JP7538208B2 - 光変調素子 - Google Patents
光変調素子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7538208B2 JP7538208B2 JP2022500294A JP2022500294A JP7538208B2 JP 7538208 B2 JP7538208 B2 JP 7538208B2 JP 2022500294 A JP2022500294 A JP 2022500294A JP 2022500294 A JP2022500294 A JP 2022500294A JP 7538208 B2 JP7538208 B2 JP 7538208B2
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 153
- GQYHUHYESMUTHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium niobate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Nb](=O)=O GQYHUHYESMUTHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 95
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 60
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 24
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 21
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 18
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 16
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 description 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910003327 LiNbO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013641 LiNbO 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002113 barium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium titanate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[Ba+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])([O-])[O-] JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001976 improved effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052451 lead zirconate titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead zirconate titanate Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4].[Zr+4].[Pb+2] HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000382 optic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/03—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on ceramics or electro-optical crystals, e.g. exhibiting Pockels effect or Kerr effect
- G02F1/035—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on ceramics or electro-optical crystals, e.g. exhibiting Pockels effect or Kerr effect in an optical waveguide structure
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/03—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on ceramics or electro-optical crystals, e.g. exhibiting Pockels effect or Kerr effect
- G02F1/035—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on ceramics or electro-optical crystals, e.g. exhibiting Pockels effect or Kerr effect in an optical waveguide structure
- G02F1/0356—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on ceramics or electro-optical crystals, e.g. exhibiting Pockels effect or Kerr effect in an optical waveguide structure controlled by a high-frequency electromagnetic wave component in an electric waveguide structure
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/21—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour by interference
- G02F1/225—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour by interference in an optical waveguide structure
- G02F1/2255—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour by interference in an optical waveguide structure controlled by a high-frequency electromagnetic component in an electric waveguide structure
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B2006/12035—Materials
- G02B2006/1204—Lithium niobate (LiNbO3)
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B2006/12083—Constructional arrangements
- G02B2006/12097—Ridge, rib or the like
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/21—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour by interference
- G02F1/212—Mach-Zehnder type
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2202/00—Materials and properties
- G02F2202/20—LiNbO3, LiTaO3
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Optical Integrated Circuits (AREA)
- Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)
Description
RF部3aにおけるリッジ導波路のスラブ膜厚Tsb1が電界効率VπLに与える影響をシミュレーションにより評価した。ニオブ酸リチウム膜からなる導波層11の厚さを1.5μmとし、リッジ導波路のスラブ膜厚Tsb1を変化させたときの電界効率VπLを求めた。その結果、図15に示すように、リッジ導波路のスラブ膜厚Tsb1が約0.3μmのときにVπLが最小となった。またスラブ膜厚Tsb2が0.6μm以下であればVπLを2.2Vcm以下とすることができ、好ましい範囲となった。
DC部3bにおけるリッジ導波路のスラブ膜厚Tsb2がDCドリフトに与える影響を評価した。この評価試験では80℃の温度下でバイアス電極に一定のバイアス電圧を印加しながらDCドリフト量を測定し、評価試験を開始してからDCドリフト量が50%を超えるまでに要した時間(寿命)を測定した。このときのニオブ酸リチウム膜からなる導波層11の厚さは1.5μmとした。その結果、スラブ膜厚Tsb2が0.3μmのときの寿命は約1時間、0.6μmのときの寿命は約84時間であった。一方、スラブ膜厚Tsb2が1.1μmのときの寿命は1000時間を超える良好な結果となった。
図3及び図4に示す導波路構造において、第1中間導波部22aのリッジ幅W1Cを変化させたときの接続損失(dB)の変化をシミュレーションにより評価した。ニオブ酸リチウム膜からなる導波層11の厚さを1.5μmとし、第2中間導波部22bのリッジ幅W2C=2.5μm、第1中間導波部22aのスラブ膜厚Tsb1=0.4μm、第2中間導波部22bのスラブ膜厚Tsb2=1.1μmとした。その結果、図16に示すように、リッジ幅W1Cが3~4.5μmの範囲で接続損失が最小になり、スラブ膜厚が異なるリッジ導波路の接続損失が低減されることを確認できた。
図11に示す光導波路の軸ずれの大きさΔWが接続損失(dB)に与える影響をシミュレーションにより評価した。ニオブ酸リチウム膜からなる導波層11の厚さを1.5μmとし、第1及び第2中間導波部22a,22bのリッジ幅(W1C,W2C)の組み合わせを(1.2μm,2.5μm)、(2.5μm,2.5μm)、(3.8μm,2.5μm)、(4.2μm,3μm)、(5.2μm,4μm)の5通りとした。また、第1中間導波部22aのスラブ膜厚Tsb1=0.4μm、第2中間導波部22bのスラブ膜厚Tsb2=1.1μmとした。
図6~図11に示した第3中間導波部22cの存在が接続損失(dB)に与える影響をシミュレーションにより評価した。ニオブ酸リチウム膜からなる導波層11の厚さを1.5μmとし、第1中間導波部22aのスラブ膜厚Tsb1=0.4μm、第2中間導波部22bのスラブ膜厚Tsb2=1.1μmとした。さらに、第1及び第2中間導波部22a,22bのリッジ幅(W1C,W2C)の組み合わせを(3.8μm,2.5μm)、(4.2μm,3μm)、(5.2μm,4μm)の3パターンとし、これらのパターンに対して図6~図8に示したスラブ膜厚が薄い(ここではスラブ膜厚がゼロ)場合と、図9~図11に示した導波路構造がない場合を組み合わせて評価した。
2 マッハツェンダー光導波路
2a 第1の導波路
2b 第2の導波路
2c 分波部
2d 合波部
2i 入力導波路
2o 出力導波路
3a RF部
3b DC部
3c 中間部
3id DC相互作用部
3ir RF相互作用部
4a 第1の信号電極
4a1 第1の信号電極の一端
4a2 第1の信号電極の他端
4b 第2の信号電極
4b1 第1の信号電極の一端
4b2 第1の信号電極の他端
5a 第1のバイアス電極
5a1 第1のバイアス電極の一端
5b 第2のバイアス電極
5b1 第2のバイアス電極の一端
9 終端抵抗
9a ドライバ回路
9c バイアス回路
10 基板
11 導波層
11r リッジ部
11s スラブ部
12 保護層
13 バッファ層
14 電極層
21a 第1導波部
21b 第2導波部
22a 第1中間導波部
22b 第2中間導波部
22c 第3中間導波部
30a マスク
30b マスク
Claims (6)
- 基板と、
前記基板上に形成された電気光学材料膜からなり、突出した部分であるリッジ部と、前記リッジ部よりも薄い膜厚を有するスラブ部とを有する光導波路とを備え、
前記光導波路は、
第1のリッジ幅及び第1のスラブ膜厚を有し、RF信号が印加される第1導波部と、
第2のリッジ幅及び前記第1のスラブ膜厚と異なる第2のスラブ膜厚を有し、DCバイアスが印加される第2導波部とを含み、
前記第2のリッジ幅は前記第1のリッジ幅よりも広いことを特徴とする光変調素子。 - 前記第2のスラブ膜厚は前記第1のスラブ膜厚よりも厚い、請求項1に記載の光変調素子。
- 前記第1のスラブ膜厚は0.6μm未満であり、
前記第2のスラブ膜厚は0.6μm以上である、請求項1又は2に記載の光変調素子。 - 前記電気光学材料膜はニオブ酸リチウム膜であり、
前記ニオブ酸リチウム膜のc軸は前記基板の主面に対して垂直方向に配向している、請求項1乃至3のいずれか一項に記載の光変調素子。 - 前記第1導波部に前記RF信号を印加する信号電極と、
前記第2導波部に前記DCバイアスを印加するバイアス電極とをさらに備える、請求項1乃至4のいずれか一項に記載の光変調素子。 - 前記光導波路は、入力導波路と、前記入力導波路を伝搬する光を分波する分波部と、前記分波部から延びて互いに平行に設けられた第1及び第2の導波路と、前記第1及び第2の導波路を伝搬する光を合波する合波部と、前記合波部から出力される光を伝搬する出力導波路とを有するマッハツェンダー光導波路である、請求項1乃至5のいずれか一項に記載の光変調素子。
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JP2020023292 | 2020-02-14 | ||
JP2020023292 | 2020-02-14 | ||
PCT/JP2021/001824 WO2021161746A1 (ja) | 2020-02-14 | 2021-01-20 | 光変調素子 |
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US (1) | US20230057036A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP7538208B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN115004086A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2021161746A1 (ja) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2012155046A (ja) | 2011-01-25 | 2012-08-16 | Anritsu Corp | 光変調器 |
US20180267240A1 (en) | 2015-09-04 | 2018-09-20 | Hewlett Packard Enterprise Development Lp | Tapered optical waveguides |
WO2019069815A1 (ja) | 2017-10-02 | 2019-04-11 | Tdk株式会社 | 光変調器 |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP0818693A1 (en) * | 1992-07-08 | 1998-01-14 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Optical waveguide device and manufacturing method of the same |
JPH06281897A (ja) * | 1993-03-25 | 1994-10-07 | Sumitomo Metal Mining Co Ltd | 光強度変調器 |
US6846428B2 (en) * | 2001-03-20 | 2005-01-25 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Thin film lithium niobate and method of producing the same |
WO2014016940A1 (ja) * | 2012-07-26 | 2014-01-30 | 富士通オプティカルコンポーネンツ株式会社 | 光変調器及び光送信器 |
US9244296B2 (en) * | 2013-11-15 | 2016-01-26 | Tdk Corporation | Optical modulator |
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