JP7518600B2 - Waterproofing structure and construction method - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a fastener for use in corners with rising walls in waterproof structures such as rooftops, roofs, and verandas, as well as a waterproof structure and construction method that use the fastener.

Conventionally, waterproofing work using waterproof sheets has been carried out to waterproof the framework of verandas, balconies, flat roofs, etc. Here, the framework may have a rising wall that is installed vertically from the horizontal plane of the framework, such as a parapet part or a stand for rooftop equipment such as solar panels. In such cases, at the corner formed by the horizontal plane of the framework and the rising wall, the waterproof sheet is subjected to concentrated load due to wind pressure and movement of the framework, so it is necessary to fix the waterproof sheet so that it does not peel off. In many cases, in order to ensure the fixing strength and durability of the corner, a method is used in which a fixing device made of a steel plate or the like is attached along the rising wall and the waterproof sheet is fixed to the fixing device.

Fixing devices are usually mechanically fixed to the horizontal surface of the substrate using screws or glued to the substrate. When multiple substrates, such as insulation and reinforcing plates, are stacked on the underside (frame side) of the waterproofing sheet, the fixing device is placed in contact with the waterproofing sheet, and the substrate placed below the fixing device is penetrated with screws and fixed to the substrate. Alternatively, the fixing device can be glued onto the substrate, and the waterproofing sheet is joined on top of the substrate and fixing device.

Patent Document 1 discloses a roof insulation and waterproofing structure comprising a base, a rising portion rising from the base, and a plurality of layers including at least an insulation layer and a waterproofing layer stacked on the upper surface of the base, characterized in that the roof waterproofing structure is provided with edging fittings extending along the boundary between the rising portion and the plurality of layers, and the edging fittings are fixed to the layer on which the edging fittings are arranged using an adhesive.
The present invention also discloses an insulating and waterproof roof structure, characterized in that the edging fittings include a pressure plate portion that is placed on the upper surface of the end of any one of the multiple layers, a support portion that extends from the side end of the pressure plate portion facing the raised portion to the upper surface of the base, and a flange portion that extends from the lower end of the support portion in the same direction as the pressure plate portion, and the edging fittings are fixed to the ends of the layers by placing the ends of the layers from the layer on which the pressure plate portion is placed to the layer that is placed on the upper surface of the base between the pressure plate portion and the flange portion.

Patent No. 5534956

However, when a fastener is adhered to a horizontal floor or a base board as in the prior art such as Patent Document 1, there is a concern that the fastener may not be adequately fixed to the horizontal floor or base board, for example, the fastener may float off the adhesive surface due to the slope or unevenness of the adhesive surface of the horizontal floor or base board, resulting in partial non-adherence of the fastener.
In addition, in the method disclosed in Patent Document 1, in which the ends of the layers from the layer where the pressing plate of the edging fitting is placed to the layer placed on the upper surface of the base are placed between the pressing plate and the flange, the fixing tool may not be sufficiently fixed to the base due to the influence of the gradient or unevenness of the base. Furthermore, in this case, since each layer of insulation material, etc. is placed between the pressing plate and the flange of the fixing tool, there is a concern that each layer will not be sufficiently fixed to the base. Furthermore, if the fixing tool is not sufficiently fixed due to the gradient or unevenness of the base, the waterproof layer joined to the fixing plate may also not be sufficiently fixed to the base.

In other words, the present invention aims to fix the waterproof layer more stably by using a fastener to ensure that it is less affected by the gradient or unevenness of the base, etc., and that the fastener is sufficiently fixed to the base, etc.

The means used to solve the problem is to fix a fixture to a rising wall. Specifically, the waterproof structure includes a heat insulating material laid on the horizontal floor of a waterproof base having a horizontal floor and a rising wall provided upward from the horizontal floor, a fixture having a rising piece joined to the rising wall and a horizontal piece provided continuously from the rising piece at a substantially right angle and placed on the heat insulating material , a bonding agent for joining the rising piece to the rising wall, and a waterproof layer laid on the horizontal piece of the fixture and on the heat insulating material and joined to the horizontal piece , and the fixture has a claw part on the horizontal piece, and the claw part is stuck into the heat insulating material . The waterproof structure may be one in which the rising piece is not in contact with the horizontal floor, one in which the rising piece is provided along the rising wall and from the horizontal piece toward the horizontal floor and is disposed between the rising wall and the heat insulating material , or one in which the rising piece is provided along the rising wall and from the horizontal piece toward the upward side. Furthermore , the viscosity of the adhesive may be 250 Pa·s or more and 2600 Pa·s or less, and the volume reduction rate of the adhesive before and after drying may be 10% or less. Also, the waterproof structure may be such that the claw portion of the fixing device is a protrusion provided on an end of the horizontal piece opposite to an end of the horizontal piece connected to the rising piece .
In addition , a construction method for a waterproof structure can be used that includes the steps of laying insulation material on a horizontal floor of a waterproof base having a horizontal floor and a rising wall extending upward from the horizontal floor, positioning a rising piece of a fixing device having a horizontal piece extending approximately perpendicularly from the rising piece and having a claw portion on the horizontal piece along the rising wall and joining the rising piece to the rising wall with an adhesive, and inserting the claw portion of the horizontal piece into the insulation material, laying a waterproof layer on the insulation material and the horizontal piece of the fixing device , and joining the waterproof layer to the horizontal piece and fixing the waterproof layer onto the insulation material .

The present invention provides a waterproof structure, fastener, and construction method that is less susceptible to the gradient or unevenness of the substrate, and can adequately fasten the fastener to the substrate, thereby stably fixing the waterproof layer.

1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a waterproof structure according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a fixture according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 11 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a waterproof structure of a modified example of the fastener of one embodiment of the present invention. 1 is a perspective view and partial cross-sectional view of one embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 13 is a partial cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention when the substrate has a gradient. FIG. 1 is a perspective view and a partial cross-sectional view of a conventional technology. FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a conventional technique in which the base has a gradient. FIG. 11 is a partial cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention when the base has irregularities. FIG. 13 is a perspective view of one embodiment of the present invention in which a fastener is used across a joint in a furring board.

The following describes an embodiment of the present invention with reference to the drawings.

The first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to Figs. 1 and 2. The waterproof base S has a horizontal floor 1 and a rising wall 2 that is provided upward from the horizontal floor 1. The horizontal floor 1 and the rising wall 2 form an inside corner I. A base plate 3 is provided on the horizontal floor 1, and a fixing device 5 is disposed in the inside corner I and has a rising piece 51 and a horizontal piece 52 that is provided continuously from the rising piece 51 at a substantially right angle. The rising piece 51 of the fixing device 5 is joined to the rising wall 2, and the horizontal piece 52 is disposed on the base plate 3. The waterproof layer 4 is laid on the base plate 3 and the horizontal piece 52, and is further joined to the horizontal piece 52.

By gluing the fastener 5 to the rising wall 2, the fastener 5 can be fixed to the waterproof base S without being affected by the unevenness of the horizontal floor 1.

More specifically, the waterproof base S is composed of a horizontal floor 1 and a rising wall 2. A heat insulating material 31 is laid on the horizontal floor 1 as a base plate 3, and a waterproof sheet 41 for flat areas is laid on the heat insulating material 31 as a waterproof layer 4. The heat insulating material 31 is joined to the horizontal floor 1, and the waterproof sheet 41 is joined to the heat insulating material 31. The fixing device 5 is provided in the inside corner I, and the horizontal piece 52 of the fixing device 5 is arranged between the heat insulating material 31 and the waterproof sheet 41, and the rising piece 51 of the fixing device 5 is arranged in the gap between the heat insulating material 31 and the rising wall 2. The rising piece 51 is fixed to the waterproof base S by being joined to the rising wall 2. Furthermore, by joining the horizontal piece 52 and the waterproof sheet 41, the waterproof sheet 41 is more stably fixed to the waterproof base S via the fixing device 5.

It is preferable that the horizontal piece 52 of the fixing device 5 is not joined to the insulating material 31. This is because if the insulating material 31 also has a slope or unevenness due to the slope or unevenness of the horizontal floor 1, joining the horizontal piece 52 to the insulating material 31 may cause the fixing device 5 to wobble due to the slope or unevenness, making it impossible to stably fix the fixing device 5. In contrast, by joining the rising piece 51 to the rising wall 2, the fixing device 5 can be fixed to the waterproof base S without being affected by the slope or unevenness of the insulating material 31 due to the slope or unevenness of the horizontal floor 1.
If the rising piece 51 is joined to the rising wall 2, an adhesive or the like may be used to join the horizontal piece 52 to the insulating material 31. However, due to the influence of the slope and unevenness of the horizontal floor 1, there is a risk that the horizontal piece 51 will only be partially joined to the insulating material 31, so this serves as an auxiliary fixing role.

As a modification of the first embodiment, FIG. 4 will be described in which the fastener 5 is elongated. The fastener 5 is arranged in an inside corner I formed by a horizontal floor 1 and a rising wall 2, with the longitudinal direction of the fastener 5 aligned along the longitudinal direction of the rising wall 2. The B-B' cross section is the same as FIG. 1. Note that the waterproof layer 4 has been omitted from FIG. 4 for the sake of explanation.

Similarly, FIG. 6 shows an example of a long-shaped fixture K in the prior art. In FIG. 6, there is a case where a gradient is provided from B to C and from B to A. When a gradient is provided on both sides from a certain point like this, the fixture K may be placed across the high point (point B in FIG. 6). In the prior art, the fixture K is installed on the horizontal floor 1 along the rising wall 2. Then, as shown in FIG. 7 (7-2) seen from the D direction in FIG. 6, when the fixture K is placed and fixed on the horizontal floor 1, floating occurs at either A or C. Furthermore, even if it is installed in line with C, if it swings to the A side, floating and rattling occurs on the C side, and stable fixing cannot be achieved. Here, FIG. 7 (7-2) is a cross-sectional view seen from the D direction in FIG. 6, and for the sake of explanation, only the horizontal floor 1, the rising wall 2, and the fixture 5 of the base S are drawn, and other members, etc. are omitted. Also, if Figure 7 (7-2) is the front view, then Figure 7 (7-1) corresponds to the left side view, and only the horizontal floor 1, the rising wall 2, and the fixing device 5 are depicted; the rest are omitted.

In this embodiment, even if there is a gradient as shown in Fig. 5, by joining the rising piece 51 of the fixing device 5 to the rising wall 2, it is possible to fix the horizontal floor 1 without wobbling due to the gradient by the gradient. Here, Fig. 5 (5-2) is a cross-sectional view seen from the direction D in Fig. 4, and for the sake of explanation, only the horizontal floor 1, the rising wall 2, and the fixing device 5 of the base S are depicted, and other members, etc. are omitted. Also, Fig. 5 (5-1) corresponds to a left side view if Fig. 5 (5-2) is a front view, and only the horizontal floor 1, the rising wall 2, and the fixing device 5 are depicted, and others are omitted.
Furthermore, the gradient of the waterproof base S is often set with consideration given to the drainage of rainwater, and the position and degree of the gradient are appropriately set for each building, so the position on the gradient at which the fixing device 5 is installed is not fixed. Therefore, it is not preferable in terms of construction efficiency and workability to install the fixing device 5 while considering the gradient of the waterproof base S, or to change and install the fixing device 5 each time. Therefore, when waterproofing the waterproof base S, by fixing the fixing device 5 to the rising wall 2, the fixing device 5 can be stably fixed regardless of the gradient or unevenness of the waterproof base S and the base board.

Figure 8 shows a case where the horizontal floor 1 has irregularities 10, and in this case, as in Figure 5, the rising piece 51 of the fixing device 5 can be joined to the rising wall 2 to fix the horizontal floor 1 without wobbling due to its slope. Here, Figure 8 (8-2) corresponds to a cross-sectional view seen from direction D in Figure 4, and for the sake of explanation, only the horizontal floor 1, rising wall 2, fixing device 5, and irregularities 10 of the base S are depicted, with other members etc. omitted. Also, Figure 8 (8-1) corresponds to a left side view if Figure 8 (8-2) is taken as a front view, and only the horizontal floor 1, rising wall 2, fixing device 5, and irregularities 10 are depicted, with the rest omitted.

It is preferable to use an adhesive 6 to join the fixture 5 to the rising wall 2. In FIG. 1, the adhesive 6 is provided between the rising wall 2 and the rising piece 51 of the fixture 5.

Figure 1 shows a modified example in which the rising piece 51 of the fixing device 5 does not contact the horizontal floor 1. Because the rising piece 51 does not contact the horizontal floor 1, it is less susceptible to the effects of the slope or unevenness of the horizontal floor, and this is preferable because it allows the fixing device 5 to be stably fixed regardless of the slope or unevenness of the waterproof base S.

Figure 2 shows fixture 5b as a modified example in which fixture 5 is provided with claw portion 53. A rising piece 51 is provided at one end of horizontal piece 52 of fixture 5b, and claw portion 53 is provided at the other end of horizontal piece 52. By piercing claw portion 53 into base board 3, fixture 5b can be made to correspond to base board 3 while fixture 5 can be more firmly fixed.

Figure 9 also shows a case where multiple base boards are used side by side. In Figure 9, the base boards 3 are arranged along the rising wall 2, but there are cases where multiple base boards 3 are installed along the rising wall 2. In such a case, a joint M is generated at the joint between adjacent base boards 3, and if a step occurs in this joint M, there is a risk of steps and wrinkles occurring in the fasteners and waterproof layer when the fasteners and waterproof layer are installed across the joint M. However, by joining the rising piece 51 of the fastener 5 to the rising wall 2, the fasteners are less likely to be affected by the step of the joint even if the fasteners 5 are installed across the joint M of the base boards 3, and the occurrence of wrinkles due to the step can also be suppressed in the waterproof layer 4 joined to the fastener 5. Note that the waterproof layer 4 is omitted in Figure 9 for the sake of explanation.

Furthermore, by having a claw portion 53 like the fixing device 5b and inserting the claw portion 53 into the base board 3, the fixing device 5 is fixed to the base board 3 even if the fixing device 5b straddles the joints of the base board 3, and the claw portion 53 can also level out any unevenness, further reducing wrinkles in the waterproof layer 4.

The horizontal floor 1 and rising wall 2, which are the waterproof base S, may be of any material and structure as long as they are used in conventional waterproof structures such as reinforced concrete, ALC construction, wood, steel, and metal folded roofs. The waterproof base S may also include an existing waterproof layer, and the existing waterproof layer may be any waterproof layer such as asphalt waterproofing, sheet waterproofing, urethane waterproofing, or FRP waterproofing. An example of a case in which the waterproof base S includes an existing waterproof layer is renovation construction of an existing waterproof layer.

The base board 3 may be made of any material as long as it is a plate-shaped member, but an insulating material or a reinforcing plate may be used. As the insulating material, a material generally used in waterproof layers, such as hard urethane foam, polystyrene foam, or polyethylene foam, may be used. As the reinforcing plate, an inorganic board, such as a cement board, plywood, or a calcium silicate board in which an inorganic material is fixed with a resin, may be used. Also, an insulating material and a reinforcing plate may be used in combination.
Here, when using the fastener 5b having the claw portion 53, it is preferable that the base plate 3 is relatively flexible. Specifically, it is preferable to use a heat insulating material, since the claw portion 53 can easily pierce the heat insulating material, which is favorable in terms of workability.

A waterproof sheet is preferably used for the waterproof layer 4. As the waterproof sheet, general waterproof sheets such as polyvinyl chloride resin, vulcanized rubber, non-vulcanized rubber, thermoplastic elastomer, ethylene vinyl acetate resin, etc. can be used. A flat waterproof sheet can be used for the horizontal floor 1, and a rising waterproof sheet can be used for the rising wall 2. The flat waterproof sheet and the rising waterproof sheet may be the same, or different types of waterproof sheets may be used for each.
The waterproof sheet may be a single layer of thermoplastic resin, but a multi-layer product in which a base layer such as glass cloth, glass nonwoven fabric, polyester cloth, or polyester nonwoven fabric is laminated is preferable because of its excellent dimensional stability and tensile strength. The base layer may be provided as the bottom layer, or may be provided between the thermoplastic resin layers. The thermoplastic resin layer may be a single layer or multiple layers, and each layer may have a different composition.

As shown in Fig. 2, the fastener 5 has a rising piece 51 joined to the rising wall 2 and a horizontal piece 52 provided continuously from the rising piece 51, and the rising piece 51 and the horizontal piece 52 form a substantially right angle. The cross section of the fastener 5a is substantially L-shaped. As a modified example, it is preferable to have a claw portion 53 like the fastener 5b. The claw portion 53 is provided on the end of the horizontal piece 52 opposite to the side connected to the rising piece 51, with a protruding portion on the horizontal floor 1 side of the waterproofing base. In the example of Fig. 2, the claw portion 53 is provided facing the same direction as the rising piece 51.
Moreover, since the fixing device 5 is provided along the rising wall 2, it is preferable from the viewpoint of workability and construction to make it long and elongated along the rising wall 2. That is, a cross section constituted by the rising piece 51 and the horizontal piece 52 is formed continuously, and the plate-like rising piece 51 and the plate-like horizontal piece 52 are combined in a substantially L-shape.

It is preferable that the rising piece 51 is provided along the rising wall 2, downward, i.e., toward the horizontal floor 1, when the horizontal piece 52 is disposed opposite the horizontal floor 1. This allows the rising piece 51 to be sandwiched between the rising wall 2 and the base plate 3, and the fixing device 5 is stably fixed. This is also preferable because when joining the rising piece 51 to the rising wall 2, the fixing device 5 can be stably fixed in the initial stage of joining.
The rising piece 51 may be provided above the horizontal piece 52 as shown in FIG. 3 (3-2). Also, the rising piece 51 may be provided above and below the horizontal piece 52 as shown in FIG. 3 (3-3). The fixing device 5c has a substantially Z-shaped cross section, and the fixing device 5d has a substantially T-shaped cross section. Here, in order to reduce the effect of the gradient and unevenness of the horizontal floor 1, it is preferable that the fixing device 5 does not contact the horizontal floor 1. Therefore, since it is preferable that the rising piece 51 does not contact the horizontal floor 1, it is preferable that the length of the rising piece 51 is shorter than the thickness of the base board 3 when the thickness of the base board 3 is thin. Therefore, when a sufficient joint area cannot be secured as the rising piece 51 when adjusted to the thickness of the base board 3, it is preferable to use the fixing devices 5c and 5d in which the rising piece 51 is provided above the horizontal piece 1.

The horizontal piece 52 is placed above the base plate 3 and below the waterproof layer 4, as it needs to be joined to the waterproof layer 4. The length of the horizontal piece 52 should be sufficient for joining the waterproof layer 4. It is desirable for the joint of the waterproof layer 4 to have a joining surface of 40 mm or more, but 40 mm to 200 mm or less is preferable.

The claw portion 53 may be long enough to penetrate the base plate 3 and be sufficiently fixed. However, it is preferable to make it shorter than the thickness of the base plate 3 so that it does not come into contact with the horizontal floor 2. This reduces the effect of the gradient and unevenness of the horizontal floor 1 on the fixing device 5. In particular, when joining the rising piece 51 to the rising wall 2, it reduces the shifting or floating of the fixing device 5 before the rising piece 51 is fixed to the rising wall 2, allowing the waterproof layer 4 to be laid more smoothly.

The fixing device 5 is used to fix the waterproof layer 4 to the base more stably. Therefore, it is preferable that the fixing device 5 has a suitable rigidity and strength, and is made of metal, resin, wood, etc. Metal is preferable in terms of rigidity and strength. The surface of the fixing device 5 is joined to the waterproof layer 4, and the joining is preferably by heat fusion or solvent welding. Therefore, it is preferable that the surface of the fixing device 5 that contacts the waterproof layer 4, which is usually the upper surface above the horizontal floor 1, is welded or covered with a material that can be fused to the waterproof layer 4. If the waterproof layer 4 is a thermoplastic resin-based waterproof sheet, it is preferable that the covering of the fixing device 5 is also made of a thermoplastic resin.
As a specific example, when the waterproof layer 4 is a polyvinyl chloride resin-based waterproof sheet, the upper surface of the fixing device 5 (the surface in contact with the waterproof layer 4) is preferably covered with a polyvinyl chloride resin-based layer. This makes it possible to fuse the polyvinyl chloride resin-based waterproof sheet, which is the waterproof layer 4, and the polyvinyl chloride resin-based layer covering the upper surface of the fixing device 5 by heat or solvent welding, and the waterproof layer 4 and the fixing device 5 can be firmly joined.
It is also preferable that the underside (the surface close to the horizontal floor 1) of the fixture 5, which faces the upper side, is also coated with a thermoplastic resin or the like. In particular, when the fixture 5 is made of metal, it is preferable to provide a coating on the underside as a protective layer to prevent corrosion of the fixture 5. In the above specific example, it is preferable that the underside is also coated with a polyvinyl chloride resin layer.

The bonding agent 6 used to bond the rising piece 51 of the fixing device 5 to the rising wall 2 may be, for example, a silicone-based, modified silicone-based, polysulfide-based, polyurethane-based, epoxy-based, modified epoxy-based, acrylic-based, styrene butadiene rubber-based, nitrile rubber-based, or butyl rubber-based bonding agent.

Even if the surface of the rising wall 2 is slightly uneven, the fixing device 5 will shift horizontally and will not hinder the installation of the waterproof layer. Furthermore, by making the adhesive 6 of the fixing device thicker, the unevenness of the rising wall 2 can be cushioned. Therefore, in order to apply a thick layer of adhesive 6 to the rising wall 2, which is a vertical surface, it is desirable for the viscosity of the adhesive 6 to be relatively high. Specifically, a viscosity of 250 Pa·s to 2600 Pa·s is preferable.

Furthermore, when applying a thick layer of adhesive 6, it is desirable to use an adhesive 6 that changes in volume as little as possible after drying in order to prevent the adhesive 6 from peeling off the rising wall 2 or the rising piece 51 of the fixture 5 after drying. Specifically, it is desirable to use an adhesive 6 that has a volume reduction rate of 10% or less.

Depending on the material of the surface of the rising wall 2, a surface treatment may be performed on the joint surface between the rising wall 2 and the rising piece 51 to improve the adhesion between the rising piece 51 and the adhesive 6. Specific examples include the application of a surface treatment agent or primer (not shown). It is preferable to use an agent or primer that has good adhesion to the adhesive 6 of the fixing device.

The base plate 3 is preferably fixed to the horizontal floor 1. In Fig. 1, as a modification of the first embodiment, the base plate 3 is bonded with a bonding agent 7. The bonding agent 7 for bonding the base plate 3 may be the same as the bonding agent 6 for bonding the rising piece 51, or a different bonding agent may be used.
The bonding material 7 used to bond the base plate 3 can be, for example, silicone-based, modified silicone-based, polysulfide-based, polyurethane-based, epoxy-based, modified epoxy-based, acrylic-based, styrene butadiene rubber-based, nitrile rubber-based, butyl rubber-based, or other bonding agents.
The adhesive 7 may be applied to the entire surface of the base plate 7, but may also be applied at intervals as shown in FIG. 1, providing the adhesive in dots.

The construction method according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to Figure 1. The construction method includes the steps of laying a base board 3 on a waterproof base S having a horizontal floor 1 and a rising wall 2, laying a waterproof layer 4 on the base board 3, arranging a horizontal piece 52 provided continuously with the rising piece 51 of the fixing device 5 between the base board 3 and the waterproof layer 4, arranging the rising piece 51 along the rising wall 2 and joining the rising piece 51 to the rising wall 2, and joining the waterproof layer 4 to the horizontal piece 52 to fix the waterproof layer 4 on the base board 3.

More specifically, insulation material 31 is laid on top of the horizontal floor 1 as the base plate 3, the horizontal piece 52 of the fixing device 5 is placed on top of the base plate 3, and the rising piece 51 is inserted between the rising wall 2 and the base plate 3 at the inside corner I, and the rising piece 51 is joined to the rising wall 2. A waterproof sheet 41, which is the waterproof layer 4, is then laid on top of the horizontal piece 52 and the base plate 3, and the waterproof sheet 41 and the horizontal piece 52 are joined. This allows the waterproof sheet 41 to be more stably fixed to the waterproof base S via the fixing device 5.

When the fixing device 5 is long as shown in FIG. 9, the fixing device 5 is placed along the rising wall 2. At this time, the position of the fixing device 5 is adjusted and fixed to the rising wall 2 so that the fixing device 5 is not unstable due to the slope and unevenness of the horizontal floor 1 and the base board 3. Also, even if the base board 3 is composed of multiple sheets and a joint M is provided in the base board 3, the position of the fixing device 5 is adjusted and fixed to reduce the effect of the step at the joint M, and the step between adjacent fixing devices 5 is also adjusted and fixed to be small. In this way, the fixing device 5 is fixed to the waterproof base S by joining the rising piece 51 to the rising wall 2, so it is less affected by the horizontal floor 1 and the base board 3, and multiple fixing devices 5 can be fixed with small steps.

Here, in the first embodiment, the rising wall 2 in FIG. 1 is illustrated as a parapet or the like provided at the end of the horizontal floor 1. However, the rising wall 2 may not only be a part provided at the end of the horizontal floor 1 like a parapet, but may also be a part that protrudes upward from the horizontal floor 1. For example, it may be a stand on which equipment or the like provided on the horizontal floor 1 is installed. The present invention can also be applied when the stand is installed on the inside of the horizontal floor 1 rather than at the edge of the horizontal floor 1, and the rising wall 2 is provided around the periphery of the base.

Examples of the present invention will be described below.
A first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 1. A rigid urethane foam 31a is laid as a base plate 3 on a waterproof base S, which is made of concrete, consisting of a horizontal floor 1 and a rising wall 2. The rigid urethane foam 31a is fixed to the horizontal floor 1 by a bonding agent 7, which is a modified silicone adhesive 7a. The modified silicone adhesive 7a is applied to the horizontal floor 1 at intervals. The fixing tool 5a is composed of a rising piece 51 and a horizontal piece 52, and the horizontal piece 52 is formed continuously from the rising piece 51, and has a cross section of a substantially L-shape. The rising piece 51 of the fixing tool 5a is bonded to the rising wall 2 using a modified silicone adhesive 6a as a bonding agent 6. The rising piece 51 does not contact the horizontal floor 1, and the length of the rising piece 51 is set to be slightly shorter than the thickness of the rigid urethane foam 31a. A flat surface waterproof sheet 41a, which is a flat surface waterproof sheet 41, is laid on the hard urethane foam 3a, which is the base plate 3, and the horizontal piece 52 of the fixture 5 as the waterproof layer 4. The flat surface waterproof sheet 41a is fixed to the hard urethane foam 31a with a nitrile rubber adhesive. A rising polyvinyl chloride resin waterproof sheet 42a is fixed to the rising wall 2 with a nitrile rubber adhesive. Here, the fixture 5a uses a steel plate covered on both the top and bottom with a polyvinyl chloride resin layer. The polyvinyl chloride resin layer on the horizontal piece 52 of the fixture 5 and the flat surface polyvinyl chloride resin waterproof sheet 41a are welded with a solvent. The horizontal piece 52 and the flat surface polyvinyl chloride resin waterproof sheet 41a may be joined not only by solvent welding, but also by heat fusion using a heat fusion device.

The adhesive 6a has a viscosity of 250 Pa·s to 550 Pa·s, and by using an adhesive with a volume reduction rate of 10% or less before and after drying, the fixture 5 can be stably fixed even during the initial adhesion process.

As a modification of Example 1, a fixing device 5b having a claw portion 53 can be used for the fixing device 5. In this case, it is preferable because the fixing device 5b is more stably fixed by piercing the claw portion 53 of the fixing device 5b into the rigid urethane foam 31a. The thickness of the rigid urethane foam 31a is 35 mm, and a fixing device with a cross section of an approximately L-shaped shape is used, in which the length of the rising piece 51 of the fixing device 5b used in the modification is 30 mm, the width of the horizontal piece 52 is 50 mm, and the length of the claw portion 53 is 10 mm.

A second embodiment in which the fastener 5 is long and multiple base plates 3 are used will be described with reference to FIG. 9. Also, the differences from the first embodiment will be described, and the same configuration as the first embodiment will be omitted. A plurality of rigid urethane foams 31a are arranged along the rising wall 2 as the base plate 3, and the fastener 5b is arranged on the rigid urethane foams 31a. The long fastener 5b having the claw portion 53 is arranged so that the long side of the fastener 5b straddles the joints of adjacent rigid urethane foams 31a along the longitudinal direction of the rising wall 2. Even if a step occurs in the joints of adjacent rigid urethane foams 31a due to the influence of the horizontal floor 1, the rising piece 51 is fixed to the rising wall 2, and the claw portion 53 pierces the rigid urethane foam 31a. The claws 53 pierce the rigid urethane foam 31a, limiting the movement of the rigid urethane foam 31a, and the claws 53 are fixed to two adjacent rigid urethane foams 31a that are different heights, so the fixture 5b is fixed more stably.

As a modification of the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, an example of joining a rising waterproof layer 42 joined to a rising wall 2 to a fixing tool 5 will be described. A rising polyvinyl chloride resin-based waterproof sheet 42a is joined to a flat polyvinyl chloride resin-based waterproof sheet 41a joined to the fixing tool 5. The rising polyvinyl chloride resin-based waterproof sheet 42a is laid and fixed from a position corresponding to the horizontal piece 52 of the fixing tool 5b to the rising wall 2 so as to cover the inside corner I. The shape of the rising polyvinyl chloride resin-based waterproof sheet 42a when laid is approximately L-shaped in cross section. The rising polyvinyl chloride resin-based waterproof sheet 42a and the rising wall 2 can be joined using an adhesive, and in this embodiment, a nitrile rubber-based adhesive is used. The rising polyvinyl chloride resin-based waterproof sheet 42a and the flat polyvinyl chloride resin-based waterproof sheet 41a are joined by welding with a solvent, but they may also be joined by heat fusion using a heat fusion device.
Similarly, the rising polyvinyl chloride resin waterproof sheet 42a can be used for the other modified examples. As the fasteners 5, the fasteners 5b, 5c, 5d, etc. can also be used.

The construction method of Example 1 will be described. First, a rigid urethane foam 31a is laid on the horizontal floor 1 as a base plate 3, and a modified silicone adhesive 6a is applied as a bonding agent 6 to the surface of the rising piece 51 of the fixing device 5a that contacts the rising wall 2. The rising piece 51 is inserted into the gap between the rigid urethane foam 31a and the rising wall 2 along the rising wall. A flat polyvinyl chloride resin-based waterproof sheet 41a is laid on the rigid urethane foam 31a and the horizontal piece 52 of the fixing device 5a, and the flat polyvinyl chloride resin-based waterproof sheet 41a is fixed to the rigid urethane foam 31a with a nitrile rubber-based adhesive. At this time, the horizontal piece 52 is positioned so that it is between the rigid urethane foam 31a and the flat polyvinyl chloride resin-based waterproof sheet 41a. The flat polyvinyl chloride resin-based waterproof sheet 41a was fixed with a modified silicone adhesive 7a applied to the horizontal floor 1 at intervals. The horizontal piece 52 and the flat surface polyvinyl chloride resin-based waterproof sheet 41a were welded together using a solvent, and the flat surface polyvinyl chloride resin-based waterproof sheet 41a was fixed to the fixture 5a. This allowed the fixture 5 to be joined to the rising wall 2, and the fixture 5a could be fixed without interfering with the unevenness of the base, causing any steps or floating.

A construction method of a modified example using a fixture 5b having a claw portion 53 in the fixture 5 of Example 1 will be described. A rigid urethane foam 31a is laid on the horizontal floor 1 as the base plate 3, and a modified silicone adhesive 6a is applied as a bonding agent 6 to the surface of the rising piece 51 of the fixture 5b that contacts the rising wall 2. The rising piece 51 is inserted into the gap between the rigid urethane foam 31a and the rising wall 2 along the rising wall. A cut of 10 mm or more depth is made in the base plate 3 along the claw portion 53, and the claw portion 53 is inserted into the cut. When inserting, the fixture 5b can be easily inserted by tapping it lightly with a hammer or the like. A flat polyvinyl chloride resin-based waterproof sheet 41a is laid on the rigid urethane foam 31a and the horizontal piece 52 of the fixture 5b, and the flat polyvinyl chloride resin-based waterproof sheet 41a is fixed to the rigid urethane foam 31a with a nitrile rubber-based adhesive. At this time, the horizontal piece 52 is placed between the rigid urethane foam 31a and the flat surface polyvinyl chloride resin-based waterproof sheet 41a. The flat surface polyvinyl chloride resin-based waterproof sheet 41a is fixed with a modified silicone adhesive 7a applied to the horizontal floor 1 at intervals. The horizontal piece 52 and the flat surface polyvinyl chloride resin-based waterproof sheet 41a are welded with a solvent, and the flat surface polyvinyl chloride resin-based waterproof sheet 41a is fixed to the fixing device 5b.

The present invention provides a waterproof structure, fasteners, and construction method that are not affected by the unevenness of the base, even when construction is required to be performed without damaging the base, or when the construction area is narrow and it is difficult to use tools.

S: Base I: Inside corner M: Base board joint 1: Horizontal floor 2: Standing wall 3: Base board 4: Waterproof layer 41: Waterproof sheet 5: Fixing device 51: Standing piece 52: Horizontal piece 53: Claw portion 6: Bonding agent 10: Irregularities of base

Claims (8)

A heat insulating material is laid on the horizontal floor of a waterproof base having a horizontal floor and a rising wall provided upward from the horizontal floor;
a fixing device having a rising piece joined to the rising wall and a horizontal piece provided continuously from the rising piece at a substantially right angle and placed on the insulation material ;
a bonding agent for bonding the rising piece to the rising wall;
A waterproof layer is laid on the horizontal piece of the fixing device and the thermal insulation material and joined to the horizontal piece ,
A waterproof structure in which the fastener has a claw portion on the horizontal piece, the claw portion being inserted into the insulation material . The waterproof structure of claim 1, in which the rising piece is not in contact with the horizontal floor. 3. The waterproof structure according to claim 1, wherein the rising piece is provided along the rising wall and from the horizontal piece toward the horizontal floor, and is disposed between the rising wall and the insulating material . The waterproof structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the rising piece is provided along the rising wall and upward from the horizontal piece. The claw portion of the fixing device faces the end portion of the horizontal piece connected to the rising piece.
The waterproof structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , wherein a protrusion is provided at an end of the horizontal piece . The waterproof structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the viscosity of the bonding agent is 250 Pa·s or more and 2600 Pa·s or less. The waterproof structure according to claim 6, in which the volume reduction rate of the adhesive before and after drying is 10% or less. A step of laying a heat insulating material on a horizontal floor of a waterproof base having a horizontal floor and a rising wall provided upward from the horizontal floor;
a step of arranging a fixing device having a horizontal piece connected to a rising piece at a substantially right angle and having a claw portion on the horizontal piece along the rising wall and joining the rising piece to the rising wall with an adhesive, and piercing the claw portion of the horizontal piece into the insulation;
laying a waterproof layer over the insulation and the horizontal pieces of the fastener ;
A construction method for a waterproof structure comprising a step of joining the waterproof layer to the horizontal piece and fixing the waterproof layer onto the insulation material .

Images