JP7658917B2 - 身体機能回復促進剤 - Google Patents
身体機能回復促進剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7658917B2 JP7658917B2 JP2021569757A JP2021569757A JP7658917B2 JP 7658917 B2 JP7658917 B2 JP 7658917B2 JP 2021569757 A JP2021569757 A JP 2021569757A JP 2021569757 A JP2021569757 A JP 2021569757A JP 7658917 B2 JP7658917 B2 JP 7658917B2
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Description
脳梗塞モデル(特許第4481706号)は下記の手法で作成した。7週齢の重症複合免疫不全マウス(SCIDマウス;C.B-17/Icr-scid/IcidJcl)をイソフルラン麻酔により全身麻酔し、左頬骨部よりアプローチして左中大脳動脈に直達できるよう頭蓋底に1.5mm程度の穿孔を行った。嗅索を通過した直後(嗅索交差部の遠位側)の左中大脳動脈を、バイポーラ電気メスを用いて凝固させ、凝固後切断することにより、左中大脳動脈を永久に閉塞し、左中大脳動脈領域の皮質に限局する脳梗塞モデルを作製した。本モデルマウスは、脳梗塞作製から4週間後の慢性期に相当する時期においても神経機能障害が残存していたことから、脳梗塞の後遺症モデルマウスとして用いた。なお、脳梗塞作製後は5匹ずつを1ケージで飼育し、軽度ではあるが互いに常に一定の神経刺激が与えられる状態を維持した。それにより筋肉の廃用性筋萎縮などが予防され、一般的な機能維持リハビリテーション治療を全てのマウスがうけていると考えられる状態で飼育した。
投与細胞の準備は以下の方法で行った。骨髄単核球については、マウス大腿骨及び脛骨より骨髄液を採取し、骨髄細胞懸濁液を比重遠心液であるFICOLL液に重層し、スイングロータ式遠心機を用いて600gで20分間遠心した。比重遠心液層の直上に観察される単核球細胞分画をパイペットで採取した。CD34陽性細胞については、GCSF動員ヒト末梢血をStem express社より購入し、CliniMACS Systemを用いて分離したCD34陽性細胞を用いた。
骨髄単核球細胞については、上記に記した脳梗塞後遺症モデルマウスに、1x105個のマウス由来骨髄単核球細胞を尾静脈より投与した(細胞治療群,6匹)。また、比較例として、PBSを尾静脈より投与した脳梗塞後遺症モデルマウスを用いた(PBS群,6匹)。CD34陽性細胞については、脳梗塞後遺症モデルマウスに、1x104個のヒト末梢血CD34陽性細胞を頸動脈より投与した(細胞治療群,9匹)。比較例としては、脳梗塞後遺症モデルマウスに、PBSを尾静脈より投与した群を用いた(PBS群,8匹)。
脳神経機能試験では、脳梗塞後遺症モデルマウスに骨髄細胞を静脈投与した細胞治療群と、脳梗塞後遺症モデルマウスにPBSを静脈投与したPBS群、更に無処置群 (no surgery群,6匹) を比較した。また、インタラクティブ・バイオ・フィードバック理論を具現化するHAL電子装具は、ヒト用のみが存在し、マウスに装着可能な装具が存在しないため、脳および末梢神経の両者に協調して刺激を与える身体運動を用いた。
脳神経機能試験として受動回避試験 (passive avoidance test)を行った。受動回避試験ではメルクエスト社のTMS-2装置を改良し受動的回避実験装置として使用した。明室と暗室のつながった装置であり、明室寸法及び暗室寸法はともに120(w)×120(D)×135(H)であった。動物が明室から暗室に入った際に電気刺激を与えることにより、暗室への進入とショックの恐怖を関連づけて記憶させる試験(受動的回避試験)に使用する装置である。装置の明室側にマウスを入れ、その10秒後に扉を開け、暗室への移動を可能にし、マウスが暗室に移動後に扉を閉め、10秒後に電気刺激(20mA, 3秒間)を加えた。暗室への侵入と電気刺激による痛みである恐怖を関連づけて記憶させ、動物が嫌悪刺激(電気刺激)に対する記憶を取得させた。24時間後に再び明室に入れ、明室に留まった時間(秒)を確認した。
脳神経機能試験としてワイヤハング試験 (wire hang test) を行った。ワイヤハング試験では、1cm幅の網目を有する30cm×30cmの金網の中心にマウスを乗せた。金網を逆さまにひっくり返して、床敷きを深くしたオープンケージから約40cmの高さに設置した支持台に置いた。マウスが金網から落ちるまでの時間を計測し、落ちずにしがみついたままの場合は180秒を測定値とした。この試験は落下の恐怖に関する刺激を脳に与え、金網へのしがみつき運動と強く関連づけさせることにより、脳および末梢神経の両者に同時に刺激を与えた。
試験1
脳神経機能試験として水迷路試験 (water maze test) を行った。水迷路試験は、円形のプールに水をはり、マウスが避難できる足場を水面下1cm程度の場所に作り、マウスが避難場所に到達するまでの時間 (秒) を測定することで行った。この試験では、溺水に関する刺激を脳に与え、空間認知および水泳運動と強く関連づけさせることにより、脳および末梢神経の両者に同時に刺激を与えた。
脳梗塞後遺症モデルマウスに対する、脳および末梢神経の両者に刺激を与える身体運動の効果の検討を行なった。すなわち、水迷路試験装置を用いて水の入った円形のプールで毎日水迷路試験を行い、脳梗塞により障害された運動機能及び記憶力の向上、すなわち脳および末梢神経の両者に協調した刺激を与える身体運動を2、3、4日目に行なった。
試験1
脳神経機能試験としてロータロッドテスト(回転棒テスト:rotarod test)を採用した。ロータロッドテストは、マウスの協調運動と平衡感覚を測定するためのテストである。装置はMK630A(室町機器株式会社)を用いた。300秒間で4 rpm~40 rpmにロッドの回転が加速するように装置をプログラムして、マウスを装置の回転棒に乗せてから落ちるまでの時間(秒)を記録した。
脳梗塞後遺症における脳および末梢神経の両者に協調した刺激を与える身体運動として、2日目、3日目、4日目に、全ての群においてロータロッドテストに使用する装置を用いて毎日5分間の運動訓練を実施した。すなわち、マウスを回転棒に乗せ、回転棒から落下後も再び回転棒へ戻すことにより、落下の恐怖や嫌悪感を脳に与え、協調運動及び平衡感覚の機能向上と強く関連づけさせることにより、脳および末梢神経に協調した刺激を与える運動を3日間実施した。
Claims (6)
- 脳梗塞の後遺症状態にある被験者の血管内に投与され、中枢神経と末梢神経との間の双方向性フィードバックを促す身体運動の効果を促進する身体機能回復促進のための血管内投与製剤であって、
骨髄単核球細胞を含むことを特徴とする身体機能回復促進のための血管内投与製剤。 - 前記骨髄単核球細胞は、静脈投与されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の血管内投与製剤。
- 前記身体運動は、
前記被験者に対して動力を付与するアクチュエータを有する動作補助装着具と、
前記被験者の生体信号を検出する生体信号センサと、
前記被験者の神経伝達信号及び筋電位信号を、前記生体信号センサにより検出された生体信号から取得する生体信号処理手段と、
前記生体信号処理手段により取得された神経伝達信号及び筋電位信号を用い、前記被験者の意思に従った動力を前記アクチュエータに発生させるための指令信号を生成する随意的制御手段と、
前記随意的制御手段により生成された指令信号に基づいて、前記神経伝達信号に応じた電流及び前記筋電位信号に応じた電流をそれぞれ生成し、前記アクチュエータに供給する駆動電流生成手段と、を備える動作補助装置にて行うことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の血管内投与製剤。 - 前記動作補助装置が前記被験者の運動意図を計測し、実際の運動と理想的運動とのずれを直しながらフィードバック調整するとともに、前記被験者も実際の動作と理想的運動とのずれを感覚し、ずれの変量が最少になるように運動をフィードバック調整することを特徴とする請求項3に記載の血管内投与製剤。
- 前記血管内投与製剤は、前記身体運動の開始時の4週間前から前記身体運動開始時までの期間に前記被験者に投与されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の血管内投与製剤。
- 前記脳梗塞は、ラクナ梗塞、アテローム血栓症脳梗塞、又は、心原性脳塞栓症の何れかであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の血管内投与製剤。
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| EP4098266A1 (en) | 2022-12-07 |
| US20230190816A1 (en) | 2023-06-22 |
| EP4098266A4 (en) | 2023-07-19 |
| WO2021140773A1 (ja) | 2021-07-15 |
| JPWO2021140773A1 (ja) | 2021-07-15 |
| CN115243694A (zh) | 2022-10-25 |
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