JP7644148B2 - 原子層堆積によって改質された活性炭およびその方法 - Google Patents
原子層堆積によって改質された活性炭およびその方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7644148B2 JP7644148B2 JP2022574585A JP2022574585A JP7644148B2 JP 7644148 B2 JP7644148 B2 JP 7644148B2 JP 2022574585 A JP2022574585 A JP 2022574585A JP 2022574585 A JP2022574585 A JP 2022574585A JP 7644148 B2 JP7644148 B2 JP 7644148B2
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Description
本出願は、2020年6月5日に出願された米国特許出願第63/035,224号の利益を主張するものであり、その全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
実施例1は、活性炭粉末上のTiO2のALDを記述し、そしてその性能をTiO2粉末と比較する。活性炭粉末は、NUCHAR(登録商標)RGC(Ingevity South Carolina,LLC、米国サウスカロライナ州ノースチャールストン)であり、また18.3ミクロンのd50を有した。TiO2粉末は、AEROXIDE(登録商標)P25(Evonik、ドイツ、Hanau-Wolfgang)であり、また2.95のd50を有した。ALD装置は、図1と整合して構築された。装置は、真空マニホールドと、コールドトラップ(104)と、真空ポンプ(105)と、弁制御(107、108、109)を有する3本の原料ラインを含む。3本の原料ラインは、反応前駆体:活性炭、TiCl4(塩化チタン(IV)99.9%、Sigma Aldrichから入手)、および酸化剤(水)のためのフラスコ(101、102、および103)に接続された。マニホールドを、マニホールド温度が200℃となるように加熱テープで被覆した。活性炭(2g)をフラスコに装填し、フラスコを真空マニホールドに接続し、そしてTiCl4の堆積および活性部位での部分酸化が制約なく進行するように、活性炭を150℃で2時間の間、約10-3Torrの真空圧で空にして、汚染物質を除去した。例えば、H2Oが表面上に留まった場合、TiCl4は、過剰に酸化/堆積(CVD)される加工性が高く、また表面に固定されない可能性も高いことになる。フラスコは室温まで冷まされ、真空から取り外され、そして秤量されて、重量の減少を記録した。フラスコをマニホールドに取り付け、そして室温で夜通し空にした。TiCl4(5mL)を、真空マニホールドに接続されたバイアルに添加した。バイアル内の蒸気空間を3回空にして、バイアルの内容物を真空パルス間に平衡化させた。TiCl4蒸気(80℃に加熱)を、弁108、109、および110を開放することによって、150℃で活性炭を含有する反応フラスコに導入し、これにより真空は50mTorr未満になった。弁110は5秒後に閉鎖された。2時間後、弁108を閉鎖し、そして弁110をゆっくりと再開放した。反応フラスコを2時間空にした。マニホールドを、空気に開放されるように真空から外した。水を収容するバイアルを60℃に加熱し、そして弁107、109、および110を開放して、湿った空気が反応フラスコ全体に、または反応フラスコを通して流れることを可能にした。2時間後、加熱を除去し、そしてマニホールドを空気に対して夜通し開放したままにした。プロセスをさらに3回繰り返した。
実施例2は、いくつかの活性炭およびグラファイト上のTiO2のALDを記述する。活性炭およびグラファイトはすべて、20×60メッシュの粒子サイズまでスクリーニングされた。活性炭には、NUCHAR(登録商標)(Ingevity South Carolina LLC、米国サウスカロライナ州ノースチャールストン)の化学活性化、木材ベース炭素が含まれた。これらの炭素は、NUCHAR(登録商標)RGC、NUCHAR(登録商標)AquaGuard(AG)、NUCHAR(登録商標)BAX 1500、およびNUCHAR(登録商標)WV-A 1100であった。熱活性化、ココナツベースの炭素(20×50メッシュ、酸洗浄済み、85~90 CTC(Carbon Activated Corp、米国カリフォルニア州コンプトン)、およびグラファイト(SAG20(MTI Corporation、米国カリフォルニア州リッチモンド))も使用した。酸化した試料を用いた試験については、グラファイトおよびRGCは両方とも、70%の硝酸(Sigma-Aldrich)を収容するビーカー内にそれぞれの炭素を定置することによって酸化した。炭素対硝酸の比は1:10であった。酸および炭素を収容するビーカーを80℃に加熱し、次いで3時間攪拌した。次いで、真空濾過を使用して、炭素を酸から除去した。濾過された炭素を、pHが>5になるまで蒸留水を使用して洗浄した。次いで、炭素を110℃のオーブン内に一晩定置した。表2は、これらの炭素の各々に対するBET表面積および細孔体積を示す。炭素をALDに供する前に、炭素をC、O、N、およびP含有量についてXPSによって分析し、そして結果を図10に示し、表3に要約した。図9A~図9Cは、未使用のWV-A1100(図9A)、BAX1500(図9B)、およびグラファイト(図9C)のSEM写真を示す。
TiO2改質炭素試料の触媒活性を試験するために、内部の脱離セットアップおよび技法が開発された。TPDセットアップは、熱重量分析器(PERKIN ELMER TGA 8000)の排気ポートに接続されたGC-MS(SHIMADZU GCMS-QP2010S)を含む。GC-MS内のカラムをバイパスして、TGA生成物のリアルタイム分析のために、質量分析計の中へと直接的に排気ガスを注入した。試料をTGAの中へと装填し、そして2-プロパノールで飽和させた。窒素(g)を、25℃で30分間の間20mL/分で通して、過剰な2-プロパノールを除去し、そして同時に質量分析計で脱離生成物をモニタリングしながら、10℃/分で加熱した。脱離生成物は、それらの特徴的な断片化パターンによって特定された。生成物信号を、その感度係数によって修正した。2-プロパノールからの生成物を定量するために使用した特性質量(m/z)は、45(2-プロパノール)、18(H2O)、および41(プロペン)であった。
Pd堆積が、第1の前駆体ガスとしてヘキサフルオロ-アセチルアセトン酸パラジウムを使用して実施された。試料オーブンを110℃に設定して、試料カラム内に炭素試料を定置し、またラインヒーターを180℃に設定し、そして2時間にわたり空にした。試料オーブンおよびラインヒーターを70℃に冷ました。パラジウムヘキサフルオロ-アセチルアセトナートを試料カラムに添加した。真空圧は、弁909を開放することによって、2分間の間再確立された。この時点で、弁909を閉鎖し、そして前駆体堆積を30分間行わせた。堆積後、弁909を再開放し、そして試料を、以下の温度範囲および時間を使用して空にした:(1)70℃で30分間堆積、(2)70℃で30分間、110℃で30分間、180℃で2時間にわたり空にする。ラインヒーターを180℃に加熱し、また試料オーブンは180℃のままにした。次いで、試料カラムを、弁906および908を開放することによって大気に開放し、500sccmに設定された窒素流を使用して、37%のホルマリン(第2の前駆体ガス)を蒸気発生器を通してポンプ注入した。このホルマリンをシステムを通して1時間の間ポンプ注入した。完了したら、試料を取り出し、そして110℃のオーブン内に一晩定置した。
Pd堆積を、実施例4に記述されるように行った。
Claims (36)
- 600m2/g~2500m2/gのブルナウアー‐エメット‐テラー(BET)表面積及び表面炭素の総数に基づいて1以下の表面酸素対炭素比を有する活性炭吸着材料基材と、その上に堆積した金属含有材料と、を含む構造であって、
前記金属含有材料が、金属、金属酸化物、またはそれらの組み合わせを含む、構造。 - その上に堆積された前記金属含有材料が、フィルム、層、またはコーティングである、請求項1に記載の構造。
- 活性化以外に、前記活性炭吸着材料が追加的に改質されていない、請求項1または2に記載の構造。
- 前記活性炭吸着材料が、粉末、顆粒、ペレット、モノリス、またはハニカム形態の活性炭を含む、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の構造。
- 前記活性炭が、木材、木材ダスト、木粉、コットンリンター、泥炭、石炭、ココナツ、亜炭、炭水化物、石油ピッチ、石油コークス、コールタールピッチ、フルーツピット、フルーツストーン、ナッツシェル、ナッツピット、おがくず、ヤシ、野菜、合成ポリマー、天然ポリマー、リグノセルロース材料、またはそれらの組み合わせ、のうちの少なくとも1つに由来する、請求項4に記載の構造。
- 前記活性炭が、リン酸、硫酸、ホウ酸、硝酸、酸素化酸、蒸気、空気、過酸化物、アルカリ水酸化物、金属塩化物、アンモニア、二酸化炭素、またはそれらの組み合わせのうちの少なくとも1つを含む活性化を使用して活性化される、請求項4または5に記載の構造。
- 前記活性吸着材料が、メソ多孔性の細孔サイズ、マクロ多孔性の細孔サイズ、またはそれらの組み合わせによって特徴付けられる、請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の構造。
- 前記活性吸着材料が、1グラムあたり800~1800、または1000~1600平方メートルの窒素B.E.T.表面積によって特徴付けられる、請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の構造。
- 前記活性炭が、5nm未満の深さにおいて0.25以下のバルクの酸素対炭素比を有する、請求項4~8のいずれかに記載の構造。
- 前記活性炭が、5nm未満の深さにおいて0.10以下のバルクのリン対炭素比を有する、請求項4~9のいずれかに記載の構造。
- 前記活性炭が、5nm未満の深さにおいて0.15以下のバルクの窒素対炭素比を有する、請求項4~10のいずれかに記載の構造。
- 前記活性炭が、表面炭素の総数に基づいて、0.33以下の表面リン対炭素比を有する、請求項4~11のいずれかに記載の構造。
- 前記活性炭が、表面炭素の総数に基づいて、0.5以下の表面窒素対炭素比を有する、請求項4~12のいずれかに記載の構造。
- 前記活性炭が、表面リン原子の総数に基づいて、1.0以下の酸化されたリンの表面酸素対リンの比を有する、請求項4~13のいずれかに記載の構造。
- 前記金属含有材料が、少なくとも1つの金属および少なくとも1つのリガンドを含む金属含有材料前駆体に由来する、請求項1または14に記載の構造。
- 前記金属含有材料が酸化チタンを含む、請求項1に記載の構造。
- 前記金属含有材料がパラジウムを含む、請求項1に記載の構造。
- 前記構造が、前記構造の合計重量に基づいて、0.5~50重量%の前記金属含有材料を含む、請求項1、16、または17に記載の構造。
- a.反応器内に活性吸着材料を提供する工程と、
b.少なくとも1つの原子層堆積サイクルを行って金属含有材料を堆積させる工程であって、前記少なくとも1つの原子層堆積サイクルを行う工程が、
i.第1の前駆体ガスを前記反応器の中へと導入して、前記活性吸着材料の表面上に堆積された金属含有材料前駆体を提供することと、
ii.第2の前駆体ガスを前記反応器の中へと導入して、前記構造を提供することと、を含む工程と、を含む工程に従って構造を調製するための方法であって、
請求項1に記載の構造を製造する、方法。 - 工程bが2~10回実施される、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 工程(b)(i)、工程(b)(ii)、またはそれらの組み合わせの後の前記反応器をパージすることを含む工程をさらに含む、請求項19または20に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の前駆体ガスが、少なくとも1つの金属および少なくとも1つのリガンドを含む、請求項19~21のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記第1の前駆体ガスが、金属ハロゲン化物、金属オキシハロゲン化物、有機金属化合物、またはそれらの組み合わせを含む、請求項19~22のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記第2の前駆体ガスが、前記活性吸着材料の表面上に堆積された前記金属含有材料前駆体のリガンドを置き換える能力を有する、請求項19~23のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記第2の前駆体ガスが、H2O、H2O2、O2、O3、N2O、NO、NO2、NH3、アンモニア、1,1-ジメチルヒドラジン、tert-ブチルアミン、またはアリルアミン、アルコール、PH3、P(O)OMe3、硫化水素、H2、周囲空気、ホルマリン、またはそれらの組み合わせを含む、請求項19~24のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記活性吸着材料が、木材、木材ダスト、木粉、コットンリンター、泥炭、石炭、ココナツ、亜炭、炭水化物、石油ピッチ、石油コークス、コールタールピッチ、フルーツピット、フルーツストーン、ナッツシェル、ナッツピット、おがくず、ヤシ、野菜、合成ポリマー、天然ポリマー、リグノセルロース材料、またはそれらの組み合わせ、のうちの少なくとも1つに由来する、請求項19~25のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記吸着材料が、粉末、顆粒、ペレット、モノリス、またはハニカム形態にある活性炭を含む、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記活性炭が、5nm未満の深さにおいて0.25以下のバルクの酸素対炭素比を有する、請求項27に記載の方法。
- 前記活性炭が、5nm未満の深さにおいて0.10以下のバルクのリン対炭素比を有する、請求項27または28に記載の方法。
- 前記活性炭が、5nm未満の深さにおいて0.15以下のバルクの窒素対炭素比を有する、請求項27~29のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記活性炭が、表面炭素の総数に基づいて、0.33以下の表面リン対炭素比を有する、請求項27~30のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記活性炭が、表面炭素の総数に基づいて、0.5以下の表面窒素対炭素比を有する、請求項27~31のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記活性炭が、表面リン原子の総数に基づいて、1.0以下の酸化されたリンの表面酸素対リンの比を有する、請求項27~32のいずれかに記載の方法。
- a.反応器内に活性炭粉末を提供する工程と、
b.少なくとも1つの原子層堆積サイクルを行って酸化チタンを含む金属含有材料を堆積させる工程であって、前記少なくとも1つの原子層堆積サイクルを行うことが、
i.前記反応器の中へとTiCl4ガスを導入して前記活性炭粉末の表面上に堆積された塩化チタンを提供することと、
ii.前記反応器の中へと水蒸気または周囲空気を導入して前記活性炭粉末の前記表面上に堆積された前記酸化チタンを提供することと、を含む、工程とを含む、請求項19に記載の方法。 - a.前記金属含有材料がパラジウムを含む、
b.前記第1の前駆体ガスが、パラジウムヘキサフルオロ-アセチルアセトンである、
c.前記第2の前駆体ガスが、ホルマリンまたは周囲空気である、または
d.それらの組み合わせ、のうちの少なくとも1つである、請求項19に記載の方法。 - a.反応器内に活性炭粉末を提供する工程と、
b.少なくとも1つの原子層堆積サイクルを行ってパラジウムを含む金属含有材料を堆積させる工程であって、前記少なくとも1つの原子層堆積サイクルを行う工程が、
i.前記反応器の中へとビス(2,2,6,6-テトラメチル-3,5-ヘプタンジオナート)パラジウム(II)を導入して、前記活性炭粉末の表面上に堆積されたパラジウム中間体を提供することと、
ii.周囲空気を反応器の中へと導入して前記活性炭粉末の前記表面上に堆積された前記パラジウムを提供することと、を含む工程と、を含む方法。
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| US20230364579A1 (en) * | 2022-05-13 | 2023-11-16 | Molecular Products Inc. | Atomic layer deposition for manufacturing whetlerite carbons |
| KR20240051875A (ko) * | 2022-10-13 | 2024-04-22 | 한화솔루션 주식회사 | 탄소분자체의 개질 방법 |
| CN116904960B (zh) * | 2023-07-11 | 2024-08-23 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | 一种核壳结构耐高温吸波材料及其制备方法和应用 |
| CN118637592B (zh) * | 2024-05-21 | 2025-03-04 | 湖南恒升热工机械设备有限公司 | 一种钠离子电池负极材料的连续气相沉积碳包覆方法 |
| CN118807692B (zh) * | 2024-09-13 | 2024-12-24 | 成都达奇科技股份有限公司 | 烟气脱磷剂的制备方法、烟气脱磷剂及其应用 |
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| EP4162097A4 (en) | 2024-10-09 |
| JP2023528480A (ja) | 2023-07-04 |
| MX2022015403A (es) | 2023-02-01 |
| KR20230022430A (ko) | 2023-02-15 |
| CA3181437A1 (en) | 2021-12-09 |
| US20210381103A1 (en) | 2021-12-09 |
| EP4162097A1 (en) | 2023-04-12 |
| CN116157201A (zh) | 2023-05-23 |
| BR112022024821A2 (pt) | 2023-03-21 |
| JP2025107581A (ja) | 2025-07-18 |
| WO2021248069A1 (en) | 2021-12-09 |
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