.

Therefore, the knotted net-like material (3) knitted with knots or the knotted net-like material (4) knitted without knots with the required rope width or mesh alignment are arranged between their knotted portions (3A) or at intersections, respectively. The bundled thread (2) is cut at an appropriate position between the parts (4A). In this case, in the knotted reticulum (3),
The bundled thread (2) is knitted by being aligned with the silk thread (1),
In addition, in the knotless net material (4), twisted silk thread (1
) and the bundled threads (2) are cut using a cutter, scissors, hot melting, or other means to form a bundled thread (2) at the cut edge. Each of the focusing yarns (2A) is dissociated by rebound, and in the knotted network (3), each knot (3A) is entangled and held, and in the knotless network (4), each of the intersecting yarns is disentangled. While being entangled and held in part (4A), 1 is dispersed in the mesh.
51 (S) to form the product (6) of the present invention.

The product of the present invention (6) thus formed has an extremely wide range of usability, and can be used, for example, as a knotted mesh material (3).
For natural seedlings, the wire mesh is 30-451,
It is convenient for the diameter of the silk thread (1) to be about 2 to 4-φ, and in this case, the bundled thread (2) is made by gently twisting about 40 to 100 monofilaments with a fineness of about 100 to 1000 deniers. However, it is desirable to have a diameter of about 1 to 2 fiφ.

In addition, when used for creating seaweed beds, the wire mesh is 90 to 15
It is convenient for the silk thread (1) to have a diameter of approximately 6 to 12 mm, and in such a case, the bundled thread (2) also has a diameter of 1 to 12 mm.
The focusing yarn (2A), which is twisted to a diameter of 2 φ and has a relatively large diameter and is thick enough to be sufficiently implanted after attachment, is used for approximately 2
~ About 40 pieces are gently twisted or aligned to make a diameter of 3.
It is desirable to use a material with a diameter of about 6 mm.

Furthermore, when using the product of the present invention as a control net for controlling marine organisms that directly adhere to and grow on the net of a fixed net or aquaculture net, the product of the present invention is placed at a required interval, preferably 3 to 3, The nets are spread out so as to maintain an interval of about 10 m, and the composition of the silk thread (1), bundled thread (2), mesh wire, knitting method, etc. depends on the type of fixed net or aquaculture net to be spread out. Although it is slightly different, in terms of -a, a larger eyelet of about 3 to 5f1'Ii is used compared to the corresponding fixed net and aquaculture net, and about 60 to 30 for fixed nets.
0-mesh mesh wire and mesh thread (1) with a diameter of about 3 to 8-φ are used, and the focusing thread (2) is used for focusing, taking into account the occurrence of marine life in the sea area where it is used. The thickness of the yarn (2A) and the number of yarns to be bundled should be determined appropriately, but usually, synthetic fiber monofilaments with a single yarn fineness of 100 to 1000 deniers are bundled to have approximately the same diameter as the net yarn (1). It is used for forming.

(Experiment example) Polyethylene monofilament 400D x 30F
Vertical 1 using 50-metal square mesh fabric made by IFt.
We prepared 1,112 aquaculture fish cages measuring 0 m, width 10 m, and 5 m deep, and set them up at a distance of 30 m from each other in a water area 20 m deep in Manazuru Town, Ashigarashimo District, Kanagawa Prefecture. Around the outer periphery of the cage, with a distance of 5 m from the edge of the cage net, a 3-mm diameter tape made of polyethylene tape yarn material was placed.
1 mesh thread of Φ and 4 polypropylene multifilaments
20 D/60F x 200 pieces focused, diameter approximately 2.8-
In November 1986, the product of the present invention was created by aligning the bundled yarns of φ and knitting them to form a knotted net-like material, and then cutting the bundled yarns at approximately the middle position of each knot. The marine organisms adhering to and growing on the aquaculture fish cage net and the product of the present invention were measured over the course of 114 days from August 8th to the end of March 1986, and the results are shown in Table 1.

All values indicate the weight of marine organisms attached to the net fabric Lrrf, and the total weight of the net fabric was determined after the net fabric was salvaged from the sea and dried for 2 hours, and the original weight of 14 net fabrics was subtracted. I asked.

From the table above, the product of the present invention provides sufficient running water stimulation to the spores and zoospores of diatoms and seaweeds floating in seawater, as well as the floating eggs and larvae of fish and shellfish, and also There are many clothes,
Therefore, it is understood that by installing it alongside fixed nets and aquaculture nets, it is possible to significantly suppress the direct attachment and growth of marine organisms to the fixed nets and aquaculture nets.

The breakdown of the marine biofouling mentioned above is that up to 94 days, approximately 60-70% of it is coelenterates belonging to the family Kuduridae and the remainder is slime, and by days 119 and 144, only a small amount of thrush and sea lettuce are present. It has been discovered that seaweeds such as

g) Effects of the Invention Since the present invention has the above-described configuration, the following unique effects are exhibited.

In other words, since it is a net-like material that is knitted with knots or knots in the required mesh or wire mesh, it is not only extremely easy to deploy or lay under the sea, but also to be able to be pulled or twisted with silk threads. The knotted net-like material or the knotless net-like material has a bundled yarn whose edges are spread out within the mesh and is entangled and held at the knots or intersections of the knotted net-like material or the knotless net-like material. Seawater that comes into contact with and circulates,
Together with the mesh-like channels, the flow becomes complex and turbulent, providing sufficient flow water stimulation to floating marine organisms mixed in the seawater.
This not only promotes attachment behavior, but also allows relatively large marine organisms to be V-attached to the dispersed bundled threads.
As a substrate for attaching marine organisms, it is a net-like attachment substrate for marine organisms that can be widely used and has extremely excellent characteristics.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figures 1 and 2 are cross-sectional views of the silk thread, Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the focusing system, Figure 4 is a partially enlarged explanatory diagram of the knotted network, and Figure 5 is a partially enlarged view of the knotless network. The explanatory diagram, FIG. 6, is a detailed explanatory diagram of the present invention using a knotted reticular material. Explanation of symbols 1) ... Silk thread IA) ... Strand 1B) ... Yarn 2) ... Bundling thread 2A) ... Bundling yarn 3) ... Knotted net-like material 3A), 4)・ 4A) ・ 5) ・ 6) ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ .

Claims (1)

[Claims] A mesh yarn made of an appropriate fiber material, which has a required diameter and is strongly twisted, and a bundled yarn, which has a required diameter and a required number of strongly twisted binding yarns, are pulled together. After aligning them, they are knitted with knots in the desired mesh, or they are twisted together and knitted without knots in the desired mesh, and the bundled yarns are cut at appropriate positions between the knots or intersections, thereby forming the bundle. A net-like attachment substrate for marine organisms, characterized in that the threads are entangled and held at knots or intersections, and the yarns at the edges are spread out.