JP7549355B2 - 間葉系間質細胞を拡大するための方法 - Google Patents
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Description
本願は、2018年10月5日出願の米国特許仮出願第62/741,933号の利益を主張する。この仮出願の全体が参照により本明細書中に援用される。
1.分野
本発明は、概して、医学および免疫学の分野に関する。より詳細には、本発明は、間葉系間質細胞の拡大およびその使用に関する。
過去10年間にわたって、骨髄由来間葉系間質細胞(BM-MSC)が、移植片対宿主病、虚血性/非虚血性循環器疾患、虚血性脳卒中をはじめとした種々の臨床状況において、および遺伝子送達媒体として、治療に使用されてきた。BM-MSCの限界としては、ドナーの年齢が上がるにつれてその細胞の数および分化能が低下すること、BM-MSC産物の品質が一定しないこと、ならびに必要なBM吸引手技が侵襲性であることが挙げられる。正常な乳児の誕生後、臍帯血組織(CBt)は通常、廃棄されるので、この出発物質の収集は、非侵襲性である。CBt-MSCは、BM-MSCよりも速くかつ多い数に拡大でき、類似の免疫抑制特性を有する。したがって、臨床で使用するために多数のCBt-MSCを作製するGMP準拠の手順を開発する必要性がまだ満たされていない。
第1の実施形態において、本開示は、CBt由来のMSCを拡大するための方法を提供し、その方法は、臍帯組織からMSCの集団を取得する工程;TNFα、IFNγ、IL-1βおよびIL-17からなる群より選択される少なくとも3つのサイトカインの存在下においてそれらのMSCをプレ活性化する工程;および拡大されたMSCの集団を取得するために、そのプレ活性化されたMSCを拡大する工程を含む。特定の態様において、この方法は、GMP準拠である。いくつかの態様において、臍帯組織由来のMSCの集団は、予め凍結保存されているか、または新鮮なもしくは予め凍結保存された臍帯組織に由来する。
骨髄由来のMSCは、長年、難治性の移植片対宿主病(GVHD)を処置するために使用されており、より最近では、虚血性脳卒中、循環器疾患、炎症性腸疾患および急性呼吸窮迫症候群をはじめとした再生医学の状況において使用されている。胎盤静脈からの臍帯血が大規模に評価されたが、骨髄と比べてMSCの生成が全く一定せず、不十分であり、MSCの起源としては最適には及ばない。したがって、本開示のある特定の実施形態は、臍帯組織に由来するMSCを拡大するための方法を提供する。本方法は、バイオリアクター内で大量のCBt由来MSCを作製するための、優良製造規範(good manufacturing practice)(GMP)準拠の頑強な方法を提供する。
本明細書中で使用されるとき、特定の構成要素に関する「本質的に含まない」は、その特定の構成要素が、意図的に組成物に製剤化されていないことおよび/または夾雑物としてですらもしくは微量ですら存在しないことを意味するために本明細書中で使用される。ゆえに、ある組成物の任意の意図されない混入に起因する、その特定の構成要素の総量は、0.05%未満、好ましくは、0.01%未満である。標準的な分析方法ではその特定の構成要素の量を検出できない組成物が最も好ましい。
本開示は、MSCの拡大に関する。培養において使用されるMSCとしては、任意の幹細胞起源、例えば、臍帯、臍帯血、胎盤、胚性幹細胞、脂肪組織、骨髄または他の組織特異的間葉に由来する細胞が挙げられ得る。これらのサンプルは、新鮮サンプル、凍結サンプルまたは冷蔵サンプルであり得る。特定の態様において、MSCは、臍帯組織、およびこれらのCBt由来MSCを拡大するための方法に由来する。特定の態様において、MSCは、自家性または同種異系であり得るヒトMSCである。
1つの実施形態において、MSCは、1つ以上の酵素活性の存在下において単離される。組織からの細胞単離において使用するための広範囲の消化酵素が当該分野で公知であり、それらには、消化性が低いと考えられている酵素(例えば、デオキシリボヌクレアーゼおよび中性プロテアーゼであるディスパーゼ)から消化性が高いと考えられている酵素(例えば、パパインおよびトリプシン)に及ぶ酵素が含まれる。現在好ましいのは、粘液溶解性(mucolytic)酵素活性、メタロプロテアーゼ、中性プロテアーゼ、セリンプロテアーゼ(例えば、トリプシン、キモトリプシンまたはエラスターゼ)およびデオキシリボヌクレアーゼである。より好ましいのは、メタロプロテアーゼ、中性プロテアーゼおよび粘液溶解性活性から選択される酵素活性である。細胞は、コラゲナーゼ、ヒアルロニダーゼおよびディスパーゼのうちの1つ以上の活性の存在下において単離され得る。
次いで、臍帯組織から単離されたMSCは、プレ活性化のためにサイトカインの存在下において培養され得る。そのサイトカインは、TNFα、IFNγ、IL-1βおよび/またはIL-17であり得、特に、TNFα、IFNγ、IL-1βおよびIL-17である。プレ活性化工程は、約12~24時間、例えば、13、14、15、16、17、18または19時間、特に16時間であり得る。TNFα、IFNγおよび/またはIL-1βは、5~15ng/mLの濃度、例えば、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13または14ng/mL、特に約10ng/mLであり得る。IL-17は、20~40ng/mLの濃度、例えば、25、30または35ng/mL、特に約30ng/mLで存在し得る。
次いで、上記MSCは、バイオリアクターなどの機能的閉鎖系において拡大され得る。拡大は、Quantum Bioreactor(Terumo)において、例えば、4~10日間、特に5~6日間、行われ得る。
本開示の拡大されたMSCは、疾患および損傷の処置および回復において幅広く応用される。本開示の拡大されたMSCは、組織の修復、再構成および再生ならびに遺伝子の送達をはじめとした多くの治療用途において有用である。本開示のMSCは、系統拘束(lineage-committed)細胞と無拘束(uncommitted)細胞の両方を含み得るので、複数の治療目標を達成するために、両方の細胞型を一緒に、いくつかの実施形態では同時に用いることができる。例えば、いくつかの実施形態において、本開示の拡大されたMSCは、幹細胞移植片として直接使用できるか、または本明細書中の上記で述べたように懸濁液中もしくは細胞培養支持足場上の幹細胞移植片として使用できる。
いくつかの実施形態において、例えば、MSCを作製するための1つ以上の培地および構成要素を含み得るキットが提供される。そのような製剤は、因子のカクテルを、MSCとの併用に適した形態で含み得る。その試薬系は、必要に応じて、水性の媒質に入れられた状態または凍結乾燥された形態で包装され得る。キットの容器手段としては、構成要素が入れられ得る、好ましくは、適切に等分され得る、少なくとも1つのバイアル、試験管、フラスコ、ボトル、シリンジまたは他の容器手段が一般に挙げられる。キットに1つより多い構成要素が存在する場合、そのキットは、通常、さらなる構成要素が別々に入れられ得る第2の、第3のまたは他のさらなる容器も含む。しかしながら、構成要素の様々な組み合わせが、1つのバイアルに含められてもよい。キットの構成要素は、乾燥粉末として提供されてもよい。試薬および/または構成要素が、乾燥粉末として提供されるとき、その粉末は、好適な溶媒を加えることによって再構成され得る。その溶媒は、別の容器手段内に提供されてもよいことが想定される。キットは、典型的には、商業的販売のためにキットの構成要素を閉じ込めた状態で含めるための手段も含む。そのような容器としては、所望のバイアルを保持する射出成形またはブロー成形のプラスチック容器が挙げられ得る。キットは、使用するための指示書、例えば、印刷された形式またはデジタル形式などの電子的な形式の指示書も含み得る。
以下の実施例は、本発明の好ましい実施形態を実証するために含められる。以下の実施例に開示される手法は、本発明の実施において十分に機能すると本発明者らが発見した手法であり、ゆえにその実施にとって好ましい形式であると考えることができることが当業者によって認識されるべきである。しかしながら、当業者は、本開示に鑑みて、開示される特定の実施形態において多くの変更を行うことができ、それらの変更は、本発明の趣旨および範囲から逸脱することなく、なおも同様または類似の結果をもたらすと認識するべきである。
Terumo Quantum Cell Expansionシステム(使用したバイオリアクター)は、GMPに適合した細胞作製のために設計された自動中空繊維細胞培養プラットフォームである。簡潔には、臍帯組織を正常分娩から入手し、ヒアルロニダーゼ含有酵素カクテル(コラゲナーゼNB6 0.5U/ml、ヒアルロニダーゼ1U/mlおよびDNAse250U/ml)を使用してその組織を消化した。消化後、その細胞をフラスコにプレーティングし、数日間培養した。細胞が約85%コンフルエントになったら、トリプシン処理し、再度プレーティングし、培養し、コンフルエントになったら、継代数1(P1)として取り出し、凍結した(図1)。
CBtは、待機的帝王切開術の後の、正期新生児の同意した健康な母体から入手した。そのCBtを、ペニシリン/ストレプトマイシンを含むプラズマライトに入れた状態で運んだ。そのCBtを7等分に切断し、GentleMACS Octo Dissociator(Miltenyi)において、コラゲナーゼ-NB4/6(Serva)およびヒアルロニダーゼ(Sigma Aldrich)を含み、DNase(Genentech)を含むまたは含まない、様々な酵素の組み合わせを含むC-Tubes(Miltenyi)内で37℃において76分間インキュベートした。その細胞懸濁液を濾過し、洗浄し、pen-strepとともに10%血小板溶解物、L-グルタミン、ヘパリンを含むアルファ-MEM培地(完全培地)に再懸濁し、T175フラスコに播種し、次いで、MSCが80%コンフルエントになるまで培養した。それらの細胞を回収し、抗生物質を含まない完全培地を用いてT175フラスコにおいて80%コンフルエンスまで拡大してP1とした。
実施例1において得られたMSCを、インビボで特徴付けることにより、それらの機能を測定した。新鮮なCBt由来MSCは、異種移植片対宿主病(GVHD)マウスモデルにおいて生存時間を延長させたことが見出された(図8)。
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Claims (51)
- 臍帯組織由来の間葉系間質細胞(MSC)を拡大するための方法であって、
(a)臍帯組織を酵素カクテルで処理して、臍帯組織からMSCの集団を取得する工程;
(b)拡大されたMSCの集団を取得するために、MSCの集団を拡大し、拡大したMSCの集団を得る工程;及び
(c)前記MSCを、TNFα、IFNγ、IL-1βおよびIL-17の存在下においてプレ活性化する工程;
を含む、方法。 - 臍帯組織由来の前記MSCの集団が、予め凍結保存されている集団である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記酵素カクテルが、ヒアルロニダーゼおよびコラゲナーゼを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記コラゲナーゼが、コラゲナーゼNB4/6である、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記酵素カクテルが、DNAseをさらに含む、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記ヒアルロニダーゼが、0.5~1.5U/mLの濃度である、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記ヒアルロニダーゼが、1U/mLの濃度である、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記コラゲナーゼが、0.1~1U/mLの濃度である、請求項3又は4に記載の方法。
- 前記コラゲナーゼが、0.5U/mLの濃度である、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記DNAseが、200~300U/mLの濃度である、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記DNAseが、250U/mLの濃度である、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記MSCが、プレ活性化の前に少なくとも85%の培養密度まで培養される、請求項1~11のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記MSCが、プレ活性化の前に6~8日間培養される、請求項1~12のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 少なくとも5億個のMSCが、プレ活性化の前に取得される、請求項1~13のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記プレ活性化工程が、12~24時間である、請求項1~14のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記プレ活性化工程が、16時間である、請求項1~15のいずれかに記載の方法。
- TNFα、IFNγおよびIL-1βが、それぞれ5~15ng/mLの濃度である、請求項1~16のいずれかに記載の方法。
- TNFα、IFNγおよびIL-1βが、それぞれ10ng/mLの濃度である、請求項1~17のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記IL-17が、20~40ng/mLの濃度で存在する、請求項1~18のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記IL-17が、30ng/mLの濃度で存在する、請求項1~19のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記拡大工程が、機能的閉鎖系において行われる、請求項1~20のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記機能的閉鎖系が、バイオリアクターである、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 前記バイオリアクターが、中空繊維バイオリアクターである、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 拡大工程が、7日未満にわたって行われる、請求項1~23のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 拡大工程が、5~6日間行われる、請求項1~24のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記MSCが、少なくとも50倍拡大される、請求項1~25のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記MSCが、少なくとも70倍拡大される、請求項1~26のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記MSCが、28時間未満の倍加時間を有する、請求項1~27のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記プレ活性化されたMSCの集団が、骨髄MSCよりも高い免疫抑制性の表現型を有する、請求項1~28のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記プレ活性化されたMSCの集団が、サイトカインによるプレ活性化なしで拡大された臍帯組織由来のMSCよりも高い免疫抑制性の表現型を有する、請求項1~29のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記免疫抑制性の表現型が、抗アポトーシス因子、抗炎症因子、免疫調節因子および/または化学誘引ホーミング因子の発現によって測定される、請求項29または30に記載の方法。
- 抗アポトーシス因子が、VGEFおよび/またはTGFβである、請求項31に記載の方法。
- 前記抗炎症因子が、TSG-6である、請求項31に記載の方法。
- 前記化学誘引ホーミング因子が、CXCR4およびCXCR3である、請求項31に記載の方法。
- 前記免疫調節因子が、PD-L1、IDO、PGE2、IL-10およびTGFβからなる群より選択される、請求項31に記載の方法。
- 前記プレ活性化されたMSCの集団が、骨髄由来のMSCと比べて、幹細胞性マーカーおよび/またはケモカインレセプターの高発現を有する、請求項1~35のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記幹細胞性マーカーが、Nestin、Stro-1、Oct-4、NanogおよびCox-2からなる群より選択される、請求項36に記載の方法。
- 前記ケモカインレセプターが、VEGF、HLA-G、PGE、CXCR4、IL-10およびTGFβからなる群より選択される、請求項36に記載の方法。
- 前記プレ活性化されたMSCの集団が、骨髄由来のMSCと比べて、接着および侵入に関係する遺伝子の高発現を有する、請求項1~38のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記接着および侵入に関係する遺伝子が、GLG1、VCAM1、CXCR4、ICAM1、CSF3、CXCL3、CXCL8、SELPG、STAT1、IFITT3、ISG15、STAT2、MX1、OAS1、IFI6、JAK2、TAP1、IFI35、IFITM1、PSM89、IRF1、IFITM3、PTPN2、RELA、IFNAR2、HSP90AA1、JUN、ARNT、HIF1およびCUL2からなる群より選択される、請求項39に記載の方法。
- 前記方法が、GMP準拠である、請求項1~40のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記プレ活性化されたMSCを凍結保存する工程をさらに含む、請求項1~41のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 以下の工程を含む方法によって作製されたプレ活性化されたMSCおよび薬学的に許容され得るキャリアを含む、薬学的組成物:
(a)臍帯組織を酵素カクテルで処理して、臍帯組織からMSCの集団を取得する工程;
(b)拡大されたMSCの集団を取得するために、MSCの集団を拡大し、拡大したMSCの集団を得る工程;及び
(c)前記MSCを、TNFα、IFNγ、IL-1βおよびIL-17の存在下においてプレ活性化する工程。 - 炎症性疾患の処置における使用のための、請求項43に記載の組成物。
- 前記炎症性疾患が、移植片対宿主病(GVHD)、自己免疫疾患、急性虚血性脳卒中、心筋損傷、急性呼吸窮迫症候群(ARDS)または炎症性腸疾患である、請求項44に記載の組成物。
- 前記MSCが、同種異系である、請求項43~45のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 前記MSCが、全身投与または局所投与される、請求項43~46のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 前記MSCが、直腸、鼻、頬側、膣、皮下、皮内、静脈内、腹腔内、筋肉内、関節内、滑液包内、胸骨内、髄腔内、病巣内もしくは頭蓋内の経路を介してまたは埋め込みレザバーを介して投与される、請求項43~47のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 前記MSCが、少なくとも1つのさらなる治療薬とともに投与される、請求項43~48のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 前記少なくとも1つのさらなる治療薬が、治療有効量の免疫調節剤または免疫抑制剤である、請求項49に記載の組成物。
- 前記免疫抑制剤が、カルシニューリン阻害剤、mTOR阻害剤、抗体、化学療法剤照射、ケモカイン、インターロイキン、またはケモカインもしくはインターロイキンの阻害剤である、請求項50に記載の組成物。
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WO2020073029A1 (en) | 2020-04-09 |
CA3115291A1 (en) | 2020-04-09 |
EP3860627A1 (en) | 2021-08-11 |
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